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D7l: Vanguards for Research of Myrtle Rust, Austropuccinia Psidii 08:30 - 10:30 Saturday, 5Th October, 2019 Venue R19 - PG Congress Theme D

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D7l: Vanguards for Research of Myrtle Rust, Austropuccinia Psidii 08:30 - 10:30 Saturday, 5Th October, 2019 Venue R19 - PG Congress Theme D D7l: Vanguards for research of myrtle rust, Austropuccinia psidii 08:30 - 10:30 Saturday, 5th October, 2019 Venue R19 - PG Congress Theme D. Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services and Biological Invasions Presentation Types Oral Chair Alistair Dr, Jane Dr, Stuart Dr Session objectives: • This session will provide a platform for researchers of Austropuccinia psidii to share their findings and develop strategies for future research. • Establish the current and projected economic and environmental impact of further spread of A. psidii.• Insight into the expanding host range and levels of susceptibility of naïve plant species.• We will identify key knowledge gaps in the biology of A. psidii, and propose future research questions that should be studied by the community.• Several projects to sequence the genome of A. psidii are completed or underway. We must impress on the importance of accessibility of sequence data and co-ordinate research questions that can be addressed by the data soon available to the community.• Discuss the recent discoveries of the life cycle of A. psidii with regards to sexual reproduction and increasing genetic diversity on impact, disease management and biosecurity.• Discuss simplified ways to identify the strains of A. psidii and link genotypes to phenotypes in a central database that can be universally adopted as a powerful research tool. 08:30 - 08:45 D7l Global invasive threats of myrtle rust: genetic diversity and bioclimatic modeling of Austropuccinia psidii in the Americas and Hawaii Jane Stewart1, Amy Ross-Davis2,3, Rodrigo Graca4, Acelino Alfenas5, Tobin Peever6, John Hanna2, Janice Uchida7, Phil Cannon8, S Namba9, S Simeto10, Robert Hauff11, C Kadooka7, Carlos Pérez12, Min Rayamajhi13, Jean Lodge14, M Arguedas15, Paula Tennanet16, Morag Glen17, Patricia Machado5, Rosario Medel-Ortiz18, M.A López-Ramirez18, Alistair McTaggart19, Angus Carnegie20, Mee-Sook Kim21, Ned Klopfenstein2 1Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA. 2USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Moscow, USA. 3Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA. 4FuturaGene Brasil Tecnologia, Itapetininga, Brazil. 5Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil. 6Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, USA. 7Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA. 8USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection – Region 5, Vallejo, USA. 9Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. 10National Forestry Research Program, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Tacuarembó, Uruguay. 11Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Department of Lands and Natural Resources, Honolulu, USA. 12Departamento de Protección Vegetal, EEMAC, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Paysandú, Uruguay. 13USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Fort Lauderdale, USA. 14USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Luquillo, USA. 15Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica. 16The Biotechnology Centre, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica. 17Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia. 18Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico. 19Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Brisbane, Australia. 20NSW Department of Primary Industries, NSW Forest Science, Parramatta, Australia. 21USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, USA Abstract In recent decades, the myrtle rust pathogen, Austropuccinia psidii, has spread worldwide on diverse myrtaceous species. Genetic and genotypic diversities within and among A. psidii populations were evaluated in Brazil and other areas of myrtle rust emergence in the Americas and Hawaii. Several unique multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were identified by microsatellite markers, which were grouped into nine distinct genetic clusters: C1 - diverse hosts in Central America, Caribbean, and USA-Hawaii, and USA-California; C2 - eucalypts (Eucalyptus spp.) in Brazil/Uruguay and rose apple (Syzygium jambos) in Brazil; C3 - eucalypts in Brazil; C4: from diverse hosts in USA-Florida; C5 - Java plum (Syzygium cumini) in Brazil; C6 - guava and Brazilian guava (Psidium guineense) in Brazil; C7 - pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) in Brazil; C8 - allspice (Pimenta dioica) in Jamaica and sweet flower (Myrrhinium atropurpureum) in Uruguay; and C9 - jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) in Brazil. One C1 MLG was associated with multiple hosts and diverse geographic regions. The C1 and C4 cluster are considered as a “Pandemic biotype,” associated with myrtle rust emergence in Central America, Caribbean, USA-Florida/Hawaii, Australia, China-Hainan, New Caledonia, Indonesia, and Colombia. Geographic locations with suitable climate for A. psidii that are at risk from invasion were predicted using maximum entropy bioclimatic modelling using 19 bioclimatic variables, documented occurrences of A. psidii, and sets of genetic clusters (subnetworks, considered as biotypes). When assessing the invasive threats posed by A. psidii around the globe, it is important to consider the genetic diversity of A. psidii and its biotypes. 08:45 - 09:00 D7l Myrtle rust – impact on native Australian Myrtaceae and associated plant communities Geoff Pegg1, Angus Carnegie2, Fiona Giblin1, Louise Shuey1 1Horticulture & Forestry Science, Department of Agriculture & Fisheries, Brisbane, Australia. 2NSW Department of Primary Industries - Forestry, Sydney, Australia Abstract Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust) has long been considered a significant threat to Australian plant industries and ecosystems. The rust was first detected in Australia in April 2010 on the central coast of New South Wales and has continued to spread with detections extending from Tasmania in the south, Cape York Peninsula in the north east, and west to Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory. The current host list for Australia includes >350 species from 57 genera. Austropuccinia psidii severely affects key species in natural ecosystems, with localised extinctions recorded (Rhodomyrtus psidioides and Rhodamnia rubescens) and with many species no longer ecologically functional. Our studies have demonstrated severe impacts of myrtle rust on native plant communities. Austropuccinia psidii has caused significant disturbance in lowland subtropical rainforest and wet sclerophyll environments where Myrtaceae dominate the rainforest understorey. Similar impacts have been recorded in coastal heath environments affected by wildfire (Melaleuca nodosa, Leptospermum spp.) with severe decline in once dominant species and little evidence of regeneration potential. Keystone species such as Melaleuca quinquenervia are also being impacted, with tree deaths and reduced flowering rates recorded. Future research programs are required to identify and monitor species and plant communities at greatest risk of decline. The implementation of a disease screening and tree breeding program may be required for some species as without intervention, regaining lost genetic diversity within these populations may not be possible. The rate of decline of some species is alarming and retaining viable germplasm for conservation purposes is essential. 09:00 - 09:15 D7l The impact of myrtle rust in New Zealand Beccy Ganley1, Julia Soewarto2, Roanne Sutherland2 1The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Te Puke, New Zealand. 2Scion, Rotorua, New Zealand Abstract Austropuccinia psidii was first found in New Zealand in spring 2017 and an incursion response was immediately instigated. During this response Myrtaceae across large areas of New Zealand were surveyed for the presence of myrtle rust. The disease has now spread across the majority of the North Island and the top of the South Island, and is known to be present in urban and native trees. Long-term monitoring plots have been established in native forests to determine the impact of myrtle rust on foliage, flowers and fruits of mature trees and on seedling survival. The monitoring plots established have focused on one of New Zealand’s most susceptible native species Lophomyrtus bullata (ramarama) and its natural hybrids with Lophomyrtus obcordata (rohutu), but also include a range of other myrtaceous plants present within the plots such as Metrosideros spp. and Leptospermum scorparium.Here we discuss the impact this disease has had on the plant species in these plots and the implications for native New Zealand Mrytaceae, as well as the long-term surveillance and management options underway for this disease. 09:15 - 09:30 D7l Alternative fungicides for the control of myrtle rust on Metrosideros excelsa Karanjeet Sandhu1, Amin Pathan2, Mark Kimberly2, Robert Park1 1University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. 2Ministry for Primary Industries, Rotorua, New Zealand Abstract Myrtle rust caused by fungus Austropuccinia psidii was first detected in Australia and New Zealand in 2010 and 2017 respectively. Pathogen A. psidii with vast host range can be determinantal to numbers of potentially vulnerable native species of Myrtaceae. Metrosideros excelsa ‘Nana’ an evergreen native tree, also known as pohutukawa and culturally significant to Māori people, is highly susceptible to myrtle rust. Greenhouse replicated trials were conducted to assess preventative and curative efficacy of different fungicides
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