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VMAGAZINE Ethics and Animals Vision for a New World A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ANTI-VIVISECTION SOCIETY | FALL 2009 A V MAGAZINE Ethics and Animals Vision for a New World Volume CXVII, Number 4 ISSN 0274-7774 A V contents MAGAZINE Managing Editor 11 Crystal Schaeffer THE ETHICS OF A “PAIN-FrEE” ANIMAL Copy Editor By R.M. Gardner, Ph.D., Post-Doctoral Fellow, Institute of Julie Cooper-Fratrik Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute If animals are engineered to feel no pain, would PERSONNEL researchers use them in experiments? Sue Leary President 12 Jeanne Borden CARING FOR ANIMALS: A FEMINIST APPROACH Administration Assistant By Josephine Donovan, Professor Emerita, University of Chris Derer Maine Director of Development & Member Services A special approach in developing an ethical Laura Ducceschi perspective that values the inclusion of emotions. Education Director Nicole Green 2 14 Associate Director of Education VIV ISECTION AND ETHICS: CUTTING TO THE QUICK EXPLOITING ANIMALS: A PHILOSOPHICAL PrOTEST Vicki Katrinak By Joel Marks, Bioethics Center Scholar at Yale University By Christine M. Korsgaard, Arthur Kingsley Porter Policy Analyst Where do you stand on whether the ends justify the Professor of Philosophy at Harvard Nina Mak means in animal research? Shaping philosophical arguments with animal welfare Research Analyst concerns. Crystal Miller-Spiegel Policy Analyst 4 Nicole Perry THE ROLE OF ETHICS IN IACUCS’ OvERSIGHT OF 16 Outreach Coordinator ANIMAL RESEARCH ETHICS, ANIMALS, AND ACADEMIA By Nina Mak, M.S., AAVS Research Analyst By Margo DeMello, Ph.D. & Beatrice M. Friedlander, J.D., Crystal Schaeffer Outreach Director What’s an IACUC? A key player in protecting Animals and Society Institute, Inc. Austin Schlack animals in research. As the ethical dilemma surrounding animal IT Manager & Graphic Designer exploitation grows, higher education opens doors for Julie Sinnamon 8 debate. OfficeM anager WHY ANIMALS DESErvE SPECIAL MORAL GRAPHIC DESIGN/ILLUSTRATION SOLICITUDE © Copyright 2009 Jack Harris/StudioLB By Reverend Professor Andrew Linzey, Ph.D., DD, Director, www.jackharris.com Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics The AV Magazine (USPS 002-660) is published under the auspices of A religious perspective on animals, exploitation and the American Anti-Vivisection Society. Annual abuse, and ethics. membership dues: $25 .00. Third-class post- age paid at Lancaster, PA. Office of Publication: 801 Old York Rd., #204 Jenkintown, PA 19046-1611 Telephone: (215) 887-0816 Fax: (215) 887-2088 E-mail: [email protected] CO LUMN S Website: www.aavs.org Articles published in the AV Magazine may be reproduced with written permission and 17 | ARDF UPdaTE 20 | MEDIaWaTCH with credit given to AAVS. Also, we appreciate The Alternatives Research & Development AAVS and Animalearn in the media spotlight. receiving pertinent newspaper and magazine Foundation is proud to announce the recipients of its clippings, including their sources and dates of 22 | MESSAGE TO Our MEMBERS publication. 2009 Alternatives Research Grant Program. Little ways to help animals can make a big difference. When sending funds or making bequests, 18 | NEWSNET please use our legal title: 23 | TRIBUTES Artificial Lung Uses Human Tissue; REACH May American Anti-Vivisection Society Special friends honored and remembered. 801 Old York Road, Suite 204 Require More Animal Use; Former CEO Admits Jenkintown, PA 19046-1611 Animal Cloning Is Experimental; Animal Experiments Organized and established in 1883. on the Rise in UK; Montcalm County, MI Ends The American Anti-Vivisection Society does Contract with Class B Dealer. not verify all of the claims made by the authors and the individual views expressed in the AV Magazine do not necessarily reflect the policy of the organization. Printed on recycled paper. AV MAGAZINE FALL 2009 F I R ST W O RD “You cannot do evil that good will result.” The Latin version of this motto was printed on AAVS’s literature and stationery for decades. It encapsulates our principles so neatly. Good and evil; right and wrong. These are distinctions that we try to teach young children, but some of the most educated people on earth who work in science seem to not apply them to consideration of animals. MAGAZINE Many of us instinctively feel and act with compassion towards animals, and may not feel the need to ponder what is the animals’ due, and where ethical lines are drawn. But we recognize with satisfaction when we hear or read something that articulates ideas that percolate in us and validates what we know to be true. Reading through this issue of the AV Magazine, you may not agree with everything you read—the views presented are not necessarily AAVS’s positions either— but hopefully, you will gain a new perspective, and see the reasoned basis for moving forward from our controversy-filled present. Last year, I was invited to speak to a group of scholars at the Yale University Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics’ Animal Ethics Working Group. The organizer was Joel Marks, who has our gratitude for advising our editors on this issue of the AV Magazine and who wrote the first article. In preparing, I pulled out my old copy of Animal Liberation, by Peter Singer, often regarded as the landmark book, published in 1975, that launched the modern animal rights movement. Although a few organizations like AAVS had long argued the moral failure of vivisection and other animal abuse, Singer’s work, and the work of other modern philosophical pioneers, including long-time AAVS friend Tom Regan, did nothing less than challenge our whole society to turn away from a human-centered view. Not an easy task, but during my visit to Yale, I realized how much impact that challenge has made. Clearly, many scholars are engaged and genuinely attracted to the intellectual honesty that the consideration of animals’ rights demands. They will continue to develop a vision for a better world. So here is a challenge for you! As I write this, the holiday season looms, with reunions for many of us with family and friends. What a great opportunity in the midst of celebrating the light of good will at the darkest time of year, to initiate discussions about how we regard animals, using this magazine as a guide through the choppy waters of ethics, morals, philosophy, and even religion. Let your moral compass be your guide. Sue A. Leary A BO U T U S FOUNDED IN 1883, the American classroom. From elementary through college in the animal advocacy movement and the of alternatives to the use of animals, and it Anti-Vivisection Society (AAVS) is the first levels, Animalearn helps countless individuals informative AAVS website. Our quarterly advocates the use of alternatives through the non-profit animal advocacy and educational make their classrooms more humane. publication, AV Magazine, and bi-monthly internet and by participating in conferences organization in the United States dedicated to Animalearn operates the most aggressive newsletter, Activate For Animals, provide and seminars. Through these endeavors, ARDF ending experimentation on animals in research, dissection alternatives lending library in comprehensive up-to-date information on works to promote scientific solutions for today testing, and education. AAVS also opposes and the country, The Science Bank; it provides the scientific and ethical dimensions of with humane visions for the future. works to end other forms of cruelty to animals. alternatives to using animals, from basic animal experiments and alternatives. Both We ask you to become a member of We work with students, grassroots groups, dissection, through psychology experiments. publications encourage AAVS members and AAVS and help us to end the use of animals in individuals, teachers, the media, other national Animalearn also participates in national supporters to become actively involved in science through education, advocacy, and the organizations, government officials, members teacher conferences and hosts workshops to our campaigns. Outreach staff also travel to development of alternative methods. It is only of the scientific community, and advocates help teachers learn ways of educating without speaking engagements and conferences and through the support of members and other in other countries to legally and effectively harming other living creatures. Animalearn’s place advertisements in national publications to individuals that we are able to continue our end the use of animals in science through National Humane Educators Network links spread the AAVS message across the country. vital and successful programs. education, advocacy, and the development of interested parties with speakers across the The Alternatives Research & Development alternative methods to animal use. country, bringing the message of humane Foundation (ARDF), an affiliate of AAVS, AAVS has two main divisions, each education to thousands. awards grants to scientists and educators involved in specific activities. Animalearn is the The Outreach division of AAVS educates working to develop non-animal methods of education program of AAVS, which focuses the general public about animal issues through investigation. ARDF’s unique program provides on ending vivisection and dissection in the one of the top-rated literature collections the necessary resources for the development FALL 2009 AV MAGAZINE 1 BY JOEL MARKS | BIOETHICS CENTER SCHOLAR AT YALE UNIVERSITY ETHICS & AN I M AL S Vivisection And Ethics: Cutting To The Quick The central contradiction of vivisection is that animals are used for research precisely because of their similarities to humans,
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