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Novitates PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y AMERICAN MUSEUM Novitates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 3179, 14 pp., 8 figures, 2 tables August 23, 1996 Some Carnivorous Mammals from the Paleogene of the Eastern Gobi Desert, Mongolia, and the Application of Oligocene Carnivores to Stratigraphic Correlation1 DEMBERELYIN DASHZEVEG2 ABSTRACT A right mandible with P4-MI ofa new viverrid and Khoer Dzan localities (Ergilin Dzo Forma- (Carnivora) from the Alag Tsab, late Eocene ofthe tion, Ergilin Member, early Oligocene, Mongolia). eastern Gobi Desert is described. It represents a Biostratigraphic correlation is suggested for the new species, Stenoplesictis indigenus, belonging to Oligocene of Mongolia with similar deposits in a genus previously known only from the Oligocene western Europe based on fossil carnivorous mam- in western Europe. Another species, Stenoplesictis mal remains. The Ergilin Dzo and Khoer Dzan simplex, n. sp., is described from early Oligocene localities (Ergilin fauna) correlate with MP2 1 deposits in the eastern Gobi Desert (the locality (Soumailles) and the Ulaan Khongil and Schunkt of Ergilin Dzo). localities (Hsanda Gol fauna) fauna with MP22 A nimravid feliform, Nimravus mongoliensis (Villebramar) in western Europe. (Gromova, 1959) is described from Ergilin Dzo INTRODUCTION Despite progress in the study ofMongolian description of Carnivora from the Hsanda Paleogene mammals, the Carnivora have not Gol Formation in the Valley ofthe Lakes was been studied adequately and few publications given by Matthew and Granger (1924). Gro- have focussed on this group. The first brief mova (1959) described Aelurogale (= Nim- I This is contribution number 22 of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences-American Museum of Natural History Paleontological Project. 2 Geological Institute, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 1996 ISSN 0003-0082 / Price $2.00 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3179 ravus) mongoliensis from the Khoer Dzan faunal localities, were reviewed by Russell locality in Mongolia. Yanovskaya (1970) and Zhai (1987). The localities containing the made a more precise characterization of Cy- fossil remains ofcarnivorous mammals listed nodictis (= Amphicynodon) from the Tatal below are described in Dashzeveg (1985, Gol locality on the basis of material found 1991, 1993). by the Mongolian Paleontological Expedi- ALAG TSAB: The remains of Stenoplesictis tion. Lange-Badre and Dashzeveg (1989) de- sp. were found in light-gray sand in the main scribed some ofthe Carnivora and Creodonta exposures of Alag Tsab, associated with discovered by the Polish-Mongolian Pale- Hyaenodon sp. and Ardynomys sp. This lo- ontological Expedition in 1964. cality is definitely older than the lower beds In September of 1989, a paleontological of the Ergilin Dzo Formation as exposed at field party organized by the Geological In- the classical localities at Ergilin Dzo and stitute ofthe Mongolian Academy ofScience Khoer Dzan. A late Eocene age is accepted collected remains of Oligocene mammals at for the Alag Tsab locality from a sequence the Ergilin Dzo and Khoer Dzan localities of that correlates with the Ula Usu locality the eastern Gobi Desert. Within the sample (Shara Murun Formation) ofnorthern China ofmammals recovered were a few specimens (Dashzeveg, 1985, 1991). of Carnivora, some of which are described ERGILrN Dzo: Fossils here were discovered below. in two exposures: (a) Ergil Obo. Stenoplesictis elegans was Abbreviations found in 1990 in yellow sands of the Ergilin AMNH American Museum of Natural History Member, containing remains of Hypsamy- CAE Central Asiatic Expedition ofthe Amer- nodon cessator. ican Museum of Natural History (b) Bayan Tsab. Nimravus mongoliensis is MNHN Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, known from this exposure. Ronzotherium ori- Institut de Paleontologie, Paris entalis, Cadurcodon, and Bothriodon were MPE Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, also discovered in the Ergilin Member grav- 1946-1949, Academy of Science of the USSR els from the Bayan Tsab exposure (Dashzev- PIN Paleontological Institute, USSR Acad- eg, 1991). emy of Science, Moscow KHOER DzAN: Fragments of Nimravus PMPE Polish-Mongolian Expedition, Acade- mongoliensis were found in the Ergilin Mem- my of Sciences of the USSR and Mon- ber gravels from the western slopes of Khoer golian Academy of Sciences Dzan. The specimen of Nimravus mongo- PSS Paleontology and Stratigraphy Section liensis described by Gromova (1959) most of Geological Institute, Mongolian likely came from these gravels. Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar The boundary between the Eocene and Oli- gocene in the section ofErgilin Dzo and Khoer MATERIALS AND METHODS Dzan ofthe eastern Gobi Desert is below the The material described here was compared Ergilin Member, where early Oligocene gen- with material housed in the collections ofthe era of mammals are first observed. The re- American Museum of Natural History and lationship ofthis boundary to intercontinen- the National Museum of Natural History, tal faunal correlations and the Eocene/Oli- Paris. Dental measurements were made with gocene boundary in Europe and North Amer- needle-point dial calipers to the nearest 0.1 ica is extensively discussed in Dashzeveg mm. Tooth nomenclature follows Maclntyre (1991), Dashzeveg and Devyatkin (1986), and Dashzeveg and Russell (1992). See also dis- (1966). cussion below. ULAAN KHONGIL (= Tatal Gol): Two fau- LOCALITIE$ AND GEOLOGICAL nal assemblages of different ages can be dis- SETTING tinguished in this locality: (fig. 1) (a) Older assemblages with a large number The Mongolian Paleogene deposits, partic- ofrodents, including Cricetops dormitor, Se- ularly the Eocene and Oligocene terrestrial lenomys mimicus, and others, from lenses of 1 996 DASHZEVEG: CARNIVOROUS MAMMALS FROM GOBI DESERT 3 mmmmopomq 0 m Amphicynodon teilhardi /Palaeoprionodon gracilis I Shand 0I 2 - Stenoplesictis elegans, Palaeogale parvula L- I Mbr I Stenogale n. sp. 0 - *4 4fi 31 32 106 M.Y. 0 ILU Amphicynodon teilhardi z cn Tatal 00-Palaeoprionodon gracilis Iu-i Mbr Stenoplesictis elegans I IU Palaeogale ulysses, Palaeogale parvula I0 Stenogale n. sp., Nimravus sp. I Khetsu Tsab Mbr I0 - Ergilin .I- Stenoplesictis simplex Mbr I L.: Nimravus mongoliensis I Shavag < -cI Mbr Sevkhul LLJI Mbr z Zangut Mbr ui 0 L Khubsugul Mbr - *-I-- Stenoplesictis indigenus Alag Tsab - _ 0m Fig. 1. Generalized scheme of stratigraphy of upper Eocene and lower Oligocene beds of Mongolia containing fossil carnivorous mammal remains. (1) Ulaan Khongil and (2) Schunkt localities. light-brown sands and gravels in brown mud- dens from the Shand Member of the Hsanda stone ofthe Tatal Member ofthe Hsanda Gol Gol Formation (McKenna et al., MS). Formation. In 1989-1990, Dashzeveg collected re- (b) A younger assemblage with Tachy- mains of Palaeoprionodon gracilis, Steno- oryctoides obrutschewi and Tataromys prici- plesictis elegans, Amphicynodon teilhardi, and 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3179 SCHUNKT: The remains ofPalaeogale, Pa- leopriondon, Amphicynodon, and Stenople- sictis were found in the brown gravels in the sections of the Schunkt locality. Moreover, the rodents Tatatomys plicidens and Tachy- oryctoides obrutschewi were obtained here. The fauna is analogous to that known from the Shand Member at the classic locality of Ulaan Khongil of the Valley of Lakes. The presence of Tatatomys plicidens and Tachy- oryctoides obrutschewi makes it possible to assign the brown gravels of Schunkt locality to the Shand Member (Hsanda Gol Forma- tion) of the early Oligocene of Mongolia. Therefore, the abovementioned genera of Carnivora are contemporary with the Hsan- da Gol Formation of the early Oligocene. SYSTEMATICS ORDER CARNIVORA INFRAORDER FELIFORMIA KRETZOI, 1945 SUPERFAMILY FELOIDEA SIMPSON, 1931 FAMILY VIVERRIDAE GRAY, 1821 SUBFAMILY STENOPLESICTINAE SCHLOSSER, 1923 Stenoplesictis Filhol, 1880 Stenoplesictis indigenus, new species (Figure 2, table 1) Fig. 2. Stenoplesictis indigenus, n. sp. Frag- ment of right lower jaw with p4-m 1, PSS no. 40- HOLOTYPE: PSS, no. 15. A, Occlusal view; B, labial view; C, lingual 40/15, a fragment of view. the right lowerjaw with p4-m 1; eastern Gobi Desert, Alag Tsab locality (Dashzeveg, 1985). REFERRED MATERIAL: None. AGE: late Eocene. ETYMoLOGY: indigenus, from the Latin term for local. DIAGNOsIs: Stenoplesictis indigenus differs Paleogale sp. in the gravels ofthe Tatal Mem- from European Stenoplesictis cayluxi and S. ber from the main exposures of the Ulaan minor (Teilhard de Chardin, 1915) in having Khongil locality. Specimens of Nimravus sp. a more obtuse angle between the protoconid described by Toohey (1959) apparently came and paraconid on ml and differs from the from the lower bone-bearing level of this lo- Asian species, S. elegans (Matthew and cality (Mellett, 1968). Granger, 1924), in being slightly smaller and A basalt dividing the Shand Member from in having a larger talonid on ml. the Tatal Member of the Hsanda Gol For- DEscRIPTION: The last premolar is simple mation (fig. 1) has a K-Ar date of 31.2-32.7 and symmetrical, and the anterior accessory Ma (Evernden et al., 1964; Mellett, 1968). cusp is small and low. The posterior acces- 1 996 DASHZEVEG: CARNIVOROUS MAMMALS FROM GOBI DESERT 5 sory cusp is positioned comparatively high TABLE 1 on the buccal flank of the main cusp, from Measurements of Lower Cheek Teeth and which it is separated by a short but distinct Mandibles of Stenoplesictis simplex
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