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Syrian Refugee Crisis Ketermaya informal tented settlement SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS Global Communities Rapid Needs Assessment: Lebanon Mount Lebanon Governorate, Chouf and Aley Districts April 2014 Global Communities serves as an active implementing The influx has been described by the government as an partner for UNHCR in providing shelter and WASH existential threat in a country scarred by its own volatile assistance to Lebanon’s Mt Lebanon governorate. This history.2 update is part of Global Communities’ effort to assess, monitor and share information related to the impact of the Mt Lebanon’s urban environment is a challenge for UNHCR Syrian refugee crisis in Mt Lebanon. In partnership with and aid practitioners attempting to locate, monitor, track and the Development People and Nature’s Association (DPNA), deliver aid to Syrian refugees. Public health and education Global Communities carried out 12 focus groups in Aley and services shared by Syrians and Lebanese are in steady Chouf districts, representing 113 individuals-- 66% of total decline. The Lebanese public school system has exceeded respondents were female. Questions focused on shelter, its capacity level in both space and number, leaving WASH, livelihoods, education and protection needs. The approximately 300,000 Syrian refugees with no access findings in this update are illustrative of the needs in the to education. The majority of Syrian migrant workers who target areas and not used to extrapolate findings beyond its previously traveled from Syria now permanently reside in scope. Lebanon, resulting in a drop of daily wage due to a flooded labor market. Syrians’ strong work ethic and willingness to accept lower wages fuels fierce competition with Lebanese SUMMARY for business and skilled labor. With a population of just over 4 million, Lebanon now has UNHCR reports the highest number of new refugee the highest per capita concentration of refugees worldwide. registrations to be in Mt Lebanon. The majority of Syrian Lebanon has taken in nearly 1 million1 registered Syrian refugees living in collective centers and ITS have a refugees since the start of the Syrian conflict four years background in agriculture. With the onset of violence, their ago, representing nearly a quarter of its own population. families fled Syria and chose to relocate to Lebanon. Water 2. Thomas Reuters Foundation. http://www.trust.org/item/20140403101614- 1. As of April 3, 2014. Thomas Reuters Foundation. “Lebanon marks 1qjln/. 3 April 2014. “devastating” milestone with millionth refugee”. http://www.trust.org/ item/20140403101614-1qjln/. 3 April 2014 SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS / Global Communities Rapid Needs Assessment: 1 Mount Lebanon Governorate, Chouf and Aley Districts April 2014 Snapshot 1,003,814 Syrians registered by UNHCR in Lebanon (as of 4 April 2014) 1 in 5 persons are Syrian. That is 6 times the number of Syrian refugees registered by UNHCR at the beginning of 2013. 2,300 refugees registered every day in Lebanon. 25,000 refugees are over the age of 65. 75% of Syrian refugees are women and children. 80% displaced more than once inside Syria before coming to Lebanon. (data source: UNHCR Lebanon) Graphic depicting size of Lebanon in relation to the State of Maryland, USA. Source: UNHCR Lebanon shortages are on the rise due to a lack of rainwater coupled unaccompanied children, underscore the need for stronger with increased population numbers associated with Syrians. referral mechanisms. A lack of management, limited electricity, and shared bathing facilities in group living environments poses potential threats Systems by which persons with specific needs are to the safety and security especially to women and children. identified and referred to relevant services require strengthening, including enhanced coordination and follow-through amongst partners at the field level:There THE MAIN FINDINGS OF THE REPORT exists a gap in reporting and monitoring, especially between residents of collective centers, ITS and aid practitioners. Stressed ground water sources and a 54% decrease in general average rainfall will likely result in a period of drought with water shortages: There is potential for a KEY RECOMMENDatIONS considerable drop in water availability; reduction in water quality; and unforeseen water needs in areas previously Coordinate with the GOL Water Authority to increase served. water access through water reservoir construction: Aid agencies should proactively coordinate with the GOL Limited water availability in the hot and humid summer Water Authority to utilize maps and assessments they months is likely to create an increased prevalence of prepared outlining ground water sources and needs. hygienic problems and disease transmission: Syrian Efforts to expedite construction should be done with the refugees, Lebanese community members, humanitarian understanding that construction will take 2-3 months to aid practitioners and the GOL’s Water Authority all express complete. concern in water availability and decline in good hygiene practice that is anticipated to worsen in summer months. Establish hygiene promotion and water conservation campaigns targeting Syrian refugees: Campaign A gap exists in support to children, particularly in the messages could be broadcast to Lebanese and Syrians implementation and scaling-up of systems providing utilizing paper fliers, posters, and SMS technology. To specialized services to those deemed high-risk and maximize outreach opportunities, mobile community based vulnerable: At least 300,000 Syrian refugee children initiatives should be carried out through activities. Sessions cannot enroll in school. A majority of these children work could involve methods to conserve water; promotion of as an alternative. Suspected high numbers of children alcohol based sanitizers; and drawing attention to the engaged in work, particularly on streets and in other worse decreasing amount of water available. forms of labor, coupled with concerns of separated or SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS / Global Communities Rapid Needs Assessment: 2 Mount Lebanon Governorate, Chouf and Aley Districts April 2014 Rehabilitate water infrastructure in collective centers and private homes to promote water conservation: Construct water pipe infrastructure to recycle grey water from washing in showers and kitchens for use in toilet flushing. Create opportunity for protection monitoring teams to visit and follow-up areas with high refugee populations: Teams of volunteers or paid staff members from local and international NGOs should visit collective centers and ITS in order to monitor, record, report and follow-up needs of Syrian refugees. Increase capacity for child friendly spaces (CFS): Creation of CFS in Syrian refugee collective centers or off-site in public parks and playgrounds provides opportunity for children to process and express the trauma they experienced in Syria. Research and provide options for home gardening in collective centers and ITS: The majority of Syrian refugees interviewed in collective centers and ITS have a low income, are reliant on WFP food rations and have a background in agriculture. All Syrian refugees claim a lack of fresh fruits and vegetables available in WFP food rations. Research and efforts to promote home gardening techniques, such as key hole gardens, should be explored. GEOGRAPHIC FOCUS Location Total number of registered Syrian refugees in Mt. A collective shelter housing over 150 Syrian families Lebanon as of February 27, 2014 Total: 201,232 individuals District (Caza) Lebanese Registered Syrian (as of March 4, 2014) Population Refugees Baabda 520,165 66,460 Source: UN OCHA El Matn 428,166 41,155 Aley 163,872 41,320 Kesrouan 161,292 8,190 Chouf 153,324 41,606 Jbayl 80,754 2,501 Source: UN OCHA and GOL Central Administration of Statistics, http:// www.cas.gov.lb/index.php. SYRIAN REFUGEE CRISIS / Global Communities Rapid Needs Assessment: 3 Mount Lebanon Governorate, Chouf and Aley Districts April 2014 Shelter 20% increase in the overall population in the last two years, this value might now be significantly below the “Life is Bad and Rent is Expensive” threshold. Water trucking is available as coping mechanism, —focus group respondent, Chouf but is unfavorable due to it being both expensive and unsustainable. In Mt Lebanon, the majority of Syrian refugees live in urban environments. The urban context creates a Lebanese municipalities struggle to cope with the challenge to identify their location, needs and provision of accumulation and disposal of waste. They are required to aid. In January 2014, UNHCR’s Information Management pay approximately $110 USD per kilo collected and have Working Group initiated a country-wide effort to map experienced an increase of 30 to 40% in their waste due to ITS and to promote the Activity Info data management the presence of the refugees.5 In Mt Lebanon, the private tool to quantify and track humanitarian interventions company Sukleen is responsible for collecting garbage that beginning in 2014. The number of Syrian refugees living is then transported to designated dump sites. It does not with host families has steadily decreased, suggesting a operate in areas deemed residential—thereby not accessing saturation in both the availability and willingness of the ITS or industrial sites now inhabited by Syrian refugees. local community to host refugees. Rent prices continue to escalate with the limited housing stock and continued influx of refugees; fluctuating from $300-$500 per month. 5. Survey results. Global Communities November 2013 Assessment.
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