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What Are the Problems with Embedded Linux?
What Are the Problems with Embedded Linux? Every Operating System Has Benefits and Drawbacks Linux is ubiquitous. It runs most internet servers, is inside Android* smartphones, and is used on millions of embedded systems that, in the past, ran Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOSes). Linux can (and should) be used were possible for embedded projects, but while it gives you extreme choice, it also presents the risk of extreme complexity. What, then, are the trade-offs between embedded Linux and an RTOS? In this article, we cover some key considerations when evaluating Linux for a new development: ■ Design your system architecture first ■ What is Linux? ■ Linux vs. RTOSes ■ Free software is about liberty—not price ■ How much does Embedded Linux cost? ■ Why pay for Embedded Linux? ■ Should you buy Embedded Linux or roll-your-own (RYO)? ■ To fork or not to fork? ■ Software patching ■ Open source licensing ■ Making an informed decision The important thing is not whether Linux or an RTOS is “the best,” but whether either operating system—or both together—makes the most technical and financial sense for your project. We hope this article helps you make an informed decision. Design Your System Architecture First It is important to design your system architecture first—before choosing either Linux or an RTOS—because both choices can limit architectural freedom. You may discover that aspects of your design require neither Linux nor an RTOS, making your design a strong candidate for a heterogeneous approach that includes one or more bare-metal environments (with possibly a Linux and/or RTOS environment as well). -
Architecture
Skolelinux - Architecture Petter Reinholdtsen [email protected] Skolelinux - Architecture by Petter Reinholdtsen Published v0.1, 2002-12-07 Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Petter Reinholdtsen * Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Public License, Version 2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. Skolelinux is the Debian-edu project’s Custom Debian Distribution (CDD) in development (http://wiki.debian.net/index.cgi?CustomDebian). What this means is that Skolelinux is a version of Debian whose out-of-the box environment gives you a completely configured school-network (In Norway, where Skolelinux was started, the main target group is schools serving the 6-16 years age bracket). This document describes the network architecture and services provided by a Skolelinux installation. Revision History Revision 0.1 2002-12-07 Revised by: pere Table of Contents 1. Network ..................................................................................................................................................1 2. Services ...................................................................................................................................................2 2.1. Thin client services .....................................................................................................................4 3. Administration .......................................................................................................................................5 -
"Debian Edu / Skolelinux Lenny 5.0.6+Edu1 Manual"
"Debian Edu / Skolelinux Lenny 5.0.6+edu1 Manual" November 21, 2010 "Debian Edu / Skolelinux Lenny 5.0.6+edu1 Manual" i CONTENTS CONTENTS Contents 1 Manual for Debian Edu 5.0.6+edu1 Codename "Lenny"1 2 About Debian Edu and Skolelinux1 3 Architecture 1 3.1 Network...............................................1 3.1.1 Main server (tjener)....................................2 3.1.2 Services running on the main server...........................2 3.1.3 LTSP server(s) (Thin client server(s))..........................3 3.1.4 Thin clients.........................................3 3.1.5 Diskless workstations...................................4 3.1.6 Networked clients.....................................4 3.2 Administration...........................................4 3.3 Installation.............................................4 3.4 File system access configuration.................................4 3.5 random notes............................................5 4 Features 5 4.1 New in Debian Edu 5.0.6+edu1 Codename "Lenny" released 2010-10-05..........5 4.2 New features in Debian Edu 5.0.4+edu0 Codename "Lenny" released 2010-02-08.....6 4.3 New features in Debian 5.0.4 upon which Debian Edu 5.0.4+edu0 is based.........7 4.4 New features in the "3.0r1 Terra" release 2007-12-05......................7 4.5 New features in the "3.0r0 Terra" release 2007-07-22......................7 4.6 Features in 2.0 release 2006-03-14.................................8 4.7 Features in "1.0 Venus" release 2004-06-20............................8 4.8 More information on older releases...............................8 5 Requirements 8 5.1 Hardware requirements......................................8 5.2 Hardware known to work.....................................9 6 Requirements for a network setup9 6.1 Default Setup............................................9 6.2 Internet router...........................................9 7 Installation 10 7.1 Where to find additional information............................. -
Debian Edu / Skolelinux Wheezy 7.1+Edu0 Manual
Debian Edu / Skolelinux Wheezy 7.1+edu0 Manual May 28, 2016 i CONTENTS CONTENTS Contents 1 Manual for Debian Edu 7.1+edu0 Codename Wheezy1 2 About Debian Edu and Skolelinux1 2.1 Some history and why two names . .1 3 Architecture 2 3.1 Network . .2 3.1.1 The default network setup . .3 3.1.2 Main server (tjener) . .3 3.1.3 Services running on the main server . .3 3.1.4 LTSP server(s) (Thin client server(s)) . .5 3.1.5 Thin clients . .5 3.1.6 Diskless workstations . .5 3.1.7 Networked clients . .5 3.2 Administration . .5 3.2.1 Installation . .5 3.2.2 File system access configuration . .6 4 Requirements 6 4.1 Hardware requirements . .6 4.2 Hardware known to work . .7 5 Requirements for network setup7 5.1 Default Setup . .7 5.2 Internet router . .7 6 Installation and download options8 6.1 Where to find additional information . .8 6.2 Download the installation media for Debian Edu 7.1+edu0 Codename "Wheezy" . .8 6.2.1 netinstall CD image for i386, amd64 . .8 6.2.2 USB flash drive / Blue-ray disc ISO image for i386 and amd64 . .8 6.2.3 Source image . .8 6.3 Request a CD / DVD by mail . .8 6.4 Installing Debian Edu . .9 6.4.1 Select type of installation . .9 6.4.1.1 Additional boot parameters for installations . 12 6.4.2 The installation process . 12 6.4.3 Notes on some characteristics . 14 6.4.3.1 A note on notebooks . -
Openprinting Plenary
OpenPrinting Plenary Till Kamppeter, OpenPrinting IPP Everywhere under Linux – Driverless Printing · Support completely implemented: cups-filters: gstoraster/pdftoraster turns PDF into PWG Raster to send to IPP Everywhere printer, rastertopdf accepts PWG Raster as input for CUPS queue to emulate IPP Everywhere printer cups-browsed: If activated IPP Everywhere printers are discovered and a queue auto-generated, even with PPD file (PPD generator taken from CUPS 2.1.x, experimental) Ghostscript: PWG Raster format can be generated via “pwgraster” device or via “cups” device and MediaClass “PwgRaster” Printing stack of Level 2 is enough · Ubuntu Vivid (15.04) contains all this and therefore should fully support IPP Everywhere · Backport to Ubuntu Trusty (14.04 LTS) planned, but we need testing by manufacturers first · NEEDED: Testing all this by printer manufacturers, so please take Ubuntu 15.04 and test with your printers 2 Mobile Printing · Printing stack ready for mobile: cupsd and cups-browsed can be run on-demand, with systemd (most modern distros, incl. Ubuntu 15.04) or Upstart (Ubuntu Phone) Packaging of printing stack in three levels, level 2 for mobile, level 3 for desktop, server can be level 2 (appliance) or level 3 (computer) Printing stack is same software for mobile and desktop, so convergence (connect mobile phone to monitor to get desktop) is easy · MISSING: Mobile print dialog, but will be implemented soon for Ubuntu Mobile · Nice to have: Lightweight renderer like MuPDF 3 cups-filters · Most important changes: Create -
Sysvinit / Upstart / Systemd
SysVinit / Upstart / Systemd Zahemszky Gábor mérnök tanácsadó Zahemszky Gábor SysVinit / Upstart / Systemd init? ● Mire jó? ● Mire nem jó? ● Mi lenne, ha … (kávét főzne, kitakarítana, betakarítana, észlelné a bekapcsolt BT-fejhallgatót, a bedugot mobildiszket ...) Zahemszky Gábor SysVinit / Upstart / Systemd Ki mit használ jelenleg? Debian SysVinit Fedora Systemd OpenSUSE Systemd RHEL5 SysVinit RHEL6 Upstart SLES 10/11 SysVinit Ubuntu Upstart Többi? Kit érdekel? SysVinit Zahemszky Gábor SysVinit / Upstart / Systemd Előnyei ● Egyszerű maga az eszköz ● Egyszerűek az elindítot parancsfájlok ● Egyszerű a használt könyvtárstruktúra Zahemszky Gábor SysVinit / Upstart / Systemd Hátrányai ● Nem is annyira egyszerűek a parancsfájlok ● Mi van, ha az elindítot szerviz meghal? ● Miért fusson minden mindig, akkor is, ha csak ritkán akarjuk használni? Zahemszky Gábor SysVinit / Upstart / Systemd Mi a megoldás a problémákra? ● Bonyolítsuk el az egyszerű programot! ● Dobjuk ki az egyszerű scripteket! ● Strukturáljuk át az ismert, szabványosítot (LFS FHS) felépítésű fájlrendszert! Upstart Zahemszky Gábor SysVinit / Upstart / Systemd Upstart ● „Eseményvezérelt init-helyetesítő, amelynél a feladatok (task) és szolgáltatások (service) események (event) hatására indulnak el és állnak le” (*) ● Ellenben a feladatok és események elindítása / leállása más eseményeket generálhat ● Un. job segítségével mondhatjuk meg mi, merre, hány méter (mi, hogyan induljon/álljon le) ● Vezérlésre az initctl parancs szolgál (*) lásd upstart.ubuntu.com Zahemszky Gábor SysVinit -
Debian \ Amber \ Arco-Debian \ Arc-Live \ Aslinux \ Beatrix
Debian \ Amber \ Arco-Debian \ Arc-Live \ ASLinux \ BeatriX \ BlackRhino \ BlankON \ Bluewall \ BOSS \ Canaima \ Clonezilla Live \ Conducit \ Corel \ Xandros \ DeadCD \ Olive \ DeMuDi \ \ 64Studio (64 Studio) \ DoudouLinux \ DRBL \ Elive \ Epidemic \ Estrella Roja \ Euronode \ GALPon MiniNo \ Gibraltar \ GNUGuitarINUX \ gnuLiNex \ \ Lihuen \ grml \ Guadalinex \ Impi \ Inquisitor \ Linux Mint Debian \ LliureX \ K-DEMar \ kademar \ Knoppix \ \ B2D \ \ Bioknoppix \ \ Damn Small Linux \ \ \ Hikarunix \ \ \ DSL-N \ \ \ Damn Vulnerable Linux \ \ Danix \ \ Feather \ \ INSERT \ \ Joatha \ \ Kaella \ \ Kanotix \ \ \ Auditor Security Linux \ \ \ Backtrack \ \ \ Parsix \ \ Kurumin \ \ \ Dizinha \ \ \ \ NeoDizinha \ \ \ \ Patinho Faminto \ \ \ Kalango \ \ \ Poseidon \ \ MAX \ \ Medialinux \ \ Mediainlinux \ \ ArtistX \ \ Morphix \ \ \ Aquamorph \ \ \ Dreamlinux \ \ \ Hiwix \ \ \ Hiweed \ \ \ \ Deepin \ \ \ ZoneCD \ \ Musix \ \ ParallelKnoppix \ \ Quantian \ \ Shabdix \ \ Symphony OS \ \ Whoppix \ \ WHAX \ LEAF \ Libranet \ Librassoc \ Lindows \ Linspire \ \ Freespire \ Liquid Lemur \ Matriux \ MEPIS \ SimplyMEPIS \ \ antiX \ \ \ Swift \ Metamorphose \ miniwoody \ Bonzai \ MoLinux \ \ Tirwal \ NepaLinux \ Nova \ Omoikane (Arma) \ OpenMediaVault \ OS2005 \ Maemo \ Meego Harmattan \ PelicanHPC \ Progeny \ Progress \ Proxmox \ PureOS \ Red Ribbon \ Resulinux \ Rxart \ SalineOS \ Semplice \ sidux \ aptosid \ \ siduction \ Skolelinux \ Snowlinux \ srvRX live \ Storm \ Tails \ ThinClientOS \ Trisquel \ Tuquito \ Ubuntu \ \ A/V \ \ AV \ \ Airinux \ \ Arabian -
Nixos: a Purely Functional Linux Distribution
NixOS: A Purely Functional Linux Distribution Eelco Dolstra Andres Loh¨ Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Utrecht University, The Netherlands [email protected] [email protected] Abstract change after they have been built; rather, the system is updated to Existing package and system configuration management tools suf- a new configuration by changing the specification and rebuilding fer from an imperative model, where system administration actions the system from it. This allows a system to be built determinis- such as upgrading packages or changes to system configuration tically, and therefore reproducibly. It allows the user to roll back files are stateful: they destructively update the state of the sys- the system to previous configurations, since previous configura- tem. This leads to many problems, such as the inability to roll back tions are not overwritten. Perhaps most importantly, statelessness changes easily, to run multiple versions of a package side-by-side, makes configuration actions predictable: they do not mysteriously to reproduce a configuration deterministically on another machine, fail because of some unknown aspect of the state of the system. or to reliably upgrade a system. In this paper we show that we can We have previously shown how package management — the overcome these problems by moving to a purely functional system installation and management of software packages — can be done configuration model. This means that all static parts of a system in a purely functional way, in contrast to the imperative models (such as software packages, configuration files and system startup of conventional tools such as RPM (Foster-Johnson 2003). -
Ubuntu Kung Fu.Pdf
Prepared exclusively for J.S. Ash Beta Book Agile publishing for agile developers The book you’re reading is still under development. As part of our Beta book program, we’re releasing this copy well before we normally would. That way you’ll be able to get this content a couple of months before it’s available in finished form, and we’ll get feedback to make the book even better. The idea is that everyone wins! Be warned. The book has not had a full technical edit, so it will con- tain errors. It has not been copyedited, so it will be full of typos and other weirdness. And there’s been no effort spent doing layout, so you’ll find bad page breaks, over-long lines with little black rectan- gles, incorrect hyphenations, and all the other ugly things that you wouldn’t expect to see in a finished book. We can’t be held liable if you use this book to try to create a spiffy application and you somehow end up with a strangely shaped farm implement instead. Despite all this, we think you’ll enjoy it! Throughout this process you’ll be able to download updated PDFs from your account on http://pragprog.com. When the book is finally ready, you’ll get the final version (and subsequent updates) from the same address. In the meantime, we’d appreciate you sending us your feedback on this book at http://books.pragprog.com/titles/ktuk/errata, or by using the links at the bottom of each page. -
Battle-Hardened Upstart Linux Plumbers 2013
Battle-Hardened Upstart Linux Plumbers 2013 James Hunt <[email protected]> and Dmitrijs Ledkovs <[email protected]> September, 2013 Table of Contents Utilities 1. Overview 3. Enablements 2. Design and Architecture cloud-init Event-based Design friendly-recovery Example Job gpg-key-compose SystemV Support Summary SystemV Runlevels 4. Quality Checks Bridges 5. Areas of Friction More Events 6. Links . 2 / 31 Overview of Upstart Revolutionary event-based /sbin/init system. Written by Scott James Remnant (Canonical, Google). Maintained by Canonical. Developed by Canonical and the community. PID 1 on every Ubuntu system since 2006 (introduced in Ubuntu 6.10 "Edgy Eft"). Systems booted using native Upstart jobs (not SysVinit compat) since Ubuntu 9.10 ("Karmic Koala") in 2009. Handles system boot and shutdown and supervises services. Provides legacy support for SystemV services. Upstart is a first-class citizen in Debian ([Debian Policy]). 3 / 31 Availability and Usage Runs on any modern Linux system. Used by... 6.10 ! 11.3/11.4 RHEL6 ChromeOS Now available in... 4 / 31 Platform Presence Upstart runs on all types of systems: Desktop systems Servers Embedded devices Thin clients (such as ChromeBooks, Edubuntu) Cloud instances Tablets Phones (Ubuntu Touch) . 5 / 31 Cloud Upstart is the #1 init system used in the cloud (through Ubuntu). Ubuntu, and thus Upstart, is used by lots of large well-known companies such as: HP AT&T Wikipedia Ericsson Rackspace Instagram twitpic … Companies moving to Ubuntu... Netflix . Hulu eBay 6 / 31 Versatility Upstart is simple and versatile The /sbin/init daemon only knows about events and processes: it doesn't dictate runlevel policy. -
Index20b2c.Pdf
Brief project description 2nd Conference on FS/OSS Debian GNU/Linux (http://www.debian.org/) The Debian Project is an association of individuals who have made common cause to create a free operating system. This operating system that we have created is called Debian GNU/Linux, or simply Debian for short. An operating system is the set of basic programs and utilities that make your computer run. At the core of an operating system is the kernel. The kernel is the most fundamental program on the computer and does all the basic housekeeping and lets you start other programs. Debian systems currently use the Linux kernel. Linux is a completely free piece of software started by Linus Torvalds and supported by thousands of programmers worldwide. However, work is in progress to provide Debian for other kernels, primarily for the Hurd. The Hurd is a collection of servers that run on top of a microkernel (such as Mach) to implement different features. The Hurd is free software produced by the GNU project. A large part of the basic tools that fill out the operating system come from the GNU project; hence the names: GNU/Linux and GNU/Hurd. These tools are also free. Of course, the thing that people want is application software: programs to help them get what they want to do done, from editing documents to running a business to playing games to writing more software. Debian comes with over 8710 packages (precompiled software that is bundled up in a nice format for easy installation on your machine) — all of it free. -
Pipenightdreams Osgcal-Doc Mumudvb Mpg123-Alsa Tbb
pipenightdreams osgcal-doc mumudvb mpg123-alsa tbb-examples libgammu4-dbg gcc-4.1-doc snort-rules-default davical cutmp3 libevolution5.0-cil aspell-am python-gobject-doc openoffice.org-l10n-mn libc6-xen xserver-xorg trophy-data t38modem pioneers-console libnb-platform10-java libgtkglext1-ruby libboost-wave1.39-dev drgenius bfbtester libchromexvmcpro1 isdnutils-xtools ubuntuone-client openoffice.org2-math openoffice.org-l10n-lt lsb-cxx-ia32 kdeartwork-emoticons-kde4 wmpuzzle trafshow python-plplot lx-gdb link-monitor-applet libscm-dev liblog-agent-logger-perl libccrtp-doc libclass-throwable-perl kde-i18n-csb jack-jconv hamradio-menus coinor-libvol-doc msx-emulator bitbake nabi language-pack-gnome-zh libpaperg popularity-contest xracer-tools xfont-nexus opendrim-lmp-baseserver libvorbisfile-ruby liblinebreak-doc libgfcui-2.0-0c2a-dbg libblacs-mpi-dev dict-freedict-spa-eng blender-ogrexml aspell-da x11-apps openoffice.org-l10n-lv openoffice.org-l10n-nl pnmtopng libodbcinstq1 libhsqldb-java-doc libmono-addins-gui0.2-cil sg3-utils linux-backports-modules-alsa-2.6.31-19-generic yorick-yeti-gsl python-pymssql plasma-widget-cpuload mcpp gpsim-lcd cl-csv libhtml-clean-perl asterisk-dbg apt-dater-dbg libgnome-mag1-dev language-pack-gnome-yo python-crypto svn-autoreleasedeb sugar-terminal-activity mii-diag maria-doc libplexus-component-api-java-doc libhugs-hgl-bundled libchipcard-libgwenhywfar47-plugins libghc6-random-dev freefem3d ezmlm cakephp-scripts aspell-ar ara-byte not+sparc openoffice.org-l10n-nn linux-backports-modules-karmic-generic-pae