Timeline of America the Beautiful

Ray and Charlene Notgrass How to Use This Timeline

A timeline assignment follows each lesson in America the Beautiful. Read the assignment, turn to the assigned year in this book, find the blank that has the corresponding lesson number, and write the assigned statement on the blank. When you write your timeline assignment, read the other things that happened during that year and a few years before and after it. Notice that each timeline box for the years 1000 to 1490 covers one decade. Beginning in 1500, each timeline box covers one year. Beginning with the year 2000, the boxes are larger so that you can write events in the lives of you and your family and other events you want to remember.

Enjoy creating your own timeline of American history!

Timeline of America the Beautiful by Ray and Charlene Notgrass

ISBN 978-1-60999-145-6

No part of this material may be reproduced without permission from the publisher. You may not photocopy this book. If you need additional copies for children in your family or for students in your group or classroom, contact Notgrass History to order them.

Printed in the United States of America.

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1-800-211-8793 notgrass.com • Mississippians live and build mounds in the Southeast. • The Thule people, ancestors of the Inuit and Yupik people, live in northern Alaska. 1000 • ______(6)

1010

1020 Northern Lights over North America

1030

1040 Sod church at L’Anse aux Meadows • Monks Mound is under construction at Cahokia. 1050

1060

1070

1080

Monks Mound, Cahokia, Illinois 1090

1721

• The Governor’s Palace is completed in Williamsburg, Virginia. 1722

• John Witherspoon is born in Gifford, Scotland. 1723

• ______(48) 1724

1725

1726

1727

Information about the Rattle-Snake Herb and Planetary Motion 1728 from Poor Richard’s Almanack

• The Old South Meeting House is built in Boston. • Natchez destroy Fort Rosalie at present-day Natchez, Mississippi. 1729 • The proprietors of Carolina sell their rights to the British crown. Carolina officially becomes North Carolina and South Carolina.

1731

• George Washington is born in Pope’s Creek, Virginia. • Construction begins on the State House of the Province of Pennsylvania, later 1732 called Independence Hall. • Benjamin Franklin begins to publish Poor Richard’s Almanac.

• Englishman James Oglethorpe establishes the colony of Georgia. 1733

• Daniel Boone is born in Pennsylvania. • ______1734 ______(18) • Minister Jonathan Edwards begins preaching to the hearts of his listeners.

• English ministers John and Charles Wesley come to Georgia. • Benjamin Ingham helps to begin a school for the Yamacraw in Georgia. 1735 • John Adams is born in Braintree, Massachusetts.

• Georgia colonists build Fort Frederica on St. Simons Island to protect the colony from the Spanish. 1736 • Jonathan Edwards publishes the pamphlet, A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God.

1737

1738

• ______(19) 1739

• Danish navigator Vitus Bering explores the strait later named in his honor. He and his 1741 crew see Alaska. Aleut Man and Russian Ship • Faneuil Hall opens in Boston. • John Sergeant builds a Mission House in the Berkshires. 1742

• Benjamin Franklin founds the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia. • Thomas Jefferson is born in Goochland County in irginia.V 1743

• Abigail Smith is born in Weymouth, Massachusetts. 1744

• Nathan Wilbur begins building a windmill on Nantucket Island. • John Jay is born in New York. 1745 • The French build a fort on the American side of Niagara Falls.

1746

• ______1747 ______(30)

1748

1749 Whaling in the 1700s

30 Timeline of America the Beautiful © 2020 Notgrass History • English explorer Thomas Walker enters a gap that native people use in the Appalachian Mountains and names it after the Duke of Cumberland. 1750 • By this time, Nantucket Island has become the whaling capital of the world.

• Pennsylvania orders a bell from England as part of the 50th anniversary celebration of the Charter of Privileges. The bell will become the famous 1751 American symbol, the Liberty Bell. • James Madison is born in Port Conway, Virginia. • Benjamin Franklin performs his famous experiment with electricity. 1752

• ______(25) 1753 • ______(33) • George Washington leads Americans at Fort Necessity, the first battle of the French and Indian War. 1754 • Benjamin Franklin writes the Albany Plan of Union. • King’s Chapel is constructed in Boston. • The British begin forcing the Acadians out of Canada. Many move to Louisiana. 1755

• Construction begins on the chapel at the San Antonio de Valero mission, later known as the Alamo. 1756

• Benjamin Franklin goes to Great Britain to represent the interests of the Pennsylvania colony. 1757

• Noah Webster is born in Connecticut. • James Monroe is born in Westmoreland County, Virginia. 1758

• George Washington marries Martha Dandridge Custis. 1759

Timeline of America the Beautiful © 2020 Notgrass History 31 • Daniel Boone enters the Blue Ridge Mountains while on a long hunt. • During this decade, Russian fur trappers are hunting as far south as San 1760 Francisco Bay.

1761

• Henry Timberlake draws a map of Overhill Cherokee villages. 1762

• The French and Indian War ends. • King George III issues the Royal Proclamation of 1763. 1763 • Spain gives up control of Florida, transferring it to the British. • America’s first Jewish synagogue is built in Rhode Island. • The British Parliament passes the Sugar Act and the Currency Act. • John Adams and Abigail Smith marry in Weymouth, Massachusetts. 1764

• The British Parliament passes the Stamp Act. 1765

• The British Parliament repeals the Stamp Act and passes the Townshend Acts. 1766

• John Quincy Adams is born in Braintree, Massachusetts. • Andrew Jackson is born in the Waxhaws area near the border of North 1767 Carolina and South Carolina.

• Colonists settle in the ataugaW Valley of Tennessee. • The British send eight warships to Boston. They camp on Boston Common. 1768 • John Witherspoon becomes president of the College of New Jersey (later Princeton). • Junipero Serra begins the San Diego de Alcala mission in Alta California. • Daniel Boone sees Kentucky for the first time. 1769 • ______(130)

1771

British cartoon from 1775 shows “A society 1772 of patriotic ladies, at Edenton in North Carolina” pledging to boycott English tea.

• The British Parliament passes the Tea Act. • ______(24) 1773 • Enslaved woman Phillis Wheatley publishes a book of poetry. • William Henry Harrison is born in Charles City County, Virginia. • Parliament passes the Coercive Acts (called Intolerable Acts by colonists). • The First Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia. 1774 • By this year, Timothy Demonbreun had established a fur trading operation at French Lick in Middle Tennessee.

• The Second Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia. • ______(26) 1775 • The American Revolution begins with the Battles of Lexington and Concord. • ______(34) • Thomas Paine publishes Common Sense. • The Continental Congress adopts the Declaration of Independence. 1776 • The Spanish build a mission and a military post at present-day San Francisco. • Sequoyah is born in Tennessee. • ______(27) • Americans defeat the British at Saratoga—the turning point of the Revolution. 1777 • The Continental Congress adopts the Articles of Confederation. • American troops begin a hard winter at Valley Forge. • France officially recognizes the United States ofAmerica. • British Captain James Cook becomes the first European to visit Hawaii. 1778 • Admiral John Paul Jones fights the British along the coast of England. • Polish engineer Tadeusz Kościuszko helps build fortifications at West Point. • George Rogers Clark defeats the British at Fort Sackville in Indiana. • General “Mad” Anthony Wayne defeats the British at Fort Stony Point. 1779 • “Light Horse Harry” Lee leads a surprise attack on British forces in New Jersey. • Admiral John Paul Jones captures the HMS Serapis, a British man-of-war.

Timeline of America the Beautiful © 2020 Notgrass History 33 • The British capture Charleston, South Carolina. • Benedict Arnold becomes a traitor. 1780 • Overmountain Men help win the Battle of King’s Mountain in South Carolina. • French troops under Jean-Baptiste Rochambeau land in Newport, Rhode Island. • Battles occur in North and South Carolina. • British General Cornwallis surrenders to General George Washington at 1781 Yorktown.

• Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay negotiate the Treaty of Paris. • ______1782 ______(35) • Martin Van Buren is born in Kinderhook, New York. • Noah Webster publishes The Blue-Backed Speller. • Timothy Demonbreun becomes lieutenant governor of the Northwest 1783 Territory.

• The Confederation Congress ratifies the Treaty of aris.P 1784 • Zachary Taylor is born near Barboursville, Virginia.

• John Jay is a founding member of the New York Manumission Society. • John James Audubon is born in Haiti. 1785

• Quakers begin helping runaway slaves. 1786

• The Confederation Congress passes the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. • The Constitutional Convention writes a new United States Constitution. 1787 • Delaware, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey become the first three states. • Hamilton, Madison, and Jay begin writing The Federalist Papers. • Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, and New York become the 4th through 11th states. 1788 • The U.S. Constitution goes into effect when New Hampshire becomes the 9th state to ratify it. • George Washington is inaugurated as the first President of the United States. • John Jay becomes the first Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. 1789 • The first United States Congress convenes. • North Carolina becomes the 12th state.

34 Timeline of America the Beautiful © 2020 Notgrass History • Philadelphia becomes the capital of the United States. • Rhode Island becomes the 13th state. 1790 • Federal City in the District of Columbia becomes the permanent U.S. capital. • John Tyler is born in Charles City County, Virginia. • ______(63) • Vermont becomes the 14th state. 1791 • James Buchanan is born in Cove Gap (near Mercersburg), Pennsylvania. • Samuel F. B. Morse is born in Massachusetts.

• Kentucky becomes the 15th state. 1792 • Congress creates the U.S. Mint in Philadelphia.

• ______(31) 1793 • Eli Whitney applies for a patent for his cotton gin.

1794

• James K. Polk is born in Mecklenburg County, North 1795 Carolina.

• Tennessee becomes the 16th state. 1796 Cumberland River, Tennessee

• John Adams is inaugurated as the 2nd President of the United States. • The USS Constitution is launched. 1797 • Spain cedes Mississippi to the United States.

1798

• George Washington dies at Mount Vernon. 1799

• Thomas Jefferson is inaugurated as the 3rd President of the United States. • Chickasaw and Choctaw Nations agree to improvements on the Natchez 1801 Trace. • Thousands gather for a camp meeting at Cane Ridge, Kentucky.

• ______(70) 1802

• The United States purchases the Louisiana Territory from France. 1803 • Ohio becomes the 17th state.

• Lewis and Clark and the Corps of Discovery begin their expedition. • Franklin Pierce is born in Hillsborough, New Hampshire. 1804 • ______(36) • Osage leaders visit President Jefferson in ashington,W D.C. • The Corps of Discovery crosses the Continental Divide of the Rocky Mountains. • ______1805 ______(37)

• ______(39) 1806 • Lewis and Clark and the Corps of Discovery return from their expedition. • Noah Webster publishes a dictionary. • ______(52) 1807 • Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is born in Maine. • Congress passes the Embargo Act of 1807. • Andrew Johnson is born in Raleigh, North Carolina. 1808 • Importing enslaved people from outside the United States becomes illegal.

• Abraham Lincoln is born in Hardin (now LaRue) County, Kentucky. • James Madison is inaugurated as the 4th President of the United States. 1809 • Sequoyah becomes interested in writing.

36 Timeline of America the Beautiful © 2020 Notgrass History • John Philip Sousa takes his civilian band on a world tour. • Glacier National Park is established. 1910 • ______(93) • Ronald Wilson Reagan is born in Tampico, Illinois. • Cars race in the first Indianapolis 500. 1911

• New Mexico becomes the 47th state. 1912 • Arizona becomes the 48th state.

• Richard Milhous Nixon is born in Yorba Linda, California. • Woodrow Wilson is inaugurated as the 28th President of the United States. 1913 • Gerald Rudolph Ford is born in Omaha, Nebraska.

• ______(86) • Tour bus service begins in Glacier National 1914 Park. • The Great War begins in Europe.

• The German navy sinks the Lusitania. 1915 Lusitania in New York, c. 1915 • Norman Rockwell publishes his first Saturday Evening Post cover. • The Piggly Wiggly grocery store opens in Memphis, Tennessee. 1916 • Lincoln Logs are introduced.

• The United States enters the Great War. • John Fitzgerald Kennedy is born in Brookline, Massachusetts. 1917 • Mount McKinley National Park (later part of Denali Nat. Park) is established.

• Billy Graham is born in Charlotte, North Carolina. • ______(91) 1918 • A worldwide flu pandemic begins.

• A conference meets to write the Treaty of Versailles. • ______(95) 1919 • Jackie Robinson is born in Georgia. • U.S. Army convoy crosses the United States on the Lincoln Highway.

• Mammoth Cave National Park is established. • ______1941 ______(106)

• Allied forces gain victories in North Africa. • Special corps for women are established in the U.S. Army and Navy. 1942 • Factories stop producing American cars so they can make war materials. • ______(107) • The Jefferson Memorial is completed. • ______(119) 1943 • ______(148)

• Allies gain victories against Japan in the Pacific. • Allies land in northern France on D-Day. 1944 • Franklin Roosevelt is elected to a fourth term as President. • The U.S. Forest Service begins using “Smokey Bear” to help prevent forest fires. • President Franklin Roosevelt dies in Warm Springs, Georgia. • Harry S. Truman is sworn in as the 33rd President of the United States. 1945 • ______(111) • The United States becomes a charter member of the United Nations. • Nat King Cole records “Get Your Kicks on Route 66.” • Donald John Trump is born in New York City, New York. 1946 • George Walker Bush is born in New Haven, Connecticut. • William Jefferson (Bill) Clinton is born in Hope, Arkansas. • ______(115) • ______1947 ______(122) • ______(137) • America begins the Marshall Plan to help Europe recover from World War II. • The Berlin Airlift begins. 1948 • Harry Truman surprises the nation by winning a bid for re-election. • The Scrabble board game goes on sale. • Billy Graham holds a 8-week evangelistic crusade in Los Angeles. • The cornerstone is laid for the United Nations Headquarters in New York City. 1949

50 Timeline of America the Beautiful © 2020 Notgrass History • ______(62) 1950 • Senator Joseph McCarthy claims that Communists are in the U.S. Government. • President Truman sends American troops to South Korea. • The I Love Lucy television show premiers. • The U.S. Census Bureau receives the UNIVAC, the first commercial electronic 1951 computer.

• Jonas Salk and assistants develop a polio vaccine. • The Mr. Potato Head toy is introduced. 1952

• Dwight Eisenhower is inaugurated as the 34th President of the United States. • Countries involved in the Korean War sign a truce. 1953 • The Baskin-Robbins ice cream company is established.

• The United States Supreme Court declares school segregation unconstitutional. • The phrase “under God” becomes part of the Pledge of Allegiance. 1954 • Elvis Presley begins his recording career at Sun Records in Memphis. • Construction begins on the St. Lawrence Seaway. • Marian Anderson is the first African American singer to perform with the Metropolitan Opera in New York. 1955 • Ray Kroc opens the first McDonald’s Restaurant. • African American Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat to a white rider. • ______(117) 1956 • ______(123) • ______(142)

• Billy Graham holds a 16-week evangelistic crusade at Madison Square Garden. • ______1957 ______(118) • Wham-O begins to sell Frisbees. • Boston residents establish the Freedom Trail. • National Aeronautics and Space Administration is established. 1958 • ______(116) • Wham-O introduces the Hula Hoop toy. • Alaska becomes the 49th state. • Hawaii becomes the 50th state. 1959 • ______(129)

Timeline of America the Beautiful © 2020 Notgrass History 51 • The U.S. Postal Service issues a Sgt. York stamp. • Bill Shepherd is the first American to reside in the International Space Station. • ______(138) 2000

• George W. Bush is inaugurated as the 43rd President of the United States. • ______(141) • The United States and its allies attack terrorist bases inAfghanistan. 2001

• President George W. Bush awards Fred Rogers the Presidential Medal of Freedom. 2002

World War II Memorial, National Mall

• The United States and its allies invade Iraq as part of the war on terrorism. • The United States and its allies capture Saddam Hussein.

2003

• The World War II Memorial in Washington, D.C., opens. • The U.S. Mint introduces the Westward Journey Nickel Series. • The Smithsonian opens the National Museum of the American Indian. • National Underground Railroad Freedom Center opens in Cincinnati, Ohio. 2004

• Shirley Temple Black receives the Life Achievement Award from the Screen Actors Guild.

2006

New Testament in the Gullah language

• ______(9) • Kansas produces 375 million bushels of wheat. 2007

• U.S. struggles through the worst economic recession since the Great Depression.

2008

• Barack Obama is inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States.

2009

2010

• The Atlantis completes the final flight of the U.S. space shuttle program. • National September 11 Memorial opens in New York City.

2011

• Mars Rover Curiosity lands on Mars.

2012

Curosity in Gale Crater on Mars

• ______(80) • Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Monument opens in Church Creek, Maryland. 2013

• On January 7, each of the fifty states had at least one location with temperatures below freezing.

2014

58 Timeline of America the Beautiful © 2020 Notgrass History • ______(149) • The National Park Service opens the Manhattan Project National Historical Park in New Mexico, Tennessee, and Washington. 2015

• The Smithsonian Institution opens the National Museum of African American History and Culture.

2016

• Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument opens in Alabama. • Donald Trump is inaugurated as the 45th President of the United States. • Total solar eclipse crosses the United States with millions watching. • Hurricanes Harvey and Maria impact the United States. 2017

• NASA launches the Parker Solar Probe.

2018

• ______(143) • The House of Representatives impeaches President Donald Trump. 2019

2021

2022

2023

2024

1 Northern lights - Pi-Lens / Shutterstock.com; 16 Joseph Sohm / Shutterstock.com Newfoundland - Nagel Photography / Shutter- 17 Island - Donna Carpenter / Shutterstock.com; stock.com; Cahokia M / Shutterstock.com Powhatan - James Kirkikis / Shutterstock.com 2 Pueblo - Abbie Warnock-Matthews / Shutter- 18 Wikimedia Commons stock.com; Mesa Verde - NatalieJean / Shut- 21 Charlene Notgrass terstock.com 22 DMS Foto / Shutterstock.com 3 Frog bowl - Metropolitan Museum of Art; 23 New York Public Library Etowah mounds - Jeffrey M. Frank / Shutter- 24 Jennifer White Maxwell / Shutterstock.com stock.com; Bandelier - Traveller70 / Shutter- 25 james blair / Wikimedia Commons stock.com 27 Smithsonian American Art Museum 4 Moundville - Donn-beckh / Shutterstock.com; 28 Wikimedia Commons Taos - Smithsonian American Art Museum 30 Wikimedia Commons 5 Taos - Anna Morgan / Shutterstock.com; 33 Library of Congress Cabot - rook76 / Shutterstock.com; Columbus 35 Patrick Jennings / Shutterstock.com - Library of Congress 37 Ronnie Howard / Shutterstock.com 6 Fisherman - Library of Congress; Statue - 38 Wikimedia Commons pandapaw / Shutterstock.com 41 critterbiz / Shutterstock.com 7 Statue - Gualberto Becerra / Shutterstock. 43 Library of Congress com; Ship - Brennan / Shutterstock.com 44 Library of Congress 8 samray / Shutterstock.com 46 Library of Congress 9 Ocmulgee - Jeffrey M. Frank / Shutterstock. 47 Everett Collection/ Shutterstock.com com; De Soto - Rosemarie Mosteller / Shut- 49 Library of Congress terstock.com 50 Library of Congress 10 Smithsonian American Art Museum 52 Peter Pettus / Library of Congress 11 National Park Service 54 Paul Brady Photography / Shutterstock.com 12 Timucua - Lilly Kauffman / Shutterstock.com; 55 National Park Service St. Simon’s - Dorothy Blahnik / Shutterstock. 56 Charlene Notgrass com 57 Smithsonian National Museum of African 13 Charlene Notgrass American History and Culture 14 Charlene Notgrass 58 NASA / JPL-Caltech 15 Joseph Sohm / Shutterstock.com