With a Revision of the Genus Moreno Mello-Leita˜O

Home , Moreno (spider), Prodidomus, San Felipe de Aconcagua, Theuma (spider)

PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024 Number 3499, 31 pp., 94 ®gures November 29, 2005

On the Chilean Spiders of the Family Prodidomidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea), with a Revision of the Genus Moreno Mello-LeitaÄo

NORMAN I. PLATNICK,1 MOHAMMAD U. SHADAB,2 AND LOUIS N. SORKIN3

ABSTRACT Although no members of the spider family Prodidomidae have previously been described from Chile, that country has a substantial, and largely endemic, prodidomid fauna. The Ar- gentine genus Moreno Mello-LeitaÄo is transferred from the Gnaphosidae to the Prodidomidae. Moreno was previously known only from the female holotype of its type species, but two additional species from Argentina and three from Chile are newly described, including the ®rst known males of the genus. Three new genera are described: Chileomma, containing seven new six-eyed species from northern and central Chile; Chilongius, containing ®ve new species from northern Chile; and Chileuma, containing three new species from northern and central Chile. A newly discovered feature on the tarsal claws is hypothesized to be a synapomorphy uniting Moreno and Chilongius with the other South American tricongiine Theuminae.

INTRODUCTION southern hemisphere than in Laurasian areas. The spider family Prodidomidae is wide- In South America, it is represented by such spread, occurring on all continents except genera as Prodidomus Hentz (see Dalmas, Antarctica, but is much more diverse in the 1919, and Cooke, 1964), Zimiris Simon (see

1 Peter J. Solomon Family Curator, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History; Ad- junct Professor, Department of Biology, City College, City University of New York; Adjunct Professor, Department of Entomology, Cornell University; Adjunct Senior Research Scientist, Center for Environmental Research and Con- servation, Columbia University ([email protected]). 2 Senior Scienti®c Assistant, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. 3 Senior Scienti®c Assistant, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History.

Figs. 1±4. Moreno chivato, new species. 1. Juvenile, anterior lateral spinnerets, distal view. 2. Fe- male, same. 3. Female, posterior median spinnerets, distal view. 4. Female, posterior lateral spinnerets, distal view.

Platnick and Penney, 2004), Neozimiris Si- by the North American arachnologist, Dr. Al- mon (see Platnick and Shadab, 1976), Ly- lan Archer. Over the past 25 years, the ®rst gromma Simon (see Platnick and Shadab, author and various colleagues have made 1976), Tricongius Simon (see Platnick and several collecting trips to Chile, in search of HoÈfer, 1990), and Oltacloea Mello-LeitaÄo prodidomids as well as other taxa, and we (see Platnick, 1986). report here on the results of those expedi- Although no prodidomids have been de- tions. scribed from Chile, a few specimens that With this new material in hand, it is clear seemed to belong to the family were found that Chile actually harbors a substantial pro- in Chilean collections made in the 1950's and didomid fauna, including representatives of 1960's by two Californian entomologists, at least ®ve genera. One is the widespread Drs. Edward Ross and Evert Schlinger, and genus Prodidomus, which appears to be rep- 2005 PLATNICK ET AL.: CHILEAN PRODIDOMIDAE 3 resented in Chile only by its synanthropic otized ring enables the higher gnaphosoids to type species, P. rufus Hentz. That species, expand the soft cuticle surrounding those and its distribution and synonyms, are dis- spigots. Prodidomids differ from lamponids cussed in detail in Platnick and Baehr (in in having enlarged piriform gland spigots press), and our focus here is instead on the that are much larger than the major ampullate endemic Chilean members of the family. gland spigots, and from true gnaphosids in Those taxa belong not to the Prodidominae having those piriform gland spigots greatly but to a group that has often mistakenly been elongated (with long bases bearing short referred to as the Anagraphidinae; as detailed shafts) rather than widened, and accompa- in Platnick and Baehr (in press), the Old nied at their base by long, plumose setae World type genus of that subfamilial name is (Platnick, 1990, 2000, 2002). misplaced in the Prodidomidae, and the New World ``anagraphidines'' (i.e., Lygromma, KEY TO SUBFAMILIES AND GENERA OF Tricongius, and Oltacloea) actually belong to CHILEAN PRODIDOMIDAE the subfamily Theuminae. 1. Posterior eye row very strongly procurved, so As is typically the case for spider groups much so that the eyes of each side appear that have speciated within Chile, the theu- to form a single row together with the an- mine fauna seems to be entirely distinct, at terior lateral eyes; posterior lateral spinner- the generic level, from that found in tropical ets greatly enlarged, much larger than other South America, but does show some trans- spinnerets ...... Andean connections with Argentine taxa. In . . Prodidominae, Prodidomus rufus Hentz this case, one of the four genera discussed Ð Posterior eye row normal, not so strongly below is known to occur also in Argentina, procurved; posterior lateral spinnerets no where a female of one species was described larger than anterior lateral spinnerets ...... Theuminae, 2 (in a monotypic genus in the Gnaphosidae) 2. Abdomen with clavate setae (®g. 31) ...... as Moreno morenoi by Mello-LeitaÄo (1940)...... Moreno The relationships and placement of Moreno Ð Abdomen without clavate setae ...... 3 are discussed in detail below. 3. Six eyes ...... Chileomma Specimens have been examined from the Ð Eight eyes ...... 4 collections of the American Museum of Nat- 4. Tarsal claws dentate ...... Chilongius ural History (AMNH), California Academy Ð Tarsal claws smooth ...... Chileuma of Sciences (CAS), Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN), and Museo de Moreno Mello-LeitaÄo La Plata (MLP). All measurements are in millimeters; epigyna were examined in clove Moreno Mello-LeitaÄo, 1940: 47 (type species by oil to allow detailed tracing of their elaborate original designation Moreno morenoi Mello- ducts. Chilean locality records are ordered LeitaÄo, 1940). geographically, by regions and provinces, ar- DIAGNOSIS: Specimens of Moreno can eas- ranged from north to south. ily be distinguished from those of the other New World prodidomid genera by the pres- SYSTEMATICS ence of large, clavate, translucent setae on the abdominal dorsum (®g. 31; Mello-LeitaÄo, FAMILY PRODIDOMIDAE 1940, ®g. 49). DIAGNOSIS: Prodidomids are ``higher gna- PLACEMENT: Mello-LeitaÄo (1940) de- phosoids'', resembling the Lamponidae and scribed Moreno as a member of the Gna- Gnaphosidae (rather than the Ammoxenidae, phosidae, but placed it only within the ill- Cithaeronidae, Gallieniellidae, or Trochanter- de®ned ``Drassoidinarum'', and Roewer iidae) in having the anterior lateral spinnerets (1955) retained the genus within the Dras- composed of a single article. In the ``lower sodinae by default. However, the morpholo- gnaphosoid'' families, a separate distal seg- gy of the piriform gland spigots on the an- ment is represented by a complete sclerotized terior lateral spinnerets indicates that these ring surrounding the spigots on the anterior spiders are prodidomids rather than gnapho- lateral spinnerets. The loss of the distal scler- sids. Although few in number, the piriform 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3499 gland spigots are elongated rather than wid- curved, from front, anterior row recurved, ened, with long bases and short shafts, and posterior row slightly procurved; anterior are accompanied by at least one long seta at medians separated by slightly more than their their base (®gs. 1, 2). Within the Prodidomi- diameter, almost touching anterior laterals; dae, the morphology of both the sternum and posterior medians separated by about their the epigynum supports the placement of the maximum width, almost touching posterior genus within the Theuminae. The sternum laterals; anterior and posterior laterals sepa- has a large protrusion between the fourth rated by less than their radius; median ocular coxae that lacks the rebordered margin found quadrangle wider in back than in front, about on the sternal sides but bears numerous long, as long as wide in back. Chelicerae vertical, erect setae; the epigynum has highly convo- not divergent, paturon without boss, promar- luted ducts. gin with row of long, curved setae, seta clos- RELATIONSHIPS: The tarsal claws of More- est to fang base greatly elongated, distinctly no are unusual, in that they bear both a series bent toward midline at about one-eighth its of normal teeth and a set of closely spaced length; promargin with three teeth, retromar- teeth situated at the base of each claw (®g. gin with two denticles, fang short, not 5). These closely spaced teeth are strongly arched; chilum indistinct, apparently unipar- arched, and are apparently used to grasp a tite, triangular. Labium wider than long, wid- short, specialized seta that originates just est posteriorly, along procurved posterior dorsally of the much longer claw tuft setae margin; anterior margin strongly rebordered. (®g. 6). Scanning electron microscopy of the Endites short, convergent anteriorly, bent and claws of representatives of the new genera obliquely depressed near anterior margin of Chileomma and Chileuma, as well as of labium; serrula apparently absent (but ab- Theuma, Lygromma, and Tivodrassus, has sence not con®rmed by scanning electron mi- revealed no similar specializations, and Dr. croscopy). Sternum shield-shaped, ¯at, with Barbara Baehr has con®rmed (in litt.) that strongly rebordered lateral margins but re- they also do not occur in any of the Austra- bordering abruptly absent along distinct pos- lian molycriine genera. However, apparently terior protrusion between coxae IV, not ex- homologous basal teeth do occur on the panded anteriorly, with only indistinct exten- claws of Chilongius (®gs. 7, 8) and an un- sions between coxae but with large, trian- described Argentine prodidomid that appears gular extensions to middle of coxae; surface to be closest to Tricongius (®gs. 9, 10). Al- smooth, with long setae, posterior protrusion though we have no specimens of Tricongius with numerous long, erect setae, widely sep- available for scanning, we hypothesize that arating coxae IV. Single epimeric sclerite on these specialized teeth and setae will be each side, above coxae, not extending be- found to occur in that genus as well, and that tween coxae, not fused to carapace. Pedicel the character will prove to be synapomorphic composed of two dorsal sclerites (both scler- for this set of taxa. If that hypothesis is cor- ites excavated anteriorly) and sclerotized, tri- rect, the tribal name Tricongiini, based on Si- angular ventral sclerite almost reaching pos- mon's (1893) group Tricongieae, would be terior tip of sternum. available for this group of genera. Abdominal dorsum without anterior scu- DESCRIPTION: Small spiders, total length tum in either sex; cuticle with long, recum- 1.8±2.7. Carapace oval, narrowed in front to bent setae, dorsum also with large, clavate, half its maximum width, with only anterior translucent setae (®g. 31); epigastric scutum margin heavily sclerotized, posterior margin weakly sclerotized, without postepigastric invaginated at pedicel, not re¯exed; surface sclerites, booklung covers not ridged; colulus coated with recumbent, light setae, without represented by paired clusters of setae orig- tubercles; thoracic groove short, shallow, inating about halfway between anterior lat- longitudinal. Eight subequal eyes in two eral spinnerets and wide, straight posterior rows, anterior medians circular, dark, other spiracle. Six spinnerets, anterior laterals eyes oval, light, posterior medians ¯at, irreg- moderately elongated, widely separated, not ularly rectangular; from above, anterior eye advanced anteriorly, with elongate ventral tu- row recurved, posterior row slightly re- bercle arising near cuticle of basal segment, 2005 PLATNICK ET AL.: CHILEAN PRODIDOMIDAE 5

Figs. 5±10. 5, 6. Moreno chivato, new species. 7, 8. Chilongius palmas, new species. 9, 10. Un- described prodidomid from IguazuÂ, Misiones, Argentina. 5, 7, 9. Tarsus IV of female, lateral view, showing normal, distal claw teeth and specialized, proximal claw teeth. 6, 8, 10. Specialized claw teeth and the specialized seta they interlock with. bearing major ampullate gland spigots (®gs. closely clustered at tip, cluster apparently 1, 2), soft portions of cuticle bearing few pir- consisting of one large cylindrical gland iform gland spigots with elongated bases, spigot, one minor ampullate gland spigot short shafts, and at least one accompanying with narrow shaft, and two or three aciniform seta (®gs. 1, 2); female posterior medians gland spigots (®g. 3); female posterior lat- small, narrow, contiguous, with spigots erals apparently with one large cylindrical 6 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3499 gland spigot, one minor ampullate gland pace and mouthparts light yellow except for spigot with narrow shaft, and two aciniform black patch surrounding anterior median gland spigots (®g. 4). eyes, sternum paler, abdomen white, legs Leg formula 4123, legs short, coated with light yellow. Leg spination: femora: II p0-0- erect, dark setae; coxae and trochanters with- 0; III p0-0-0, r0-0-0; IV p0-0-0; tibiae: I v4- out dorsal tubercles, fourth trochanters only 4-2; II v0-4-2; III d1-1-0, p0-0-1, v0-1p-1p, slightly elongated; anterior coxae without r0-0-1; IV d1-1-0, p0-0-1, v0-1p-2, r0-0-1; protuberant posterolateral corners; trochan- metatarsi: I v2-2-2; II v2-1p-1p; III p0-0-1, ters not notched; metatarsi and tarsi without v0-0-0, r0-0-1; IV p0-0-0, v0-1p-2, r0-0-0. scopula; posterior metatarsi without distal Epigynal openings circular, situated anterior preening brushes; tarsi without cuticular of laterally divided median septum (®g. 11); cracks, with two long claws bearing normal lateral ducts large, sausage-shaped (®g. 12). teeth and more proximal set of closely MATERIAL EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: spaced, proximally directed teeth, most prox- Buenos Aires: Cerro Negro, Sierra de La imal of which clasps base of modi®ed seta Ventana, Sept. 29±Oct. 2, 1972 (M. Galiano, (®gs. 5, 6), claw tufts composed of few, dis- MACN), 1&; Tandil, Dec. 1938 (M. BirabeÂn, tally widened setae; dorsal surface of tarsi MLP 14.365), 1& (holotype). with unmodi®ed proximal margin; tricho- DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the Sierra bothria apparently few, in two rows dorsally de La Ventana in Buenos Aires province, Ar- on all tarsi and metatarsi. Female palpal fe- gentina; these mountains are also the home mur, patella, tibia, and tarsus with several of the only known South American mecico- short spines, tarsus short, not enlarged dis- bothriid spider, Mecicobothrium thorelli tally, without distodorsal pad of setae, ap- Holmberg (see Gertsch and Platnick, 1979). parently without claw. Leg spines of males longer than those of females; typical leg spi- Moreno ramirezi, new species nation pattern (only surfaces bearing spines Figures 15±18 listed): femora: I, II d1-1-0, p0-0-1; III, IV d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; tibiae: I, II v2-2-0; TYPE: Male holotype from Refugio Caa- III, IV d1-0-0, p0-1-1, v2-2-2, r0-1-1; meta- PoraÂ, Parque Provincial UruguaõÂ,3kmW tarsi: I, II v2-0-0; III, IV p0-1-2, v2-0-0, r0- Deseado, Misiones, Argentina (Feb. 14±15, 1-2. 1995; M. RamõÂrez), deposited in MACN. Male palpal tibia with bi®d retrolateral ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name is a pa- apophysis, ventral prong much shorter than tronym in honor of the collector of all the dorsal prong; embolus short, originating known specimens of this species, Dr. MartõÂn prodistally, accompanied by transparent con- RamõÂrez. ductor (often dif®cult to observe, unless palp DIAGNOSIS: Males can be recognized by is at least partially expanded); median apo- the relatively short dorsal prong on the retro- physis distinctly twisted. Epigynum with lateral tibial apophysis, the deep notch be- conspicuous, posterior openings; ducts high- tween the dorsal and ventral prongs on that ly convoluted. apophysis, and the long-necked median apophysis (®gs. 15, 16), females by the nar- Moreno morenoi Mello-LeitaÄo row anterior loops of the epigynal ducts (®gs. Figures 11, 12 17, 18). MALE: Total length 1.80. Carapace 0.88 Moreno morenoi Mello-LeitaÄo, 1940: 47, ®gs. long, 0.65 wide. Femur II 0.58 long. Color- 46±49 (female holotype from Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina, in MLP, examined). ation as in M. morenoi. Leg spination: femora: II p0-0-0; III, IV p0-0-0, r0-0-0; tibiae: DIAGNOSIS: Males are unknown; females I v4-4-2; II v2-2-2; III d0-0-0, p0-0-1, v0- have large, sausage-shaped lateral epigynal 1p-2, r0-0-1; IV d0-0-0, p0-0-1, v0-2-2; ducts (®gs. 11, 12). metatarsi: I v2-2-2; II v2-2-0; III p0-0-1, v2- MALE: Unknown. 0-2, r0-0-1; IV p0-0-1, r0-0-1. Retrolateral FEMALE: Total length 2.62. Carapace 1.01 tibial apophysis with relatively short dorsal long, 0.79 wide. Femur II 0.66 long. Cara- prong separated from ventral prong by deep 2005 PLATNICK ET AL.: CHILEAN PRODIDOMIDAE 7

Figs. 11±14 11, 12. Moreno morenoi Mello-LeitaÄo, female epigynum. 13, 14. Moreno neuquen, new species, same. 11, 13. Ventral view. 12, 14. Dorsal view. notch (®g. 16); median apophysis relatively San Pedro, Oct. 27±29, 1995 (M. RamõÂrez, long, with long neck (®g. 15). MACN), 1(. FEMALE: Total length 2.25. Carapace 0.95 DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Misiones, long, 0.68 wide. Femur II 0.64 long. Color- Argentina. ation as in M. morenoi. Leg spination: femora: I, II p0-0-0; III, IV p0-0-0, r0-0-0; tibiae: Moreno neuquen, new species I v4-4-0; II 2-4-0; III, IV d0-0-0, p0-0-1, v0- Figures 13, 14 2-2, r0-0-1; metatarsi: I, II v2-2-2; III, IV p0- TYPE: Female holotype from NeuqueÂn, Ar- 0-1, v1p-0-0, r0-0-1. Epigynal ducts gentina (Sept. 1973; Ferrarris), deposited in relatively narrow, especially along anterior MACN. loop (®gs. 17, 18). ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name is a noun OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: ARGENTI- in apposition taken from the type locality. NA: Misiones: INTA San Vicente, 10 km N DIAGNOSIS: Males are unknown, but fe- San Vicente, Jan. 26, 1997 (M. RamõÂrez, males can be recognized by relatively simple MACN), 1&; Parque Nacional IguazuÂ, Oct. epigynal ducts (®gs. 13, 14). 23±26, 1995, Berlese (M. RamõÂrez, MACN), MALE: Unknown. 1(; Parque Provincial Cruce Caballero, NE FEMALE: Total length 2.66. Carapace 0.91 8 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3499

Figs. 15±18. Moreno ramirezi, new species. 15. Left male palp, ventral view. 16. Same, retrolateral view. 17. Epigynum, ventral view. 18. Same, dorsal view. long, 0.73 wide. Femur II 0.57 long. Color- retrolateral tibial apophysis (®g. 20), but dif- ation as in M. morenoi. Leg spination: fem- fer in having a relatively short, short-necked ora: I d1-0-0, p0-0-0; II p0-0-0; III, IV p0- median apophysis (®g. 19); females also re- 0-0, r0-0-0; tibiae: III, IV d0-0-0, p0-0-1, v0- semble those of M. chivato in the shape of 2-2, r0-0-1; metatarsi: III, IV p0-0-1, r0-0-1. the posterior epigynal septum and openings Epigynal ducts relatively simple, with only (®g. 21) but differ in having longer, dorsally median and paramedian components (®gs. elevated median ducts (®g. 22). 13, 14; although it is possible that lateral MALE: Total length 1.94. Carapace 0.92 components have been lost in preparation, long, 0.71 wide. Femur II 0.59 long. Color- this does not appear to be the case). ation as in M. morenoi. Leg spination: fem- OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: None. ora: I, II p0-0-0; III, IV p0-0-0, r0-0-0; tibiae: DISTRIBUTION: Known only from NeuqueÂn, III, IV p0-0-1, v2-0-2; metatarsi: I, II v2-4- Argentina. 0; III, IV v1p-0-0. Retrolateral tibial apophysis with short ventral prong bearing distal Moreno chacabuco, new species denticle, shallowly separated from long dor- Figures 19±22 sal prong (®g. 20); median apophysis rela- TYPE: Female holotype taken at an eleva- tively short, with short neck (®g. 19). tion of 1235 m on a dry mountainside with FEMALE: Total length 2.65. Carapace 0.92 acacias on the north side of Cuesta de Cha- long, 0.73 wide. Femur II 0.76 long. Color- cabuco, Chacabuco, RegioÂn Metropolitana ation as in M. morenoi. Leg spination: fem- de Santiago, Chile (Jan. 14, 1985; N. Plat- ora: I, II p0-0-0; III, IV p0-0-0, r0-0-0; tibiae: nick, O. Francke), deposited in AMNH. I v4-4-0; metatarsi: I v4-4-2; II v4-4-0. Me- ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name is a noun dian epigynal ducts relatively long (®g. 21), in apposition taken from the type locality. dorsally elevated for about half their length DIAGNOSIS: Males resemble those of M. (®g. 22). chivato in having only a shallow notch be- OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: CHILE: Re- tween the dorsal and ventral prongs of the gioÂn de ValparaõÂso (V): San Felipe de 2005 PLATNICK ET AL.: CHILEAN PRODIDOMIDAE 9

Figs. 19±22. Moreno chacabuco, new species. 19. Left male palp, ventral view. 20. Same, retrolateral view. 21. Epigynum, ventral view. 22. Same, dorsal view.

Aconcagua: Palmas de Ocoa, Parque Na- MALE: Total length 2.18. Carapace 0.88 cional La Campana, May 17, 1985, pitfalls, long, 0.66 wide. Femur II 0.58 long. Color- burned site (R. CalderoÂn, AMNH), 2(. ation as in M. morenoi. Leg spination: fem- DISTRIBUTION: Known only from central ora: II p0-0-0; IV p0-0-0; tibiae: I, II v0-1r- Chile (regions V and Santiago). 0; III d0-0-0, p0-0-1, v0-1p-0, r0-0-1; IV v1p-1p-2; metatarsi: III, IV p0-0-1, r0-0-1. Moreno chivato, new species Retrolateral tibial apophysis with short ven- Figures 1±6, 23±26, 31 tral prong separated from long dorsal prong only by ledge (®g. 24); median apophysis TYPE: Female holotype taken at an elevation of 10 m at Quebrada del Chivato, 1 km relatively long, with long neck (®g. 23). S Los Molles, Petorca, RegioÂn de ValparaõÂso FEMALE: Total length 2.64. Carapace 1.10 (V), Chile (Oct. 2, 1992; N. Platnick, P. Go- long, 0.87 wide. Femur II 0.65 long. Color- loboff, K. Catley), deposited in AMNH. ation as in M. morenoi. Leg spination: fem- ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name is a noun ora: II p0-0-0; III, IV p0-0-0, r0-0-0; tibiae: in apposition taken from the type locality. I v2-4-2; II v0-1r-0; III d0-0-0, v0-2-2, r0-1- DIAGNOSIS: Males resemble those of M. 0; IV v0-2-2; metatarsi: I, II v2-4-0; III p0- chacabuco in having only a shallow notch 0-1, r0-0-1; IV p0-0-2, r0-0-1. Median epi- between the dorsal and ventral prongs of the gynal ducts relatively short (®g. 25), not dor- retrolateral tibial apophysis (®g. 24), but dif- sally elevated (®g. 26). fer in having a relatively long, long-necked OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: CHILE: Re- median apophysis (®g. 23); females also re- gioÂn de ValparaõÂso (V): Petorca: Quebrada semble those of M. chacabuco in the shape del Chivato, 1 km S Los Molles, Oct. 30, of the posterior epigynal septum and open- 1988 (P. Goloboff, E. Maury, C. Szumik, ings (®g. 25) but differ in having shorter, MACN), 1(,4&, Oct. 2, 1992, elev. 10 m dorsally unelevated median ducts (®g. 26). (N. Platnick, P. Goloboff, K. Catley, 10 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3499

Figs. 23±26. Moreno chivato, new species. 23. Left male palp, ventral view. 24. Same, retrolateral view. 25. Epigynum, ventral view. 26. Same, dorsal view.

AMNH), 1&; Quebrada Huaquen, Pichicuy, and anteriorly expanded median epigynal Oct. 16, 1992, elev. 10 m (N. Platnick, P. ducts (®g. 30). Goloboff, K. Catley, AMNH), 1&; Zapallar, MALE: Total length 2.41. Carapace 0.94 Nov. 27, 1950 (E. Ross, Michelbacher, long, 0.71 wide. Femur II 0.57 long. Color- CAS), 1&; 4 km S Zapallar, 32Њ33ЈS, ation as in M. morenoi. Leg spination: fem- 71Њ28ЈW, July 17, 1966, coastal slope (E. ora: II p0-0-0; III p0-0-0, r0-0-0; IV p0-0-0; Schlinger, M. Irwin, CAS), 1(,1&. tibiae: II v1p-1p-2; III v0-1p-2; IV v1p-1p- DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Petorca 2; metatarsi: III, IV p0-1-1, v1p-0-0, r0-1-1. province in RegioÂn de ValparaõÂso (V), Chile. Dorsal and ventral prongs of retrolateral tibial apophysis separated by deep but narrow Moreno grande, new species notch (®g. 28); median apophysis relatively Figures 27±30 wide (®g. 27). TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype FEMALE: Total length 2.22. Carapace 0.99 taken at an elevation of 20 m on a beach 6 long, 0.67 wide. Femur II 0.64 long. Color- km south of Cruz Grande, Elqui, RegioÂn de ation as in M. morenoi. Leg spination: fem- Coquimbo (IV), Chile (Oct. 7, 1992; N. Plat- ora: II p0-0-0; III, IV p0-0-0, r0-0-0; tibiae: nick, P. Goloboff, K. Catley), deposited in I v1p-2-2; II p0-0-1; III, IV v1p-1p-2; meta- AMNH. tarsi: III p0-1-1, v1p-0-0, r0-1-1; IV p0-1-1, ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name is a noun v1p-1p-0, r0-1-1. Anterior margin of epigyn- in apposition taken from the type locality. al septum produced posteriorly along midline DIAGNOSIS: Males can be recognized by (®g. 29); median epigynal ducts expanded the deep but narrow notch between the dorsal anteriorly (®g. 30). and ventral prongs of the retrolateral tibial OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: CHILE: Re- apophysis (®g. 28), females by the posteri- gioÂn de Atacama (III): CopiapoÂ: 30 km S orly produced anterior septal margin (®g. 29) CopiapoÂ on Route 5, Oct. 9, 1992, elev. 520 2005 PLATNICK ET AL.: CHILEAN PRODIDOMIDAE 11

Figs. 27±30. Moreno grande, new species. 27. Left male palp, ventral view. 28. Same, retrolateral view. 29. Epigynum, ventral view. 30. Same, dorsal view.

m (N. Platnick, P. Goloboff, K. Catley, readily separates members of this genus from AMNH), 2&; Quebrada de LeoÂn, N Caldera, all other southern South American prodi- Oct. 10, 1991, elev. 140 m (N. Platnick, P. domids. Elsewhere in the New World, some Goloboff, K. Catley, AMNH), 1(,1&. Re- species of Lygromma also have only six eyes gioÂn de Coquimbo (IV): Elqui: beach 6 km (others have eight or none), but males of that S Cruz Grande, Oct. 7, 1992, elev. 20 m (N. genus have a retrolateral tibial apophysis Platnick, P. Goloboff, K. Catley, AMNH), consisting of multiple, short prongs, rather 1(; El Pangue, 20 km S VicunÄa, Oct. 4, than a single long prong, and females lack 1992, elev. 1500 m (N. Platnick, P. Goloboff, the anterior epigynal atrium characteristic of K. Catley, AMNH), 1&; La Herradura, Oct. Chileomma. 4, 1992, elev. 60 m (N. Platnick, P. Goloboff, DESCRIPTION: Small spiders, total length K. Catley, AMNH), 1&; 20 km N La Serena 1.7±2.6. Carapace oval, narrowed in front to on Route 5, km 491, 29Њ46ЈS, 71Њ20ЈW, Feb. about half its maximum width, with margins 8, 1994, elev. 120 m (N. Platnick, K. Catley, heavily sclerotized only at anterolateral cor- R. CalderoÂn, R. Allen, AMNH), 2(,1&. ners, posterior margin slightly invaginated at DISTRIBUTION: Known only from northern pedicel, not re¯exed; surface with few, short Chile (regions III and IV). setae, without tubercles; thoracic groove short, shallow, longitudinal. Six light eyes, Chileomma, new genus anterior median pair missing, anterior laterals TYPE SPECIES: Chileomma ruiles, new spe- largest, oval, posterior medians smallest, ¯at, cies. irregularly rectangular, anterior laterals oval, ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is a con- light; from above, posterior row straight or traction of Chilean Lygromma, neuter in gen- slightly recurved, from front, posterior row der. slightly procurved; anterior laterals separated DIAGNOSIS: The presence of only six eyes by slightly more than their diameter, by about 12 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3499

Figs. 31±34. 31. Moreno chivato, new species, female abdomen, dorsal view, showing normal and clavate setae. 32±34. Chileomma franckei, new species, female. 32. Anterior lateral spinnerets, distal view. 33. Posterior median spinnerets, distal view. 34. Posterior lateral spinnerets, distal view. their radius from posterior medians and lat- long, arched; chilum indistinct, apparently erals; posterior medians separated by almost unipartite, triangular. Labium about as long twice their maximum width, slightly closer as wide, widest posteriorly, along recurved to posterior laterals. Chelicerae vertical, not posterior margin; anterior margin strongly re- divergent, paturon with lightly sclerotized bordered. Endites moderately long, conver- boss, promargin with row of long, curved se- gent anteriorly, bent and obliquely depressed tae, seta closest to fang base greatly elongat- near anterior margin of labium; serrula pres- ed, distinctly bent toward midline at about ent. Sternum shield-shaped, ¯at, with strong- one-eighth its length; promargin with three ly rebordered lateral margins but rebordering very short teeth, retromargin with row of abruptly absent along distinct posterior pro- very tiny denticles opposite fang tip, fang trusion between coxae IV, not expanded an- 2005 PLATNICK ET AL.: CHILEAN PRODIDOMIDAE 13

Figs. 35±38. Chileomma ruiles, new species. 35. Left male palp, ventral view. 36. Same, retrolateral view. 37. Epigynum, ventral view. 38. Same, dorsal view.

teriorly, with only indistinct extensions be- ventral tubercle arising near cuticle of basal tween coxae but with small, triangular exten- segment, apparently bearing single major sions to middle of coxae; surface smooth, ampullate gland spigot, soft portions of cu- with long setae, posterior protrusion with nu- ticle bearing few piriform gland spigots with merous long, erect setae, widely separating elongated bases, short shafts, and at least one coxae IV. Single epimeric sclerite on each accompanying seta (®g. 32); female posterior side, above coxae, not extending between medians small, narrow, contiguous, with coxae, not fused to carapace. Pedicel com- spigots closely clustered at tip, cluster ap- posed of two dorsal sclerites (both sclerites parently consisting of about four large cylin- excavated anteriorly) and sclerotized, trian- drical gland spigots, two minor ampullate gular ventral sclerite almost reaching poste- gland spigots with long shafts, and three or rior tip of sternum. four aciniform gland spigots with narrow Abdominal dorsum without anterior scu- shafts (®g. 33); female posterior laterals ap- tum in either sex, with pair of deep sigilla at parently with at least one large cylindrical about half of length; cuticle with long, re- gland spigot and two aciniform gland spigots cumbent setae, without clavate setae; epigas- (®g. 34). tric scutum weakly sclerotized, without post- Leg formula 1423, legs long, anterior pair epigastric sclerites, booklung covers not greatly elongated, especially in males, with ridged; colulus represented by paired clusters erect, dark setae; coxae and trochanters with- of setae originating about halfway between out dorsal tubercles, fourth trochanters only anterior lateral spinnerets and wide, straight slightly elongated; anterior coxae without posterior spiracle. Six spinnerets, anterior lat- protuberant posterolateral corners; trochan- erals moderately elongated, widely separat- ters not notched; metatarsi and tarsi without ed, not advanced anteriorly, with elongate scopula; posterior metatarsi without distal 14 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3499

Figs. 39±42. Chileomma chilensis, new species. 39. Left male palp, ventral view. 40. Same, retrolateral view. 41. Epigynum, ventral view. 42. Same, dorsal view.

preening brushes; tarsi without cuticular Chileomma ruiles, new species cracks, with two long claws bearing two Figures 35±38 small teeth, claw tufts composed of very few, TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype distally widened setae; dorsal surface of tarsi taken at an elevation of 160 m in the Reserva with unmodi®ed proximal margin; tricho- Nacional Los Ruiles, Cauquenes, RegioÂn del bothria apparently few, in two rows dorsally Maule (VII), Chile (Feb. 25, 1992; N. Plat- on all tarsi and metatarsi. Female palpal fe- nick, P. Goloboff, M. RamõÂrez), deposited in mur, patella, tibia, and tarsus with several AMNH. short spines, tarsus short, not enlarged dis- ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name is a noun tally, without distodorsal pad of setae, with in apposition taken from the type locality. short, apparently smooth claw. Leg spines of DIAGNOSIS: Males can easily be recognized males not longer than those of females; typ- by the whip-shaped tip of the retrolateral tib- ical leg spination pattern (only surfaces bear- ial apophysis (®g. 36), females by the round- ing spines listed): femora: I d1-1-0, p0-0-1; ed epigynal atrium (®g. 37) and laterally sit- II-IV d1-1-0; tibiae: I v6-6-4; II v6-4-4; III, uated ducts (®g. 38). IV d0-1-0, p0-1-1, v2-2-2, r0-1-1; metatarsi: MALE: Total length 2.18. Carapace 1.06 I, II v4-2-2; III, IV p0-1-1, v2-0-2, r0-1-1. long, 0.72 wide. Femur II 0.84 long. Cara- Male palpal tibia with long retrolateral pace and mouthparts light yellow except for apophysis; embolus short, originating prodis- black patch uniting triad of eyes of each side, tally, accompanied by transparent conductor sternum paler, abdomen white, legs light yel- (often dif®cult to observe, unless palp is at low. Leg spination: tibia IV d1-1-0, v1p-2-2. least partially expanded); median apophysis Retrolateral tibial apophysis with whip- hook-shaped. Epigynum with conspicuous, shaped tip (®g. 36); embolus relatively wide anteromedian atrium; ducts highly convolut- (®g. 35). ed. FEMALE: Total length 2.19. Carapace 1.08 2005 PLATNICK ET AL.: CHILEAN PRODIDOMIDAE 15

Figs. 43±46. Chileomma malleco, new species. 43. Left male palp, ventral view. 44. Same, retrolateral view. 45. Epigynum, ventral view. 46. Epigynum, dorsal view.

long, 0.79 wide. Femur II 0.82 long. Color- (®g. 41) and anterolaterally elongated ducts ation as in male. Leg spination: tibiae: I v6- (®g. 42). 6-2; II v4-4-4; III v1p-2-2; IV d1-1-0, v1p- MALE: Total length 2.38. Carapace 0.98 2-2; metatarsi: II v2-2-2. Epigynal atrium long, 0.66 wide. Femur II 0.73 long. Color- rounded (®g. 37); ducts situated laterally (®g. ation as in C. ruiles. Leg spination: tibiae: I 38). v6-4-4; II v4-4-2; III, IV v1p-2-2; metatarsi: OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: Two males III r0-1-0. Retrolateral tibial apophysis taken with the types (AMNH). reaching almost to tip of cymbium, relatively DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type narrow at base (®g. 40); embolus relatively locality in central Chile. narrow (®g. 39). FEMALE: Total length 2.53. Carapace 1.06 Chileomma chilensis, new species long, 0.87 wide. Femur II 0.71 long. Color- Figures 39±42 ation as in C. ruiles. Leg spination: tibiae: I v6-4-4; II v4-4-2; III v1p-2-2; IV d1-1-0, TYPE: Male holotype taken in a xerophytic v1p-2-2; metatarsi III, IV r0-1-0. Epigynal forest at an elevation of 200 m 8 km W Flor- atrium relatively short (®g. 41); ducts antero- ida, 36Њ49ЈS, 72Њ44ЈW, ConcepcioÂn, RegioÂn laterally elongated (®g. 42). del BõÂo-BõÂo (VIII), Chile (Jan. 18, 1995; N. OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: CHILE: Re- Platnick, K. Catley, D. Silva), deposited in gioÂn del BõÂo-BõÂo (VIII): ConcepcioÂn: 8.4 AMNH. km W La Florida, Jan. 2, 1983, Berlese, leaf ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name refers to and log litter, subtropical xerophytic forest, the type locality. elev. 170 m (A. Newton, M. Thayer, DIAGNOSIS: Males can easily be recognized AMNH), 1&. by the relatively narrow embolus (®g. 39), DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Concep- females by the short, wide epigynal atrium cioÂn, Chile. 16 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3499

Figs. 47, 48. Chileomma franckei, new species. 47. Epigynum, ventral view. 48. Epigynum, dorsal view.

Chileomma malleco, new species L. Compagnucci, G. Grismado, L. Lopardo, Figures 43±46 MACN 10596), 1(, Feb. 10±11, 2005, Ber- lese, elev. 360 m (M. RamõÂrez, F. Labarque, TYPE: Female holotype taken at an eleva- MACN ARAMR000193), 1&. tion of 740 m at Alto Caledonia, 42 km E DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Malleco, Mulchen, Malleco, RegioÂn de La AraucanõÂa Chile. (IX), Chile (Feb. 14, 1992; N. Platnick, P. Goloboff, M. RamõÂrez), deposited in AMNH. Chileomma campana, new species ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name is a noun Figures 49±52 in apposition taken from the type locality. DIAGNOSIS: Males resemble those of C. TYPE: Female holotype taken in a hygro- chilensis but have a proximally wider retro- phyll forest at an elevation of 1000 m at Cer- lateral tibial apophysis (®g. 44) and a shorter ro de La Campana, San Felipe de Aconca- median apophysis (®g. 43); females can be gua, RegioÂn de ValparaõÂso (V), Chile (Dec. recognized by the wide epigynal atrium (®g. 11, 1979; G. Betancourt), deposited in 45) and posteriorly situated ducts (®g. 46). AMNH. MALE: Total length 2.02. Carapace 0.95 ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name is a noun long, 0.77 wide. Femur II 0.69 long. Color- in apposition taken from the type locality. ation as in C. ruiles. Leg spination: tibiae: I DIAGNOSIS: Males can easily be recognized v4-4-4; II v4-4-2; III v1p-2-2; IV d1-1-0, by the prolaterally extended embolus tip (®g. v1p-2-2; metatarsi: I, II v2-2-2. Retrolateral 49), females by the short epigynal atrium and tibial apophysis reaching almost to tip of anteriorly expanded lateral epigynal ducts cymbium, relatively wide at base (®g. 44); (®gs. 51, 52). median apophysis relatively short (®g. 43). MALE: Total length 2.27. Carapace 0.97 FEMALE: Total length 2.52. Carapace 1.15 long, 0.77 wide. Femur II 0.70 long. Color- long, 0.81 wide. Femur II 0.86 long. Color- ation as in C. ruiles. Leg spination (leg I ation as in C. ruiles. Leg spination: tibiae: I, missing): tibiae: II v6-4-4; III v1p-2-2, r0-1- II v6-4-2; III v1p-2-2; IV d1-1-0, v1p-2-2; 0; IV v1p-2-2; metatarsi: III p0-0-1; IV r0- metatarsi: II v2-2-2; IV r0-1-0. Epigynal atri- 1-0. Retrolateral tibial apophysis angular, um very wide (®g. 45); ducts restricted to reaching to about half of cymbial length (®g. posterior half of epigynum (®g. 46). 50); embolar tip produced prolaterally (®g. OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: CHILE: Re- 49). gioÂn de La AraucanõÂa (IX): Malleco: Mon- FEMALE: Total length 2.42. Carapace 0.95 umento Nacional Contulmo, 38Њ00Ј47ЉS, long, 0.72 wide. Femur II 0.71 long. Color- 73Њ11Ј15ЉW, Dec. 19±21, 1998 (M. RamõÂrez, ation as in C. ruiles. Leg spination (leg IV 2005 PLATNICK ET AL.: CHILEAN PRODIDOMIDAE 17

Figs. 49±52. Chileomma campana, new species. 49. Left male palp, ventral view. 50. Same, retrolateral view. 51. Epigynum, ventral view. 52. Same, dorsal view.

missing): tibiae: I v6-4-4; III v1p-2-2, r0-1- DIAGNOSIS: Males are unknown; females 0. Epigynal atrium relatively short, wide (®g. resemble those of C. chilensis in having a 51), lateral ducts extending to anterior edge relatively short, wide epigynal atrium (®g. of atrium (®g. 52). 47), but have anteriorly more convoluted epi- OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: CHILE: Re- gynal ducts (®g. 48). gioÂn de ValparaõÂso (V): San Felipe de MALE: Unknown. Aconcagua: Cerro de La Campana, Mar. 12, FEMALE: Total length 1.83. Carapace 0.74 1979, sclerophyll forest, elev. 1060 m (G. long, 0.59 wide. Femur II 0.53 long. Color- Betancourt, AMNH), 3(. ation as in C. ruiles. Leg spination: tibiae: I DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Aconca- v6-4-4; II v4-4-2; III r0-1-0; IV v1p-2-2; gua, Chile. metatarsi: III, IV p1-0-1, r1-0-1. Epigynal atrium short, wide (®g. 47), lateral ducts con- Chileomma franckei, new species voluted throughout their length (®g. 48). Figures 32±34, 47, 48 OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: CHILE: Re- gioÂn de ValparaõÂso (V): Quillota: Cuesta TYPE: Female holotype from a Berlese PucalaÂn, 32Њ44ЈS, 71Њ16ЈW, Aug. 1, 1966 (E. sample of leaf litter taken at an elevation of Schlinger, M. Irwin, CAS), 2&. 8 m in a small, mixed forest 11 km E of DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Quillota Quintero, ValparaõÂso, RegioÂn de ValparaõÂso and ValparaõÂso, Chile. (V), Chile (Jan. 10, 1985; N. Platnick, O. Francke), deposited in AMNH. Chileomma petorca, new species ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name is a pa- Figures 53, 54 tronym in honor of one of the collectors of TYPE: Female holotype taken in pitfall trap the holotype, Dr. Oscar Francke. at an elevation of 10 m at Quebrada Hua- 18 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3499

Figs. 53±56. 53, 54. Chileomma petorca, new species, female epigynum. 55, 56. Chileomma rinconada, new species, same. 53, 55. Ventral view. 54, 56. Dorsal view.

quen, Pichicuy, Petorca, RegioÂn de ValparaõÂ- DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Petorca, so (V), Chile (Oct. 2±16, 1992; N. Platnick, Chile. P. Goloboff, K. Catley), deposited in AMNH. ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name is a noun Chileomma rinconada, new species in apposition taken from the type locality. Figures 55, 56 DIAGNOSIS: Males are unknown; females can be recognized by the relatively large and TYPE: Female holotype from Quebrada de only loosely convoluted lateral epigynal La Plata, La Rinconada, near Maipu, ducts (®g. 54). 33Њ30ЈS, 70Њ55ЈW, Santiago, RegioÂn Metro- MALE: Unknown. politana de Santiago, Chile (Sept. 28, 1966; FEMALE: Total length 1.76. Carapace 0.75 E. Schlinger), deposited in CAS. long, 0.66 wide. Femur II 0.62 long. Color- ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name is a noun ation as in C. ruiles. Leg spination: tibiae: II in apposition taken from the type locality. v6-4-2; III v1p-2-2; IV d1-1-0, v1p-2-2. Epi- DIAGNOSIS: Males are unknown; females gynal atrium short, wide (®g. 53); lateral can be recognized by the diamond-shaped ducts loosely convoluted, extending to about epigynal atrium (®g. 55) and wide, triangular half of atrial length (®g. 54). masses of lateral epigynal ducts (®g. 56). OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: One female MALE: Unknown. taken with the holotype (AMNH). FEMALE: Total length 2.42. Carapace 1.12 2005 PLATNICK ET AL.: CHILEAN PRODIDOMIDAE 19 long, 0.86 wide. Femur II 0.82 long. Color- distinctly bent toward midline at about one- ation as in C. ruiles. Leg spination: tibiae: I eighth its length, many others on slight wid- v6-4-4; III v1p-2-2; metatarsi I v4-4-2. Epi- ening opposite base of fang; promargin with gynal atrium diamond-shaped (®g. 55); lat- three strong teeth, distal tooth largest, retro- eral ducts forming triangular masses (®g. margin with two small, subequal teeth, distal 56). tooth situated distad of most distal promar- OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: None. ginal tooth; fang long, arched; chilum short, DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Santiago, wide, unipartite. Labium slightly wider than Chile. long, widest posteriorly, along straight posterior margin; anterior margin strongly re- Chilongius, new genus bordered. Endites moderately long, convergent anteriorly, bent and obliquely depressed TYPE SPECIES: Chilongius palmas, new near anterior margin of labium; serrula pres- species. ent. Sternum shield-shaped, ¯at, with strong- ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is a con- ly rebordered lateral margins but rebordering traction of Chilean Tricongius, male in gen- abruptly absent along distinct posterior pro- der. trusion between coxae IV, not expanded an- DIAGNOSIS: The combination of eight eyes, teriorly, with distinct extensions to and be- dentate tarsal claws, and an abdomen without tween coxae; surface smooth, with short, translucent clavate setae separates members erect setae, lateral margins and posterior pro- of this genus from the other Chilean theu- trusion with numerous long, erect setae, cox- mines. Males can be recognized by the short, ae IV widely separated. Single epimeric wide, curved, prodistally situated embolus sclerite on each side, above coxae, slightly (as in ®gs. 63, 67), females by the small, cen- extended between coxae, not fused to cara- trally situated epigynal atrium (as in ®gs. 65, pace. Pedicel composed of two dorsal scler- 69). ites (both sclerites excavated anteriorly) and DESCRIPTION: Medium-sized spiders, total sclerotized, triangular ventral sclerite almost length 3.3±5.6. Carapace oval, narrowed in fused to posterior tip of sternum. front to only about two-thirds its maximum Abdominal dorsum without anterior scu- width, with margins heavily sclerotized only tum in either sex, with two pairs of sigilla in at anterolateral corners, posterior margin anterior one-third of length; cuticle with slightly invaginated at pedicel, slightly re- long, recumbent setae, without clavate setae; ¯exed; pars thoracica coated with long, re- epigastric scutum weakly sclerotized, with cumbent setae, without tubercles; thoracic tiny, triangular, seta-bearing postepigastric groove long, shallow, longitudinal. Eight sclerites, booklung covers not ridged; colulus eyes in two rows, anterior medians smallest, absent, posterior spiracle situated well ante- circular, dark, about half the size of other rior of spinnerets, not as wide as separation light, subequal, eyes; lateral pairs oval, pos- between anterior lateral spinnerets. Six spin- terior medians ¯at, irregularly rectangular; nerets, anterior laterals moderately elongated, from above, both eye rows slightly recurved, widely separated, not advanced anteriorly, from front, both rows slightly procurved; an- with elongate ventral tubercle arising near terior medians separated by slightly more cuticle of basal segment, bearing large major than their diameter, about as far from anterior ampullate gland spigot closely accompanied laterals; posterior medians separated by by second smaller, possibly nonfunctional, about twice their width, about as far from major ampullate gland spigot, soft portions posterior laterals; anterior and posterior lat- of cuticle bearing about eight piriform gland erals separated by their width; median ocular spigots with elongated bases, short shafts, quadrangle much wider in back than in front, and at least two accompanying setae (®g. much wider in back than long. Chelicerae 57); female posterior medians small, narrow, slightly projecting, slightly divergent, patu- contiguous, with spigots closely clustered at ron with distinct, lightly sclerotized boss, tip, cluster apparently consisting of at least promargin with row of long, curved setae, one large cylindrical gland spigot, one minor seta closest to fang base greatly elongated, ampullate gland spigot with short shaft, and 20 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3499 2005 PLATNICK ET AL.: CHILEAN PRODIDOMIDAE 21 around six aciniform gland spigots with long, Chilongius palmas, new species narrow shafts (®g. 58); female posterior lat- Figures 7, 8, 57±59, 63±66 erals apparently with two large cylindrical gland spigots and around four more distally TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype situated aciniform gland spigots with narrow- taken in pitfall trap at unburned site at Pal- er shafts (®g. 59). mas de Ocoa, Parque Nacional La Campana, Leg formula 4123, legs long, anterior pair San Felipe de Aconcagua, RegioÂn de Val- greatly elongated in males, with erect, dark paraõÂso, Chile (Dec. 21, 1984; R. CalderoÂn), setae; coxae and trochanters without dorsal deposited in AMNH. tubercles, fourth trochanters only slightly ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name is a noun elongated; anterior coxae without protuber- in apposition taken from the type locality. DIAGNOSIS: Males can be recognized by ant posterolateral corners; trochanters not the relatively long, narrow, gradually taper- notched; anterior metatarsi and tarsi with dis- ing embolus (®g. 63), females by the thumb- tinct ventral scopula; posterior metatarsi shaped median epigynal ducts (®g. 66). without distal preening brushes; tarsi without MALE: Total length 4.49. Carapace 2.23 cuticular cracks, with two long claws bearing long, 1.70 wide. Femur II 1.62 long. Cara- normal teeth and more proximal set of close- pace and mouthparts light brownish orange, ly spaced, proximally directed teeth, most sternum paler, abdomen beige, legs light yel- proximal of which clasps base of modi®ed low. Leg spination: femora: II p0-0-2; III r0- seta (®gs. 7, 8), claw tufts each composed of 1-1; IV r0-0-1; tibiae: II v1r-1r-2; III r0-1-1; about six distally widened setae; dorsal sur- metatarsi: III p0-2-2. Retrolateral tibial face of tarsi with rebordered proximal mar- apophysis distally narrowed (®g. 64); em- gin; trichobothria apparently few, long, in bolus relatively long, narrow, gradually nar- two rows dorsally on all tarsi and metatarsi. rowing toward tip (®g. 63). Female palpal femur, patella, tibia, and tarsus FEMALE: Total length 5.61. Carapace 2.16 with several weak spines, tarsus long, not en- long, 1.70 wide. Femur II 1.54 long. Color- larged distally, without distodorsal pad of se- ation as in male. Leg spination: II p0-0-2; III tae, with long claw bearing few small teeth d1-1-0, r0-1-1; IV r0-0-1; tibiae: v1r-2-0; III along middle third of its length. Leg spines r0-1-1. Epigynal atrium relatively narrow, of males not longer than those of females; triangular (®g. 65); paramedian epigynal typical leg spination pattern (only surfaces ducts thumb-shaped, all ducts situated well bearing spines listed): femora: I d1-1-0, p0- posterior of posterior atrial margin (®g. 66). 0-1; II d1-1-0, p0-1-2; III d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0- OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: CHILE: Re- 0-1; IV d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; tibiae: II v1p- gioÂn de ValparaõÂso (V): San Felipe de 1p-0; III, IV d0-1-0, p0-1-1, v2-2-2, r1-1-1; Aconcagua: Palmas de Ocoa, Parque Na- metatarsi: II v2-0-0; III p1-1-2, v2-2-2, r0-1- cional La Campana, Dec. 21, 1984, Jan. 29, 1; IV p1-2-2, v2-2-2, r1-2-1. 1985, Mar. 14, 1985, Apr. 12, 1985, July 19, Male palpal tibia with long retrolateral 1985, Aug. 23, 1985, pitfalls, unburned site apophysis; embolus wide, curved, originat- (R. CalderoÂn, AMNH), 6&, Oct. 26±Dec. 21, ing prodistally, accompanied by transparent 1984, pitfalls, burned and unburned sites (R. conductor; median apophysis relatively long, CalderoÂn, AMNH), 20(. ValparaõÂso: 11 km distally hooked. Epigynum with conspicuous E Quintero, Jan. 10, 1985, small mixed for- but small, medially situated atrium; ducts est, elev. 8 m (N. Platnick, O. Francke, highly convoluted but con®ned to posterior AMNH), 1&;RõÂo Marga Marga, Los Perales, half of epigynum. 33Њ09ЈS, 71Њ19ЈW, Oct. 13, 1966, elev. 330

← Figs. 57±62. 57±59. Chilongius palmas, new species, female. 60±62. Chileuma renca, new species, female. 57, 60. Anterior lateral spinnerets, distal view. 58, 61. Posterior median spinnerets, distal view. 59, 62. Posterior lateral spinnerets, distal view. 22 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3499

Figs. 63±66. Chilongius palmas, new species. 63. Left male palp, ventral view. 64. Same, retrolateral view. 65. Epigynum, ventral view. 66. Same, dorsal view. m (M. Irwin, E. Schlinger, CAS), 1(; Ven- 0; III r0-1-1; IV p0-1-1; metatarsi: I v2-0-0; tana, May 13, 1961 (R. Donoso, A. Archer, III p0-1-2, v1p-2-2; IV p0-1-2, v1p-2-2, r1- AMNH), 1&. 1-2. Retrolateral tibial apophysis distally nar- DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Aconca- rowed (®g. 68); embolus relatively long, gua and ValaparaõÂso, Chile. wide throughout its length (®g. 67). FEMALE: Total length 4.50. Carapace 2.00 Chilongius molles, new species long, 1.54 wide. Femur II 1.34 long. Color- Figures 67±70 ation as in C. palmas. Leg spination: femora: TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype II p0-0-1; III d1-1-0; IV d1-1-0, r0-0-1; tib- taken at an elevation of 10 m at Los Molles, iae: II v0-0-0; III p1-1-1, r0-1-1; metatarsi: Route 5, km 188, 32Њ14ЈS, 71Њ30ЈW, Petorca, II v0-0-0; III p0-1-2, r0-1-2; IV p0-2-2, r0- RegioÂn de ValparaõÂso (V), Chile (Nov. 9, 2-1. Epigynal atrium rectangular, with rebor- 1993; N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. RamõÂrez, R. dered posterior margin (®g. 69); paramedian Allen), deposited in AMNH. epigynal ducts thumb-shaped, separated by ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name is a noun wide septum (®g. 70). in apposition taken from the type locality. OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: CHILE: Re- Ä DIAGNOSIS: Males can be distinguished by gioÂn de Coquimbo (IV): Choapa:Nague, the distally wide and curved embolus (®g. 10 km N Los Vilos, Route 5, km 236, 67), females by the relatively wide, posteri- 31Њ50ЈS, 71Њ31ЈW, Nov. 13, 1993, elev. 40 m orly rebordered epigynal atrium (®g. 69) and (N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. RamõÂrez, R. Al- wide internal epigynal septum (®g. 70). len, AMNH), 2&. RegioÂn de ValparaõÂso MALE: Total length 3.45. Carapace 1.61 (V): Petorca: Los Molles, Route 5, km 188, long, 1.28 wide. Femur II 1.11 long. Color- 32Њ14ЈS, 71Њ30ЈW, Nov. 9, 1993, elev. 10 m ation as in C. palmas. Leg spination: femora: (N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. RamõÂrez, R. Al- II d1-0-0, p0-0-1; IV r0-0-1; tibiae: II v0-2- len, AMNH), 2&, Jan. 27, 1994, elev. 10 m 2005 PLATNICK ET AL.: CHILEAN PRODIDOMIDAE 23

Figs. 67±70. Chilongius molles, new species. 67. Left male palp, ventral view. 68. Same, retrolateral view. 69. Epigynum, ventral view. 70. Same, dorsal view.

(N. Platnick, K. Catley, R. CalderoÂn, R. Al- 1; metatarsi: I v2-0-0; III p0-2-2; IV p1-2-1. len, AMNH), 3&, Jan. 27±Feb. 9, 1994, pit- Retrolateral tibial apophysis distally nar- falls, elev. 10 m (N. Platnick, K. Catley, R. rowed, tip rounded (®g. 72); embolus rela- CalderoÂn, R. Allen, AMNH), 4&. tively short, restricted to prolateral side of DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Choapa bulb, greatly narrowed at tip (®g. 71). and Petorca, Chile. FEMALE: Total length 4.11. Carapace 1.99 long, 1.50 wide. Femur II 1.40 long. Color- Chilongius frayjorge, new species ation as in C. palmas. Leg spination: femora: Figures 71±74 II p0-0-2; III r0-1-1; tibiae: II v2-2-0; III r0- 1-1; IV d1-1-0; metatarsi: III p0-2-2. Epi- TYPE: Male holotype taken at an elevation gynal atrium relatively long, triangular (®g. of 580 m in the relict Valdivian cloud-fed 73); paramedian epigynal ducts relatively forest in the Parque Nacional Fray Jorge, Li- wide (®g. 74). marõÂ, RegioÂn de Coquimbo (IV), Chile (Jan. OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: CHILE: Re- 5, 1985; N. Platnick, O. Francke), deposited gioÂn de Coquimbo (IV): LimarõÂ: Parque in AMNH. Nacional Fray Jorge (relict Valdivian cloud- ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name is a noun fed forest), Oct. 3, 1992, elev. 560 m (N. in apposition taken from the type locality. Platnick, P. Goloboff, K. Catley, AMNH), DIAGNOSIS: Males can be distinguished by 2&, Feb. 9, pitfall (R. CalderoÂn, AMNH), the distally very narrow embolus, which is 1(. restricted to the prolateral side of the palpal DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the bulb (®g. 71), females by the relatively long, cloud-fed forest at Fray Jorge in Coquimbo, triangular epigynal atrium (®gs. 73, 74). Chile. MALE: Total length 3.37. Carapace 1.61 long, 1.32 wide. Femur II 1.30 long. Color- Chilongius eltofo, new species ation as in C. palmas. Leg spination: femora: Figures 75±78 II p0-0-2; III d1-1-0; IV d1-1-0, r0-0-2; tib- TYPE: Male holotype taken at an elevation iae: I v2-2-2; II v1p-1p-2; IV d1-1-0, p1-1- of 80 m at La Herradure, Elqui, RegioÂn de 24 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3499

Figs. 71±74. Chilongius frayjorge, new species. 71. Left male palp, ventral view. 72. Same, retrolateral view. 73. Epigynum, ventral view. 74. Same, dorsal view.

Coquimbo (IV), Chile (Oct. 3, 1992; N. Plat- OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: CHILE: Re- nick, P. Goloboff, K. Catley), deposited in gioÂn de Coquimbo (IV): Elqui: beach 6 km AMNH. S Cruz Grande, Oct. 7, 1992, elev. 20 m (N. ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name is a noun Platnick, P. Goloboff, K. Catley, AMNH), in apposition taken from one of the localities 1&; 16 km S Cruz Grande, Oct. 7, 1992, at which the species has been collected. elev. 140 m (N. Platnick, P. Goloboff, K. DIAGNOSIS: Males can be distinguished by Catley, AMNH), 2(,1&; 3 km E El Tofo, the wide, arrow-shaped tip of the embolus, Jan. 7, 1985, under rocks, scrubby mountain- the retrolateral edge of which is translucent side, elev. 45 m (N. Platnick, O. Francke, (®g. 75), females by the medially invaginated AMNH), 2&; La Herradura, Oct. 3, 1992, posterior epigynal margin (®gs. 77, 78). elev. 80 m (N. Platnick, P. Goloboff, K. Ca- MALE: Total length 5.48. Carapace 2.46 tley, AMNH), 1(; 20 km N La Serena, long, 1.98 wide. Femur II 1.69 long. Color- Route 5, km 491, 29Њ46ЈS, 71Њ20ЈW, Oct. 6± ation as in C. palmas. Leg spination: femora: 7, 1992, elev. 120 m (N. Platnick, P. Golo- II d1-0-0; III r0-1-1; tibiae: I v2-2-1p; II v2- boff, K. Catley, AMNH), 5(, Nov. 12, 1993, 2-2; IV d1-1-0, p1-1-1; metatarsi: I v2-0-0; elev. 120 m (N. Platnick, K. Catley, M. Ra- II v2-2-0; III p0-2-2, r0-1-2. Retrolateral tib- mõÂrez, R. Allen, AMNH), 1&. ial apophysis distally narrowed, tip rounded DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Elqui, (®g. 76); embolus relatively short, very wide, Chile. retromarginal edge translucent (®g. 75). FEMALE: Total length 4.58. Carapace 1.83 long, 1.46 wide. Femur II 1.31 long. Color- Chilongius huasco, new species ation as in C. palmas. Leg spination: femora: Figures 79±82 II p0-0-1; III r0-1-1; IV d1-1-0, r0-1-1; tibiae: III r0-1-1; IV p1-1-1; metatarsi: III p0- TYPE: Male holotype taken at an elevation 2-2. Epigynal atrium squared, posterior mar- of 170 m at a creek leading to RõÂo Huasco, gin invaginated at midline (®gs. 77, 78). 25 km W Vallenar, Huasco, RegioÂn de Ata- 2005 PLATNICK ET AL.: CHILEAN PRODIDOMIDAE 25

Figs. 75±78. Chilongius eltofo, new species. 75. Left male palp, ventral view. 76. Same, retrolateral view. 77. Epigynum, ventral view. 78. Same, dorsal view. cama (III), Chile (Oct. 8, 1992; N. Platnick, OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: CHILE: Re- P. Goloboff, K. Catley), deposited in AMNH. gioÂn de Antofagasta (II): Antofagasta:6km ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name is a noun E Paposo, Oct. 12, 1992, elev. 480 m (N. in apposition taken from the type locality. Platnick, P. Goloboff, K. Catley, AMNH), DIAGNOSIS: Males can be distinguished by 3(; 24 km S Paposo, Oct. 11, 1992, elev. the sharply bent tip of the embolus (®g. 79), 20±50 m (N. Platnick, P. Goloboff, K. Cat- females by the small, triangular epigynal atri- ley, AMNH), 1(. RegioÂn de Atacama (III): um (®g. 81) and the anteriorly divergent CopiapoÂ: Quebrada de LeoÂn, N Caldera, Oct. paramedian epigynal ducts (®g. 82). 10, 1992, elev. 140 m (N. Platnick, P. Go- MALE: Total length 5.81. Carapace 2.64 loboff, K. Catley, AMNH), 1&. Huasco: long, 2.09 wide. Femur II 2.05 long. Color- creek leading to RõÂo Huasco, 25 km W Val- ation as in C. palmas. Leg spination: femora: lenar, Oct. 8, 1992, elev. 170 m (N. Platnick, I p0-1-1; II d1-0-0; III d1-1-0, r0-1-1; IV d1- P. Goloboff, K. Catley, AMNH), 1(. 1-0, r1-1-1; tibiae: I, II v2-2-2; III p1-1-1; IV DISTRIBUTION: Known only from far north- d1-1-0, p1-1-1; metatarsi: I v2-0-0; III p1-2- ern Chile. 2; IV p1-1-2. Retrolateral tibial apophysis distally narrowed, tip rounded (®g. 80); em- Chileuma, new genus bolus sharply bent distally (®g. 79). FEMALE: Total length 5.37. Carapace 1.97 TYPE SPECIES: Chileuma paposo, new spe- long, 1.46 wide. Femur II missing. Colora- cies. tion as in C. palmas. Leg spination (legs I, ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is a con- II missing): femora: III d1-1-0; IV r0-0-1; traction of Chilean Theuma, male in gender. tibiae: III r0-1-1; IV d1-1-0; metatarsi: III DIAGNOSIS: The combination of eight eyes p1-2-2, r1-1-1; IV p1-2-1. Epigynal atrium and smooth tarsal claws separates members relatively small, triangular (®g. 81); para- of this genus from the other Chilean theu- median epigynal ducts anteriorly divergent mines. Males can be recognized by the ba- (®g. 82). sally widened embolus (®gs. 83, 87, 91), fe- 26 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3499

Figs. 79±82. Chilongius huasco, new species. 79. Left male palp, ventral view. 80. Same, retrolateral view. 81. Epigynum, ventral view. 82. Same, dorsal view. males by the long, paramedian epigynal mar- slightly divergent, paturon with distinct, gins (®gs. 85, 89, 93). lightly sclerotized boss, promargin with row DESCRIPTION: Medium-sized spiders, total of long, curved setae, seta closest to fang length 4.8±8.4. Carapace oval, narrowed in base greatly elongated, distinctly bent toward front to only about ®ve-eighths its maximum midline at about one-eighth its length, many width, with margins heavily sclerotized only others on slight widening opposite base of at protruding anterolateral corners, posterior fang; promargin with four widely spaced margin slightly invaginated at pedicel, slight- teeth, most proximal tooth smaller than oth- ly re¯exed; pars thoracica coated with long, ers, retromargin with three widely spaced, recumbent setae, without tubercles; thoracic tiny denticles; fang long, arched; chilum groove long, shallow, longitudinal. Eight short, wide, unipartite. Labium slightly wider eyes in two rows, anterior medians smallest, than long, widest at about one-fourth its circular, dark, anterior and posterior medians length, posterolateral corners constricted; an- smaller than oval lateral pairs; posterior me- terior margin strongly rebordered. Endites dians ¯at, irregularly rectangular; from moderately long, convergent anteriorly, bent above, both eye rows slightly recurved, from and obliquely depressed near anterior margin front, anterior row very slightly recurved, of labium; serrula present. Sternum shield- posterior row slightly procurved; anterior shaped, ¯at, with strongly rebordered lateral medians separated by slightly more than their margins but rebordering abruptly absent diameter, closer to anterior laterals; posterior along distinct posterior protrusion between medians separated by about twice their coxae IV, not expanded anteriorly, with width, about as far from posterior laterals; strong extensions to and smaller extensions anterior and posterior laterals separated by between coxae; surface smooth, with short, about their width; median ocular quadrangle erect setae, lateral margins and posterior pro- wider in back than in front, much wider in trusion with numerous long, erect setae, cox- back than long. Chelicerae not projecting, ae IV widely separated. Single epimeric 2005 PLATNICK ET AL.: CHILEAN PRODIDOMIDAE 27

Figs. 83±86. Chileuma paposo, new species. 83. Left male palp, ventral view. 84. Same, retrolateral view. 85. Epigynum, ventral view. 86. Same, dorsal view. sclerite on each side, above coxae, slightly clustered at tip, cluster apparently consisting extended between coxae, not fused to cara- of about seven large cylindrical gland spig- pace. Pedicel composed of two dorsal scle- ots, one minor ampullate gland spigot with rites (both sclerites excavated anteriorly) and wide base, and around eight aciniform gland sclerotized, triangular ventral sclerite adja- spigots with long, narrow shafts (®g. 61); fe- cent to posterior tip of sternum. male posterior laterals apparently with two Abdominal dorsum without anterior scu- large cylindrical gland spigots, single minor tum in either sex, with two pairs of sigilla in ampullate gland spigot, and many more dis- anterior one-third of length; cuticle with tally situated aciniform gland spigots with long, recumbent setae, without clavate setae; smaller, narrower shafts (®g. 62). epigastric scutum weakly sclerotized, with- Leg formula 4123 in females, 1423 in out postepigastric sclerites, booklung covers males, legs long, anterior pair greatly elon- not ridged; colulus absent, posterior spiracle gated in males, with erect, dark setae; coxae situated well anterior of spinnerets, not as and trochanters without dorsal tubercles, wide as separation between anterior lateral fourth trochanters only slightly elongated; spinnerets. Six spinnerets, anterior laterals anterior coxae without protuberant postero- elongated, widely separated, slightly ad- lateral corners; trochanters not notched; an- vanced anteriorly, with elongate ventral tu- terior metatarsi and tarsi with ventral scopula bercle arising near cuticle of basal segment, very strong in females, much weaker in bearing single major ampullate gland spigot, males; posterior metatarsi without distal soft portions of cuticle bearing about nine preening brushes; tarsi without cuticular piriform gland spigots with elongated bases, cracks, with two long claws lacking teeth, short shafts, and several accompanying setae claw tufts each composed of about ®ve dis- (®g. 60); female posterior medians small, tally widened setae; dorsal surface of tarsi narrow, contiguous, with spigots closely with rebordered proximal margin; tricho- 28 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3499 bothria in two rows dorsally on all tarsi and long, 2.42 wide. Femur II 2.72 long. Color- metatarsi. Female palpal femur, tibia, and tar- ation as in male. Leg spination: femora: I, II sus with several long spines, tarsus long, not p0-1-1; tibiae: II v1p-1p-1p; metatarsi: III enlarged distally, without distodorsal pad of p1-1-2. Epigynum with almost parallel lat- setae, with smooth claw. Leg spines of males eral margins (®g. 85); convoluted lateral slightly longer than those of females; typical ducts relatively large, compact (®g. 86). leg spination pattern (only surfaces bearing OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: CHILE: Re- spines listed): femora: I, II d1-1-0, p0-0-1; gioÂn de Antofagasta (II): Tocopilla:RõÂo III d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; IV d1-1-1, p0-1- Loa, 25 km S Quillagua, 21Њ54ЈS, 69Њ33ЈW, 1, r0-0-1; tibiae: I v1p-0-0; II v2-2-1p; III d0- Aug. 20, 1966 (E. Schlinger, M. Irwin, 1-0, p0-1-1, v2-2-2, r0-1-1; IV d1-1-0, p0-1- CAS), 1&. Antofagasta: Cerro Moreno, Aug. 1, v2-2-2, r0-1-1; metatarsi: III p0-1-2, v2-2- 8, 1972 (R. CalderoÂn, AMNH), 1&; Las Ver- 2, r0-1-1; IV p1-1-2, v2-2-2, r1-2-1. tientes, June 12, 1992 (L. PenÄa, AMNH), Male palpal tibia with long, strong, distal- 1&; 6 km E Paposo, Oct. 12, 1992, elev. 480 ly narrowed retrolateral apophysis; embolus m (N. Platnick, P. Goloboff, K. Catley, wide basally, abruptly bent and narrowed AMNH), 4(,5&; 4 km N Paposo, Oct. 11, distally, accompanied by transparent conduc- 1992, elev. 20±50 m (N. Platnick, P. Golo- tor; median apophysis relatively short, dis- boff, K. Catley, AMNH), 1&; Quebrada San tally hooked. Epigynum with conspicuous RamoÂn, E Taltal, Feb. 6, 1942, elev. 2000 ft paramedian margins; lateral ducts highly (J. Bird, AMNH), 1&. RegioÂn de Atacama convoluted, con®ned to posterior half of epi- (III): CopiapoÂ: Puerto Viejo, S Caldera, Oct. gynum. 15±16, 1992 (L. PenÄa, AMNH), 2&; Que- brada de LeoÂn, N Caldera, Oct. 10, 1992, Chileuma paposo, new species elev. 140 m (N. Platnick, P. Goloboff, K. Figures 83±86 Catley, AMNH), 2(,1&. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the An- TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype tofagasta and Atacama regions of far north- taken at an elevation of 480 m at a site 6 km ern Chile. E of Paposo, Antofagasta, RegioÂn de Anto- fagasta (II), Chile (Oct. 12, 1992; N. Plat- Chileuma serena, new species nick, P. Goloboff, K. Catley), deposited in Figures 87±90 AMNH, ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name is a noun TYPE: Holotype male and allotype female in apposition taken from the type locality. taken at an elevation of 150 m at a site 19 DIAGNOSIS: Males (®gs. 83, 84) lack the km N of La Serena, Elqui, RegioÂn de Co- ventral denticle on the retrolateral tibial quimbo (IV), Chile (Nov. 1±4, 1981; N. Plat- apophysis found in C. renca, and have the nick, R. Schuh), deposited in AMNH. tip of that apophysis longer and more abrupt- ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name is a noun ly narrowed than that of C. serena (as well in apposition taken from the type locality. as a more angular embolar base); females of DIAGNOSIS: Males (®gs. 87, 88) lack the C. paposo (®g. 85) lack the anterior widen- ventral denticle on the retrolateral tibial ing of the epigynal atrium found in the other apophysis found in C. renca, and have the two species. tip of that apophysis shorter and less abruptly MALE: Total length 6.71. Carapace 3.17 narrowed than that of C. serena (as well as long, 2.21 wide. Femur II 3.07 long. Cara- a less angular embolar base, especially ob- pace and mouthparts light brownish orange, vious in retrolateral view); females resemble sternum paler, abdomen beige, legs light yel- those of C. renca in having an anteriorly low. Leg spination: femora: I, II p0-1-1; tib- widened epigynal atrium (®g. 89), but the iae: I, II v2-2-2; metatarsi: I, II v2-2-2. atrium is longer than in that species. Retrolateral tibial apophysis distally long, MALE: Total length 5.61. Carapace 2.43 narrow (®g. 84); embolus relatively wide at long, 1.89 wide. Femur II 2.40 long. Color- base of bent portion (®g. 83). ation as in C. paposo. Leg spination: femora: FEMALE: Total length 8.36. Carapace 3.10 I, II p0-1-1; III r0-0-1; IV r0-1-1; tibiae: I, II 2005 PLATNICK ET AL.: CHILEAN PRODIDOMIDAE 29

Figs. 87±90. Chileuma serena, new species. 87. Left male palp, ventral view. 88. Same, retrolateral view. 89. Epigynum, ventral view. 90. Same, dorsal view. v2-2-2; metatarsi: I, II v2-2-0; III r0-2-1. on Route 5, km 491, 29Њ46ЈS, 71Њ20ЈW, Oct. Retrolateral tibial apophysis distally long, 7, 1992, elev. 120 m (N. Platnick, P. Golo- gradually narrowing distally (®g. 88); em- boff, K. Catley, AMNH), 1&;26kmSVi- bolus relatively narrow at base of bent por- cunÄa, Nov. 10, 1992 (J. Rozen, AMNH), 1&. tion (®g. 87). LimarõÂ: Los Cristales, Ovalle, Sept. 1983 (L. FEMALE: Total length 6.20. Carapace 3.03 PenÄa, AMNH), 4&; Monte Patria, May 8±9, long, 2.39 wide. Femur II 2.49 long. Color- 1975 (L. PenÄa, AMNH), 1&; Parque Nacion- ation as in C. paposo. Leg spination: femora: al Fray Jorge (relict Valdivian cloud-fed for- II p0-1-1; tibiae: I v0-0-0; II v1p-1p-1p; est), Aug. 10 (R. CalderoÂn, AMNH), 1&. metatarsi: III v2-0-2. Epigynum with anteri- Choapa: Caleta Oscuro, Oct. 2, 1983 (E. orly wide, rectangular atrium (®g. 89); con- Maury, MACN), 1&; 6.5 km N Los Vilos, voluted lateral ducts forming wide mass (®g. Feb. 9, 1986, coastal dunes, elev. 10 m (N. 90). Platnick, R. Schuh, AMNH), 1(, Oct. 16, OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: CHILE: Re- 1992, same (N. Platnick, P. Goloboff, K. Ca- gioÂn de Atacama (III): Huasco: Puerto tley, AMNH), 1&. Huasco, 28Њ28ЈS, 71Њ14ЈW, July 2, 1966 (M. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the Ata- Irwin, N. Hichins, CAS), 1&; Tongoy, W cama and Coquimbo regions of northern Freirina, Oct. 15, 1990 (L. PenÄa, AMNH), Chile. 1&. RegioÂn de Coquimbo (IV): Elqui:El Tofo, Sept. 1916 (AMNH), 2&; Cuesta Las Chileuma renca, new species Cardas, Aug. 3, 1961 (R. Wagenkneer, A. Figures 60±62, 91±94 Archer, AMNH), 1&; La Herradura, Oct. 3, 1992, elev. 80 m (N. Platnick, P. Goloboff, TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype K. Catley, AMNH), 2&; 20 km N La Serena from Renca, Santiago, RegioÂn Metropolitana 30 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3499

Figs. 91±94. Chileuma renca, new species. 91. Left male palp, ventral view. 92. Same, retrolateral view. 93. Epigynum, ventral view. 94. Same, dorsal view. de Santiago, Chile (June 7±10, 1975; L. v1p-1p-1p; metatarsi: III v2-0-2. Epigynum PenÄa), deposited in AMNH. with short but very wide anterior atrial ex- ETYMOLOGY: The speci®c name is a noun pansion (®g. 93); convoluted lateral ducts in apposition taken from the type locality. relatively small (®g. 94). DIAGNOSIS: Males can be recognized by OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: CHILE: Re- the ventral denticle situated at about two- gioÂn de ValparaõÂso (V): Petorca: Los Mol- thirds of the length of the retrolateral tibial les, Route 5, km 188, 32Њ14ЈS, 71Њ30ЈW, Jan. apophysis (®gs. 91, 92); females resemble 27, 1994, elev. 10 m (N. Platnick, K. Catley, those of C. serena in having an anteriorly R. CalderoÂn, R. Allen, AMNH), 1(; Que- widened epigynal atrium (®g. 93), but the brada del Chivato, 1 km S Los Molles, Oct. atrium is shorter than in that species. 2, 1992, elev. 10 m (N. Platnick, P. Goloboff, MALE: Total length 4.86. Carapace 2.26 K. Catley, AMNH), 1&. San Felipe de Acon- long, 1.84 wide. Femur II 2.31 long. Color- cagua: Parque Nacional La Campana, Feb. ation as in C. paposo. Leg spination: femora: 11, 1986, dry hillside, elev. 980 m (N. Plat- I, II p0-1-1; III p0-2-1; tibiae: I, II v2-2-2; nick, R. CalderoÂn, R. Schuh, AMNH), 1(. metatarsi: I, II v2-2-2; III p0-1-1, v2-0-2, r1- ValparaõÂso: RõÂo Marga Marga, Los Perales, 1-1. Retrolateral tibial apophysis with denti- 33Њ09ЈS, 71Њ19ЈW, Oct. 13, 1966, elev. 330 cle on ventral edge at about two-thirds its m (M. Irwin, E. Schlinger, CAS), 2&. Re- length (®g. 92); embolar tip abruptly bent gioÂn Metropolitana de Santiago: Santiago: (®g. 91). Renca, June 7±10, 1975 (L. PenÄa, AMNH), FEMALE: Total length 8.32. Carapace 2.86 1(,17&, Aug. 27, 1983 (L. Irarrazaval, long, 2.07 wide. Femur II 2.38 long. Color- AMNH), 2&; Quilicura, May 25, 1979 (L. ation as in C. paposo. Leg spination: femora: PenÄa, AMNH), 3&, Aug.±Sept. 1979 (L. I, II p0-1-1; IV r0-1-1; tibiae: I v0-0-0; II PenÄa, AMNH), 19&. Region del O'Higgins 2005 PLATNICK ET AL.: CHILEAN PRODIDOMIDAE 31

(VI): Colchagua: Fundo La Pieza, Millahue, Mello-LeitaÄo, C.F. de. 1940. AranÄas de la prov- Cunaco, Mar. 25, 1961 (R. Donoso, AMNH), incia de Buenos Aires y de las gobernaciones 1&. de La Pampa, NeuqueÂn, RõÂo Negro y Chubut. Revista del Museo de La Plata (Nueva Serie, DISTRIBUTION: Known only from central Chile. SeccioÂn ZoologõÂa) 2: 1±62. Platnick, N.I. 1986. On the spider genus Olta- cloea (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). Revue Arach- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS nologique 7: 9±14. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the many Platnick, N.I. 1990. Spinneret morphology and the contributions of the colleagues who helped phylogeny of ground spiders (Araneae, Gna- phosidae). American Museum Novitates 2978: with the ®eld work for this project, over 1±42. many years: Drs. Robert Allen, RauÂl Calde- Platnick, N.I. 2000. A relimitation and revision of roÂn, TomaÂs Cekalovic, Oscar Francke, Pablo the Australasian ground spider family Lampo- Goloboff, Luis PenÄa, MartõÂn RamõÂrez, Ran- nidae (Araneae: Gnaphosoidea). Bulletin of the dall Schuh, and Diana Silva. John Murphy American Museum of Natural History 245: 1± and Michael Roberts provided helpful obser- 330. vations on the tarsal claws, spinnerets, and Platnick, N.I. 2002. A revision of the Australasian relationships of Moreno; MartõÂn RamõÂrez and ground spiders of the families Ammoxenidae, Barbara Baehr supplied very useful reviews Cithaeronidae, Gallieniellidae, and Trochanter- of the draft manuscript. We also thank Drs. iidae (Araneae: Gnaphosoidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 271: 1± Charles Griswold (CAS), Cristina Scioscia 243. (MACN), and Eduardo Arrozpide (MLP) for Platnick, N.I., and B. Baehr. In press. A revision access to specimens in the collections they of the Australasian ground spiders of the family curate. Financial support for ®eldwork from Prodidomidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea). Bul- the Eppley Foundation for Reseach and the letin of the American Museum of Natural His- National Science Foundation is gratefully ac- tory. knowledged. Platnick, N.I., and H. HoÈfer. 1990. Systematics and ecology of ground spiders (Araneae, Gna- REFERENCES phosidae) from central Amazonian inundation forests. American Museum Novitates 2971: 1± Cooke, J.A.L. 1964. A revisionary study of some 16. spiders of the rare family Prodidomidae. Pro- Platnick, N.I., and D. Penney. 2004. A revision of ceedings of the Zoological Society of London the widespread spider genus Zimiris (Araneae, 142: 257±305. Prodidomidae). American Museum Novitates Dalmas, R. de. 1919. Synopsis des araigneÂes de 3450: 1±12. la famille des Prodidomidae. Annales de la So- Platnick, N.I., and M.U. Shadab. 1976. A revision cieÂteÂ Entomologique de France 87: 279±340. of the spider genera Lygromma and Neozimiris Gertsch, W.J., and N.I. Platnick. 1979. A revision (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum of the spider family Mecicobothriidae (Ara- Novitates 2598: 1±23. neae, Mygalomorphae). American Museum Roewer, C.F. 1955. Katalog der Araneen von 1758 Novitates 2687: 1±32. bis 1940, bzw. 1954. Brussels, 2: 1±1751. Complete lists of all issues of the Novitates and the Bulletin are available at World Wide Web site http://library.amnh.org/pubs. Inquire about ordering printed copies via e-mail from [email protected] or via standard mail from: American Museum of Natural History, LibraryÐ Scienti®c Publications, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY 10024. TEL: (212) 769- 5545. FAX: (212) 769-5009.

a This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper).