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FLORA AND FAUNA SURVEY, NULLICA STATE

FOREST (PART), EDEN DISTRICT, EDEN REGION

BY

D. BINNS and R. P. KAVANAGH

~ FORESTRY COMMISSION OF ------

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FLORA AND FAUNASURVEY, NULLICA STATE FOREST (PART), EDEN DISTRICT, EDEN REGION

by

D. BINNS and R. P. KAVANAGH

FOREST ECOLOGY SECTION WOOD TECHNOLOGY AND FOREST RESEARCH DIVISION FORESTRY COMMISSION OF NEW SOUTH WALES SYDNEY 1990 Forest Resources Series No. 10 1990

Published by: Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales, Wood Technology and Forest Research Division, 27 Oratava Avenue, West Pennant Hills. N.S.W. 2120 r.o. Box 100, Beecroft. N.S.W. 2119 .

Copyright @) 1990 by Forestry Commission of New South Wales

ODC 182.5:156.2 (944) ISSN 1033-1220 ISBN 0730556050 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -i- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

ABSTRACT 1

INTRODUCTION 2 .. THE STUDY AREA 2 1. Location 2 2. Physiography and Geology 2 3. Disturbance History 3 4. Previous Floristic Studies 3 5. Previous Fauna Studies 3

A. FLORA 4

METHODS 4 1. Site Locaion 4 2. Floristic and Vegetation Structural Data 4 3. Habitat Data 6 4. and Nomenclature , 6 5. Limitations 6 6. Data Analysis : 6

RESULTS 15 1. Floristics., 15 2. Vegetation Communities 15

DISCUSSION : 70 1. Comparison ofNUL Communities with Forestry Commission Forest Types 70 ,2. Significant Species : 70 3. Significant Plant Communities 86

B. FAUNA 89

METHODS 89 1. Site Selection 89 2. Arboreal Marsupials and Nocturnal Forest Birds 89 3. Limitations : 89

RESULTS 91 1. Distribution ofFauna Sampling Sites by Vegetation Community 91 2. Arboreal Marsupials and Nocturnal Forest Birds , 92

DISCUSSION 96 1. Significant Animals Species 96 2. Significant Animals Habitats : 98

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 101

REFERENCES 101

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Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Eden Region -ii-

TABLES

Table 1. Two - way table showing cover values for all plant species with combined 7 cover value greater than 2, recorded in plots surveyed in Nullica State Forest

Table 2. Comparison of NUL vegetation communities with P.C. RR 17 Forest Types 8

Table 3. Comparison of NUL communities with communities described from 10 Eden region by Keith and Sanders (K&S), indicating regional conservation status.

Table 4A. Comparision of NUL vegetation communities with RN 17 Forest Types as....•••... 71 recorded in the field.

Table 4B. Comparison of NUL vegetation communities with RN 17 Forest Types 72 as mapped.

Table 5. Conservation status of significant plant species recorded from Nullica 73 State Forest

Table 6. Distribution of fauna survey sites (n=40) by vegetation community and 91 predominant Forest Type (sensu Anon. 1989).

Table 7. The maximum number of individual animals recorded per site over two counts..... 93

Table 8. Mean numbers of animals detected per km transect along 6.6km roads in 96 the study area. Species codes as for Table 7.

Table 9. Mean numbers of animals detected per count within the 80 m radius plots 99 in each vegetation community. Species codes as for Table 7.

FIGURES

Figure 1. Approximate location of the 100 plots surveyed for flora .5

Figure 2(A). Approximate locations of populationsof Daviesia wyattiana 78

. Figure 2(B). Approximate locations of populations of miqueliana 79

Figure 2(C). Approximate locations of populations of Leucopogon setiger 80

Figure 2(D). Approximate locations of populations of Phebalium ralstonii 81

Figure 2(E). Approximate locations of populations of Pseudanthus divaricatissimus 82

Figure 2(F). Approximate locations of populations of Pultenaea villifera 83 •

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -iii- (Part). Eden District. Eden Region

Figure 2(G). Approximate locations ofpopulations of: Daviesia acicularis 84 Eriostemon virgatus, Gahnia microstachya, Pomaderris virgata, Prasophyllum flavum..

Figure 3. Locations offauna survey sites used in this study 90

APPENDIX.

Appendix lA. Alphabetical list ofvascular plant species and their frequency of l03 occurrence in 100 flora survey plots in Nullica State Forest.

Appendix lB. Occurrence ofspecies recorded from plots during the survey 110 but excluded from Table 1. additional species not recorded from plots and additional species recorded during other surveys.

Appendix le. List by families of all species recorded from Nullica .113 State Forest area.

Appendix 2. Site data for floristic survey plots. Nullica State Forest... 126

Appendix 3. Percentage ofsites where each species was detected during: 130 (a), the regional WWF - Forestry Commission Owl Survey of 1988 - 19?9; (b), a segment ofthese data for the 35 sites closest (approx. 10 km) to the present study area: and (c), for the study area itself (source; Kavanagh 1990, Kavanagh and Peake 1991a, and Kavanagh unpublished). All sites were surveyed on two occasions. Species codes as for Table 7.

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Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of NuIlica State Forest -1- (part), Eden District, Eden Region

ABSTRACT

0 0 Theoresults of Bflora and fauna survey of an area within Nullica State Forest (36 57' - 37 05' S, 149 43' - 149 49' E), north-west of Eden, southeastern NSW are presented. The vegetation is described on the basis of 100 survey plots, including 9 previously surveyed by Keith and Sanders (1990). The fauna survey was based on a stratified sample of 40 of these plots. In addition, forest alongside a total of 6.6 km of road within the study area was searched at night for animals.

A total of 370 native and 9 naturalised vascular plant taxa were recorded from the survey plots and an additional 22 native and 3 naturalised taxa have been otherwise recorded from the study area. Twenty seven vegetation communities are described, 10 of which are of limited extent in the survey area, represented by single plots. The vegetation is predominantly open eucalypt forest, common canopy species being Eucalyptus sieberi, E. cypellocarpa, E. muelleriana, E. agglomerata and E. smithii. Dosed forest dominated by Acmenasmithii is widely distributed along the creeks but individual stands are of limited extent. A feature of the area is the occurrence of shrub dominated communities on the numerous rhyolite outcrops.

The area is of well recognised biogeographical significance. Thirty six of the 392 native plant taxa recorded for the area are regarded as being regionally significant, 10 of these being nationally significant. The latter represents 23% of the total number of nationally significant species recorded for the region. Four species (Phebalium ralstonii, Westringia davidii, Prasophyllum sp. aff. morrissii and Hibbertia sp. aff. hermanniijolia) are locally endemic. Eight plant communities are considered regionally significant.

The study area is highly notable for its populations of the Powerful Owl, the Sooty Owl and the , Masked Owl compared to their apparent abundance throughout the Eden Forestry Region. A minimum of four presumed pairs (two pairs definite) of Powerful Owls, four presumed pairs (two pairs definite) of Sooty Owls and one pair of Masked Owls reside in the study area. The Masked Owls were confirmed as breeding with two young chicks present in the nest during the survey. The presumed nest tree for one pair of Sooty Owls was located, as were the general nesting areas for another two pairs of Sooty Owls and three pairs of Powerful Owls. The fewer than expected records ...... 11 for the Southern Boobook, the Australian Owlet-nightjar, the Tawny Frogmouth and the White­ throated Nightjar was attributed to the time of year when sampling took place.

The Common Ringtail Possum, the Sugar Glider and the Yellow-bellied Glider were widely distributed in the study area; the apparent population densities for these species were not exceptional. The Greater Glider was the most uncommon species of arboreal marsupial encountered. Other species detected during the survey included the Feathertail Glider and the Common Brushtail Possum. The Than has been recorded previously in the study .area and this remains the only record for the species in the region.

The most significant habitats in the study area for the three large owls and the two large gliders are the gully and lower slope forests best described as forest types 157, 155, 154 and 14. These forest types are well known to be important for arboreal marsupials in the region. These forest types are found predominantly in the headwaters and the lower reaches of the , Old Hut Creek and their tributaries. .

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Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey ofNullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -2-

INTRODUCTION

This report presents the results of a survey of vascular tIora and selected faunal groups undertaken in part of Nullica State Forest on the coastal ranges west of Eden, southeast New South Wales. The ~ fauna component was designed specifically to obtain data on the distributions and habitats of nocturnal ,'1 forest fauna, particularly the large owls and the large possums and gliders.

The vegetation component of the field work was carried out by D. Binns, T. Brassil, R. Shiels and R. AlIen during 8-17 January 1990. The fauna component was carried out during 11-23 May 1990 by R. Kavanagh, K. Bamkin, R. Shiels and R. AlIen with assistance provided by B. Jarret, W. Moore, E. Raper,1. Young, V. Jurskis, A. Grigg, 1. Dawson and P. Roberts.

The objectives were as follows:

1. To describe the vegetation of the area and compile an inventory"of vascular tIora.

2. To characterize the fauna particularly in relation to vegetation communities.

3. To assess the relationships of vegetation communities in a local and regional context, . particularly with regard to conservation value.

"4. To evaluate the conservation significance of the fauna and their habitats in the study area in a local and regional context.

THE STUDY AREA

1. Location )

The study area is within Nullica State Forest and is situated about 15 km no~-west ofoEden, -" " south-eastern New §outh Wal~. It is bounded approximately by latitudes 36 57' - 37 OS'S .AI and longitudes 149 43' - 149 49' E and covers about 7500 ha. )

2 Physiography and Geology

The area occupies the eastern fall of a coastal range, forming the upper catchments of Yowaka River and a major tributary, Old Hut Creek. There is a general slope from west to east and altitude varies from 720 m at the highest point on the western boundary to 80 m in the east along Old Hut Creek.

Much of the area, particularly the eastern two-thirds, is part of the Upper Devonian Boyd Volcanic complex (Fergusson et al.; 1979). This complex consists of silicic rhyolite plugs and dykes separated by interstratified sediment, rhyolite and basalt (Beams, 1980). Massive rhyolite outcrops are frequent and sometimes form spectacular cliffs. Substrates developed from the rhyolite are often strongly skeletal and on steeper slopes form well developed scree. Within the study area, basalt occurs at the surface as very few, localised small areas, but is more extensive to the east on private property which has been largely cleared. Upper Devonian sediments, mainly conglomerate, occur along the western . boundary of the survey area and the boundary between the sediments and volcanics appears complex. Limited areas of Ordovician sediments, mainly siltstone, phyllite and hornfels, occur in the far north and far south of the area.

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -3- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

3. Disturbance History

Much of the area was relatively undisturbed at the time of survey. Prior to about 1987, logging appears to have been very limited and mostly restricted to selective logging near boundaries with private property and in small areas along the western boundary. Subsequently, routine integrated logging and associated road construction has begun in the area and has covered a gross area of about 900 ha. The area apparently has had a long history of frequent fires of varying intensities. .

Mining has caused very severe disturbance to a small area near the north-eastern boundary. Mining exploration during the mid to late 1980s has caused local though mostly minor disturbance, especially in the vicinity of Sugarloaf Mountain, where a number of access tracks have been constructed. Grazing has probably been absent over most of the area, although some parts along the eastern boundary appear to have been grazed. An area of about ten hectares near Old Hut Creek has been cleared and apparently grazed until about the last decade. Areas of significant disturbance due to logging, mining or grazing were not surveyed.

4. ' Previous Floristic Studies

Albrecht (1986) has surveyed many of the rhyolite outcrops in the study area and adjacent private property and drew attention to the botanical significance of the area. Keith and Sanders (1990) carried out a systematic survey of the Eden region which included nine plots in the present study area. Forestry Commission staff have undertaken previous minor investigations in the area: D. Binns, R. Shiels and R. Allen (unpublished data) surveyed several outcrops additional to those surveyed by A1brecht; R. Shiels did a general pre-logging survey in the area of Gree Road (FC internal file report).

Of the above data, those from the nine plots surveyed by Keith and Sanders (unpubl. data) have been included in the analysis described herein. Other data were excluded from detailed analysis, but are considered in the discussion, and data representing additional floristic records are included in Appendices 1B and 1C.

5. Previous Fauna Studies

No comprehensive fauna surveys have been done in the study area. Two sites forming part of the 1988-89 World Wildlife Fund (WWF) - Forestry Commission Owl (and arboreal marsupial) Survey of the Eden Forestry Region (including national paries) fell within the study area. The results of the WWF Survey are the best available "yardstick" to assess the significance of the fauna in the study area. Accordingly, summaries of the data from that study are presented in Appendix 3 for 35 sites within an approximate radius of 10 km from the study area. These sites were located in three state forests (Nullica, Gnupa, Yurammie) and three national parks or nature reserves (Ben Boyd, Bellbird, Bournda).

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -4-

A. FLORA

METHODS

1. Site Location

Flora survey data were derived from a series of non-permanent plots established within the study area. Plots were initially marked on a 1:25000 topographic map and their positions transferred to the field as accurately as possible using topographic features.

Plot points were stratified by geology and forest type, the latter on the basis of a map Forestry Commission forest types (according to Anon, 1989) previously prepared from aerial photograph interpretation (AP!) with extensive field checking (F.C. unpublished map). They were randomly located on a topographic map to yield a minimum of two plots per forest type stratum. From an excess of random points, final points were selected to represent the largest possible range of physical environments within a forest type, major consideration being given to topographic position, aspect, slope and altitude. The two plots minimum was generally adhered to in the final site selection, except in small patches with uniform physical characteristics, in which a single plot was considered sufficient.

In the field, plots were positioned as far as possible within a relatively homogeneous patch of vegetation. The standard size was a 50 m x 20 m (O.lha) rectangle, although some habitats required a variation in size or shape to ensure homogeneity within one plot eg 100 m x 10 m plots were used for riparian vegetation, and smaller plots for vegetation of restricted extent. A total of 91 plots were surveyed during the present survey. A further nine plots within the study area, previously surveyed by Keith and Sanders (D. Keith, unpublished data), have been added to the data set for analysis and were allocated plot numbers NUL92-100. Approximate positions of the total 100 plots are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 also includes approximate locations of rock outcrops, numbered RI-RI4, previously surveyed but not included in the analysis.

2. Floristic and Vegetation Structural Data

All plant species which could be distinguished within a plot were recorded and identified as far as possible to species level. Vertical height limits of vegetation strata were subjectively defined and recorded for each plot Stratum groups of 0-2 m, 2-6 m, 6-20 m and >20 m were used as a guide for the coding of structural data, even though actual heights were recorded.

Cover codes, based on projected canopy cover, were estimated for each species within each vertical stratum. Where a species occurred in more than one stratum, an overall cover code for the plot as a whole was also recorded. Codes are as follows:

Cover Code Projected Canopy Cover

1 < 5%, few individuals 2 < 5%, any number of iridividuals 3 6-25% 4 26-50% 5 51-75% 6 > 75%

Forestry Commission forest type (Anon, 1989), both as mapped and subjectively assessed in the .field, was recorded for each plot

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -5- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

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o I '''(' Figure 1. Approximate location ofthe 100 plots surveyed for flora.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey ofNulIica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -6-

The locations of any occurrences of significant species noted while traversing the area, additional to those occurring in plots or on previously surveyed outcrops, were recorded.

3. Habitat Data ...

At each plot, slope (in degrees), altitude, aspect, topographic position, drainage, percentage cover and particle size of surface rock and cover of outcropping bedrock were recorded. Any other unusual feature was also recorded. A summary of site data is presented in Appendix 2.

4. Taxonomy and Nomenclature

Taxonomy follows the National Herbarium of N.S.W. Except for recent revisions, this is mostly as published in Jacobs and Pickard (1981) and Jacobs and Lapinpuro (1986). Defined but currently unnamed taxa are referred to using letters allocated by the National Herbarium of N.S.W. or manuscript names, or a combination of both, or indicating affinities where status is uncertain. Tentative species identification is indicated by"?".

Particular taxonomic or nomenclatural problems were encountered in the following cases:

Geranium homeanum/solanderi - some of the Geranium material was infertile and these two species may have been confused in some cases.

Hydrocotyle acutiloba - may include H. hirta. The distinction between these two species is not always clear.

Poa spp. - at least two distinct species in this taxonomically difficult genus were common in the area. Pending determination by specialists, the broader leaved, more robust plant has been referred to P. labillardieri and the narrow leaved plant to P.meionectes. .. 5. Limitations

Field work was carried out in mid summer. Some ephemeral species may have been overlooked, and summer dormant geophytes, including most Orchidaceae and many Liliaceae, would have been generally overlooked due to the absence of active growth. Although the area was traversed comprehensively, the survey was not exhaustive and further species would be recorded with additional effort.

6. Data Analysis

Floristic data were classified into vegetation communities using a numerical hierarchical agglomerative classification process, using the Bray-Curtis association measure on cover codes and a flexible UPGMA sorting strategy with beta = 0.0 (Belbin, 1988). Although this provides a repeatable and explicit method of defining communities, there are a number of critical decisions required which are essentially subjective and which may substantially affect the final community composition. The most important of these are the choice of beta and the choice of an appropriate level in the dendrogram to define communities. A beta value of zero was chosen .'" to minimise distortion and most realistically reflect actual associations. Combined overstorey and understorey data were analysed to yield a total vegetation community classification. Species with a combined cover code over all plots of two or less were found to not contribute r" significantly to the result of the analysis and were excluded from the final analysis. The level in the dendrogram defining 27 communities was chosen as most appropriately representing the perceived scale of pattern in the vegetation, although some of the resulting communities were diverse and could be reasonably further subdivided.

Forestry Conunission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -7- (pan). Eden District. Eden Region

fable \. fwo+U1 table dowing covu ulun for all plut .peeiu with cnbined conr 'lIve Irnhr tban It recorded in plotl lurve1ed in Mullin St.te Forut. CQuumr 1.1 l.l 3,1 3. , 3.3 1,1 1.1 , ,3 6, I i.I 6, , " , 9,1 NMNNMN:~:JlHN:u:nIMNJJmm:UMnu:nU:lmMu:mvn:I:~:NNH~H:.M:KI:~m:W:N:nmm:N:.:mWmm:M:Kn:W:n:J : MUU:W ~OOUUU: U: uuu :uu :UOUUUUUUUUUUU: UUQUUUU: \JUUO: UUUUUUU: UUOUUD: U: U: UUUUU: uU : 00 :UUUU : u : U: OImOUUUII: U: u: mUUUUUUU: u: DUU: U: uu :U: UUUUD : U 11LL1L:L:m:L1:LLLnLLLLLLLL:LLLLLLL:mWLLLLLLL:LLLLLL:L:L:LLL[,L:LL:LL:Lm:L:L:tmLLLL:L:L:LLLLLLLLLL:L:LLL:t:LL:L:11111:1 ~nODOQ:O:GOO:OO:000010000DOOO:OOOOOOO:OOOOi~OOOOOO:Ooonno:O:O:QQOOO:OD:OO:QOOO:~:O:OOOOOOOD:O:O:OOOOOOOOOO:O:OOO:O:00:0:00000:0 PLOi HUmR mm: &:561: 9t: 1001015051 188: ml1u:m I :n18lU: mm: I : I: mu: H: H:ml:!: I :tUllm:l: I :uml8lll:': U I: 5: 55:! :mlo:! ~O! m :1:m :15: 151JOZmm5 :m16l1 :2H1 :"16131: I Hm: T: 3: H!ID:U: 51:m1:0: 9: !IIiSUI :.:) :mmml: 3: 011: 0:61: 1: 18!!1: 2 mms

~c\ci~ 5uI'eolen! 11I: Ch~ih~thei sieberi 111 I : Ac~eia lubtilin~niH 2 1: : VHtringil dui~ii 2 1:1: Schoenus ftPQI~n 1 !: :1 Calylrix l~trllona H 1:3: Leucopogon IttenuituI m t: , Pseudlnthu diHrk~tilSins n t: , Prostanthm phrlieifoLiI 1 , , Oharia ruulou 1: : , LuiopetalUl ferrulineul ur. hrrulineul 12: , 2: , , Phrlhntbus hirtellus 11: : , , Lepido~pHU : , iqua ..tUl 1: : , , , , , , Proltlnlhen rotundifolll , , , :' , Lonndr~ conr~rtifolia up. rubiRinon I 2 : : 221 I' :m: , , " , Pouderril laniSHI 2 I:: , :, 1Il: , , " " Bereria luiocupa I 2Z: :1H: , , : : 3:13 : I: Duthonil longifolil mm: :11 :~ 12: I: '1 l: I 't :I: ~un~ea ubigu Im31:1 :m: :~ 2: Mehlruca ulilhri! llllll:2:m:13, : , Phebaliul nl!to~il 121212:2: 2 :11: :11 ,: Pulhnau Htuu m :1: ~ :22: , Callitril tholboidn I :: !: : 1: LeueopoRon l~tiHr J : ! : 1: ~ouderris intenedia : 11 : 1:, Crfptost,li! It~tochill 11 : I : , ~endrabi~. IpeeiolUl 1211 : Il:t , Il', , [s~tou uilluis 11 : 11: , , , Dodonaea truncatl&hs ! 11 :111: , , , Kriostnon I,oporoidu 88~, Iroparoides 11 :l3!: , , , £cho~nua u)&no!tach1s 2 , :m: , , , , ~Gguia tlbHlor4 11 : 1: Ill: : 11 1: ,:1: , , Dodonau triquetra 11: : 11 : : 1311: , , , hiea ucrauna 11 : : II : 1 1 1 I I: ,,1 , , 'I Stl~&ndra ,huea 11111 : :11 : 2, 11 1: , , ~OVel purpurH 11 111 : : 1 : , , , , Lniopetalu uCToph,llu. , :Ill: 1: Herla slithii , I:, :1 8illardieu procnbens : :1 1 , Olearia lOlentou : :1 I : I: hnthotia trld~ntlh 1:1:1 11 1 :1 1: DercUlia contracta : :1 ,,1 Galiul binifaliUl 1 : 1 : 1 1 , J~ncU! pluifoJius : 111: , Lobelia allta : 11: , Schoenus 118ch.linul : 11 : Duthonia tenuior : I 2: LeptDsp~nu. eurginatUl : 3 ~: , frislaniop!is ILUriH : 2: :1 Denorobiul 8triolatUl : I : 2 , ~elaleuea squfton :) , htvinl. cuptoltrlis :3: , Pouderril hdifolia :3: : Pullenau vilcon :2: : , ., gpacris licrophrlla Ut. licropbrlJ, :3: 1i , , , , " hku dactrloidn :1: I: ! : :::: : , " ~C&til r,lciforlll ::: I : 1I11:1ZI :am::2: 21 :: 11 :1: ,3: 1l:3: Caninia lonlHalil I: : I : : 1I 12: ]Zil:mz: I:: : , 11 1: 1: 11 : : : :H: : EUCllntul nithii : : I : :3 12 2: :!:~:H 31:1 :11: I: :3 I :1:: ,:1:22 , '3: 11:3: , , , " ~ipadiul :: :: I 1 I : : : I: : III : :: :: : : : " punctlhl :t , , , Alloclluuina I ittorali8 III1:1:m:u: mml :1323 :3H1:m Ut:l :3: : 1:1 : 1:1: :1: : ,, , ., Entoluil Itrict. mm:I:IH: 1t ! 1112 : I 11 :1111: I:U :I:: : : n:l: : :1: , , , , Lepidospena urophorul lIam: : lI:a: 1 I : 1 : 1 2: 11 :31 :2:: 11 :Z :: :1: : ,:2: , :11: h~tnhtl H:12: 2 1111 , , :1 : Plat,uce Him:!: :mul1:uu: :3311l :2: :mz :: : : : , , lutalfftul lulolfntl 1 :1:1 : : 11 mmll:l334 3 :~m: I il::1%2 :11: : : : , . :1 , , , , POUI ulbtllatl 1II:: :1: I 1 U : I: 11 I:: :nzz: :: : : : : , , Billardien Itudu, : : 11: :111111l11111: 1l11111111:! um:1I1111: :1:1111: I: :1 :1:I:mJlII1:I:I:1 III 11 : I:J 1. , , L!piduperu laterlle IU:I: 11: : 111111111: :ll11:lIlllll 1 :111:1111 :21: : 11 :: 111 1:2:1: 111 ,.:I: 11:, 1 ,;I' I IZ :11 I :n:l : 1 :2:1:1211: I: i1 :: III : :1: 1 Opercularil IIIpen : :J J:: ," , , ., Oianelh caHulea : : I :1 :H2I1 11111: 1 lIlill 1:111 ut:111 :2: :11111:1 1:1 :: 1 U 1 :1:1: , , , Penoonit lineari! : : I I: 12 n 1l1l1:lIlUlI:JIlt:21 1111:21111::1: :111 : :H: I :1: 11 I 111: : , , ., OO~OCITPU! teucrioidel ::11 :m 1u m: :z 1::mun:mm:I:: 1: : :31l1:W:III121 :1:1:1 , , , Lou~df1 nllirlul I: 1'1 11ZIu:n 1:11 I: 11: U: :1:1211:21:1 : : : 11 I :: :2:1 Porul~eralicroFhlll 1 11111:fl1l: : 11:IiHl: 'llU 11: :: :::111 11 :1: :t Pollldu IIIb~ciroli. 11 11: 11 : 11 I: I :: ::1: :1:1 I :: Loundr~ co~rertifoli& up. hptutacb,a m l2: l'l: ~ IJ :JJ, , 1:;11 :~: III , ~Olnr!ru , 1 I: : : :1: loluhile :! , , r~di! ss~. , , Stip& neHon 11: 1: : I: , , Dichelathne tU~ 1 II : : I' : 11 21: , , obcotd'tu~ III , " 1.11 '2: 1 Ilelichr1!UI II , " , , HHothoeria t.dinta I 11 : :1 : ,:1 1: :1 II , , , , Wahienbngla gracilis , : I :1:: 1: , , :1 I: SolHut prino~h,lIu. , : :1:1:1 I: , , :: I: ~ennedi~ rubicunda ,:1 '11 : : 111 I: :1: :1: Senecio sp, ~ (all. apugiaefoliui) , I : I: I: :1: 1:1: , , , , Vnonira uiycina , , : 11 1 , , :1: , , , , , , Di-aria er~be!cu! , , II , : 1 II . , , , , , , LOllnur& filirQrl is up. filiforlis I', '11 , :1 , , , F.u"lyptu ,Iaboidel , Hibbutia upen RAnuneulut pl~beiUl ,1 , ~r,acia ~,rtifo lil 323121 : III , Hibbntia upetrifoli& I nUll: 2 :2 1 Jal, , ~mti. ilicifolil 112l2221112:) 1:2 ,111111 : JlI :1 rehaUec~ th,li fol ia ,mmmllll:!1 :11II:m HI: lanthosia pilon : !2JHllll 1: 11 1 :ZlI: 1 I: Hll: Pullen&ea riaphnaideB : tl 1 2Zl 31: I 11:1 131: I I : .l.PPfH liphotlah :zmm : 11 :21 11: Olflobiun ilieifoliUl : lUI1l2 2! 2:ma211:1 I: I: 2 , ~cAdl teninaliB : 3211 :m1l11:112 :IHl 3 : l.illl: , Eplcri~ inpre~n Il: Ill2 21 : : 1:12121: 21122: :1 St,lidiun gr&Dinifoliu~ II it: :umm 2 2: :2 I: 121 31: 12112: , , BQuiael obcordata 12mU12: 1 : : , , ~ollndrs 8Ep .g l~uca , glaucl : HH 2: :: :1 , CoopHnookia bubatl :2221111111 I: 211 :2IH: , Pahrsoni~ ghbrata : mm122 I: I:WI: MOMto ca scopuit ,I :lIlmH 21 2: I I :111 Cly~tis flenol! : H12l1H : L~ptospnIY' attulI,tu ,:1: , :1 :mml21 : Peuoonil l~Yil , , : :Ill! 111 : Leptoleria lcidA : I Ill]] 1 :1: , , PileJu linifolia up. linifolia 1 : II I , , Chionochlol plllidt :1 12 : 3 1 , ma: , Aanisia IHuh 1 I I : , , , SClevol! r~~olistiu , 111111: , , , , obtusifoJia , , :11:2Jl1 1123 0: 211H: Jll:J III : : ,3231: : 2: EucaliptU! siebeti 11 :1: :H:WHHHlIS4:3331311: 11 2 335'4 135S' 'l:llm:14:S5: Ul I bnthorrnoea austul i 8 :13:311 :221: I Z 14 : I : : 3: , , Porantk~rl cor,~boB& : 21! : 1 , Eucalyplus !uni(en : 3: , Hibbertia !p. D (aft. 'Il: 12 1 Acacia uliclfolia 2: 2 Anisopogon avenlce~s 12 Pultenae! villitera 2: 2 $ '2 Eti08telon virgatus J I splllulosa II , Pondeni! I igulttina I : , Cusytha pubescens ,I 2 !: : : :1 Grevi Ilea li1ueJ lul 12231 : ,:1: : Lindsau Bicroph,lla I: III 11: 11 , , Platylobiul forl08uI SSp, rOt~Olun III 11 : ,1 , Linduu linuril II I: 'I:, Kucalrptus obliqul lJ I:WH4: :lH1.; :1; . hltenua benthuii m :12 33: :2: 1: Sticherui lobatul ,:1: : Pondcrds elliptica , , , , ACBcia ilpleta , , , D&yiesia bUlifolia 1: 63: 53: EuealJPtlli rn1inoide~ ,IS: Leplo~perlUI , scopariUl , BoroniA nuelleri , : , , , I.eucopogon ~icroph,l.ju~ "at, pilibundul , , , , , Acacia c~gnlta ,I : , :1: H :23: , Ill: I: 1234 , At~d~ , longifolil Vir. longifolit ,: IH: : 2 :DI :1:: : I: :lSiJ: :I:l 2HIlI:J:I,mm2 :: ~unl rptuB qpe lloearpa , :m~ :131 : : : I I : Z2: 14m: : I: JUI I~I!: 1:j: 1212313331:,: :1 , , Clentis uisttta , :ll 11 I: 1l :I: 1: JI 1: I: : ll:t: :11111 :1: :ml!m 1:~:III: Lalltnifera ,tipitatt ., : I I 11: 2 : ::! I: :1 l:l::t !1121 :1:1: IIlW 1:1:11 : , , ~ibhrti4 dutatl , : JUI I! : 2: I: I 1 : I :1 !I:1: :2 2111:1: :m U 21: :1:1 , Viola hederacu 11:, 1:11l12l2: !II :1: : :1 U:I:I;m211ll:J:I: am:! 1I : : : , Trlophorl bHbatl , : 11 11 : :z: I : 11 :1 ]]:2: :mI2m:l: :222mn2l: :1:1 , , Dl~n~lI! tuuniu : 11: , : I 12 zz: : : & :1:3:12 ~I I: : :111111 : : , , Good~nia OVltl :111: : I Z:31 l 11: :z: 1.: I : I : 1: :: 1122:5:: I HI UI:I: :: :4 : Paa •• jon~rt!1 1 :112: 21 I: Z3 I 11: : :1: 11111: I: , J :1:3:llJml1: :1:12212 t :l: :1: ~ierochloe rariflon 1 : 11: I z:mzm:ml :1: : :211:2:I:lmll :5:1:12 mm ~heaCltpU~ r~ticuhlu5 1 : 11 ,: 11 1!:lm ll: ! : :1: : ~: J: :1 , , : 31 ll111i : : 1.~: : !Il: I PanuoreA p~"doran~ 1 , 11: 11 1 !: :z: I: I : :2::1111:1::1111, : :1 : : It!ll: ~otd~~A vPno!~ : Ill: '11 1:11 1 11 : 2: ~: I : :1::1 11.12:1: :1112111 I: : : l' 31: :mt:1 , , , , ~onndra lon~ifoliA ~sp. longifolia : J 2: I , , , :1 41: : :1211 11 : 1:1: I a :2:12 , Goorli~ lotHaliA :11 , :1: : , : :: I : 22i ::: 21 I I: 3: ~Ionrpus ~lridus , : :1: ., : I : I: 21 11 : I: I: I 11 I :l: " Senecio ~elleioide~ : 111 :t :1: I , : :I: 111111 1: I : : , ~chflhuler3 unrluht~ I , :1 ::12111: III H.jiehlJsUt cuneifoliu~ , :: I 1: I I Prost~nther! indsa nr. pubeseens :1 , :: 1111: 2 11 :3 : B1!~hnu~ cartil!~i~!ul 1:1l1J322: :mJ:I:a: 1 :55lillln :lIm' Culeita dubi! , 2: I 3 l: : 54S:1:3:~!l : : I ms 3 11 EucalJPlua luel lelilna , I :n I I: 113 :1:Z:l]m:H:1 : 3 :3: :mHJ31: , 1112: :m:l, Leucopogon IncfOlalUl ur. llDc~chtUl 1 1 :J2: 11 1 !Ill' 1I1lI]' 1. :m2l1 :222211: : : 1111:1 ; 1:1I1l:2:1:231.123 1:1:1:111111)1: : : PleridiUl elcu Itntul : : 23 HI 32: 22 222: z:mW3:mIJJ: : :ZI !Ill: 1:IIB:I:3:3 113 : :1: ! mm!:I: I:: fetrarrhenl juncea :a I I' 2:3331 55'211.11: :2: :: I:ll : :2:23132 nil: :3133233 I: 'I: Il Bururla spinon 1. z: 2: : I: : I: :1: Hilntun Aethiopicum ,1 1 : : 1. : I: l' , Hlhl erianthl :1 2 11: , AClcI, lfarn!ii I: :1, Calystegia utginlt! I:, 1 I "1 ,, RUe( brownii , 1 1 1 , Red,cUl! anlultiroUa , , 1 I 1 , Lout ia ., rieo idei : 2 : , 1 I h~del vlrg,ta :m: :1: 21 11 Rlpdnu~ , , , nudu. :1 : , , ,21 JI H , Cahnia lellnocarpa : 11: 1,, , , :]21 m I: PrQflanther~ luianthos : 121: , :t: , :3JIlH: ,1:1: Phyllanthus gautroe,ii 1: 1: : :1: , :1 I!: :11 :1: ,, ~edfordll Hbore5cen~ 12 H: :34121 3: :: 11 : 2 Coproin q~ldrifid! 1 : : all1l2 I I: : 1: 1 : I1 I,: 2 Rubus rositoliu5 2: : I, I 111 : :: I : HI: 2 PDodi4 aspen 12:, : ZII J J 12: : I : 1 : 13111: FoudHril upeu , :mm 22~; :1: HI! : H,drocot,le geraniifolia It! 21: :2111 21:: :: 1:1 OplisHnus ilb~cillu , :1I22111131:1! :: 11 Stellari! flucidl , :IIHlmll: :3:1 1:1 Piule~ , uifiora 88P, uiflora , :mllllm: :1: I , , 1: : " ~usttlJii , , Clatbea , , , 2J : 3: J: , :llm 31ll: :1:1: :12112:l Sliln lustralis , 1 , :2:1: I: I : J:t 21 1: :mm1l21: :1:22: :mU:2 , , , BucalfptU! elata 1: ,12 I , , , : : :3 1: :! lIJI: ' , : 2 &p~r~gsl , , , CareJ , , , 2l2l::11:2: :11: Pellau falclta vu. , I I Ill! :111:1:11: :211: Scutellaria tollis , , , , , : ll: I: I: : , Cs i lQnoplesi UI qusul , :1 l', :2~1 I I: :1:12: :lllIl: h8TY~JanYl , , , , Slrcopeialu. , , , , : I I I: :1: :1 I I: CluinillcuJuta :, :J:l:1 I: 1 !: I: &2 2 I 1: : 11: I : : I: Micro1aeM Klipoidu iU. stipoides :1:l:2m :1 : 1. 11 : I: 1 I 1 211:: ~ll: : gUltrephu! laLifoliu Vir. lltifoliu :1: :11 : 11 IllI:I:I: I 121 1:1: I : :1 UirciDe ciandutinl : : :1 :121 I :1:1: I 1222 :1:m: CO~lU albida :1:1 : :1: I 1::1 lIydracoty]e ~evtilQba :1:1 :I:: III I : 1.: I H~lichrl!UI eJaiUl :1 :1:1 I I 1 : :11 D~8Udiu~ Hriu~ 1: :1: 1. ILI21 :2:m: Echinopogon orAln 1: :1: 1!1l113 I: :211: Ouli9 th~oodei I :: I : 1 I 111121 :2: 11: , Sen~cio Iinearifolivl 1112: :1:21121 m: :11 :1: Gerani~~ potentil]Qides : 1: 11 I JJ: 1.: I: ~iltDsporUI r~YDlutu. : : 11 12 I:: 111: Sige!beckia orientaiis '11 I Ill: :221: :1 Dltbon~ra repens l' : I: I 12 :2:12l: Geruiun honnnul , , , 1: I Z!J :2;22: rluLlgo d~bilil , , : : I JI I1 : 2: 22J : Veronica notabilis :1: : : :11 11 ! I:: :, Poa hbillardiHi Vlt. labilhrdieri , , , , , , . 11: : I ~ 2 I J1 :I : 31 : 1. : , E~cll1rtus futigatl :3: : :lll 2233 4: : :, H~ljchrJiu. , , bruteatul , , 1 I :1 1: , , Rubus pmifoliUI , , III ~ib~rtia paniculata , , , , , , , I , CenlaurillJ n,thraea , , , till pl~beil , Yeronica , 1 :1:, , , : :1 HIPHicun gruineuR , , , I :2: :, GitliUl yulgar~ ,:1 1 : 12: I: Gnaphaliun RJlnocephalUl 1, , 11 : 11: : G~liu, propinquu~ 1 II :1l1: : PlertnnHuH pltvifloru~ I , : Ill: : 1. Del~lI[i~ quadris~h , " , , " h,cj& .danU1lon l', : lJ1: 1'1 ~ntol,sia nuginah ~Hol~piH glandulifH' ArthropodiUl lille!lotUl :12 Eucalyplus ~Bid~nii :44 : ~uc~lfPtus bosisLaana ,1:321: lndit~l~ra ~uBtralis "/ar. 1~~trali8 , 1 I ", :4:342: rh~n~iJA austul i! , :3: 1. :: : A~HU penduln :: :1' :, Caloneri! Auranthoidel :: ' 'I: Rcripra gi~ant~A '1 [u~rlPhi~ moorei 3, KlnHHij~ diver!ifol iUI 2: I Ripogonu, albu~ :1 1.: Klno~oruM 'clndenr : 1. I! : Tlrsipl~rii patVl Ill: rll!onsit brownil 2 I 12: 2 UrticI inein 1 I, : I: I 1:2 Aphanop~lalu~ reBinosul ,:: J Aspleniu~ t1lbellifollun 11 :1: j I: :2 2l2:a CI~natis glycinaides 1 : : 21: : I z: Pit~asporUl undulatul 1 11 :J: 1. j: :III 2: hplnfA howittiant 1 I 1 : :21: 11: Mu! hi III 1 : :1 : : I CnsBini~ tlineru 2: 12 :1:12:4: AUitnllu puailla I H~lichT1g'lq , , H!oph,llul , , , Gdaslrus ~llltrllil :1 :2 Pprflsia rupestri3 : 2 : 2 , : 1. I: Con nrrs onil fraseri J: :13:': ~riostfoon tr.d,ph,llu! :I:a: : P.f~CI!~OS c~~rp~siforlis , , , , , , :j: 11: I: , ACI1M snithii , , , , ,Im l', : :32: :ijSm:3 CilP,1 hjpoglallca ,: 1., 1: nil : :51: :lm3: KarBrI~nia roslrda , 21 1:2!22:I:m21:1 ~upou!.i~ IlIlIina 1 :2: :m 3: Korin~~ jUlinQid~~ 1: :W2I: I,utreopsis licroB or~ , I: :3013: Plnis ulbrou , :5H12: BI~chn'J~ Datersonii , : 311:1 \,A"lr~Qrsil , lCu.iul, , 11m:3 a~tuetita , , Dichonia , , 313: I rol1Stithu. rrolifuun :1: :1322:3 rirldi~ a"~tralis , , , , 1.21:2 01puia ar~oph11la , , 1 , , : 1 123: ~ RI~c~nun vattsii I : 3: l, 222: Rora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -8-

Table 2. Comparison of NUL vegetation communities with F.e. R.N. 17 Forest Types. Plot numbers are shown in brackets. Plots 92-100 are excluded.

NUL Community Forest Types

1.1 Melaleuca armillaris-Kunzea ambigua 234 (9,67,69,70,71,75) shrubland

1.2 Mixed shrubland 234 (62)

1.3 Riparian shrubland 224 (54,66,74)

3.1 E. sieberi dry sclerophyll forest 112 (5,7,53,73,83,85) 114 (6,12,13,59,61)

3.2 E. sieberi-E. agglomerata 112 (76,84) dry sclerophyll forest 114 (16,27,40,63,87)

3.3 E. agglomerata-A. littoralis woodland 121 (14,15,60)

4.1 Mixed damp sclerophyll forest 112 (78,91) 114 (77) 150 (79) 157 (29) 169 (86)

4.2 E. obliqua-E. sieberi damp 150 (24) sclerophyll forest 156 (21,25,68) 157 (31) 165 (52)

5.1 E. smithii woodland 165 (17)

5.2 E. smithii-E. muelleriana damp 165 (23) sclerophyll forest

5.3 E. sieberi-E. muelleriana damp 112(82) sclerophyll forest 114 (64,80) 165 (55) 169 (37)

5.4 E. sieberi-E. muelleriana-E. cypellocarpa 114 (58) damp sclerophyll forest 157(18)

5.5 E. sieberi-E. agglomerata damp 112 (65,72) sclerophyll forest

6.1 E. ob/iqua-E. cypellocarpa wet 150(19) sclcrophyll forest 152 (30,47) Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -9- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Table 2 (Cont.)

,~ NUL Community Forest Types "...

'i 6.2 E. muelleriana-E. fastigata wet 169 (20) sc1erophyll forest

6.3 E.jraxinoides wet sc1erophyll forest 162 (49)

6.4 E. muelleriana-E. cypellocarpa wet 157 (26,41,81,88) sc1erophyll forest 169 (22,36,38,39)

6.5 E. globoidea-E, cypellocarpa 123 (28) E. smithii wet sc1erophyll forest

6.6 E. cypellocarpa-E, bosistoana 158 (43) E. globoidea wet sclerophyll forest

6.7 E. jastigata-E. cypellocarpa wet 151 (89) sclerophyll forest 154 (90) 155 (33,34,35,44,45) 157 (2) 158 (48)

7.1 E. bosistoana-E, smithii-E. maidenii 88 (11) forest 158 (10,42) rr: 8.1 E. smithii mixed forest I 165 (50) ""-

,~ 8.2 E. smithii mixed forest 11 165 (51)

8.3 Notelaea venosa closed shrubland 224 (56,57)

9.1 Acmena smithii closed forest 14 (1,3,4,8,46)

9.2 E. fastigata-Acmena smithii 154 (32) mixed forest

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales "'r:l::E1 61 Table 3. Comparison of NUL communities with communities described from Eden region by Keith and Sanders (K&S), g 0 Cil CD ... indicating regional conservation status '" P' ~ .:::..§ '"Cp.. bl Community No. Similar K&S Community Conservation Status Conservation of NUL el "'r:l ~§ ~, Plots K&S Community in Eden Region Community in Study Area p..P' ~ g en g' o~ 1.1 Nethercote Falls FR Jingera FR, PMP 1.1.7. Si' ~ ....,o Melaleuca armillaris­ 6 25:Kunzea ambigua/ Kunzea ambigua shrubland Phebalium ralstonii ~'6 ~ .."'" ~ trJ~ en p...... 1.2 Mixed shrubland 1 25 As above Not reserved g 5- :;tjP' ~ ci8 en 1.3 Riparian shrubland 3 11:Tristaniopsisl 25 as above, 11 in Some examples reserved g'~ ~ laurina/Lythrum Nadgee NR and Nalbaugh NP in PMP 1.1.7 salicaria,25

2.i Woodland/Shrubland 2 25 As above Not reserved

I 3,1 E. sieberi dry 13 24:E.sieberi/Oxylobium 24 in Wadbilliga NP, 26 in Jingera FR, PMP 1.1.7 ..... sclerophyll forest ilicifolium, 26:E.sieberil Mt. ImlayNP and Nadgee NR '? Tetratheca thymifolia

3.2 E.sieberi-E.agglomerata 7 26 Mt Imlay NP, Nadgee NR Jingera FR dry sclerophyll forest Forest I

3.3 E. agglomerata­ 4 25/26 25,26(1) as above Some stands in PMP 1.1.7 A.littoralis woodland

4.1 Mixed damp sclerophyll 7 ?Variant of 9(II): Mt Imlay NP, Bournda NR PMP 1.1.7. 61 forest E.muelleriana/ Nadgee N.R. Cil ~ Elaeocarpus reticulatus i ~ CD '"en CD ~, ~

~ ..... o

-,: ~ . ~. ,) "1 ~. ~~ ~ .J. . ~ ~ ;( ? ·)-r

~I Table 3 cont. ~ '"~ ell Community No. Similar K&S Community Conservation Status Conservation of NPL 11 Plots K&S Community in Eden Region Community in Study Area en ell ~. '" 4.2 E. obliqua-E. sieberi 6 Variant of 27:E.obliqua/ Nadgee NR Not reserved ~ damp sc1erophyll forest Esteberilrultenaea ..... 0 daphnoides 5.1 E.smithii-E.muelleriana 1 - - Not reserved damp sclerophyll forest I

5.2 E. smithli-Emuelleriana damp 1 - - Not reserved sc1erophyll forest II

5.3 E.sieberi-E.muelleriana 5 26(II) :E.sieberi/ Mt Imlay NP PMP 1.1.7 damp sc1erophyll forest E.muelleriana/Exocarpus cupressijormis I~

5.4 E. sieberi-E.muelleriana 2 Moist variant of 26(II) Mt Imlay NP Not reserved -E. cypellocarpa damp sc1erophyll forest

~ 5.5 E. sieberi-E.agglomerata 2 Shrubby variant of Mt Imlay NP Not reserved ;;l 61 ~ damp sc1erophyll forest 26(II) 2- ~'" 'Tj o 4 '"'~ 0 6.1 E.obliqua-E.cypellocarpa 9(I):E.cypellocarpa / 90) in Nadgee NR, Boumda NR Jingera FR, PMP 1.1.7 '1:l::l wet sc1erophyll forest I ndigojera australis, 27 and Ben Boyd NP; 27 in Nadgee NR CenE!l P' ~. m~ '" 0.. ell '"o' ell,< :::l 6.2 E. muelleriana- 1 9(II) Mt Imlay NP, Boumda NR, Not reserved ::l 0 0 0 ...... Efastigata wet Nadgee NR S;' z ~ sclerophyll forest ~.8 :l'! J'"" o· en trjP' 0 0.. en c::: 6.3 E. jraxinoides wet 1 Wadbilliga NP, Mt Imlay NP, 23:E!raxinoides/ Not reserved ~ g S- ~ell o sclerophyll forest Tasmannia lanceolata Nalbaugh NP, Egan Peaks NR ~ J861 f:?- ell Er~ '" :::l ~ Table 3 cont. 61§1 ~ a ... '" ~ ~'" ::'f5 o "1:10. 0 !~ Community No. Similar K&S Community Conservation Status Conservation of NUL . § ~. Plots K&S Community in Eden Region Community in Study Area ~~ g fq o''" ::s 0'< ~. ~ ....,0 6.4 E.muelleriana- 8 9(II) As above Jingera PR, PMP 1.1.7 9:·6(') ...., ~ ~ E.cypellocarpa wet "zt'I1e:: en 0...... 0 sclerophyll forest g g: e:: :;:d~ So ~ en ~ 1 Not reserved ~.s . 6.5 E. globoidea- - - § 0- ~ E.cypellocarpa-E.smithii '" wet sclerophyll forest

6.6 E. cypellocarpa- 1 - - Not reserved Ebosistoana-Eigloboidea wet sclerophyll forest

6.7 E. fastigata- 10 5.Efastigatal Nalbaugh NP, Egan Peaks NR, Jingera PR (minor),well I~ E.cypellocarpa wet Olearia argophylla Brown Mountain PR represented in PMP 1.1.7 sclerophyll forest

7.1 E. boststoana-E. smithii 1 ?14:E.globoideal Nungatta NP Jingera PR -E. maidenii forest Senecio sp.aff. apargiaefolius

8.1 E. smithii mixed forest I 1 - PMP 1.1.7 I - 8.2 E. smithii mixed forest II 1 PMP 1.1.7 il... - - :;:d 8.3 Notelaea venosa closed 2 - - PMP 1.1.7 shrubland I~ I '"en ~

~. '" ~ ...... 0

1,. '\ )- } ~ ~ ,.) ~ ). J ---j:. ;( )' A '" ~

6' I Table 3 cont.

~ ~ Community No. Similar K&S Community Conservation Status Conservation of NUL I:s Plots K&S Community in Eden Region Community in Study Area (l ~ '"Ul 9.1 Acmena smithii 5 2(I):Acmena smithiil Mimosa Rocks NP, PMP 1.1.7

~. closed forest Eupomatia laurina Nadgee NR, Bellbird '" Creek NR ~ ...... o 9.2 E. fastigata-Acmena smithii 1 Not reserved mixed forest

I ...... W I

:!lo .~

8- 'T.! Jo -;a§ ,c,UlIII "" I. ~ ~~ g' g~ o og, .... ;;;·z R I: o' I=: ~ ~ o· Ul o..Ultr.l"" ~ :;dg *'T.!. ~...... 0 ~ o ~ '" ;:l '".... Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -14-

The 27 communities were grouped into 9 community groups at a higher level of dissimilarity.

RESULTS

1. Floristics

A total of 370 native and 9 naturalised vascular plant taxa was recorded from the 100 plots included in the analysis. Floristic richness of the 91 plots included in the present survey varied from 10 to 73, with a mean of 36.4 species per plot. An additional 22 native and three naturalised taxa have been otherwise recorded, giving an overall total of 404 taxa known from the survey area. Floristic data are listed in Appendices lA, 1B and 1C and.Table 1.

Appendix 1A is an alphabetical list of species recorded from the 100 flora survey plots, showing the number of plots in which the species was recorded. Appendix 1B is an alphabetical list of species not included in Table 1 and additional species recorded from the area but not from survey plots. Appendix 1C lists all species alphabetically by families.

Floristic data are displayed in Table 1 as a two-way table of species by sites, the latter grouped into communities as described below. This table includes all species with combined cover >2 recorded in survey plots and shows community composition by plots and species, variation in species composition within and between communities and cover code for each species within each plot.

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Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 ~~~~------~~~------

Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -15- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

2. Vegetation Communities

Floristic survey data from the 100 plots have been classified into 27 vegetation communities of which 10 are of minor occurrence and represented by single plots. These 27 communities have been grouped into nine community groups, based on a higher level of dissimilarity in the dendrogram, three of which are represented by fewer than five plots and two of which include only a single community.

The 27 communities are described in the following summary sheets. The summary sheets show which plots are included in the community, characteristic species arranged in order of decreasing frequency (PR) and mean cover code (MC), and location of plots representing that community in the study area. Characteristic species are those which occur consistently in a community. In this report, for communities represented by more than one plot, they are defined as having frequency greater than 0.50. For communities represented by single plots, only species with cover code greater than or equal to two are included. The summary sheets also include descriptions of environmental factors characterising each community, brief general descriptions and annotations, and a comparison with vegetation communities described by Keith and Sanders (1990), abbreviated to K&S. Table 2 shows a comparison with Forestry Commission forest types (Anon, 1989), by plot number. Table 3 presents a comparison with nearest equivalent Keith and Sanders (1990) communities and indicates present reservation status in the region and study area.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Conunission ofNew South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -16-

N o I 1

Location ofplotsin community NUL 1.1

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -17- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 1.1: Melaleuca armillaris-Kunzea ambigua shrubland

Character Species FR MC FR MC 'f"

Kunzea ambigua 1.00 3.17 Allocasuarina littoralis 0.83 0.83 ... Melaleuca armillaris 1.00 3.17 Hovea purpurea 0.83 0.83 Danthonia longifolia 1.00 1.83 Stypandra glauca 0.83 0.83 Platysace lanceolata 1.00 1.83 Leucopogon attenuatus 0.67 1.17 Entolasia stricta 1.00 1.67 Dendrobium speciosum 0.67 1.00 Phebalium ralstonii 1.00 1.67 Lepidosperma laterale 0.67 0.83 Lepidosperma urophorum 1.00 1.50 Cheilanthes sieberi 0.67 0.67

Number of plots: 6 Plots: 9,67,69,70,71,75

Canopy height range: 2-6m Canopy cover range: 10-60%

Distribution: Scattered on rhyolite mainly in eastern half of the area.

Physical Environment: Rhyolite outcrops on usually steep to precipitous slopes; exposed rock, as slabs or cliffs, mostly> 50% cover.

Altitude: 210-400 m (mean=272 m)

Mean Floristic Richness: 37

;r' Comments: This community is characteristically a mosaic of shrub thickets, mostly 2-4m tall, and virtually bare rock, with sparsely scattered, isolated herbs and small shrubs. It is notable for including several species which are locally endemic and/or regionally or ;<0\ nationally significant, and which are essentially or largely confined to this or similar communities (eg Phebalium ralstonii, Westringia davidii, Prasophyllum sp. ajf. morrisii). Although Nullica rhyolite outcrop communities have been noted as espe­ cially species rich by Albrecht (1986), this is true only in the broad sense, with the inclusion of associated open forest and woodland species..

Other similar communities: As defined here, this community is restricted to Nullica rhyolite, although broadly similar communities occur on rhyolite in East Boyd State Forest and on areas of other geology elsewhere in South Eastern Australia. This community is essentially equivalent to K&S 25: Kunzea ambigua/Phebalium ralstonii.

· Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -18-

N o I I

Location ofplots in community NUL 1.2

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Fortest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -19- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 1.2: Mixed shrubland

Character Species FR MC FR MC .,.

Calytrix tetragona 1.00 3.00 Lasiopetalum ferrugineum ... var. ferrugineum 1.00 2.00 Darwinia camptostylis 1.00. 3.00 Lepidosperma laterale 1.00 2.00 Epacris microphylla var. 1.00 3.00 Melaleuca armillaris 1.00 2.00 microphylla Pomaderris ledifolia 1.00 3.00 Phebalium ralstonii 1.00 2.00 Allocasuarina littoralis 1.00 2.00 Platysace lanceolata 1.00 2.00 Eucalyptus sieberi 1.00 2.00 Pultenaea viscosa 1.00 2.00 Kunzea ambigua 1.00 2.00 Westringia davidii 1.00 2.00

Number of plots: 1 Plots: 62

Canopy height: 1:5m Canopy cover: 75%

Distribution: .A single patch of several hectares in the north-east of the area.

Physical Environment: A steeply sloping rhyolite outcrop.

Altitude: 410m

Mean Floristic Richness: 39

Comments: A complex shrub mosaic, mostly lower and with greater cover than NUL 1.1 and with different dominant species, although with many associated species in common.

Other similar communities: This represents a floristic variant of NUL 1.1 and is included in K&S 25: Kunzea ambigua/Phebalium ralstonii.

Forest Resources Series No, 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), EdenDistrict, Eden Region -20-

OJ o """0.

o, 2km, t

Location of plots in community NUL 1.3

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 ------

Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -21- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Physical Environment: Occurs in narrow bands along rocky creek beds and banks.

Altitude: 120-21Om (mean=167m)

Mean Floristic Richness: 35

Comments: A complex, variable community which is the riparian variant of NUL 1.1. Sites usually include a range of microhabitats such as crevices in exposed rock, small streamside alluvial pockets and aquatic.

Other similar communities: This community has characteristics of K&S 25 and K&S 11. The predominance of exposed rock distinguishes it from the mainly alluvial substrates of the latter, although a number of species are shared.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Conunission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (part), Eden District, Eden Region . -22-

o, 1

Location ofplots in community NUL 2.1

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Fortest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of NuIlica State Forest -23- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 2.1: Woodland/Shrubland

Character Species FR MC FR MC

Leptospermum scoparium LOO 3.50 Xanthorrhoea australis 1.00 2.00 Eucalyptus sieberi LOO 2.50 Allocasuarina littoralis 1.00 1.50 Epacris impressa LOO 2.00 Lepidosperma urophorum 1.00 1.50 Hibbertia circumdans LOO 2.00 Leucopogon lanceolatus 1.00 1.50 var. lanceolatus Melaleuca armillaris LOO 2.00 Acacia obtusifolia 1.00 1.00 Platysace lanceolata 1.00 2.00 Phebalium ralstonii 1.00 1.00 Pultenaea retusa LOO 2.00

Number of plots: 2 Plots: 94,95

Canopy height range: - Canopy cover range: -

Distribution: Restricted to one area near the summit of Sugarloaf Mountain.

Physical Environment: -

Altitude: 595-62Om (mean=608m)

Mean Floristic Richness: -

Comments: Both plots were surveyed by David Keith. Although sharing many features with NUL 1.1, this community differs in the predominance of Leptospermum scoparium, a species which is generally absent from NUL 1.1, and in greater abundance of Eucalyptus sieberi.

Other similar communities: These plots were classified by Keith and Sanders as community 25, even though their floristic composition is different to most other areas of that community.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Conunission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part). Eden District, Eden Region -24-

N o I r

Location of plots in community NUL 3.1.

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -25- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 3.1: Eucalyptus sieberi dry sclerophyll forest

Character Species FR MC FR MC

,.., Eucalyptus sieberi 1.00 3.77 Gonocarpus teucrioides 0.69 1.15 Tetratheca thymifolia 1.00 1.54 Bossiaea obcordata 0.69 1.08 ilicifolia 0.92 1.46 linearis 0.69 0.92 Billardiera scandens 0.92 0.92 Lepidosperma laterale 0.69 0.69 Monotoca scoparia 0.85 1.77 Caustis flexuosa 0.62 1.00 Coopernookia barbata 0.85 1.08 Pultenaea daphnoides 0.62 1.00 Acacia obtusifolia 0.77 1.85 Chionochloa pallida 0.54 1.23 Stylidium graminifolium 0.77 1.54 Allocasuarina littoralis 0.54 1.15 Eucalyptus agglomerata 0.77 1.46 Pteridium esculentum 0.54 1.15 Oxylobium ilicifolium 0.77 1.31 Amperea xiphoclada 0.54 1.00 Patersonia glabrata 0.77 1.31 Hibbertia empetrifolia 0.54 0.77 Xanthosia pilosa 0.77 1.08 Lomandra multiflora 0.54 0.77 Dianella caerulea 0.77 1.00 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.54 0.62 var. lanceolatus Leptospermum attenuatum 0.69 1.54 0.54 0.62

Number of plots: 13 Plots: 5,6,7,12,13,53,59,61,73,83,85,97,100

Canopy height range: 20-30m Canopy cover range: 15-60%

Distribution: Widely distributed throughout the study area, but almost exclusively on rhyolite.

Physical Environment: Mostly stony crests to mid-slopes, over a range of aspects.

Altitude: 170-54Om (mean=328m)

... Mean Floristic Richness: 35 (excluding plots 97,.100)

Comments: This community has a generally very sparse medium shrub stratum (2-6m), mostly < 10% crown cover, consisting of scattered individuals of , Leptospermum attenuatum and Acacia obtusifolia. Ground cover is usually sparse to moderate, mostly < 40%. There is often a subcanopy of sparse to moderate Allocasuarina littoralis. Plots 5 and 53 differ from the remainder in having a dense ground cover, 5 mixed but with Monotoca scoparia and Epacris impressa most abundant, 53 dominated by the significant species Pultenaea villifera and including the regionally significant Eriostemon virgatus. Pultenea villifera also occurs in plot 73.

Other similar communities: This is possibly the most extensive community in the study area. It has affinities with K&S 24: Eucalyptus sieberi/Oxylobium ilicifolium and K&S 26 (11): Eucalyptus sieberi/E. muelleriana/ Exocarpos cupressiformis, with differences due to the rhyolite substrate. Plots surveyed by Keith (97, 100) and grouped here were classified into his 26(11).

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Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -26-

CP o ""0.

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Location ofplots in community NUL 3.2.

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Fortest Resources Series No. 10 ------

Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -27- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 3.2: Eucalyptus sieberi-E. agglomerata dry sclerophyll forest

Character Species FR MC FR MC

,-- Eucalyptus sieberi 1.00 3.43 Pteridium esculentum 0.71 1.43 Oxylobium ilicifolium 1.00 1.86 Acacia obtusifolia 0.71 1.29 Platysace lanceolata 1.00 1.71 Billardiera scandens 0.71 o.n Acacia terminalis 1.00 1.29 Allocasuarina littoralis 0.57 1.29 Persoonia linearis 1.00 1.29 Acacia jalciformis 0.57 0.57 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.86 0.86 Dianella caerulea 0.57 0.57 var. lanceolatus Eucalyptus agglomerata 0.71 2.29 Poranthera microphylla 0.57 0.57

Number of plots: 7 Plots: 16,27,40,63,76,84,87

Canopy height range: 20-35m Canopy cover range: 30-60%

Distribution: Fairly widespread on the northern and western parts of the area.

Physical Environment: Mainly steep rocky slopes with predominantly northerly or westerly aspects, often on sedimentary soils. •

Altitude: 300-61Om (mean=436m)

Mean Floristic Richness: 24

Comments: Similar to NUL 3.1, but floristically less rich with sparse to no medium shrub layer and sparse ground cover (mostly < 15% cover).

Other similar communities: A fairly extensive community on sedimentary substrates, which is analoguos to K&S 26(f):Eucalyptus sieberi/E. agglomerata/Tetratheca thymifolia.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -28-

1

Location ofplots in community NUL 3.3

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -29- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 3.3: Eucalyptus agglomerata-Allocasuarina littoralis woodland.

Character Species FR MC FR MC

... Allocasuarina littoralis 1.00 3.75 Pomaderris lanigera 0.75 1.50 Eucalyptus agglomerata 1.00 3.50 Gonocarpus teucrioides 0.75 1.25 Platysace lanceolata 1.00 2.00 Lomandra confertifolia 0.75 1.25 ssp. rubiginosa Coopernookia barbata 1.00 1.50 Acacia terminalis 0.75 1.00 Dodonaea triquetra 1.00 1.50 Logania albiflora 0.75 1.00 Lepidosperma laterale 1.00 1.25 Xanthosia pilosa 0.75 1.00 Patersonia glabrata 1.00 1.25 Dianella caerulea 0.75 0.75 Billardiera scandens 1.00 1.00 Lomandra multiflora 0.75 0.75 Entolasia stricta 1.00 1.00 Monotoca scoparia 0.75 0.75 Persoonia linearis 1.00 1.00 Notelaea venosa 0.75 0.75 Tetratheca thymifolia 1.00 1.00

Number of plots: 4 Plots: 14,15,60,92

Canopy height range: 20-35m Canopy cover range: 15-30%

Distribution: Scattered on rhyolite in the eastern half.

Physical Environment: Lower slopes or creeks, stony with at least some outcropping rock.

Altitude: 120-355m (mean=241m)

Mean Floristic Richness: 40 (excludes plot 92)

Comments: This community is intermediate in character between the other dry sclerophyll forest/woodland communities (NUL 3.l,NUL 3.2) 'and the shrub communities (NUL 1.1). Outcropping rock is not sufficiently developed to significantly suppress tree growth and allow full development of shrubland, although some species characteristic of shrubland may be present. Keith's plot 92 is interesting in more closely resembling shrubland and including the only record of Prostanthera rotundifolia for the study area.

Other similar communities: Intermediate between K&S 25 and K&S 26(1) . Plot 92, surveyed by Keith, is towards the shrubland end of the continuum and was classified by him as K&S 25.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -30-

o,

Location of plots in community NUL 4.1.

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Fortest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -31- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 4.1: Mixed damp sclerophyll forest

Character Species FR MC FR MC

Hierochloe rariflora 1.00 3.00 Goodenia ovata 0.71 1.14 Gonocarpus teucrioides 1.00 2.86 Poa meionectes 0.71 1.14 Pteridium esculentum 1.00 2.71 Stylidium graminifolium 0.71 1.14 .... Blechnum cartilagineum 1.00 2:00 Epacris impressa 0.71 1.00 Viola hederacea 1.00 1.71 Hibbertia dentata 0.71 0.86 Tetrarrhena juncea 0.86 3.14 Clematis aristata 0.71 0.71 Allocasuarina littoralis 0.86 2.00 Lindsaea microphylla 0.71 0.71 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.86 1.71 Eucalyptus sieberi 0.57 1.86 var. lanceolatus Billardiera scandens 0.86 1.29 Eucalyptus muelleriana 0.57 1.57 Dianella caerulea 0.86 1.29 Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 0.57 1.43 Elaeocarpus reticulatus 0.86 1.29 0.57 1.00 var. longlfolia Tetratheca thymifolia 0.86 1.14 Pultenaea daphnoides 0.57 0.86 Persoonia linearis 0.86 1.00 Hibbertia empetrifolia 0.57 0.71 Lepidosperma laterale 0.86 0.86 Lagenifera stipitata 0.57 0.57 0.86 0.86 Pandorea pandorana 0.57 0.57 Grevillea miqueliana 0.71 1.57 Tylophora barbata 0.57 0.57 Acacia terminalis 0.71 1.29

Number of plots: 7 Plots: 29,77,78,79,86,91,96

Canopy height range: 25-30m Canopy cover range: 25-60%,

Distribution: Widely distributed on rhyolite, in the eastern half of the area.

'" Physical Environment: Lower slopes or minor gullies, often with south-west aspect.

Altitude: 220-46Om (mean=290m)

Mean Floristic Richness: 43 (excluding plot 96)

Comments: This community is characterised by a dense to continuous ground cover, usually with Tetrarrhena juncea and Hierochloe rariflora prominent. There is a sparse to moderate medium shrub stratum. Although with a fairly consistent and characteristic understorey, overstorey composition is quite variable. Plots 77, 78 and 91 form a subgroup at the drier end of the spectrum, being dominated by Eucalyptus sieberi and including Acacia obtusifolia as a common understorey shrub. The other 4 plots are dominated by one or more of E. muelleriana, E. cypellocarpa and to a lesser extent, E. obliqua, and A. obtusifolia is absent. The significant species Grevillia miqueliana is a feature of this community and appears to occur only rarely in other communities.

Other similar communities: This seems to be a variant of K&S 9(II): Eucalyptus muellerianal Elaeocarpus reticulatus, but is sufficiently widespread and distinct in the study area to be considered separately. Plot 96, surveyed by Keith, was classified as K&S 9 (H).

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -32-

ClJ o -< 0.

N

o I 1

Location of plots in community NUL 4.2

Forestry Commission .of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -33- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 4.2: Eucalyptus obliqua-Eucalyptus sieberi damp sc1erophyll forest

Character Species FR MC FR MC

.., Eucalyptus obliqua 1.00 3.50 Epacris impressa 0.83 1.33 Pteridium esculentum 1.00 2.33 Stylidium graminifolium 0.83 1.33 Gonocarpus teucrioides 1.00 2.17 Poranthera microphylla 0.83 1.1'7 't- Persoonia linearis 1.00 1.83 Acacia obtusifolia 0.67 2.33 Leucopogon lanceolatus 1.00 1.67 Pultenaea benthamii 0.67 1.50 var. lanceolatus Billardiera scandens 1.00 1.00 Dianella tasmanica 0.67 1.17 Eucalyptus sieberi 0.83 3.00 Hierochloe rariflora 0.67 1.17 Acacia terminalis 0.83 2.67 Amperea xiphoclada 0.67 0.83 Tetrarrhena juncea 0.83 2.67 Xanthosia pilosa 0.67 0.67 Platysace lanceolata 0.83 1.50

Number of plots: 6 Plots: 21,24,25,31,52,68

Canopy height range: 25-40m Canopy cover range: 30-60%

Distribution: Widespread in the western part of the area, on sediments.

Physical Environment: Slopes with a range of aspects.

Altitude: 390-66Om (mean=493m)

Mean Floristic Richness: 35

Comments: This community is similar to NUL 4.1, but with more consistent occurence of Eucalyptus obliqua and some understorey floristic differences apparently related to .'i.< differences in geological substrates. Understorey is usually spaser than NUL 4.1, with sparse shrub layer and moderately dense ground cover. Plot 24 is an exception, with a very dense shrub layer of Acacia longifolia, A. terminalis and A. obtusifolia.

Other similar communities: Analogous to K&S 27: Eucalyptus obliqualE. steberilrultenaea daphnoides, which is regarded as inadequately represented in reserves.

...

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -34-

o I 1

Location ofplots in community Nul 5.1

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Fortest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -35- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 5.1: Eucalyptus smithii woodland.

Character Species FR MC FR MC

Eucalyptus smithii 1.00 3.00 Notelaea venosa 1.00 2.00 Melaleuca armillaris 1.00 3.00 Lepidosperma urophorum 1.00 2.00 Cassinia longifolia 1.00 2.00 Opercularia aspera 1.00 2.00. Dianella caerulea 1:00 2.00 Pandorea pandorana 1.00 2.00 Goodenia ovata 1.00 2.00 Smilax australis 1.00 2.00 Hibbertia dentata 1.00 2.00 Tylophora barbata 1.00 2.00 Kennedia rubicunda r.oo 2.00

Number of plots: 1 Plots: 17

Canopy height: 25m Canopy cover: 30%

Distribution: A single plot in the west of the area.

Physical Environment: Steep rocky creek, northerly aspect.

Altitude: 430m

Mean Floristic Richness: 47

Comments: An unusual community of very limited extent with some characteristics of shrubland.

Other similar communities: Not easily related to any community described by K&S.

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Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -36-

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Location ofplots in community NUL 5.2

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -37- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 5.2: Eucalyptus smithii-E. muelleriana damp sclerophyll forest.

Character Species FR MC FR MC

," Eucalyptus smithii 1.00 5.00 Notelaea venosa 1.00 2.00 Daviesia buxifolia 1.00 3.00 Senecio velleioides 1.00 2.00 Eucalyptus muelleriana 1.00 2.00 Tetrarrhena juncea 1.00 2.00 Goodenia ovata 1.00 2.00

Number of plots: 1 Plots: 23

Canopy height: 30m Canopy cover : 70%

Distribution: A single plot in the far south, on sedimentary geology.

Physical Environment: Lower slope with northeast aspect.

Altitude: 270m

Mean Floristic Richness: 34

Comments: This appears to have characteristics of both NUL 5.3 and NUL 5.4 but is fairly distinct because of the dominance of Eucalyptus smithii.

Other similar communities: Possibly a variant of K&S 26 (Il), although not easily related to any K&S community.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -38-

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Location of plots in community NUL 5.3

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Fortest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -39- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 5.3: Eucalyptus stebert-E. muelleriana damp sc1erophyll forest.

Character Species FR MC FR MC

"" Eucalyptus muelleriana LOO 3.00 Pteridium esculentum 0.80 1.20 Eucalyptus sieberi LOO 2.60 Dichetachne rara 0.80 1.00 Acacia falciformis LOO 2.40 Lomandra multiflora 0.80 1.00 Poa meionectes LOO 1.20 Billardiera scandens 0.80 0.80 Dianella caerulea LOO LOO Kennedia rubicunda 0.80 0.80 Acacia obtusifolia 0.80 1.80 Lepidosperma laterale 0.80 0.80 Cassinia longifolia 0.80 1.80 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.80 0.80 var. lanceolatus Eucalyptus smithii 0.80 1.80 Eucalyptus agglomerata 0.60 1.00 Microlaena stipoides 0.80 1.60 Persoonia linearis 0.60 0.80 Platysace lanceolata 0.80 1.60 Clematis aristata 0.60 0.60 Pomax umbellata 0.80 1.60 Dipodium punctatum 0.60 0.60 Opercularia aspera 0.80 1.20 Hibbertia dentata 0.60 0.60 Poranthera microphylla 0.80 1.20 Lomandra longifolia 0.60 0.60 ssp.longifolia

Number of plots: 5 Plots: 37,55,64,80,82,

Canopy height range: 25-30m Canopy cover range: 20-60%

Distribution: Scattered along the northwest boundary.

Physical Environment: Mostly fairly rocky mid to lower slopes, over a range of aspects, on Devonian sediments.

Altitude: 370-47Om (mean=412m)

Mean Floristic Richness: 34

Comments: Characterised by a very sparse medium (2-6m)shrub stratum (usually < 5% cover) and sparse to moderately dense .ground cover and low shrubs. Acacia longifolia, A. obtusifolia and Cassinia longifolia are frequent shrubs, but most sites had been recently burnt and had a correspondingly low shrub layer. Plot 80 was slightly unusual in that Daviesia buxifolia (absent from other plots in this group ) was fairly common. This plot provides a link between this community and NUL 5.4 in which D. buxifolia is characteristic.

Other similar communities: Seems similar to K&S 26(II) which is regarded as having a fairly restricted distribution and occuring mainly in Mt Imlay National Park.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -40-

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Location of plots in community NUL 5.4

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -41- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL S.4: E. sieberi-E. muelleriana-E, cypellocarpa damp sc1erophyll forest.

Character Species FR MC FR MC '" Daviesia buxifolia 1.00 4.50 Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 1.00 2.00 Eucalyptus muelleriana 1.00 3.00 Lomandra muliiflora 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.50 Lepidosperma laterale 1.00 1.50 Eucalyptus sieberi 1.00 2.50

Number of plots: 2 Plots: 18,58

Canopy height range: 25-35m Canopy cover range: 60-70%

Distribution: Limited areas south of Old Hut Creek, on metasediments.

Physical Environment: Moderately stony sites with northwest aspect. Plot 18 is a lower slope while plot 58 is a crest.

Altitude: 250-29Om

Mean Floristic Richness: 18

Comments: A floristically very poor community with Daviesia buxifolia and Acacia cognata predominant in the understorey. Plot 18 has a higher proportion of Eucalyptus . muelleriana and a very dense understorey of D.buxifolia, relative to the drier plot 58 with more E. sieberi and sparser understorey.

,~ Other similar communities: A moister variant of K&S 26(11).

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (part), Eden District, Eden Region -42-

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Locationof plots in community NUL5.5

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Fortest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of NuUica State Forest -43- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 5.5: Eucalyptus sieberi-E.agglomerata damp sc1erophyll forest

Character Species FR MC FR MC

1'1 Eucalyptus sieberi 1.00 5.00 Eucalyptus smithii 1.00 1.00 Daviesia buxifolia 1.00 4.00 Persoonia linearis 1.00 1.00 Eucalyptus agglomerata 1.00 1.00

Number of plots: 2 Plots: 65,72

Canopy height range: 25m Canopy cover range: 70%

Distribution: Limited areas in the far south-west of the area.

Physical Environment: Slightly stony ridge crests, moderately sloping with a north to northwest aspect.

Altitude: 350-36Om

Mean Floristic Richness: 11

Comments: This represents a drier variant of NUL 5.4, with even lower floristic diversity, almost exclusively dominated by Eucalyptus sieberi. As with NUL 5.4, Daviesia buxifolia is common in the moderately dense understorey, but Acacia cognata is absent, being replaced by A. obtusifolia or A. falciformis.

Other similar communities: A shrubby, drier variant of K&S 26(II). ,.It.

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Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Conunission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -44-

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Location of plotsin community NUL 6.1

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -45- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 6.1: Eucalyptus obliqua-E, cypellocarpa wet sclerophyll forest

Character Species FR MC FR MC

Acacia longifolia var. 1.00 4.00 Culcita dubia 0.75 3.75 longifolia Eucalyptus obliqua 1.00 3.25 Lomandra longifolia 0.75 1.50 ssp.longifolia Blechnum cartilagineum 1.00 2.75 Hierochloe rariflora 0.75 1.00 Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 1.00 2.75 Viola hederacea 0.75 1.00 Pteridium esculentum LOO 2.50 Hibbertia dentata 0.75 0.75 Gonocarpus teucrioides LOO 1.50 Tylophora barbata 0.75 0.75 Leucopogon lanceolatus LOO LOO var. lanceolatus

Number of plots: 4 Plots: 19,30,47,98

Canopy height range: 40-60m Canopy cover range: 40%

Distribution: Scattered stands in eastern half of the area, on rhyolite.

Physical Environment: Flat to gently sloping minor gullies, alluvial flats or creeks, various aspects, usually little or no surface rock. Plot 98 differs in being on a sheltered slope.

Altitude: 170-58Om (mean=273m)

Mean Floristic Richness: 27 (plot 98 excluded)

Comments: Generally with a moderately dense tall (> 6m) shrub stratum dominated by Acacia longifolia and very dense to closed ground cover of herbs and ferns, especially Culcita dubia. Plot 98 differs from the others in being on a drier site and in the absence of Culcita dubia. Tetrarrhena juncea is abundant in plots 19 and 98, but absent from the other plots. This community has many similarities with NUL 4.1 and NUL 4.2, but appears to represent the wetter end of the moisture gradient. It tends to have a few very abundant understorey species and lower floristic diversity.

Other similar communities: Seems to have some similarity to K&S 9(1) and K&S 9(II), but with mostly different overstorey and shrub species. Plot 98 is the dry extreme in this community and was classified by K&S as 27, and this community could be regarded as a moist variant of K&S 27.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of NulIica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -46-

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Location ofplots in community NUL 6.2

Forestry Conunission of New South Wales Fortest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -47- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 6.2: Eucalyptus muelleriana-E. fastigata wet sc1erophyll forest

Character Species ·FR MC FR MC j, Blechnum cartilagineum 1.00 4.00 Cissus hypoglauca 1.00 2.00 Culcita dubia 1.00 4.00 Clematis aristata 1.00 2.00 Sticherus lobatus 1.00 4.00 Gonocarpus teucrioides 1.00 2.00 Blechnum wattsii 1.00 3.00 Hierochloe rariflora 1.00 2.00 Cyathea australis 1.00 3.00 Leucopogon laneeolatus ,1.00 2.00 var. lanceolatus Elaeocarpus reticulatus 1.00 3.00 Pandorea pandorana 1.00 2.00 Entolasia stricta 1.00 3.00 Poa meionectes 1.00 2.00 Eucalyptus fastigata 1.00 3.00 Pultenaea benthamii 1.00 2.00 Eucalyptus muelleriana 1.00 3.00 Tylophora barbata 1.00 2.00 Bedfordia arborescens 1.00 2.00

Number Qf plots: 1 Plots: 20

Canopy height: 30m Canopy cover: 300"J

Distribution: Represented by a single plot in the centre of the area.

Physical Environment: .Stony, moderately steep, south facing minor gully.

Altitude: 450m

Mean Floristic Richness: 33

Comments: This plot appears to represent a community of very limited distribution which is transitional between NUL 6.1 and NUL 4.1.

Other similar communities: This plot has some similarities with K&S 9(1) and K&S 9(11).

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -48-

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Location of plots in community NUL 6.3

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Surveyof NuIlica State Forest -49- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 6.3: Eucalyptus fraxinoides wet sclerophyll forest.

Character Species FR MC FR MC

,., Eucalyptus fraxinoides LOO 5.00 Poa meionectes 1.00 3.00 Blechnum wattsii LOO 3.00 Pteridium esculentum 1.00 3.00 Culcita dubia 1.00 3.00 Blechnum cartilagineum 1.00 2.00 Dianella tasmanica 1.00 3.00 Lomandra confertifolia 1.00 2.00 ssp. leptostachya Gonocarpus teucrioides 1.00 3.00 Tetrarrhena juncea 1.00 2.00 Leucopogon lanceolatus 1.00 3.00 var. lanceolatus

Number of plots: 1 Plots: 49

Canopy height: 40m Canopy cover: 60%

Distribution: A small area on the western boundary of the study area:

Physical Environment: Moderately steep southerly slope on conglomerate.

Altitude: 690m

Mean Floristic Richness: 25

Comments: This communities has similarities to NUL 6.1 and NUL 4.2 but is distinctive because of the dominance of Eucalyptus fraxiniodes, a species of very limited distribution in the study area.

Other similar communities: Analagous to K&S 23: Eucalyptus fraxinoides/Tasmannia ,:li-. lanceolata.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales · Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -50-

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Location ofplots in community NUL 6.4

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Fortest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -51- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 6.4: Eucalyptus muelleriana-E. cypellocarpa wet sc1erophyll forest.

Character Species FR MC FR MC

Eucalyptus muelleriana 1.00 3.87 Lagenifera stipitata 0.75 1.12 Poa meionectes 1.00 1.87 Notelaea venosa 0.75 1.00 Tylophora barbata 1.00 1.87 Gonocarpus teucrioides 0.75 0.88 Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 1.00 1.62 Lomandra longifolia 0.75 0.88 ssp.longifolia Viola hederacea 1.00 1.62 Eustrephus latifolius 0.75 0.75 Billardiera scandens 1.00 1.37 Dianella tasmanica 0.63 0.88 Acacia longifolia 0.88 2.75 Hibbertia dentata 0.63 0.88 var. longifolia Tetrarrhena juncea 0.88 2.12 Hydrocotyle geraniifolia 0.63 0.88 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.88 '1.75 Poranthera microphylla 0.63 0.75 var. lanceolatus Senecio velleioides 0.88 0.88 Schelhammera undulata 0.63 0.75 Hierochloe rariflora 0.75 1.75 Clematis aristata 0.63 0.63

Number of plots: 8 Plots: 22,26,36,38,39,41,81,88,

Canopy height range: 30-40m Canopy cover range: 10-70%

Distribution: Fairly widespread in north and west of the study area.

Physical Environment: Mostly sheltered (east to south aspects) moderate to steep slopes. Most sites are moderately stony with small proportions of rock outcrops.

Altitude: 300-56Om (mean=423m)

Mean Floristic Richness: 36

Comments: Similar to NUL ,6.1, but representing the drier end of the wet sc1erophyll moisture gradient, with Eucalyptus obliqua absent and replaced by E. muelleriana. E. sieberi is absent from NUL 6.1, but occurs occasionally in this community. Understorey is dense but variable in structure and floristics. Some plots have a very dense medium shrub stratum of Acacia longifolia or A. cognata with sparse ground cover, with Tetrarrhena juncea and Hierochloe rariflora being prominent. Plot 81 is slightly unusual in having well developed rock outcrops and very dense understorey with Prostanthera incisa prominent.

Other similar communities: Analogous to K&S 9(II) but probably towards the drier end of the scale for that community.

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Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -52-

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Location ofplots in community NUL 6.5

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 ------

Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -53- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 6.5: Eucalyptus globoidea-E. cypellocarpa-E. smithii wet sclerophyll forest

Character Species FR MC FR MC

Goodenia ovata 1.00 5.00 Viola hederacea 1.00 3.00 Hierochloe rariflora 1.00 5.00 Gonocarpus teucrioides 1.00 2.00 Eucalyptus globoidea 1.00 4.00 Helichrysum obcordatum 1.00 2.00 macraeana 1.00 4.00 Hibbertia aspera 1.00 2.00 Acacia longifolia 1.00 3.00 Lepidosperma laterale 1.00 2.00 var. longifolia

Number of plots: 1 Plots: 28

Canopy height range: 25m Canopy cover range: 30%

Distribution: A single plot in the south-east of the area.

Physical Environment: Lower slope with south-west aspect.

Altitude: 190m

Mean Floristic Richness: 44

Comments: An unusual variant of NUL 6.4 dominated by Eucalyptus globoidea with a tall shrub stratum of Hakea macraeana and a dense ground cover of Hierochloe rariflora and Goodenia ovata.

Other similar communities: Not easily equated to any K&S community.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -54-

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Locationof plots in community NUL 6.6

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Fortest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -55- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 6.6: Eucalyptus cypellocarpa-E. bosistoana-E. globoidea wet sc1erophyll forest.

Character Species FR MC FR MC ji\ Acacia longijolia 1.00 4.00 Hibbertia aspera 1.00 3.00 var. longijolia ,.. Poa meionectes 1.00 4.00 Eucalyptus bosistoana 1.00 2.00 Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 1.00 3.00

Number of plots: 1 Plots: 43

Canopy height: 35m Canopy cover: 30%

Distribution: Single small area on a ridge adjacent to lower Old Hut Creek.

Physical Environment: Gentle slope with an easterly aspect.

Altitude: 150m

Mean Floristic Richness: 48

Comments: This seems to be an unusual, drier variant of NUL 6.4

Other similar communities: Not easily related to any K&S community.

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Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -56-

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Location ofplots in community NUL 6.7

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -57- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 6.7: Eucalyptus fasigata-E, cypellocarpa wet sclerophyll forest.

Character Species FR MC FR MC I.' Eucalyptus cypellocarpa LOO 2.50 Oxalis chnoodes 0.80. 0.90 Tylophora barbata LOO 1.90 Leucopogon lanceolatus 0.80 0.80 var. lanceolatus Oplismenus imbecillus LOO 1.80 Doodia aspera 0.70 1.30 Pimelea axiflora LOO 1.80 Hibbertia dentata 0.70 1.20 Smilax australis LOO 1.70 Goodenia ovata 0.70 1.10 Stellaria jlaccida LOO 1.50 Viola hederacea 0.70 1.00 Blechnum cartilagineum 0.90 2.60 Gahnia melanocarpa 0.70 0.90 Pomaderris aspera 0.90 2.10 Lagenifera stipitata 0.70 0.80 Cyathea australis 0.90 2.00 Bedfordia arborescens 0.60 1.40 Clematis aristata 0.90 1.50 Prostanthera lasianthos 0.60 1.30 Eucalyptus jastigata 0.80 2.60 Blechnum nudum 0.60 1.20 Tetrarrhena juncea 0.80 2.20 Poa meionectes 0.60 1.00 Acacia longifolia 0.80 1.70 Desmodium varians 0.60 0.90 var. longifolia Pteridium esculentum 0.80 1.70 Hydrocotyle geraniifolia 0.60 0.80 Hierochloe rariflora 0.80 1.60 Microlaena stipoides 0.60 0.70 Elaeocarpus reticulatus .0.80 1.20 Rubus rosifolius 0.60 0.70 Senecio linearifolius 0.80 1.20 Veronica notabilis 0.60 0.70 Echinopogon ovatus 0.80 1.10 Sigesbeckia orientalis 0.60 0.60 Coprosma quadrifida 0.80 1.00 Billardiera scandens 0.60 0.60 Notelaea venosa . 0.80 0.90 Dianella tasmanica 0.60 0.60

Number of plots: 10 Plots: 2,33,34,35,44,45,48,89,90,99

Canopy height range: 35-40m Canopy cover range: 15-50%

Distribution: Occurs extensively along major streams throughout the area.

Physical Environment: Mainly lower slopes and alluvial flats adjacent to major streams. Plot 45 is on a crest of low relief immediately adjacent to a stream.

Altitude: 140-36Om (mean=208m)

Mean Floristic Richness: 57

Comments: A tall open forest with variable but floristically rich understorey, often with a moderately dense tall shrub layer and moderately dense to dense ground cover. Frequent shrubs include Pomaderris aspera, Acacia longifolia and Cyathea australis. Common herbs include Blechnum cartilagineum and Tetrarrhena juncea. This represents the moist end of the range of tall open forests in the area, and some plots, notably 90, have similarities with NUL 9.1.

Other similar communities: A low altitude variant of K&S 5: Eucalyptus jastigata/Olearia argophylla with some floristic differences attributable to the difference in altitude.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -58-

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Location ofplots in community NUL 7.1

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Fortest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -59- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community Nl.!L 7.1: Eucalyptus bosistoana-E, smithii-E. maidenii forest

Character Species FR MC FR MC

.. ' Eucalyptus bosistoana 1.00 3.00 Plectranthus parvijlorus 0.75 1.67 Indigofera australis 1.00 3.00 Echinopogon ovatus 0.75 1.33 var. australis Desmodium varians 1.00 2.00 Galium propinquum 0.75 1.33 Dichondra repens 1.00 2.00 Eucalyptus smithii 0.75 1.33 Glycine clandestina 1.00 2.00 Microlaena stipoides 0.75 1.33 Lomandra longifolia 1.00 2.00 Geranium homeanum 0.75 1.33 ssp.longijolia Plantago debilis 1.00 1.67 Pittosporum revolutum 0.75 1.00 Clematis aristata 1.00 1.00 Pellaeafalcata 0.75 1.00 var. falcata Acacia melanoxylon 0.75 2.67 Lagenifera stipitata 0.75 0.67 Eucalyptus muelleriana 0.75 2.67 Lepidosperma laterale 0.75 0.67 Eucalyptus maidenii 0.75 2.67 Billardiera scandens 0.75 0.67 Poa labillardieri 0.75 2.33 Oxalis chnoodes 0.75 0.67 Sigesbeckia orientalis 0.75 2.00

Number of plots: 4 Plots: 10,11,42,93

Canopy height range: 30-35m Canopy cover range: 15-50%

Distribution: Small patches in the northern part of the area, in Jingera Flora Reserve. A patch of apparently similar vegetation,not sampled, occurs along Gree Road.

Physical Environment: Variable topography, but on soils apparently derived from isolated basalt patches, with little surface rock.

Altitude: 31O-42Om (mean=375m)

Mean Floristic Richness: 43 (excluding plot 93)

Comments: This community represents a floristically distinct group characterised by several species (eg. Eucalyptus bosistoana, E. maidenii and Indigofera australis) which are rare or absent in other communities in the study area.

Other similar communities: Shows many floristic similarities to K&S 16: Eucalyptus maidenii/Eucalyptus bosistoana/Plectranthus parviflorus, but plot 93, surveyed by Keith, was classified by him as an unusual stand of K&S 14: Eucalyptus globoidea/ Senecio sp. aff. apargiaefolius.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey ofNulIica State Forest (Part). Eden District, Eden Region -60-

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Location ofplots in community NUL 8.1

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No'. 10 -~------

Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -61- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 8.1: Eucalyptus smithii mixed forest I

Character Species FR MC FR MC j.. Acacia falciformis 1.00 3.00 Stellaria flaccida 1.00 3.00 Beyeria lasiocarpa 1.00 3.00 Carex appressa 1.00 2.00 Eucalyptus smithii 1.00 3.00 Marsdenia rostrata 1.00 2.00 Exocarpos cupressiformis 1.00 3.00 Notelaea venosa 1.00 2.00 Pittosporum undulatum 1.00 3.00 Poa labillardieri 1.00 2.00

Number of plots: 1 Plots: 50

Canopy height range: 30m Canopy cover range: 30%

Distribution: A restricted area in the north-west. Small areas of similar vegetation were noted on lower slopes north of Barwon Road.

Physical Environment: Steep easterly minor gully.

Altitude: 390m

Mean Floristic Richness: 40

Comments: An unusual community which appears to represent a transition between dry forest and closed forest. It has some floristic similarities to NUL 8.2, but a very different structure with a well developed tree canopy, much sparser shrub stratum and denser ground cover. It possibly represents a fire-induced successional variant of NUL 8.2.

Other similar communities: Not easily related to any community described by K&S.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Conunission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -62-

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Locationof plots in community NUL 8.2

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Fortest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -63- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 8.2: Eucalyptus smithii mixed forest Il,

Character Species FR MC FR MC

j., <::assinia trinerva 1.00 4.00 Beyeria lasiocarpa 1.00 1.00 Commersonia fraseri 1.00 4.00 Calomeria amaranthoides 1.00 1.00 Goodenia ovata 1.00 4.00 Cassinia aculeata 1.00 1.00 Marsdenia rostrata 1.00 4.00 Danthonia longifolia 1.00 1.00 Phyllanthus gasstroemii LOO 4.00 Exocarpos cupressiformis 1.00 1.00 Acacia falciformis 1.00 3.00 Lepidosperma laterale 1.00 1.00 Eucalyptus smithii 1.00 3.00 Rorippa gigantea 1.00 1.00 Prostanthera incisa 1.00 3.00 Urtica incisa 1.00 1.00 var, pubescens

Number of plots: 1 Plots: 51

Canopy height range: 40m Canopy cover range: 40%

Distribution: A single plot south of Dobbyns Road. Similar stands occur in narrow strips along the margins of closed forest along several streams to the south.

Physical Environment: Steep lower slope with northerly aspect.

Altitude: 360m

Mean Floristic Richness: 17

~ Comments: An ecotonal community of limited extent occuring at the margin ,of NUL 9.1.

Other similar communities:

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Conunission of New South Wales ------

Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -64-

Location ofplots in community NUL 8;3

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -65- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 8.3: Notelaea venosa closed shrubland.

Character Species FR MC FR MC

Notelaea venosa 1.00 3.50 Clematis glycinoides 1.00 1.50 Cissus hypoglauca 1.00 3.00 Eriostemon trachyphyllus 1.00 1.50 Acmena smithii 1.00 2.50 Geitonoplesium cymosum 1.00 1.50 Acacia falciformis 1.00 2.00 Pittosporum undulatum 1.00 1.50 Beyeria lasiocarpa 1.00 2.00 Rapanea howittiana 1.00 1.50 Cassinia longijolia 1.00 2.00 Asplenium flabellijolium 1.00 1.00 Commersonia fraseri 1.00 2.00 Eucalyptus smithii 1.00 1.00 Elaeocarpus reticulatus 1.00 2.00 Exocarpos cupressijormis 1.00 1.00 Marsdenia rostrata 1.00 2.00 Lepidosperma urophorum 1.00 1.00 Smilax australis 1.00 2.00 Pellaea jalcata var.nana 1.00 1.00 Cassinia trinerva 1.00 1.50

Number of plots: 2 Plots: 56, 57

Canopy height range: 5-15m Canopy cover range: 8-80%

Distribution: A well defined but limited area along a gully in the upper catchment of Old Hut Creek.

Physical Environment: Very steep, very stony lower slopes and gullies.

Altitude: 350-400m

Mean Floristic Richness: 36

Comments: A distinct closed shrubland with abrupt (probably maintained by fire) boundaries '+ with adjacent open forest. It has obvious affinities with NUL 9.1 and probably repre­ sents a variant of that community in a marginal habitat.

Other similar communities: No similar community reported by K&S.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State .Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -66-

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Location ofplots in community NUL 9.1

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Fortest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -67- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community.NUL 9.1: Acmena smithii closed forest.

Character Species FR MC FR MC

~. Acmena smithii 1.00 4.60 Olearia argophylla 0.80 1.40 Lastreopsis microsora 1.00 3.40 Pittosporum undulatum 0.80 1.40 Cissus hypoglauca 1.00 3.20 Coprosma quadrifida 0.80 1.00 Pteris umbrosa 1.00 2.80 Notelaea venosa 0.80 1.00 Marsdenia rostrata 1.00 2.40 Pomaderris aspera 0.80 1.00 Cyathea australis 1.00 2.20 Dicksonia antarctica 0.60 1.80 Blechnum cartilagineum 1.00 2.00 Blechnum patersonii 0.60 1.40 Morinda jasminoides 1.00 2.00 Blechnum wattsii 0.60 1.20 Smilax australis 1.00 2.00 Fieldia australis 0.60 1.20 Doodia aspera: 1.00 1.40 Microsorum scandens 0.60 1.00 Pandorea pandorana 1.00 1.20 Elaeocarpus reticulatus 0.60 0.80 Geitonoplesium cymosum 1.00 1.00 Parsonsia brownii 0.60 0.80 Eupomatia laurina 0.80 2.40 Pellaea falcata var. nana 0.60 0.80 Lastreopsis acuminata 0.80 1.80 Rubus roslfolius 0.60 0.60 Polystichum prolijerum 0.80 1.60 Sarcopetalum harveyanum 0.60 0.60 Asplenium jlabellijolium 0.80 1.40 Tmesipteris parva 0.60 0.60

Number of plots: 5 Plots: 1,3,4,8,46

Canopy height range: 15-25m Canopy cover range: 20-95%

Distribution: Occurs as isloated stands of fairly limited extent, mostly along streams in the upper Yowaka River catchment.

Physical Environment: Lower slopes and creeks, often alluvial flats, mainly gently sloping but often very stony...... Altitude: 160-380m (mean=276m)

Mean Floristic Richness: 37

Comments: A very distinctive community dominated by Acmena smithii which forms mostly narrow stands along sheltered creeks and slopes. The canopy is often of very variable height, but a well developed, even, closed canopy may extend over several hectares. The vines Cissus hypoglauca and Marsdenia rostrata are common and often dominate in canopy gaps. Ground cover varies from sparse to very dense and characteristically consists of ferns such as Lastreopsis microsora and Pteris umbrosa. Trees ferns (Cyathea australis and Dicksonia antarctica) are often common.

Other similar communities: Included within K&S 2 (I): Acmena smithiilliupomatia laurina.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -68-

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Location ofplots in community NUL 9.2

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -69- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Community NUL 9.2: Eucalyptus fastigata-Acmena smithii mixed forest.

Character Species FR MC FR MC

Eucalyptus fastigata LOO 5.00 Rubus rosifolius 1.00 2.00 Dicksonia antarctica 1.00 4.00 Smilax australis 1.00 2.00 Acmena smithii LOO 3.00 Urtica incisa 1.00 2.00 Cyathea australis LOO 3.00 Acacia cognata 1.00 1.00 Lastreopsis acuminata LOO 3.00 Acacia melanoxylon 1.00 1.00 Olearia argophylla LOO 3.00 Blechnum patersonii 1.00 1.00 Polystichum prolijerum 1.00 3.00 Elaeocarpus reticulatus 1.00 1.00 Asplenium flabellijolium 1.00 2.00 Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 1.00 1.00 Australina pusilla LOO 2.00 Geranium potentilloides 1.00 1.00 var. potentilloides Bedjordia arborescens 1.00 2.00 Goodia lotifolia 1.00 1.00 Coprosma quadrifida LOO 2.00 Hydrocotyle geraniijolia 1.00 1.00 Entolasia stricta 1.00 2.00 Microsorum diversijolium 1.00 1.00 Eucalyptus elata 1.00 2.00 Notelaea venosa 1.00 1.00 Fieldia australis 1.00 2.00 Oxalis chnoodes 1.00 1.00 Marsdenia rostrata 1.00 2.00 Stellaria flaccida 1.00 1.00 Parsonsia brownii 1.00 2.00 Tylophora barbata 1.00 1.00

Number of plots: 1 Plots: 32

Canopy height: 40m Canopy cover: 60%

Distribution: A single plot in the upper catchment of Old Hut Creek.

Physical Environment: Moderately steep, rocky south-easterly creek.

'+- Altitude: 520m

Mean Floristic Richness: 33

Comments: This community is transitional between NUL 6.7 and NUL 9.1. It differs from the latter in the less well developed stratum of Acmena smithii and the presence of Eucalyptus fastigata overstorey which is absent from NUL 9.1. The higher altitude is reflected in the greater abundance of Dicksonia antarctica.

Other similar communities: No similar community described by K&S.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of NulIica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -70-

DISCUSSION

1. Comparison ofNUL Communities with Forestry Commission Forest Types

(a) Field Forest Types. Table 4A summarises a comparison between the field Forest Type and NUL community for all survey plots. There is a moderate degree of association between the two classifications. The variation is a reflection of each of the classifications being based on different components of the vegetation, Forestry Commission forest types being based on relative abundance of overstorey species and the numerical classification using the total community. Wide disparity suggests a variable relationship between overstorey and understorey composition. In many cases, a NUL community corresponds to several related Forestry Commission forest types and a single Forest Type may include several NUL communities.

(b) Mapped Forest Types. A comparison between NUL communities and Mapped Forest types is shown in Table 4B. The relationship between Forest Type mapping based on API and floristic communities derived from plot data is important for assessing the distribution of communities. Unfortunately, the relationship is not simple, because in addition to the often complex association between overstorey and understorey described above, it is confounded by the generally small scale of mapping relative to plot size and, infrequently, apparent misidentification of species from air photos (e.g. E. muelleriana and E. obliqua possibly confused in the present survey area). Often, especially for patches of limited extent, map units in one area may be homogeneous and correspond closely to a single floristic community, but the same map units elsewhere are floristically different. More extensive map units cover a range of environments and usually include a range of floristic communities.

Map units 14, 14/26 and 26 are minor structural variants of one floristic type and correspond closely to NUL 9.1. Map units of restricted extent, such as 88, 155 and 156, each correspond to a single community, but these communities also occur in other map units. The most extensive map units 112, 114 and 157 include a range of floristic communities, 157 being especially variable. Map unit 165 is also very variable. The characteristic overstorey species, E. smithii, occurs as a dominant in a very wide range of habitats and is correspondingly associated with a wide range of communities, from transitional rainforest to dry open forest on exposed rocky slopes. It also occurs as an emergent in shrub communities.

2. Significant Plant Species

The conservation significance of plant species is assessed on a national and regional basis. Briggs and Leigh (1988) is used as a standard for assessing national significance. Binns (1988) and Keith (in prep.) are used as a guide for assessing regional conservation significance. The region considered is that defined in Binns (1988).

The study area is characterised by a relatively high proportion of significant species, especially those regarded as nationally significant. Of the total of 392 native taxa, 36 are regarded as of conservation or biogeographic significance, 10 of these being nationally rare or threatened. The latter includes several local endemics and represents 23% of the total number of nationally significant species recorded for the region. Most of the nationally significant significant species are associated with rhyolite, and some are essentially restricted to shrub communities on outcrops.

Distribution and conservation status of significant species is described below and summarised in Table 5. For each species described below, plots and outcrops in which the species has been recorded are listed in parentheses. Some occurrences of significant species were noted other

Forestry Conunission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 f ... 4 ~ .. ."

61 Table 4A. Comparison of NUL vegetation communities with RN 17 forest types as recorded in the field. ~ 1 ""... ~ f] 0

~I Field Forest Type Cl) (0

~'I 14 88 112 114 121 123 150 151 152 154 155 156 157 158 162 165 169 224 234 Total "" ~ NULl.1 6" 6 ~I NULl.2 1 1 NULl.3 3 3 NUL3.1 6 5 11 NUL3.2 2 5 7 NUL3.3 1 2 3 NUL4.1 2 1 1 1 1 6 NUL4.2 1 3 1 1 6 NUL5.1 1 1 NUL5.2 1 1 NUL5.3 1 2 1 1 5 I~ NUL5.4 1 1 2 NUL5.5 2 2 NUL6.1 1 2 3 NUL6.2 1 1 NUL6.3 1 1 ~ NUL6.4 4 4 8 ... 61 1 1 I>' ~ NUL6.5 "" NUL6.6 1 1 8- ~ '"!1 o NUL6.7 1 1 5 1 1 9 ~§ 0 1 1 ~ I>' NUL7.1 1 3 ~CI) ~, NUL8.1 - 1 1 "" ~~ ""g' NUL8.2 1 1 g~ \:::lo ....,0 NUL8.3 2 2 t;j' ...., NUL9.1 5 5 Et ~ ~ o ...... ~ NUL9.2 1 1 rl=': Cl) ~~ 0 ~~ S- TOTAL 5 1 13 15 2 1 3 1 2 2 5 3 9 3 6 1 7 5 7 ~O' ~61 ~ er~ ~ "" ::l "'I1 "'I1~ 0 Table 4B. Comparison of NUL vegetation communities with RN 17 forest types as mapped. o 0 Cl 'a ... '" ~ ~'" ;:[3 Cl '"Op.. 0 e; "'I1 ,c.~. § ~. Mapped Forest Type tI1~ ~r:n '"cr ::s ~~ 14 26 112 114 121 150 151 152 154 156 157 ~ 0 88 155 158 158 162 165 224 234 Total ...... "''< /157 /224 a.0 ~ n ..... ~ ;~ r:n p..- 0 NULl.1 1 1 4 6 ~ ~ = ::s ~ ;:r NULl.2 1 1 ::tlr:n ~ ~ s- NULl. 3 1 2 3 .... fD" e:. Cl> NUL3.1 7 3 1 11 s '" NUL3.2 3 3 1 7 NUL3.3 1 2 3 NUL4.1 4 2 6 NUL4.2 1 1 2 1 1 6 NUL5.1 1 1

NUL5.2 1 1 'I~ NUL5.3 2 2 1 5 NUL5.4 1 1 2 NUL5.5 2 2 NUL6.1 1 1 1 3 NUL6.2 1 1 NUL6.3 1 1 NUL6.4 1 1 3 3 8 NUL6.5 1 1 NUL6.6 1 1 NUL6.7 1 1 3 1 1 2 9 61 Cl NUL7.1 2 1 3 ~ ::tl NUL8.1 1 1 ~ NUL8.2 1 1 '"0 =~ NUL8.3 2 2 ~ NUL9.1 3 1 1 5 '"r:n ~ NUL9.2 1 1 ~. '" ~I TOTAL 3 1 2 20 11 5 3 2 3 2 3 3 10 3 3 1 4 4 7 .... 0

... 11 I( ,r.,) .~ " 1- >i :I ¥ lI, ", '"Ij Table 5 (cont.) 61::;1 0 ... 0 ~ ~ ... '" ::.§'" P> ~ "'0.. o ~'"Ij 0 Species Risk RCS Regional Occurrence Conservation Status Comments ....., P> . § Code in Reserves (excl. study area) in study area rep> ~, '" ~ ~ '"0' 0'< ;:l Westringia davidii 2V M - M; Jingera PR, PMP 1.1.7 Local endemic' 1;;' ~ 0 ".., p.....,5',6 ~ Mimosa Rocks Alectryon subcinereus S NP N Also Mumbulia SF, trl~ ~ 0...... en Yurammie SF 0 9 g: l:: Coolangubra SF :;I:lP> S" ~ en

Boronia rigens S - T; Jingera PR Also Coolumbooka area Davallia pyxidata S - T; PMP 1.1.7 Also Biamanga AP and BembokaSF I~

Daviesia acicularis M Ben Boyd NP Not reserved Southern limit

Daviesia wyattiana S - S; PMP 1.1.7 Dodonaea multijuga S - T; Jingera PR Southern limit; also SF

Eriostemon myoporoides S Nethercote Falls PR M; Jingera PR, PMP 1.1.7 Also Bemboka SF, ~I Murrah VCL ~

~I Eriostemon virgatus S MtImlayNP S; Jingera PR Northern limit l:: 8 ~I Gahnia mierostachya S Nethercote Falls PR M; Jingera PR, PMP 1.1.7 Also Bemboka SF en ~

~'I Grevillea miqueliana S - S; PMP 1.1.7 Locally endemic form ~ .... 0

( )ti ~ • " '''!, >j, 'ol, • ~ •

Table 5 (cont.) ~I ...'" i'l ~ Species Risk RCS Regional Occurrence Conservation Status Comments 11 Code in Reserves (excl. study area) in study area '"en

~·IKorthalsella rubra S - T; PMP 1.1.7 Also Nadgee SF '"z Leucopogon attenuatus M Mount Poole FP, M;, PMP 1.1.7 ~I Nethercote Falls PR

Leucopogon setiger S - S; PMP 1.1.7 Southern limit Mirbelia pungens N - N Also Bemboka SF

Omalanthus populifolius T Bellbird Ck NR, Nadgee NR T; PMP 1.1.7

Pellaea falcata N - N Also Mumbulla SF var. nana I'~ Poa cheelii S Nethercote Falls PR M; PMP 1.1.7 Southern limit; Also Yurammie SF

Pomaderris ledifolia M Mount Poole FP S; PMP 1.1.7 ~ ... 61 Prasophyllum flavum S Mount Poole FP N ;0 Cil 8- ~'" "Tj o Prostanthera nivea M Nethercote Falls PR T; Jingera PR Also "Lochiel" ~§ 0 el ;0 .cen ~. Prostanthera phylicifolia M Egan Peaks NR M; PMP 1.1.7 '" to~ '"cr ~~ ::I 0 Prostanthera rotundifolia M Mount Poole FP, Nadgee NR T; Jingera PR og, ..... t;;°z ~ Soe. :l;! Sticherus flabellatus M Bellbird Creek NR, Nadgee NR, N ~5- en 0 Ben Boyd NP re~ c:: g S Er S i'l"Tj Stipa semibarbata M Nadgee NR, Nunnock Swamp PR N J8 0 ~ gO~ '" '"rj Table 5 (cont.) '"rj~ 0 'ao 0 ... n1 tIl 10 tIl .::.§ ~ '"Cp.. o ~'"rj Species Risk RCS Regional Occurrence Conservation Status Comments ::-'§ Code in Reserves (excl. study area) in study area re10 I.tIl tIl g en g' t:l~ I;ii' (ll 0 ...., 5'.~ Tetratheca subaphylla ?M Mt Imlay NP, Nalbaugh NP N Also Coolangubra SF, Cl ...., ~ "z :$l East Boyd SF t'r1=p..- en g ~ 10 s :::0 So Tmesipteris parva M Egan Peaks NR, Wandella FP, N (ll en ~ CG.S' Maxwells Creek FR, Werrinook FR g fD ~ tIl

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61 n1 S!1. i ~ Il en (ll

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~ ~ A ~ Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -77- (part), Eden District, Eden Region

than in survey plots or previously surveyed outcrops. For these species, approximate locations of all recorded occurrences are shown in Figures 2a-2g.

In the following discussion, Nullica rhyolite is used as a general term to describe areas of rhyolite and related geology in Nullica S.F., Gnupa S.F. and adjacent private property to the north and east.

Acacia subtilinervis (67,69,R1,R4,R5,R7,Rll) - listed as nationally rare, coded 3RCa, by Briggs and Leigh (1988). Within Eden region it occurs on Nullica rhyolite, on conglomerate in Bemboka S.F. and has been reported from Mt Im1ay. It is localised in all areas although some populations are quite large. It is reserved in Nethercote Falls F.R. and Jingera F.R. Within the study area it has been recorded only in shrub communities on rhyolite outcrops.

Acronychia oblongijolia (8) - widely distributed mainly in near-coastal areas (Mumbulla S.F., Mimosa Rocks N.P., Bellbird Creek N.R.. , Tantawangalo S.F., Timbillica S.F.) but uncommon in the region, occurring only as small isolated populations. Only a few individuals were seen in the study area, but the species is expected to occur sporadically throughout the more well devel oped patches of rainforest (NUL 9.1). .

Alectryon subcinereus (8) - although recorded from a number of localities (Bega River, Mumbulla S.F., Mimosa Rocks N.P., Yurammie S.F., Coolangubra S.F.), this species usually occurs in very small populations and is considered regionally uncommon.

Boronia rigens (RI 1) - regionally rare, known otherwise only from the Coolumbooka area east of Bombala. Only a single population is known from the study area, consisting of less than 20 .

Cryptostylis hunteriana (R6) - listed as nationally rare by Briggs and Leigh (1988), coded 3VC. Known from Eden region by only few individuals, from the present study area and Ben Boyd .,. N.P..

Davallia pyxidata (RIO) - regionally uncommon, occurring as small populations in Bemboka S.F., VCL north of Mumbulla Mountain and the Nullica rhyolite area. It has been recorded only from outcrop 10 in the study area, but also from an outcrop in private property just to the north.

Daviesia acicularis - within the region, known only from Ben Boyd N.P. and the present study area. Only two small populations have been recorded in the latter area, both in open forest on rhyolite, one on a ridge above RI (Albrecht 1986) and the other on a stony slope near plot 66.

Daviesia wyattiana (67,87,R4,R7,R8) - widespread but of scattered occurrence in the study area, mostly in open forest or woodland on rhyolite and sometimes associated with rock outcrops. Within Eden region it appears to occur only in this area.

Dodonaea multijuga (Rll,R13) - a regionally significant species occurring as small populations in Bemboka S.F. and the present study area, where it apparently reaches its southern limit of distribution. Within the study area, a small population has been recorded from outcrop R13 (Jingera F.R.) and a single plant on outcrop Rll.

Eriostemon myoporoides (15,54,66,67,74,75,Rl,R4,R9) - although fairly widespread on Nullica rhyolite, this species is regionally uncommon, occurring otherwise in Bemboka S.F. and VCL. In the study area it occurs exclusively on rhyolite outcrops, especially near creeks.

Eriostemon vtrgatus (53,79) - a predominantly Tasmanian species which occurs in a few scattered localities in Victoria and N.S.W. In N.S.W. it is confined to Eden region where it occurs in the Mount Imlay area and the present study area. In the latter, it is known from only

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -78-

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Figure 2(A). Approximate locations ofpopulations of Daviesia wyattiana.

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Fortest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -79- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

..

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Figure 2(B). Approximatelocations ofpopulations of Grevillea miqueliana.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -80-

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Figure 2(e). Approximate locations ofpopulations of Leucopogon setiger.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -81- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

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.,.

Figure 2(D). Approximate locations ofpopulations of Phebalium ralstonii.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -82-

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Figure 2(E). Approximate locationsof populations of Pseudanthus divaricatissimus.

Forestry Conunission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of NulIica State Forest -83- (part), Eden District, Eden Region

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Figure 2(F). Approximate locations ofpopulations of Pultenaea villifera.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -84-

37"5--

& Daviesia acicularis

• Erioslemon vlrqatus

o Gahnia microslachya

Li. Pomaderris virga la

• Prasophyllum f1avum 1

Figure 2(G). Approximate locations ofpopulations of: Daviesia acicularis, Eriostemon virgatus, Gahnia microstachya, Pomaderris virgata, Prasophyllumflavum.

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -85- (part), Eden District, Eden Region

4 small populations recorded during the present study, in a range of open forest habitats, including a population in Jingera F.R..

... Gahnia microstachya (53,Rl,Rll) - a regionally significant species occurring in Bemboka S.P. and Nullica rhyolite areas. It is reserved in Nethercote Falls F.R.. In the study area it is locally common on and near outcrops.

Grevillea miqueliana (20,29,73,77,78,79,86,Rl,R4,R5) - this species has been included in G. victoriae byMacgillivray in a recent revision of the genus. The form occurring in the study area is a distinctive entity which is apparently endemic to the Nullica rhyolite and may eventually be elevated to separate subspecific or specific status. Within this area, it is widespread in a range of open forest habitats and often locally abundant, especially in community NUIA.l.

Hibbertia sp. novo (aff. hermanniijolia) (16,52) - an apparently undescribed and previously uncollected taxon which is similar to H. hermanniijolia but seems sufficiently distinct to warrant separate specific status. Using the criteria of Briggs and Leigh (1988), it would be coded 2V. It is apparently endemic to Nullica S.F., currently known only from a population of less than 500 plants scattered over several hectares around plots 16 and 52 plus a single individual about 50m upslope from plot 67.

Korthalsella rubra (1) - an insignificant species which is parasitic on rainforest trees and easily overlooked. The single individual recorded from plot 1 is only the second record for the region, the other being Nadgee S.F..

Leucopogon attenuatus (9,69,70,7l,Rl) - sparsely distributed and uncommon in the study area, only on and adjacent to rhyolite outcrops. Regionally uncommon, occurring in the Nullica area including Nethercote Falls F.R. and at Mount Poole.

Leucopogon setiger (13,14,66,70,Rl,R4,R5,R7,R8) - regarded as uncommon throughout its range and at the southern limit of its distribution in the present study area, the only area within Eden region from which it is known. Locally common in shrubland on rock outcrops and in forest or woodland on rocky slopes, and occasionally along rocky creek banks.

Mirbelia pungens (69) - a rare species in Eden region and. in the southern part of its range (S. N.S.W.,E. Victoria) generally. Only two small populations, each less than ten plants and both in shrub communities, have been recorded in the region, one in this study area and the other in Bemboka S.P. on conglomerate.

Pellaea falcata var. nana (3) - regionally uncommon, recorded from the Nadgee area and Mumbulla S.F.? Only a few plants were recorded during the present study, in Acmena smithii closed forest.

Phebalium ralstonii (9,15,53,62,66,67,69,70,7l,75,87,93,95,98,Rl,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,Rll) - a nationally threatened (2VCi) local endemic occurring only in the Nullica area, including Egan Peaks N.R. Widespread and often locally common in the study area, mostly associated with rock outcrops but in a range of communities.

Poa cheelii - an infrequently recorded species which is considered regionally uncommon but may have been previously overlooked. In addition to Nullica rhyolite outcrops, it has been reported from Nethercote Falls P.R., Yurammie S.F. and the Tanja area. It was not recorded during the present study.

Pomaderris ledijolia .(53,62,R3) - a regionally rare species known only from the present study area and near Mount Poole. Locally abundant in plot 62, but otherwise uncommon and restricted in the study area.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -86-

Pomaderris virgata - a nationally rare species, coded 2RC-. It is widespread in Eden region, but with a very localised distribution pattern. A single small population was recorded in the study area, less than 20 plants occurring in shrubland on an outcrop in Jingera ER.

Prasophyllum flavum - although widely distributed in eastern Australia and not listed by Keith, this species appears to be uncommon throughout its range, often occurring as isolated individuals or very small populations. It has a very short active growing period and is easily overlooked. Two plants were recorded during the present survey, both in gravel on roadsides.

Prasophyllum sp. aff. morrisii (62,RI,R5) - a nationally endangered (2E), local endemic, known from only four small populations (including one in Nethercote Falls ER.), all in shrubland on rhyolite outcrops.

Prostanthera nivea - this species was not-recorded during the present study but has been reported from Jingera ER. It is rare in the region, known otherwise only from small populations in Nethercote ER. and a vague record from nearby Lochiel.

Prostanthera phylicifolia (9) - regionally uncommon, occurring only in Nullica rhyolite areas, Egan Peaks N.R.-and Mount Poole. Local on few outcrops in the study area in shrub communities, sometimes common over restricted areas.

Prostanthera rotundifolia (93) - regionally uncommon, the only other records being from Mount Poole and an old specimen vaguely labelled "". The population on a minor outcrop at plot 93 is the only record for the study area.

Pseudanthus divaricatissimus (66,69,70,71,RI,R5,R7) - a nationally rare species (3RCa) which is fairly widespread in Eden region and reserved in Nadgee N.R. and Narrabarba Peak ER. It occurs in a number of localities in the study area, mostly in shrub communities on rhyolite outcrops or along rocky creek banks, and is often locally common.

Pultenaea villifera (53,73,93,98,RI,R4,R6,R7,R8,RII) - a nationally rare species (3RCa) which is represented by a disjunct population at its southern limit in Eden region. Within the region it has been recorded only from the present study area, where it is widespread and often locally ... abundant. It occurs most commonly on skeletal rhyolite ridges and slopes in open forest or woodland, often near or associated with outcrops but very rarely in shrub communities.

Rulingia hermanniifolia (R13) - this nationally rare species (3RCa) is at its southern limit. in Eden region, where the only known populations are a few plants in Jingera ER. and a small population in Nethercote Falls ER.

Sticherus flabellatus (54) - a species considered of regional significance, recorded from Bellbird Creek N.R. and (Nadgee N.R.). A single small population was recorded during the present survey.

Stipa semibarbata (62) - a regionally significant species recorded elsewhere in the region from Nadgee N.R. and Nunnock Swamp. The only record from the survey area was a single individual in plot 62.

Tetratheca subaphylla (R14) - this regionally significant species is rare in the study area, known only from a small population at the summit of Mt. Sugarloaf. Elsewhere in the region it is localised and uncommon, having been recorded from Mt Imlay N.P., Nalbaugh N.P., Big Jack Mountain and East Boyd S.F..

lr Tmesipteris parva - regionally uncommon but well represented in reserves, this species was recorded only in community NUL9.1 in the study area.

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -87- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Westringia davidii (62,67,69,R1,R3,R4,RS,R6,R7,R8,Rll) - this recently described species is endemic to the Nullica rhyolite and nationally significant (2V). Within the study .area it is localised, occurring almost exclusively in shrub communities, but is often locally abundant. It is reserved in Jingera F.R.

3. Significant Plant Communities

Botanical significance of plant communities is difficult to assess, because of the subjective nature of community classification and its dependence on scale, sampling intensity and overall degree of heterogeneity. It is especially difficult to put significance into context on a regional or higher level, because of the very uneven and often inadequate sampling at those levels and the varied classification methods used. Community significance has been subjectively assessed on the basis of distinctiveness and relationship with communities described from the region by Keith and Sanders (1990). The latter are abbreviated to K&S with a number corresponding to that used by Keith and Sanders. A community is regarded as significant if it appears from the analysis to be a distinct community and is either not analogous to any described by Keith and Sanders or is similar to a community which they regard as restricted or significant. Those which are considered to be transitional or minor variants of others are excluded. Communities represented_ by single plots, which are related to other communities at the group level, have been generally considered as minor variants. In some of these cases, further survey may reveal that separate consideration is warranted. In particular, those with a high proportion of E. smithii are of interest in being widely distributed but infrequent, with individual patches of limited extent, and with very variable associated species. Many of these appear to be of a transitional nature, but some may prove to be quite distinctive with additional data. The following communities are considered significant using the above criteria.

NUL 1.1 Melaleuca armillaris-Kunzea ambigua shrubland. This community is readily included in K&S 25 , which is almost wholly restricted to the Nullica rhyolite. Although widespread within the study area, its total area is limited. It is highly significant by being essentially restricted to the study area, by virtue of its unusual character and because it supports a considerable number of locally endemic and nationally or regionally significant plant species. NUL 1.2 is an unusual floristic variant of this community.

NUL 1.3 Riparian shrubland. A mixed community with affinities with both K&S 25 and K&S 11. It differs from the latter in occurring on rocky stream banks rather than alluvial substrates and because of the strong influence of typical rhyolite outcrop species.

NUL 3.3 E. agglomerata-Allocasuarina littoralis woodland. This is a distinctive community which appears to represent an extreme variant of dry sclerophyll forest, usually on very stony slopes but with limited areas of outcropping rock and little or no development of the shrub communities normally typical of rock outcrops in the area. Examples of this community often occur at the margins of shrubland communities, but also exist as fairly discrete patches in open forest. They sometimes support significant species.

NUL 4.1 Mixed damp sclerophyll forest. A community of variable overstorey composition but consistently distinct understorey. It has some similarities with the extensive K&S 9(II) , but shows important floristic differences, especially in the understorey, possibly due to its occurrence on rhyolite. The significant species Grevillea miqueliana appears to occur most commonly in this community and is an important character species.

NUL 4.2 E. obliqua-E.sieberi damp sclerophyll forest. This community has a similar structure and overstorey composition to K&S 27, but quite different understorey floristics. It appears to .. be fairly extensive in the study area on sedimentary geology.

NUL 5.3 E. sieberi-E. muelleriana damp sclerophyll forest. Analogous to K&S 26(II), which is regarded as of restricted extent in the region and occurring mostly in Mount Imlay NP..

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey ofNullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -88-

NUL 7.1 E. bosistoana-E. smithii-E. maidenii open forest. An unusual variant of K&S 14, also with floristic affinities to K&S 16. It is apparently of very restricted extent in the region, occurring exclusively on basalt in the Nullica area. It may have been more widespread prior to clearing of basalt areas in private property to the east.

NUL 8.3 Notelaea venosa closed shrubland. A distinctive community of limited extent in the study area. It is related to NUL 9.1 and K&S 2(1), and seems to represent an extreme variant of those communities on steep, very rocky sites which are suboptimal for closed forest development. Although of limited extent, it appears to be a fairly stable community determined by physical site conditions, rather than a transitional phase of development of closed forest maintained by repeated disturbance (e.g. fire) on marginal sites.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -89- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

B. FAUNA

METHODS ... 1. Site Selection

The fauna survey was based on a subset (40) of the 100 randomly located flora survey sites described earlier in this report. The fourteen (14%) flora survey sites occurring in shrubland communities were not surveyed for nocturnal fauna. The 40 sites selected represented a stratification by topography and community 'importance'. This ensured that the most widespread vegetation communities were well sampled. Several unusual communities of restricted distribution were also surveyed. The ability to gain access at night was a major factor influencing site selection, notwithstanding the efforts undertaken to sample sites from some gully . vegetation communities.

The principal sampling units were these 40 sites (Fig..3). In addition, the forest adjacent to 6.6 km of roads and trails in the study area was searched at night using a portable spotlight. The locations of survey sites used in previous studies are also indicated in Fig. 3.

2. Arboreal Marsupials and Nocturnal Forest Birds

Populations of arboreal marsupials and nocturnal forest birds were estimated on 2 ha (80 m radius) plots centred on each 0.1 ha flora survey plot. Two one-hour counts, each by a different observer on separate nights, were made at each site. As far as possible, observers were rotated equally between sites. Each count consisted of a 15 minute period of listening for unelicited vocalizations and non-vocal- cues for the presence of animals, followed by 15 minutes of playing back the pre-recorded vocalizations of the Sooty Owl Tyto tenebricosa, the Powerful Owl Ninox ~ strenua and the Masked Owl Tyto novaehollandiae and waiting for a response. Finally, 30 minutes were spent searching with a spotlight for any animals present at the site. The number of individuals of each species detected and their closest distances to the plot centre were -. estimated. Details of weather and moon phase were recorded. Surveys began about one hour after dusk and continued until about midnight.

A total of 6.6 km of roads and trails within the study area (Barwon Road, Back Creek Fire Trail (part), Back Creek-Sugarloaf Link Track) was walked at night by an observer carrying a spotlight. The location of each animal observed was mapped in relation to forest type.

3. Limitations

Relationships are likely to be spurious between characteristics of the vegetation measured at each site and the abundances observed for mobile and wide-ranging species. Broadcasting amplified vocalizations through 10 W speakers was a highly effective survey technique which had the unavoidable consequence (in the above sense) of attracting Powerful Owls, Sooty Owls and Yellow-bellied Gliders Petaurus australis from areas approximately 1 km or more from the survey sites. For the sparsely distributed owls, this response to playback enabled good estimates to be made of population density. However, the observed 'mobbing' behaviour of Yellow-bellied Gliders in response to playback of owl vocalizations resulted in inflated estimates of the population density of this species.

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -90-

...

37·5---

.-

• 6 Plots surveyed for nocturnal fauna

...... Road spotlighting transects o ! 1 . "'('

Figure 3. Locations of faunasurveysitesused in this study.

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Fqrest -91- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

RESULTS

1. Distribution of Fauna Sampling Sites by Vegetation Community

The 40 fauna survey sites were distributed across 16 of the 27 vegetation communities described earlier in this report. Aside from the five shrub1and communities (14 sites) not surveyed, the remaining six communities were of minor occurrence being represented by only 8% of the 100 flora survey sites. The number of fauna survey sites represented in each vegetation community and forest type is indicated in Table 6.

The distribution of forest types along the road transects amounted to approximately (by percentage of the total distance of 6.6 km) 40.9, 6.1, 12.1, 7.6, 21.2 and 12.1 for forest types 112, 114, 152, 155, 157 and 158, respectively. About 300 m of Back Creek-Sugarloaf Link Track consisted of forest (types 157 and 158) regenerating after clearance for grazing. There was no significant logging disturbance to other areas surveyed.

Table 6. Distribution of fauna survey sites (n=40) by vegetation community and predominant forest type (sensu Anon. 1989).

Vegetation community No. sites Forest types

1.1 o 224 1.2 o 224 1.3 o 224 2.1 o 114 3.1 4 114,112,114,112 3.2 2 114,114 3.3 2 121,121 4.1 4 157,114,112,112 4.2 4 156,150,156,157 5.1 o 165 5.2 1 165 5.3 2 169,114 5.4 o 114,157 5.5 o 112 6.1 3 150,152,152 6.2 1 169 6.3 1 162 6.4 4 169,169,157,157 6.5 o 123 6.6 1 158 6.7 5 155,155,158,151,154 7.1 2 88,158 8.1 o 165 8.2 o 165 8.3 o 224 9.1 3 14,14,14 9.2 1 154

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales " Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -92-

2. Arboreal Marsupials and Nocturnal Forest Birds

(a) 'Survey sites. The maximum'number of individual animals per site recorded over two counts is presented in Table 7.

The Sugar Glider Petaurus breviceps and the Common Ringtail Possum Pseudocheirus peregrinus were the two most frequently recorded and widely distributed species in the study area. Sugar Gliders were detected at 20 (50.0%) sites and Common Ringtail Possums at 16 lo- (40.0%) sites. Sugar Gliders were recorded at 18 sites within the 80 m radius of the plot centre in 11 of the 16 vegetation communities surveyed (Table 7). Common Ringtail Possums were recorded at 13 sites within 80 m in 10 vegetation communities.

The Greater Glider Petauroides volans was the most uncommon species of arboreal marsupial encountered. Greater Gliders were detected at only two (5%) of the 40 survey sites during the two one-hour census counts made at each site. These sites occurred in vegetation communities NUL 6.7 and 9.2, both of which are dominated by Eucalyptus fastigata (Table 7).

Yellow-bellied Gliders were recorded at 18 (45.0%) sites spread across 13 different vegetation communities (Table 7). However, at only six sites were Yellow-bellied Gliders recorded within an 80 m radius of the 2 ha plots surveyed, and of these, the Gliders were present before the censusing (including tape broadcasts) began at only three sites (communities NUL 6.1, 6.7, and 9.1) (Table 7).

Other species of arboreal marsupial recorded were the Feathertail Glider Acrobates pygmaeus at five (12.5%) sites within four vegetation communities and the Common Brushtail Possum Trichosurus vulpecula at three (7.5%) sites (two within 80 m radius) in tW9 vegetation communities (Table 7).

Powerful Owls were detected from nine (22.5%) widely-separated sites, but at only two sites (vegetation communities NUL 4.1 and 6.4) were the birds recorded within the 80 m radius of the 2 ha plots surveyed (Table 7). It is likely that all birds recorded were attracted to the survey sites from areas several hundred metres away. Changes in the vocal behaviour of the birds towards the end of the survey suggested that egg-laying for some pairs was imminent.

Sooty Owls were detected from five (12.5%) widely-separated sites; the birds were recorded within 80 m of the plot centres at all five sites (vegetation communities NUL 3.1, 6.4, 6.7, 7.1 and 9.1). At three of these sites, the birds were clearly attracted from some distance away (Table 7). One pair of Sooty Owls, suspected of breeding, was found using a hollow high up in a large Eucalyptus cypellocarpa tree near one of the sites.

Masked Owls' were recorded from three (7.5%) sites; the birds came within 80 m of the plot centres at two sites (vegetation communities NUL 4.1) separated by several kilometres (Table 7). One pair of Masked Owls was confirmed breeding with two small owlets present in a large nest hollow in an old E. cypellocarpa tree near one of the sites.

Southern Boobook Owls Ninox novaeseelandiae were detected from five (12.5%) sites, but no birds were recorded within 80 m of the sites surveyed. Australian Owlet-nightjars Aegotheles cristatus were detected at two (5%) sites; at one site the birds were recorded within 80 m of the plot centre (vegetation community NUL 6.7). Tawny Frogmouths Podargus strigoides were recorded near three (7.5%) sites, but on two occasions the birds were hunting near road-sides. A White-throated Nightjar Caprimulgus mystacalis was detected at one (2.5%) site but outside , the 80 m radius plot. '

(b) Road transects. Four Greater Gliders were detected along one segment of the Back Creek Fire Trail during road spotlight transects. All were recorded from within forest types 157 and 158 (Table 8). Yellow-bellied Gliders were recorded on seven occasions and appeared to be

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 ;t kI ~ 'J .. ~

61 Table 7. The maximum number of individual animals recorded per site over two counts. ~ '".....

~ Veg Community/plot GRGL YBGL SUGL FfGL CBTP CRTP rowr. SOWL MOWL SBBK AONJ TAFM WTNJ ~ ~ CIl Cl>

~. 3.1 E.sieberi DSF ~ 6 2* 1 1 2* .... 1# o 7 1 13 1# 1 1 2# 85

3.216.agglom.E.sieberi-E DSF 1# 1# 1 40 1 1#

3.314Eaggl.JJUl.-All.litt. 1# 1 2# 1# 15 1

4.1 Mixed damP SF 29 1# 1 1 1 1# 77 1 1 78 2 ~ 61 1# ... 1# po ~ 91 1* 1 1 ~ ~ g 4.2 E.obliqua-E,sieberi Damp SF ~ -;:as 21 a~ ~. 1# 24 1 ~ '" . g' 25 1 ~Cl> o ='< .... 31 1# 2 1 og, ~ ~. Z ~ ~.g, CIl r~ ~~ ~ Cl> CIl =~sf.;' ~61 ~ o' ~ ::s ..... d1 Table 7 (cont.) d1;!1 ~ ~ ~ ~ :=.§ Cl ~o.. ,::."I1 Veg Community/plot GRGL YBGL SUGL FfGL CBTP CRTP POWL SOWL MOWL SBBK AONJ TAFM WTNJ "tn§ I. 0..'" ~ g en o' ::l ....,o ~J 5.2 E.smithii-E.muell. Damp SF p.....,a,0 1# 1 1# 1# ~ 23 1 tI1~ en 0..- g g: ~ D :::0'" 5.337E.sieberi-E "muell amp DF ~ en 2# l~ ~ 80 2

6.119ua- E.obli(l E.Q!Vell. WSF 1 30 1 1# 98 2* 1 1#

6,2 E.muell ~ 20.-Etast. WSF 1#

6,3 Efraxinoides WSF 49 1#

6.4 E,muell.-E.Q!vell. WSF 22 1# 1 1 38 1 81 ' 1# 1 2 2 i 88 1 1 :::0 11 64~E.Q!Vell,-E,bosis,-E,glob, WSF 1# g en g. g

~ ...... o

c-

I.. ,. " '{ 'f y tf ~. (, I;' .. ~

~ITable 7 (cont.) rtIII :;>0 (1) III CBTP CRTP POWL SOWL MOWL SBBK AONJ TAFM WTNJ ~IVeg Community/plot GRGL YBGL SUGL FfGL (1) III en (1) ::1. (1) III 6.7 Eiast.-E,cypell. WSF 1# 1# ~ 35 1# 2 .... 44 1 2# 1* 0 1# 48 1# 89 1 2# 90 1 1

7.1 E.bosis.-E.smithii-E.maid. forest 11 1 2# 1* 42 3 1

9.1 Acm.smithii closed forest ~, 1 2 2# 2 I' 4 1 8 1 2

9.2 Eiast.-Acm.smithii mixed forest 32 1 1# 2 ~ 61 '"1 @ ~ III No. sites regardless 2 18 20 5 3 16 9 5 3 5 '2 3 1 ~ 8- "r:l Cl of distance 0 ~§ a~ ~.No. sites < 80 m 2 6 18 5 2 13 2 5 2 0 1 0 0 III III m~ o' 0.(1) i:l GRGL = Petauroidesvolans CB1P = Trichosurusvulpecula SBBK = Ninox novaseelandiae g« ,."0 og., YBGL Petaurus australis CR1P Pseudocheirusperegrinus AONJ Aegotheles cristatus ~' ~ = = = Z :l:! SUGL = Petaurus breviceps POWL = Ninox strenua TAFM = Podargus strigoides a.a en ~s 0 FTGL = Acrobates pygmaeus SOWL = Tyto tenebricosa WlNJ Caprimulgusmystacalis tr.l~ c:: = 0. en 9- MOWL= Tyto novaehollandiae g g ~ * animals drawn in to 80 m radius plot by tape broadcasts :;>0(1) e.(1) ~ 61 III # animals detected only outside 80 m plot ~' '"1 g !! Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part). Eden District, Eden Region -96-

most abundant in forest type 157 (Table 8). Yellow-bellied Gliders and Sugar Gliders were detected from each of the three roads surveyed. A total of six Sugar Gliders was observed. Five Common Ringtail Possums were recorded along the Link Track and Barwon Road. Common Ringtail Possums were observed in four forest types (Table 8).

One Powerful Owl and one Southern Boobook Owl were recorded in forest type 155 along a section of Back Creek Fire Trail. These observations were made near site 35 where a Powerful Owl and a Southern Boobook Owl (as well as a Sooty Owl) had been recorded previously (Table 7). Four Masked Owls (the same two birds recorded on two different transects) were recorded in forest type 157 (Table 8).

Table 8. Mean numbers of animals detected per km transect along 6.6 km roads in the study area. Species codes as for Table 7.

Forest Distance type surveyed GRGL YBGL SUGL CRTP POWL MOWL SBBK (km)

112 2.7 0.37 0.74 114 0.4 2.40 2.40 152 0.8 1.25 155 0.5 2.00 2.00 157 1.4 2.14 3.57 2.14 0.71 2.86 158 0.8 1.25 1.25 2.50

DISCUSSION

1. Significant Animal Species

(a) Nocturnal birds. The distribution of the sampling sites and the presence of multiple observers permits the conclusion that a minimum of four pairs (two pairs definite) of Powerful Owls, four pairs (two pairs definite) of Sooty Owls and one pair of Masked Owls reside in the Nullica study area.

The survey coincided with the onset of breeding for the large owls, and evidence was found to suggest that all three species were breeding in the study area. An inspection of the nest hollow used by the pair of Masked Owls revealed the presence of two small chicks. In addition, the nest tree used by one pair of Sooty Owls was located, and the general vicinity is known for the nest trees of two different pairs of Powerful Owls.

The study area is highly notable for its populations of large owls compared to their apparent abundance throughout the Eden Region. These data can be compared to the regional (WWF) survey results (228 sites) where the Powerful Owl, Sooty Owl and Masked Owl were detected at 9.7%, 4.4% and 3-.7% of sites, respectively (Kavanagh and Peake 1991a, Appendix 3). To put the study area into a district context, an extract from the WWF regional survey data is presented for the 35 sites occurring within 10 km (approx.) of the study area (Appendix 3). These data also suggest that the three large owl species (notably the Sooty Owl) are more abundant in the •

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -97- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

coastal forests of the Eden District, particularly in the present study area, than elsewhere in the region. -

» Numbers of other species of nocturnal forest birds (Southern Boobook, Australian Owlet-nightjar, White-throated Nightjar and Tawny Frogmouth) did not appear to be exceptional. This result is probably affected by season since the smaller species do not begin breeding until spring when their detectabilities are known to be much higher (Kavanagh and Peake 1991b). Furthermore, most individuals of one species, the White-throated Nightjar, migrate out of southern N.S.W. during the winter. In comparison, the data for 35 sites in the general vicinity of the study area (Appendix 3) showed that all species except the Tawny Frogmouth could be expected to be significantly more abundant than determined by the present study. The regional survey recorded these four species at 67.1%, 46.9%, 16.2% and 2.6% of sites, respectively (Kavanagh and Peake 1991a, Appendix 3).

These four species, compared to the three large owls, are unlikely to be of great significance to managers given that (i) two species (White-throated Nightjar and Tawny Frogmeuth) do not require tree hollows for breeding and both appear to be common inhabitants of forest regenerating after logging, and that, (ii) while the other two species (Southern Boobook Owl and Australian Owlet-nightjar) use tree hollows, albeit smaller hollows than the three large owls, they were found to be extremely widespread throughout the region and generalist in their-habitat requirements (Kavanagh and Peake 1991a).

(b) Arboreal marsupials. The Greater Glider and the Yellow-bellied Glider are likely to be the species of greatest significance to managers. Compared to other species of arboreal marsupials, the two largest gliding possums have the strongest associations with mature forest habitats (Kavanagh 1987a, Kavanagh 1987b, Kavanagh and Lambert 1990). The Greater Glider was the most uncommon species of arboreal marsupial encountered. On a regional basis, the Greater Glider was detected at 18.9% of sites (Kavanagh 1990), but only at 8.6% of the sites within 10 km of the study area (Appendix 3). It is possible that the relatively large population of owls in the study area kept the numbers of this species lower than expected (see Kavanagh 1988), however, it seems certain that the abundant Common Ringtail Possum provided much of the diet for these birds.

Yellow-bellied Gliders were recorded from many sites. While these data do represent the widespread distribution of this species in the study area, they provide a highly inflated indication of its population size. Unlike all other species of arboreal marsupials, Yellow-bellied Gliders are highly mobile with large non-overlapping home-ranges (they can travel one kilometre in about 10-15 minutes), they occur at low population densities (only 2-4 animals per group), yet they are attracted to broadcasts of owl vocalizations (they come in to the taperecorder from up to a kilometre away to mob the presumed owl responsible). Yellow-bellied Gliders are naturally uncommon throughout their distribution. In south-eastern New South Wales this species appears to be more widespread (detected at 38.2% of sites on a regional basis [Kavanagh 1990] and at 31.4% of sites within 10 km of the study area [Appendix 3]) than previously thought (cf. Braithwaite 1983).

The Sugar Glider, Feathertail Glider, Common Ringtail Possum and Common Brushtail Possum are unlikely to be of significance to managers. At least two of these four species are widespread. The regional survey detected the Sugar Glider at 38.6% of sites and the Common Ringtail Possum at 19.3% of sites (Kavanagh 1990). At the local district level, the Sugar Glider appears to be abundant (detected at 62.9% of sites) while the Feathertail Glider was not detected at all (Appendix 3). Locally, the Common Ringtail Possum and the Common Brushtail Possum were recorded at 14.3% and 8.6% of sites, respectively (Appendix 3). All four species are apparently less demanding than the two large gliders in their requirements for components of a mature forest as shown by their varying associations with characteristics of the understorey (Kavanagh 1987a). All four species occupy regenerating forest once artificial den hollows are

Forest'Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part). Eden District, Eden Region -98-

provided (Golding 1979, Suckling and Macfarlane 1983, Fleming and Frey 1984, Menkhorst 1984a, Menkhorst 1984b).

The 1988-89 WWF Owl Survey recorded the presence of the Tuan Phascogale tapoataja, the only record ever made for this species in the Eden Region, near the junction of Ben Boyd Road and Dobbyns Road in the north-western corner of the study area. The present survey, however, did not detect this species. Other species not detected by the present survey but which may possibly occur include the Mountain Possum Trichosurus caninus, the Eastern Pygmy Possum Cercartetus nanus and the Koala Phascolarctos cinereus (Appendix 3).

2. Significant Animal Habitats

The number of species recorded in each vegetation community tended to increase with increasing numbers of sites surveyed. Vegetation communities appeared to contain similar numbers of species and individual animals regardless of their position in relation to a moisture gradient (e.g. NUL 3.1 to NUL 9.2) and topography (refer Appendix 2). Each species, however, differed in abundance between vegetation communities and topography. This is demonstrated by the two most abundant species; higher mean numbers of Sugar Gliders were detected on ridges (topographic positions 1,2,4; Appendix 2) and midslopes (topographic positions 3,5) than in gullies (topographic positions 6-12), whereas the reverse was true for Common Ringtail Possums (0.28, 0.54, 0.15 and 0.14, 0.13, 0.41 animals per census count for Sugar Gliders and Common Ringtail Possums, respectively). Common Ringtail Possums appeared to be most abundant in vegetation communities with a well-developed understorey layer, particularly those comprised of Acmena smithii (NUL 9.1, 9.2) or Allocasuarina littoralis (NUL 3.3) (Table 9).

Greater Gliders were recorded only at sites within vegetation communities NUL 6.7 and 9.2, corresponding to forest types 154 and 155, which are dominated by E. jastigata. This species, particularly where it occurs with E. viminalis or certain other smooth-barked eucalypts, is well known as an important component of habitat for the Greater Glider in the region (Kavanagh 1984, Braithwaite et at. 1988, Kavanagh and Lambert 1990). Road transects also recorded this species in (map determined) forest types 157 and 158, which are dominated by E. cypellocarpa and other smooth-barked eucalypts.

Interpreting the most significant habitats for the Yellow-bellied Glider (and the three large owls) is complicated by the response of this mobile species to tape broadcasts. Yellow-bellied Gliders were clearly widespread throughout the study area but, before the tape broadcasts began, they appeared to occur mainly in gully or lower slope forests (NUL 6.1, 6.7 and 9.1) corresponding to forest types 152, 155 and 14 which are comprised of E. cypellocarpa, E. obliqua and E. jastigata. Yellow-bellied Gliders living in low altitude forests of the Eden Region obtain much of their food resources from these tree species (Kavanagh 1987b, 1987c).

The Powerful Owl and/or the Sooty Owl were recorded in vegetation communities NUL 3.1, 4.1, 6.4, 6.6, 6.7, 7.1 and 9.1. A pair of Sooty Owls was attracted up to the top of a ridge where the birds were recorded in community NUL 3.1. All of the remaining communities are tall moist forests of the gullies and lower slopes. The Masked Owl was also recorded in com- munities NUL 4.1 and 6.7. .

The most significant habitats for the two large gliders and the three large owls were vegetation communities NUL 6.4, 6.7, 9.1, and perhaps 4.1. These communities are all basically gully and lower slope forests best described by forest types 157, 155, 154 and 14. Forest types 157, 155 and 154 are well known to be important for arboreal marsupials in the region. Type 14, a rainforest community, is not available for harvesting (Anon. 1982).

Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 . ------~ j) f ~ J; '.

61 ~ Table 9. Mean numbers of animals detected per count within the 80 m radius plots in each vegetation community. Species codes ~ as for Table 7. i ~ ~ Community No. GRGL YBGL SUGL FfGL CBTP CRTP POWL SOWL MOWL SBBK AONJ TAFM WTNJ en CD type sites ~. -

~ 3.1 4 0.25 0.25 0.13 0.25 + 0.25 .... o 3.2 2 + 0.25 0.25 + 3.3 2 + 0.75 + + 4.1 4 0.13 0.38 0.13 0.25 0.13 0.25 0.13 + 4.2 4 + 0.38 0.13 0.13 + 5.2 1 + 0.50 0.50 + + 5.3 2 + 0.50 6.1 3 0.50 0.17 0.17 + + 6.2 1 + 6.3 1 + 6.4 4 + 0.50 0.25 0.13 0.50 0.25 6.6 1 + I~ 6.7 5 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.40 + 0.10 + + 0.10 7.1 2 1.00 0.50 0.25 9.1 3 0.17 0.17 0.67 + 0.33 9.2 1 0.50 + 1.00 l + indicates species recorded outside the 80 m radius plots. a 'T.I I I» Q 1'I:tl§ l'l ~ ~. ?~

m re~ g' g 0 o ..., I';i·z0"" C7~ .... I::: ~ (') (') en .r" I» reen ~ :;I:l'T.Ig CD * 0 t9. Ci1 t g ~ Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part). Eden District, Eden Region -100-

The topography of the study area is generally steep with dry or "damp" forest occurring on the ridges and in the heads of minor gullies, and with strips of tall moist forest occurring along the gullies which form the upper reaches of the Yowaka River and Old Hut Creek. 'Creek flats' and gently-sloping topography carrying tall moist forest is of limited occurrrence in the study area but these, in addition to the heads of gullies where ecotones occur between rainforest and tall moist eucalypt forest, appear to be the most important areas for wildlife.

All of the records for large owls (except one) occurred along the Yowaka River or Old Hut Creek and their tributaries. The presumed nesting areas for two pairs of Powerful Owls, which were separated by approx. 6.5 km by air, were located at each end of the Yowaka River. The known nest tree for one pair of Sooty Owls was in the headwaters of the Yowaka River.

The nest tree for the pair of Masked Owls occurred near Old Hut Creek. One Masked Owl was detected upstream, but it is not known whether it was one of the above birds. One Powerful Owl was also detected at the same site.

The fourth (presumed) pair of Powerful Owls, and the second (presumed) pair of Sooty Owls, was detected up a tributary near the lower reaches of Old Hut Creek. The third (definite) pair of Sooty Owls was attracted up onto the ridgetop near the eastern edge of the study area, about midway between the Yowaka and Old Hut Creek river systems. There is an outside chance that the second and the third pairs of Sooty Owls are the same birds. Finally, the fourth (presumed) pair of Sooty Owls was recorded in a gully adjacent to Jingera Flora Reserve.

One record of a Powerful Owl was made about three years ago in a gully north of Barwon Road where it was roosting by day in a patch of rainforest. This record possibly represents a fifth pair of Powerful Owls because the central area could not be surveyed due to problems of access.

The Tuan was recorded at the ecotone between tall, moist forest (E. muelleriana, E. cypellocarpa, Acm. smithii) and dry open forest (E. agglomerata, E. sieberi, E. obliqua) in the north-western corner of the study area.

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Forestry Commission ofNew South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -101- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Sincere thanks are due to Roy Shiels, Ruth Allen, Erica Raper, Traecey Brassil, Khia Bamkin, Brad Jarret, Warwick Moore, John Young, Vie Jurskis, Andrew Grigg, John Dawson and Paul Roberts for assistance with field work, and to Traecey Brassil and Khia Bamkin for their major contribution to data analysis and assistance with preparation of this report. David Keith very kindly allowed unpublished data from 9 plots which he had previously surveyed to be included in the analysis.

Some of the data reported here were obtained using funds provided by World Wildlife Fund (Australia) for Project 120.

REFERENCES

Anon. (1982). Eden native forest management plan. Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Sydney.

Anon. (1989). Forest types in New South Wales. For. Comm. N.S.W. Res. Note No. 17. 95 pp.

Albrecht, D. E. (1986). An assessment of the conservation significance of rhyolite outcrops in Nullica State Forest. (unpubl).

Beams, S. D. (1980). Magmatic evolution of the southeast Lachlan Fold Belt, Australia. PhD thesis, La Trobe Univ. (unpubl).

Belbin, L. (1988). PATN Pattern Analysis Package Reference Manual. CSIRO Division of Wildlife and Rangelands Research.

Binns, D. (1988). A preliminary list of vascular plant species for far south-eastern New South Wales. For. Comm. N.S.W. Research Paper NoA. 87 pp.

Braithwaite, L.W. (1983). Studies on the arboreal marsupial fauna of eucalypt forests being harvested for woodpulp at Eden, N.S.W. I. The species and distribution of animals. Aust. Wildl. Res. 10, 219-229.

Braithwaite, L.W., Binns, D.L. & Nowlan, RD. (1988). The distribution of arboreal marsupials in relation to eucalypt forest types in the Eden (N.S.W.) woodchip concession area. Aust. Wildl. Res. 15, 363-373.

Briggs, J. D. and Leigh, 1. H. (1988) Rare or threatened Australian plants. Aust. Nat. Parks Wildl. Serv.. Special Publication No. 14, 278 pp.

Fergusson, CiL, Cas, RA.F., Collins, W.J., Craig, G.Y., Crook, K.A.W., Powell, C.McA., Scott, P.A. and Young, G.C. (1979). The Upper Devonian Boyd volcanic complex, Eden, New South Wales. J. Geog. Soc. Aust. 26: 87-105.

Fleming, M.R and Frey, H. (1984). Aspects of the natural history of Feathertail Gliders (Acrobates pygmaeus) in Victoria. Pp. 403-408 in "Possums and gliders, ed. by A.P. Smith and I.D. Hume, Australian Mammal Society, Sydney.

Golding, B.G. (1979). Use of artificial hollows by mammals and birds in the Wombat Forest, Daylesford, Victoria. M.Env.Sc. Thesis, Monash University, Melbourne.

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Jacobs, S.W.L. and Lapinpuro, L. (1986). Alterations to the census of New South Wales plants. Telopea 2(6): 705-714.

Jacobs, S.W.L. and Pickard, J. (1981). Plants of New South Wales, A census of the Cycads, Conifers and Angiosperms. Government Printer, Australia. 226 pp.

Kavanagh, RP. (1987a). Floristic and phenological characteristics of a eucalypt forest in relation to its use by arboreal marsupials. M.Sc. Thesis, Australian National University, Canberra.

Kavanagh, RP. (1987b). Forest phenology and its effect on foraging behaviour and selection of habitat by the Yellow-bellied Glider, Petaurus australis Shaw. Aust. Wildl. Res. 14, 371­ 384.

Kavanagh, RP. (1987c). Foraging behaviour of the Yellow-bellied Glider, (Petaurus australis) (Marsupialia:Petauridae), near Eden, New South Wales. Aust. Mammal. 10: 37-39.

Kavanagh, RP. (1988). The impact of predation by the Powerful Owl, Ninox strenua, on a population of the Greater Glider, Petauroides volans. Aust. J. EcoI. 13, 445-450.

Kavanagh, RP. (1990). Survey of Powerful and Sooty Owls in south-eastern New South Wales. Final report to World Wildlife Fund (Australia) for Project 120.

Kavanagh, RP. & Lambert, M.J. (1990). Food selection by the Greater Glider, Petauroides volans: Is foliar nitrogen a determinant of habitat quality? Aust. WildI. Res. 17, 285-299.

Kavanagh, RP. and Peake, P. (1991a). Distribution and habitats of nocturnal forest birds in south-eastern New South Wales. Proceedings of the Australasian Raptor Association Conference, Australian National University, Canberra, (in press).

Kavanagh, RP. and Peake, P. (1991b). Survey procedures for nocturnal forest birds: an evaluation of the variability in census results due to temporal factors, weather and technique. Proceedings of the Australasian Raptor Association Conference, Australian National University, Canberra, (in press).

Keith, D.A (1989). A list of biogeographieally significant plant species in Eden Region. (in prep).

Keith, D.A and Sanders, J.M. (1990). Vegetation of the Eden Region, South-Eastern New South Wales, Australia: Patterns of species composition, diversity and structure. J. Vegetation Sci. (in press).

Menkhorst, P.W. (1984a). The application of next boxes in research and management of possums and gliders. Pp. 517-525 in "Possums and gliders", ed. by AP. Smith and LD. Hume, Australian Mammal Society, Sydney.

Menkhorst, P.W. (1984b). Use of nest boxes by forest vertebrates in Gippsland: acceptance, preference and demand. Aust. WildI. Res. 11: 255-264.

Suckling, G.C. and Macfarlane, M.A (1983). Introduction of the Sugar Glider, Petaurus breviceps, into re-established forest of the Tower Hill State Game Reserve, Vie. Aust. WildI. Res. 10: 249-258.

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Appendix lA. Alphabetical list of vascular plant species and their frequency of occurrence in 100 flora survey plots in Nullica State Forest.

Species Freq.

Acacia cognata 18 Acacia falciformis 25 Acacia implexa 2 Acacia longifolia var. longifolia 36 Acacia mearnsii 4 Acacia melanoxylon 7 Acacia myrtifolia 10 Acacia obtusifolia 30 Acacia suaveolens 3 Acacia subporosa 1 Acacia subttlinervis 2 Acacia terminalis 25 Acacia ulicifolia 2 Acaena novae-zelandiae 1 Acmena smithii 13 Acronychia oblongifolia . 1 Adiantum aethiopicum 6 Adiantum formosum 1 Adiantum hispidulum 1 Agropyron scabrum var. scabrum 1 Alectryon subcinereus 1 Allocasuarina littoralis 42 Amperea xiphoclada 14 Amyema pendulum 3 Anisopogon avenaceus 2 Aphanopetalum resinosum 2 Arrhenechthites mixta 2 Arthropodium milleflorum 2 Asplenium flabellifolium 13 Astroloma humifusum 1 Australina pusilla 3 Baeckea virgata 14 4 2 Bedfordia arborescens 14 Beyeria lasiocarpa 13 Billardiera procumbens 3 Billardiera scandens 63 Blechnum cartilagineum 30 Blechnum nudum 8 Blechnum patersonii 4 Blechnum wattsii 7 Boronia muelleri 1 Bossiaea obcordata 10 Brachychiton populneus 2 Bursaria spinosa 6 Caleana major 1 Callitris rhomboidea 3 Callistemon subulatus 1

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Calochlaena dubia 21 Calomeria amaranthoides 3 Calochilus robertsonii 1 Calystegia marginata 4 Calytrix tetragona 5 Carex appressa 9 Cassinia aculeata 20 Cassinia longifolia 23 Cassinia trinerva 12 Cassytha glabella 2 Cassytha pubescens 6 Caustis flexuosa 10 Celastrus australis 2 * Centaurium erythraea 4 Centrolepis fascicularis 1 Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia 2 Cheilanthes sieberi 4 Chiloglottis gunnii 1 Chiloglottis reflexa 1 Chionochloa pallida 9 * Cirsium vulgare 8 Cissus hypoglauca 14 Clematis aristata 41 Clematis glycinoides 7 Comesperma ericinum 2 Comesperma volubile 5 Commersonia fraseri 5 * Conyza albida 9 Coopernookia barbata 20 Coprosma quadrifida 16 Crassula sieberiana 1 Crowea exalata 1 Cryptostylis leptochila 3 Cyathea australis 22 Cynoglossum latifolium 1 Cynoglossum suaveolens 2 Cyperus lucidus 1 Dampiera stricta 1 Danthonia longifolia 20 Danthonia pilosa var. pilosa 1 Danthonia.racemosa var. racemosa 1 Danthonia tenuior 3 Darwinia camptostylis 1 Daviesia buxifolia 6 Daviesia wyattiana 2 Dendrobium speciosum 8 Dendrobium striolatum 4 Dennstaedtia davallioides 1 Desmodium varians 13 Deyeuxia scaberula 3 Deyeuxia quadriseta 4 Dianella caerulea 44 Dianella revoluta 1 Dianella tasmanica 22 Dichelachne crinita 1 Dichelachne micrantha 1 Dichelachne rara 12 Dichondra repens 9

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Dicksonia antarctica 7 Dillwynia sericea 1 Diplazium australe 1 Dipodium punctatum 9 Dodonaea triquetra 9 Dodonaea truncatiales 8 Doodia aspera 17 Drosera peltata 1 Echinopogon ovatus 16 Elaeocarpus reticulatus 33 Entolasia marginata 1 Entolasia stricta 32 Epacris impressa 20 Epacris microphylla 2 Eriostemon myoporoides ssp. myoporoides 6 Eriostemon trachyphyllus 4 Eriostemon virgatus 2 Eucalyptus agglomerata 32 Eucalyptus bosistoana 5 Eucalyptus croajingolensis 1 Eucalyptus cypellocarpa 39 Eucalyptus elata 12 Eucalyptus fastigata 10 Eucalyptus fraxinoides 1 Eucalyptus globoidea 5 Eucalyptus gummifera 1 Eucalyptus maidenii 2 Eucalyptus muelleriana 36 Eucalyptus obliqua 15 Eucalyptus sideroxylon ssp. tricarpa 1 Eucalyptus sieberi 51 Eucalyptus smithii 28 Eucryphia moorei 2 Eupomatia laurina 6 Eustrephus latifolius 21 Exocarpos cupressiformis 5 Exocarpus strictus 16 Fieldia australis 6 Gahnia melanocarpa 13 Gahnia microstachya 1 Gahnia radula 1 Gahnia sieberiana 2 Galium binifolium 4 Galium liratum 1 Galium propinquum 8 Geitonoplesium cymosum 16 Geranium homeanum 7 Geranium poteniilloides var. potentilloides 11 Geranium solanderi var. solanderi 1 Gleichenia dicarpa 1 Gleichenia microphylla 1 Glycine clandestina 20 * Gnaphalium calviceps 1 Gnaphalium gymnocephalum 8 Gnaphalium involucratum 1 Gnaphalium sphaericum 2 * Gnaphalium spicatum 1 Gonocarpus teucrioides 46

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Goodia lotifolia 14 Goodenia ovata 32 Gratiola pubescens 1 Grevillea miqueliana 7 3 5 Hakea macraeana 13 Hardenbergia violacea 1 Hedycarya angustifolia 5 Helichrysum argophyllum 2 Helichrysum bracteatum 6 Helichrysum cuneijolium 8 Helichrysum diosmifolium 2 Helichrysum elatum 8 Helichrysum leucopsideum 2 Helichrysum obcordatum 15 Hibbertia aspera 4 Hibbertia circumdans 6 Hibbertia dentata 35 Hibbertia empetrijolia 14 Hibbertia sp. novo (aff. hermanniijolia) 2 Hierochloe rariflora 39 Histiopteris incisa 1 Hovea purpurea 8 Howittia trilocularis 1 Hybanthus vernonii 2 Hydrocotyle acutiloba 12 Hydrocotyle geraniijolia 14 Hydrocotyle laxiflora 1 Hymenanthera dentata 1 Hypericum gramineum 5 Hypolepis glandulijera 2 * Hypochoeris radicata 14 Imperata cylindrica var. major 1 Indigofera australis var. australis 6 Isolepis habra 1 Isolepis inundata 2 Isotoma axillaris 5 Juncus planifolius 4 Kennedia rubicunda 19 Korthalsella rubra 1 Kunzea ambigua 16 Lagenifera stipitata 31 Lasiopetalum ferrugineum var. ferrugineum 4 Lasiopetalum macrophyllum 5 Lastreopsis acuminata 5 Lastreopsis microsora 7 * Leontodon taraxacoides 1 Lepidosperma filiforme 1 Lepidosperma laterale 53 Lepidosperma lineare 1 Lepidosperma squamatum 3 Lepidosperma urophorum 29 Leptomeria acida 10 Leptospermum attenuatum 13 Leptospermum emarginatum 3 Leptospermum scoparium 3 Leucopogon attenuatus 4

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Leucopogon juniperinus 2 Leucopogon lanceolatus var. lanceolatus 61 Leucopogon microphyllus var. pilibundus 1 Leucopogon setiger 4 Libertia paniculata 5 Lindsaea linearis 4 Lindsaea microphylla 10 Lobelia alata 3 Lobelia dentata 1 Lobelia gibbosa 2 Logania albiflra 12 Lomandra confertifolia ssp. leptostachya 20 Lomandra confertifolia ssp. rubiginosa 9 Lomandra filiformis 6 Lomandra glauca 6 Lomandra longifolia ssp. longifolia 28 Lomandra multiflora 33 Lomatia ilicifolia 26 3 Luzula jlaccida 2 Marsdenia rostrata 15 Melaleuca armillaris 14 Melaleuca squarrosa 1 Microsorum diversifolium 2 Microsorum scandens 3 Microlaena stipoides 27 Mirbelia pungens 1 Monotoca scoparia 17 Morinda jasminoides 7 Muellerina eucalyptoides 1 Myriophyllum propinquum 1 Notelaea venosa 40 Olearia argophylla 10 Olearia erubescens 5 Olearia iodochroa 1 Olearia ramulosa . 2 Olearia tomentosa 4 Omalanthus populifolius 1 Opercularia aspera 26 Opercularia varia 1 Oplismenus imbecillus 14 Oxalis chnoodes 17 Oxalis perenans 2 Oxylobium ilicifoltum 22 Pandorea pandorana 26 Panicum simile 1 Parsonsia brownii 5 Passiflora cinnabarina 1 Patersonia glabrata 15 Patersonia sericea var. sericea 1 Pelagonium inodorum 1 Pellaea falcata var. falcata 14 Pellaea falcata var. nana 1 Persoonia levis 7 Persoonia linearis 49 Phebalium ralstonii 14 Phyllanthus gasstroemii 8 Phyllanthus gunnii 1

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Phyllanthus hirtellus 3 * Picris hieracioides 2 Pimelea axiflora SSp. axiflora 21 Pimelea ltnifolia SSp. linifolia 6 Pittosporum revolutum 9 Pittosporum undulatum 13 Plantago debilis 9 Platylobium formosum ssp. formosum 6 Platysace lanceolata 38 Plectranthus parviflorus 8 Plectorhiza tridentata 1 Poa labillardieri 12 Poa meionectes 43 Polystichum proliferum 7 Polyscias sambucifolia 16 Polyphlebium venosum 1 Pomaderris aspera 15 Pomaderris elliptica 2 Pomaderris intermedia 4 Pomaderris lanigera 5 Pomaderris ledifolia 2 Pomaderris ligustrina 2 Pomax umbellata 15 Poranthera corymbosa 3 Poranthera microphylla 30 Prasophyllum sp. aff. morrisii 1 Prostanthera incisa (var. pubescens) 11 Prostanthera lasianthos 16 Prostanthera phylicifolia 1 Prostanthera rotundifolia 1 Pseudanthus divaricattssimus 4 Pteridium esculentum 54 Pteris tremula 2 Pteris umbrosa 6 Pultenaea benthamii 10 Pultenaea daphnoides 20 Pultenaea linophylla 1 Pultenaea retusa 8 Pultenaea villifera 4 Pultenaea viscosa 2 Pyrrosia rupestris 5 Ranunculus plebeius 5 Rapanea howittiana 7 Ripogonum album 2 Rorippa gigantea 3 Rubus hillii 4 Rubus parvtfolius 3 Rubus rosifolius 12 Rumex brownii 3 Sambucus gaudichaudiana 1 Sarcopetalum harveyanum 7 Scaevola ramosissima 7 Schelhammera undulata 14 Schizaea bifida 1 Schoenus apogon 3 Schoenus maschalinus 4 Schoenus melanostachys 4 Scutellaria mollis 5

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Senecio lautus 1 Senecio linearifolius 19 Senecio sp. E (aff. apargiaejolius) 12 Senecio velleioides 18 Sigesbeckia orientalis 10 Smilax australis 30 Solanum prinophyllum 8 Solanum pungetium 2 * Sonchus asper 2 Stackhousia monogyna 1 Stellaria flaccida 17 Stephania japonica var. discolor 1 Sticherus flabellatus 1 Sticherus lobatus 6 Stipa rudis ssp. nervosa 5 Stipa semibarbarta 1 Stylidium graminifolium 28 Stypandra glauca 11 Tetrarrhena juncea 42 Tetratheca pilosa ssp. latifolia 1 Tetratheca thymifolia 25 Thelymitra pauciflora 2 Themeda australis 4 Thysanotus tuberosus 2 Tmesipteris parva 3 Todea barbara 2 Tristaniopsis laurina 2 Tylophora barbata 36 Urtica incisa 7 Veronica calycina 6 Veronica notabilis 8 Veronica plebeia 4 Viola hederacea 40 Wahlenbergia gracilis 12 Wahlenbergia stricta 1 Westringia davidii 3 Xanthorrhoea australis 14 Xanthorrhoea concava 2 Xanthosia pilosa 22 Xanthosia tridentata 9 Zieria smithii 3

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Appendix lB. Occurrence of species recorded from plots during the survey but excluded from Table 1, additional species not recorded from plots and additional spe­ cies recorded during other surveys.

Unless otherwise indicated, records are from the present survey. Other sources: A=Albrecht (1986); B=Binns (1988); S=Shiels (unpubl. data). Plot numbers are shown where appropriate.

Acacia elongata Nullica River Acacia subporosa NUL006 Acacia ulicifolia NUL012 Acaena novae-zelandiae NUL002 Acianthus exsertus Gree Road area (S) Acronychia oblongifolia NUL008 Adiantum formosum NUL008 Adiantum hispidulum NUL056 Agropyron scabrum var. scabrum NUL042 Alectryon subcinereus NUL008 Arrhenechihites mixta NUL006,NUL083 Blechnum minus Old Hut Creek Brachychiton populneus NULOlO,NULOll Brachyloma daphnoides Pyrrophyllite Road Caladenia carnea R13 (B) Caleana major NUL005 Callistemon subulatus NUL074 Calochilus robertsonii NUL071 Cassytha glabella NUL021,NUL053 Centrolepis fascicularis NUL074 Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia NUL038,NUL077 Cheilanthes distans R5 (A) Chiloglottis gunnii NUL031 Chiloglottis reflexa NUL005 Comesperma ericinum NUL062,NUL079 Crassula sieberiana NULOI0 Crowea exalata NUL074 Cryptostylis hunteriana R6 (A) Cynoglossum latifolium NUL089 Cynoglossum suaveolens NULOI0,NUL042 Cyperus lucidus NUL044 Danthonia pilosa var. pilosa NUL006 Danthonia racemosa var. racemosa NUL042 Davallia pyxidata RlO (A) Daviesia acicularis near NUL066 Daviesia wyattiana NUL067,NUL087 Dennstaedtia davallioides NUL003 Deyeuxia scaberula NUL029,NUL054 Dianella revoluta NUL061 Dichelachne crinita NUL042 Dichelachne micrantha NUL042 Dillwynia sericea NUL062 Diplazium australe NUL003 Dodonaea multijuga Rll (A), R14 (B) Drosera peltata NUL066 Eucalyptus sideroxylon ssp. tricarpa NUL058 Eucalyptus croajingolensis NUL079 Ficus rubiginosa R12 (A) Gahnia microstachya NUL053

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Gahnia microstachya NUL053 Gahnia radula NUL006 Gahnia sieberiana NUL047, NUL047 Galium liratum NUL056 Gleichenia dicarpa NUL073 Gleichenia microphylla NUL054 * Gnaphalium calviceps NUL067 Gnaphalium involucratum NUL023 Gnaphalium sphaericum NULOIO * Gnaphalium spicatum NUL043 Gratiola latifolia NUL033 Hardenbergia violacea NUL06I Helichrysum baxteri Dobbyns Road area Helichrysum diosmifolium NULOlO,NUL042 Helichrysum leucopsideum NUL028,NUL080 Hibbertia sp. novo (aff. hermanniifolia) NULOI6,NUL052 Histiopteris incisa NUL032 Howittia trtlocularis NUL035 Hybanthus vernonii NUL073 Hydrocotyle laxiflora NUL043 Hymenanthera dentata NUL008 * Hypochoeris glabra RI (A) Isolepis inundata NUL002,NUL074 Korthalsella rubra NULOOI Lagenifera gracilis R5 (A) * Leontodon taraxacoides . NULOIO Lepidosperma lineare NUL026 Leptospermum scoparium NUL074 . Leucopogonjuniperinus NUL067,NUL074 Lobelia gibbosa NUL006,NUL06I Luzula flaccida NUL08I,NUL088 Mirbelia pungens NUL069 Muehlenbeckia rhyticarya near NUL057 Muellerina eucalyptoides NUL089 Myriophyllum propinquum NUL074 Olearia iodochroa NUL075 Omalanthus populifolius NUL044 Opercularia varia NUL058 Panicum simile NUL075 Passiflora cinnabarina NUL057 Patersonia sericea var. sericea NUL053 Pelagonium inodorum NULOI7 Pellaea falcata var. nana NUL003 * Picris hieracioides NULOlO,NUL042 Plectorhiza tridentata NULOOI Polyphlebium venosum NUL004 Pomaderris andromedifolia R4,R7,R8,R9 (all A) Pomaderris virgata Jingera ER. Prasophyllum flavum Sugarloaf, Numbat Trail Prasophyllum sp. aff. morrisii NUL062 Prostanthera nivea RIO (A) Pteris tremula NUL034,NUL050 Pultenaea linophylla NUL006 Rulingia hermanniifolia RI4 (B) Rulingia pannosa R8 (A) * Sagina apetala RI (A) Sambucus gaudichaudiana NUL034 Scaevola aemula R12 (A)

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Schizaea bifida NULOO5 Senecio lautus NUL051 Solanum pungetium NULOOl * Sonchus asper NULOI7,NUL043 Stackhousia monogyna NUL086 Stephania japonica var. discolor NULOO8 Sticherus jlabellatus NUL054 Stipa semibarbara NUL062 Tetratheca pilosa ssp. latifolia NUL027 Tetratheca subaphylla R13 (B) Thelymitra paucijlora NUL069,NUL071 Thysanotus tuberosus NULOO6,NUL085 Todea barbara NUL030,NUL044 * Vulpia bromoides RI (A) Wahlenbergia stricta NUL042 )(anthorrhoea concava NUL006,NULOI2

r

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Appendix 1C. List by families of all vascular plant species recorded 'from Nullica State Forest study area.

Scientific name Common name

,4. PSILOPSIDA

PSILOTACEAE Tmesipteris parva N.A. Wakefield

FILICOPSIDA

ADIANTACEAE Adiantum aethiopicum L. common maidenhair fern Adiantum formosum R. Br. giant maidenhair fern Adiantum hispidulum Sw. rough maidenhair fern

ASPLENIACEAE Asplenium flabellifolium Wakef. necklace fern

ATHYRIACEAE Diplazium australe (R. Br.) Presl. Austral lady fern

BLECHNACEAE Blechnum cartilagineum Sw. gristle fern Blechnum minus (R. Br) Ettingsh soft water fern Blechnum nudum (Labill.) Mett.ex Luerss. fishbone water fern Blechnum patersonii (R. Br.) Mett. strap water fern Blechnum wattsii Tindale hard water fern Doodia aspera R. Br. rasp fern

CYATHEACEAE Cyathea australis (R. Br.) Domin rough tree fern

DAVALLIACEAE Davallia pyxidata Cav. hair's-foot fern

DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Dennstaedtia davallioides (R. Br.) T. Moore lacy ground fern Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J. Srn. bat's-wing fern Hypolepis glandulifera (Thunb.) Kuhn downy ground fern Pteridium esculentum (Forst.) Nakai bracken fern

DICKSONIACEAE Calochlaena dubia (R. Br.) common ground fern M. Turner & R. White Dicksonia antarctica Labill. soft tree fern

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Scientific name Common name

DRYOPTERIDACEAE Lastreopsis acuminata (Houlston) Morton shiny shield fern Lastreopsis microsora (Endl.) Tindale creeping shield fern Polystichum proliferum (R. Br.) Presl mother shield fern

GLEICHENIACEAE Gletchenia dicarpa R. Br. pouched coral fern Gleichenia microphylla R. Br. scrambling coral fern Sticherus flabellatus (R. Br.) St.John shiny fan fern Sticherus lobatus N.A. Wakefield spreading fan fern

HYMENOPHYLLACEAE Polyphlebium venosum (R. Br.) Copel, veined bristle fern

LINDSAEACEAE Lindsaea linearis Sw. screw fern Lindsaea microphylla Sw. lacy wedge fern

OSMUNDACEAE Todea barbar.a (L.) T. Moore king fern

POLYPODIACEAE Microsorum dtversifolium (Willd.) Copel. kangaroo fern Microsorum scandens (Forst. f.) Tindale fragrant fern . Pyrrosia rupestris (R. Br.) Ching rock felt fern

PTERIDACEAE r Pteris tremula R. Br. tender bracken Pteris umbrosa R. Br. jungle brake

scmZAEACEAE Schizaea bifida Willd. forked comb fern

SINOPTERIDACEAE Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia (Burm.f.) Sw. rock fern Cheilanthes distans (R. Br) Melt. bristly cloak fern Cheilanthes sieberi Kuntze mulga fern Pellaea falcata (R. Br) Fee var. falcata sickle fern Pellaea falcata (R. Br) Fee var. nana Hook.

CONIFEROPSIDA

CUPRESSACEAE Callitris rhomboidea R. Br. ex A.Rich. & Rich.

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora ami Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -115- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Scientific name Common name

''r MAGNOLIOPSIDA - MAGNOLllDAE

APIACEAE Hydrocotyle acutiloba (p. Muell.) N.A. Wakefield pennywort Hydrocotyle geraniifolia F. Muell. forest pennywort Hydrocotyle laxijolia DC. stinking pennywort Platysace lanceolata (Labill.) Druce shrubby platysace Xanthosia pilosa Rudge woolly xanthosia Xanthosia tridentata DC.

APOCYNACEAE Parsonsia brownii (Britten) Pichon mountain silkpod

ARALIACEAE Polyscias sambucijolia (Sieber ex DC.) Harms elderberry panax

ASCLEPIADACEAE Marsdenia rostrata R. Br. stalked doubah Tylophora barbata R. Br. bearded tylophora

ASTERACEAE Arrhenechthites mixta (A. Rich.) Belcher purple fireweed Bedfordia arborescens Hochr. blanket Calomeria amaranthoides Vent. Cassinia aculeata (Labill.) R. Br. common cassinia 'i Cassinia longijolia R. Br. . shiny cassinia Cassinia trinerva N.A Wakef. three-veined cassinia * Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. spear thistle * Conyza albida Willd. ex Spreng. tall fleabane * Gnaphalium calviceps Fern. Gnaphalium coarctatum Willd. spiked cudweed Gnaphalium gymnocephalum DC. Gnaphalium involucratum Forst. f. Gnaphalium sphaericum Willd. Gnaphalium spicatum Helichrysum argophyllum (A.Cunn. ex DC.) N.A Wakef Helichrysum baxteri A Cunn. ex DC. Helichrysum bracteatum (Vent.) Andr. golden everlasting Helichrysum cuneijolium F. Muell. ex Benth. wedge-leaf everlasting Helichrysum diosmifolium (Vent.) Sweet tick bush Helichrysum elatum ACunn ex DC. white paper daisy Helichrysum leucopsideum DC. Helichrysum obcordatum (DC.) F. Muell. ex Benth. grey everlasting Helichrysum scorpioides Labill. * Hypochoeris glabra L. * Hypochoeris radicata L. cat's-ear Lagenifera gracilis Steetz Lagenijera stipitata (Labill.) Druce

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (Part), Eden District, Eden Region -116-

Scientific name Common name

* Leontodon taraxacoides (Vill.) Merat r- Olearia argophylla (Labill.) F. Muell. ex Benth. Olearia erubescens (Sieber ex DC.) Dippel Olearia iodochroa (F. Muell.) F. Muell. ex Benth. ;l Olearia lirata (Sims) Hutch. Olearia ramulosa (Labill.) Benth. twiggy daisy-bush Olearia tomentosa (Wendl.) DC. ssp. tomentosa daisy bush * Picris hieracioides L. ssp. hieractoides hawk weed Senecio lautus Forst. f. ex Willd. Senecio linearifolius A. Rich. fireweed groundsel Senecio sp. E (aff. apargiaefolius) Senecio velleioides A. Cunn. ex DC. forest groundsel Sigesbeckia orientalis L. Indian weed * Sonchus asper (L.) Hill BIGNONIACEAE Pandorea pandorana (Andr.) Steenis wonga wonga vine

BORAGINACEAE Cynoglossumlatifolium R. Br. forest hound's tongue Cynoglossum suaveolens R. Br. sweet hound's-tongue

BRASSICACEAE Rorippa gigantea (Hook. f.) Gamock-Jones

CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia gracilis (Forst. f.) Schrad. r Wahlenbergia stricta Sweet

CAPRIFOLIACEAE Sambucus gaudichaudiana DC.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE * Sagina apetala Ard. Stellaria flaccida Hook. forest starwort

CASUARINACEAE Allocasuarina littoralis (Salisb.) black she-oak L.A.S. Johnson

CELASTRACEAE Celastrus australis Harv. & F. Muell. small staff climber

CONVOLVULACEAE Calystegia marginata R. Br. forest bindweed Dichondra repens Forst. & Forst. f. kidney weed

CRASSULACEAE Crassula sieberiana (Schult.) Druce

CUNONIACEAE Aphanopetalum resinosum Endl. gum vine

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -117- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Scientific name Common name

...., DILLENIACEAE Hibbertia aspera DC. trailing guinea-flower Hibbertia dentata R. Br. ex DC. twining guinea-flower 1: Hibbertia empetrifolia (DC.) Hoogl. star-hair guinea-flower Hibbertia circumdans Conn Hibbertia sp. novo (aff. hermanniifolia)

DROSERACEAE Drosera peltata Srn. ex Willd. pale sundew

ELAEOCARPACEAE Elaeocarpus reticulatus Srn. lily-of-the-valley-tree

EPACRIDACEAE Brachyloma daphnoides (Srn.) Benth. Epacris impressa Labill. common heath Epacris microphylla R. Br. coral heath Leucopogon attenuatus A. Cunn. Leucopogon juniperinus R. Br. Leucopogon lanceolatus (Srn.) R. Br. var. lanceolatus Leucopogon microphyllus (cav.) R. Br. var. pilibundus (A. Cunn. ex DC.) Benth. Leucopogon setiger R. Br. Monotoca scoparia (Srn.) R. Br. prickly broom heath

EUCRYPHIACEAE Eucryphia moorei F. Muell. pinkwood

EUPHORBIACEAE Amperea xiphoclada (Sieber ex Spreng.) Druce broom spurge Beyeria lasiocarpa (F. Muell.) Muell. Arg. wallaby bush Omalanthus populifolius Grah. native poplar Phyllanthus gasstroemii Muell. Arg. forest phyllanthus Phyllanthus gunnii Hook. f. Phyllanthus hirtellus Muell. Arg. thyme spurge Poranthera corymbosa Brongn. Poranthera microphylla Brongn. small poranthera Pseudanthus divaricatissimus (Muell. Arg.) Benth.

EUPOMATIACEAE Eupomatia laurina R. Br. bolwarra

FABACEAE Bossiaea obcordata (Vent.) Druce spiny bossea Daviesia acicularis Srn. Daviesia buxifolia Benth. box-leaf bitter-pea Daviesia wyattiana F.M. Bail. long-leaf bitter-pea ~ Desmodium varians (Labill.) Endl, slender trefoil Dillwynia sericea A. Cunn. showy parrot pea

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (part), Eden District, Eden Region -118-

Scientific name Common name

Glycine clandestina Wendl. Goodia lotifolia Salisb. golden tipgoodia Hardenbergia violacea (Schneev.) Steam false sarsaparilla Hovea purpurea Sweet narrow-leaf hovea Indigofera australis Willd. var. australis australian indigo Kennedia rubicunda (Schneev.) Vent. soldier vine Mirbelia pungens A. Cunn. ex G. Don prickly mirbelia Oxylobium ilicifolium (Andr.) Domin holly shaggy pea Platylobium formosum Srn. ssp, formosum handsome flat pea Pultenaea benthamii F. Muell. Pultenaea daphnoides Wendl. daphne bush pea Pultenaea linophylla Schrad. Pultenaea retusa Srn. blunt bush pea Pultenaea villifera Sieber ex DC. Pultenaea viscosa R. Br. ex Benth.

GENTIANACEAE * Centaurium erythraea Rafn common centaury

GERANIACEAE Geranium homeanum Turcz. scrub crane's-bill Geranium potentilloides L. Herit. ex DC. var. potentilloides Geranium solanderi Carolin var. solanderi Austral crane's-bill Pelagonium inodorum Willd.

GESNERIACEAE Fieldia australis A. Cunn. fieldia

GOODENIACEAE Coopernookia barbata (R. Br.) Carolin purple goodenia Dampiera stricta (Srn.) R. Br. blue dampiera Goodenia ovata Srn. hop goodenia Scaevola aemula R. Br, Scaevola ramosissima (Srn.) Krause

HALORAGACEAE Gonocarpus teucrioides DC. gennander raspwort Myriophyllum propinquum A. Cunn. s. lat.

HYPERICACEAE Hypericum gramineum Forst. f. small St.Johns wort

LAMIACEAE Plectranthus parviflorus Willd. cockspur flower Prostanthera incisa R. Br. var. pubescens F. Muell. ex Benth. Prostanthera lasianthos Labill. Victorian Christmas bush Prostanthera nivea A. Cunn. ex Benth. Prostanthera phylicifolia F. Muell. spiked mint-bush -., Prostanthera rotundifolia R. Br. Scutellaria mollis R. Br. Westringia davidii Conn

Forestry Conunission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -119- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Scientific name Common name

", LAURACEAE Cassytha glabella R. Br. tangled devil's twine Cassytha pubescens R. Br. downy devil's twine

LOBELIACEAE Isotoma axillaris Lindl. Lobelia alata Labill. angled lobelia Lobelia dentata Cav. cut-leaf lobelia Lobelia gibbosa Labill. tall lobelia

LOGANIACEAE Logania albiflora (Andr.) Druce narrow-leaf logania

LORANTHACEAE Amyema pendulum (Sieber ex Spreng.) Tieghem Muellerina eucalyptoides (DC.) Barlow

MALVACEAE Howittia trilocularis F. Muell. blue howittia

MENISPERMACEAE Sarcopetalum harveyanum F. Muell. big-leaf vine Stephania japonica (Thumb.) Miers var. discolor (Bl.) Forman tape vine

MIMOSACEAE "} Acacia cognata Domin Acacia elongata Sieber ex DC. »! Acacia falciformis DC. downy hickory wattle Acacia implexa Benth. lightwood Acacia longifolia (Andr.) Willd. var. longifolia Sydney golden wattle Acacia mearnsii De Wildeman Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. blackwood Acacia myrtifolia (Srn.) Willd. Acacia obtusifolia A. Cunn. Acacia suaveolens (Sm.) Willd. sweet wattle Acacia subporosa :1:. Muell. Acacia subtilinervis F. Muell. Acacia terminalis (Salisb.) Macbride sunshine wattle Acacia ulicifolia (Salisb.) Court prickly moses

MONIMIACEAE Hedycarya angustifolia A. Cunn. Australian mulberry

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (part), Eden District, Eden Region -120-

Scientific name Common name

MORACEAE Ficus rubiginosa Desf. ex Vent.

MYRSINACEAE Rapanea howittiana Mez muttonwood

MYRTACEAE Acmena smithii (poir.) Merr. & Perry lillypilly Baeckea virgata (Forst. & Forst. f.) Andr. tall baeckia Callistemon subulatus Cheel Calytrix tetragona Labill. common fringe myrtle Darwinia camptostylis B.G. Briggs Eucalyptus agglomerata Maiden blue-leaved stringybark Eucalyptus bosistoana F. Muell. coast grey box Eucalyptus cypellocarpa L.A.S. Johnson mountain grey gum Eucalyptus elata Dehnh. river peppermint Eucalyptus fastigata H.Deane & Maiden brown barrel Eucalyptus fraxinoides H.Deane & Maiden white ash Eucalyptus globoidea Blakely white stringybark Eucalyptus maidenii F. Muell. Maiden's gum Eucalyptus gummifera (Gaertn.) Hochr. bloodwood Eucalyptus muelleriana Howitt .yellow stringybark Eucalyptus obliqua L 'Herit. messmate Eucalyptus croajingolensis narrow-leaved peppermint L.A.S. Johnson & K. Hill Eucalyptus sideroxylon A. Cunn. ex Woolls r ssp. tricarpa L.A.S. Johnson Eucalyptus sieberi L.A.S. Johnson silvertop ash Eucalyptus smithii R.T. Bak. gully peppermint Kunzea ambigua (Sm.) Druce white kunzea Leptospermum attenuatum Sm. paperbark tea-tree Leptospermum emarginatum H. Wendl. ex Link Leptospermum scoparium Forst. & Forst. f. manuka tea-tree Melaleuca armillaris (Soland ex Gaertn.) Sm. bracelet honey myrtle Melaleuca squarrosa Donn ex Sm. scented paperbark Tristaniopsis laurina (Sm.) R. Br. water gumk

OLEACEAE Notelaea venosa F. Muell veined mock olive

OXALIDACEAE Oxalis chnoodes Oxalis perenans Haw.

PASSIFLORACEAE Passiflora cinnabarina Lindl.

PITTOSPORACEAE Billardiera procumbens (Hook.) Bennett Billardiera scandens Sm. common apple-berry

Forestry Conunission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -121- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (part), Eden District, Eden Region -122-

Scientific name Common name

Galium binifolium N.A. Wakef. Galium liratum N.A. Wakef. Galium propinquum A. Cunn. Morinda jasminoides A. Cunn. great morinda Opercularia aspera Gaertn. coarse stinkweed Opercularia varia Hook. f. variable stinkweed Pomax umbellata (Gaertn.) Soland. ex A. Rich pomax RUTACEAE Boronia anemonifolia A. Cunn. Boronid muelleri (Benth.) Cheel Crowea exalata F. Muell. Eriostemon myoporoides DC. ssp. myoporoides long-leaf waxflower Eriostemon trachyphyllus F. Muell. Eriostemon virgatus Hook. f. Phebalium ralstonii (F. Muell.) Benth. Zieria smithii Andr. sandfly zieria SANTALACEAE Exocarpos cupressiformis Labill. cherry ballart Exocarpus strictus R. Br. Leptomeria acida R. Br. SAPINDACEAE Alectryon subcinereus (A. Gray) Radlk. wild quince Dodonaea multijuga G. Don Dodonaea triquetra Wendl. large-leaf hop-bush r Dodonaea truncatiales F. Muell. var. truncatiales , SCROPHULARIACEAE Gratiola latifolia R. Br. Veronica calycina R. Br. Veronica notabilis F. Muell. ex Benth. forest speedwell Veronica plebeia R. Br. SOLANACEAE * Solanum nigrum L. Solanum prinophyllum Dunal forest nightshade Solanum pungetium R. Br. STACKHOUSIACEAE Stackhousia monogyna Labill. STERCULIACEAE Brachychiton populneus R. Br. kurrajong Commersonia fraseri J. Gay brush kurrajong Lasiopetalum ferrugineum Srn. var. ferrugineum rusty-velvet bush Lasiopetalum macrophyllum Grah. Rulingia hermanniifolia (J, Gay ex DC.) Steetz Rulingia dasyphylla (Andr.) Sweet

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -123- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Scientific name Common name

'''''1 STYLIDIACEAE Stylidium graminifolium Sw. ex Willd. grass trigger-plant

THYMELAEACEAE Pimelea axiflora F. Muell. ex Meisn. ssp. axiflora Pimelea linifolia Srn. ssp. linifolia slender rice flower

TREMANDRACEAE Tetratheca pilosa Labill. ssp. latifolia Joy Thompson Tetratheca subaphylla Benth. Tetratheca thymifolia Srn.

URTICACEAE Australina pusilla Gaudich Urtica incisa Poir. scrub nettle

VIOLACEAE Hybanthus vernonii (p. Muell.) F. Muell. ssp. vernonii Hymenanthera dentata R. Br. ex Ging. tree violet Viola hederacea Labill.

VISACEAE Korthalsella rubra (Tiegh.) Endl. ssp. rubra 1 VITACEAE ~\ Cissus hypoglauca A. Gray white-leaved vine

MAGNOLIOPSIDA - LILllDAE

CENTROLEPIDACEAE Centrolepis fascicularis Labill.

CYPERACEAE Carex appressa R. Br. tall sedge Caustis flexuosa R. Br. curly sedge Cyperus lucidus R. Br. leafy flat- sedge Gahnia melanocarpa R. Br black-fruit saw sedge Gahnia microstachya Benth. slender saw sedge Gahnia radula Benth. thatch saw-sedge Gahnia sieberiana Kunth Isolepis habra (E. Edgar) Sojak Isolepis inundata R. Br. T Lepidosperma filiforme Labill. thread rapier Lepidosperma laterale R. Br. . broad sword sedge Lepidosperma lineare R. Br narrow sword sedge ~

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest (part). Eden District, Eden Region -124-

Scientific name Common name

Lepidosperma squamatum R. Br. Lepidosperma urophorum N.A. Wakef. Schoenus apogon Roem. & Schult. common bog rush Schoenus maschalinus Roem. & Schult leafy bog rush Schoenus melanostachys R. Br. black bog rush

IRIDACEAE Libertia paniculata (R. Br.) Spreng. branching grass flag Patersonia glabrata R. Br. leafy purple flag Patersonia sericea R. Br. ex Ker var. sericea silky purple flag

JUNCACEAE Juncus planifolius R Br. broadleaf rush Luzula flaccida (Buchen) E. Edgar

LILIACEAE Arthropodium milleflorum (Red.) Macbride pale vanilla lily Dianella caerulea Sims rough flax lily Dianella revoluta R. Br. rolled flax lily Dianella tasmanica Hook.f. Schelhammera undulata R Br. Stypandra glauca RBr. nodding blue lily Thysanotus tuberosus R Br. fringed lily

ORCHIDACEAE Acianthus exsertus R Br. r Caladenia carnea R Br. Caleana major R. Br. duck orchid Calochilus robertsonii Benth. purplish beard-orchid Chiloglottis gunnii Lindl, common bird orchid Chiloglottis reflexa (Labill.) Druce autumn bird orchid Cryptostylis hunteriana Nicholls Cryptostylis leptochila F. Muell. ex Benth. small tongue orchid Dendrobium speciosum Sm. Dendrobium striolatum Reichb. f. Dipodium punctatum (Sm.) R Br. Plectorhiza tridentata (Lindl.) Dockr. tangle orchid Prasophyllum flavum R Br. Prasophyllum sp. aff. morrisii Thelymitra pauciflora R Br. few-flowered sun orchid

POACEAE Agropyron scabrum (Labill.) Beauv. var. scabrum Anisopogon avenaceus R Br. oat spear grass Chionochloa pallida (R. Br.) S. Jacobs Danthonia longifolia R Br. long-leaf wallaby grass Danthonia pilosa R Br. var. pilosa Danthonia racemosa R Br. var, racemosa Danthonia tenuior (Steud.) Conert Deyeuxia scaberula Vickery Deyeuxia quadriseta (Labill.) Benth. reed bent grass Dichelachne crinita (L.) Hook. f. Dichelachne micrantha (Cav.) Domin short-haired plume grass

Forestry Commission of New South Wales Forest Resources Series No. 10 .I Flora and Fauna Survey of Nullica State Forest -125- (Part), Eden District, Eden Region

Scientific name Common name

Dichelachne rara (R. Br.) Vickery plume grass Echinopogon ovatus (Forst, f.) Beauc. forest hedgehog-grass Entolasia marginata (R. Br.) Hughes bordered panic grass Entolasia stricta (R. Br.) Hughes wiry panic grass Hierochloe rariflora Hook. f. Imperata cylindrica Beauv. blady grass var. major (Nees) C.E. Hubbard Microlaena stipoides (Labill.) R. Br. weeping grass var. stipoides Oplismenus imbecillus (R.Br.) Roem. & Schult. Panicum simile Domin Poa labillardieri Steud. Poa meionectes Vickery Stipa rudis Spreng. ssp. nervosa Vickery Stipa semibarbata R.. Br. Tetrarrhena juncea R. Br. wiry rice grass Themeda australis (R. Br.) Stapf kangaroo grass * Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray SMILACACEAE Eustrephus latifolius R. Br. Geitonoplesium cymosum (R. Br.) A. Cunn. ex Hook. scrambling lilly Ripogonum album R. Br. white supple-jack Smilax australis R. Br. prickly supple-jack XANTHORRHOEACEAE Lomandra confertifolia (p. M. Bail.) A Fahn ssp. leptostachya AT. Lee Lomandra confertifolia (F. M. Bail.) A Fahn ssp. rubiginosa AT. Lee Lomandra filiformis (Thunb.) Britten wattle mat rush ssp. filiformis Lomandra glauca (R. Br.) Ewart ssp. glauca Lomandra longifolia Labill. ssp. longifolia spiny-headed mat rush Lomandra multiflora (R. Br.) Britten many-flowered mat rush Xanthorrhoea australis R. Br. Xanthorrhoea concava (A Lee) Bedford

Forest Resources Series No. 10 Forestry Commission of New South Wales 61 6l:!1 Appendix 2. Site data for floristic survey plots, Nullica State Forest. ... 0 ~ (1l ... ~'" ...'" ~'" Cl "tls:;:l. el 'Tl .... §'" I. PLOTNO PLDIMMPNO AMGE AMGN LAT LONG ALT ASP SL TP FT ER SR SRPS CANSPEC CANCV CANHT re", m '"o· g I:l 0 ~~ ..... l=j'< ACMESMIT ...·0 ~ NUL001 50020 8824 742380 5905350 365800 1494320 350 20 14 6 14 0 2 5 95 20 (') ..... ~ NUL002 100010 8823 748180 5897930 370156 1494725 190 80 1 11 157 1 2 5 EUCAMUELEUCACYPE 30 35 m re~ 0 NUL003 100010 8824 743980 5901780 365958 1494429 260 140 2 11 14 1 3 4 ACMESMIT e:: 50 20 g lr- Er ~80 :;.:l'" NUL004 50020 8823 743300 5899980 370054 1494404 o 11 14 1 3 4 ACMESMITEUCRMOOR 30 25 (1l m ~ NUL005 50020 8823 743050 5901000 370021 1494353 380 120 5 2 112 0 1 4 EUCASIEB 35 25 o·~ ~ I:l '" NUL006 50020 8823 748650 5899600 370100 1494742 240 105 o 114 0 0 0 EUCASIEBEUCAAGGLEUCAGUMM40 25 NUL007 50020 8823 744260 5900220 370045 1494443 340 0 2 112 0 1 4 EUCASIEB 55 25 NUL008 50020 8824 748380 5902580 365924 1494725 160 70 5 6 14 0 1 4 ACMESMIT 20 20 NUL009 50020 8823 744600 5897200 370222 1494501 400 10 40 5 224 3 2 4 KUNZAMBIMELAARMI 60 5 NUL010 50020 8824 745150 5907180 365709 1494511 340 0 3 158 0 1 4 EUCAMAID 15 30 NULOll 50020 8824 745200 5906930 365706 1494509 310 295 24 4 88 0 1 4 EUCABOSIEUCAMUEL 50 35 NUL012 50020 8824 746950 5901550 365959 1494629 140 335 14 6 114 0 2 4 EUCAAGGLEUCASIEB 50 30 NUL013 50020 8823 747850 5901250 370008 1494708 170 60 8 5 114 0 2 4 EUCAAGGLEUCASIEB 20 25

NUL014 50020 8823 747750 5901000 370016 1494703 230 50 10 10 121 2 2 5 EUCAAGGLEUCASMIT 20 25 I~ NUL015 50020 8823 748800 5898030 370151 1494750 120 315 15 5 121 1 3 5 EUCAAGGLEUCASIEB 30 35 NUL016 50020 8823 743130 5899600 370160 1494357 450 320 31 4 114 1 3 5 EUCASMITEUCAAGGLEUCASIEB30 35 NUL017 50020 8823 743280 5898950 370127 1494405 430 20 21 11 165 2 2 5 EUCASMITEUCAMUEL 30 25 NUL018 50020 8823 744380 5895850 370306 1494451 290 335 20 6 157 0 2 5 EUCAMUELEUCACYPEEUCASMIT60 35 NUL019 50020 8824 746130 5904480 365824 1494555 500 5 5 8 150 0 0 0 EUCAMUELEUCACYPEEUCAOBLI60 40 NUL020 50020 8823 746130 5899100 370119 1494600 450 160 18 10 169 0 3 4 EUCAMUELEUCAFAST 30 30 NUL021 50020 8823 742030 5899330 370116 1494314 660 45 11 5 156 0 3 5 EUCAOBLIEUCASIEB 50 35 'Tl 0 NUL022 50020 8823 744180 5898280 370147 1494441 430 15 18 5 169 0 2 5 EUCAMUELEUCASMITEUCAELAT60 35 ~ NUL023 50020 8823 747980 5895130 370327 1494720 270 50 17 6 165 1 2 4 EUCASMITEUCAMUEL 70 30 '"... :;.:l NUL024 50020 8824 742750 5903450 365903 1494337 390 200 30 6 150 0 2 4 EUCAOBLIEUCAMUELEUCASIEB40 40 (1l '"0 NUL025 50020 8824 742700 5903300 365906 1494337 390 160 19 2 156 0 0 0 EUCASIEBEUCAOBLIEUCAMUEL 60 40 ~ NUL026 50020 8824 743020 5904380 365832 1494347 300 70 4 2 157 1 2 5 EUCAMUELEUCACYPE 30 40 (1l m'" NUL027 50020 8824 743530 5904380 365831 1494408 300 340 21 4 114 0 2 4 EUCASIEBEUCAAGGL 30 20

~. (1l t'" ...... 0

t y ,

" ~~ ~,'""" '~-( -!i' 'f .lil' r

61 iil 1 Appendix 2 (continued) ...'" :;I:l (lI ~I PLOTNO PLDIMMPNO AMGE AMGN LAT LONG ALT ASP SL TP FT ER SR SRPS CANSPEC CANCVCANHT ~ (lI

'"Cl) (lI ~. NUL028 50020 8823 747100 5895500 370317 1494644 190 230 14 6 123 1 1 4 EUCACYPEEUCAGLOBEUCASMIT30 25 '" ~ NUL029 50020 8823 744850 5896500 370215 1494511 220 200 20 5 157 1 2 4 EUCACYPEEUCAMUEL 40 30 .- NUL030 50020 8824 747280 5902150 365938 1494642 170 120 2 11 152 0 2 5 EUCAOBLIEUCACYPE 60 40 0 NUL031 50020 8823 142180 5897580 370212 1494321 580 4 2 157 0 3 4 EUCAOBLIEUCAMUEL 30 35 NUL032 50020 8823 742900 5898460 370144 1494350 520 140 12 11 154 1 2 5 EUCAFAST 60 40 NUL033 50020 8823 744280 5896250 370253 1494447 360 340 1 11 155 2 2 5 EUCACYPEEUCAFAST 15 40 NUL034 50020 8824 745800 5906680 365714 1494537 290 120 21 6 155 0 2 5 EUCAFASTEUCACYPE 40 40 NUL035 50020 8823 747600 5897930 370155 1494701 210 10 5 155 0 1 4 EUCAFAST 30 35 NUL036 50020'8824 745830 5907230 365656 1494538 450 175 11 4 169 0 2 5 EUCAMUEL 50 30 NUL037 50020 8824 742330 5903930 365848 1494320 370 320 20 6 169 0 2 4 EUCAMUELEUCASMIT 20 30 NUL038 50020 8824 746200 5903800 365846 1494558 450 165 25 5 169 1 2 5 EUCAMUEL 30 35 NUL039 50020 8824 742780 5904400 365830 1494337 300 170 23 4 169 0 1 4 EUCACYPEEUCAMUELEUCASIEB10 40 I~~ I NUL040 50020 8823 743350 5898780 370132 1494408 520 340 23 4 114 1 3 5 EUCAAGGLEUCASIEB 30 25 NUL041 50020 8823 742180 5896960 370232 1494322 550 80 21 5 157 1 2 6 EUCAMUELEUCACYPE 50 40 NUL042 50020 8824 745380 5905080 365806 1494523 420 5 8 5 158 0 1 4 EUCAMAID 50 35 NUL043 50020 8823 747780 5897400 370213 1494709 150 80 4 2 158 0 0 0 EUCACYPEEUCABOSIEUCAGLOB30 35 NUL044 50020 8823 747950 5897480 370211 1494717 140 0 9 155 0 0 0 EUCACYPEEUCAELATEUCAFAST40 35 NUL045 50020 8824 744700 5903830 365848 1494455 220 0 2 155 0 1 4 EUCACYPEEUCAFAST 25 40 ~ NUL046 100010 8824 745180 5903580 365853 1494517 230 185 5 11 14 1 2 4 ACMESMITCISSHYPO 60 15 ... 61 NUL047 50020 8824 746380 5902230 365937 1494605 180 9 152 0 0 0 EUCACYPEEUCAOBLI 40 40 IlO ~ NUL048 5002ij 8824 748300 5901580 365957 1494724 140 0 9 158 0 0 0 EUCACYPE 10 35 8. ~ "I1 o NUL049 50020 8823 741830 5898150 370154 1494307 690 160 20 5 162 0 1 5 EUCAFRAXEUCAOBLIEUCACYPE60 40 -;:a§J 0 NUL050 50020 8824 742070 5905350 365800 1494308 390 80 o 165 1 1 4 EUCASMITEUCAMUEL 30 30 a IlO '-' Cl) i· NUL051 50020 8824 742480 5905250 365803 1494325 360 360 23 6 165 1 2 4 EUCASMIT 40 40 . ~ er'" NUL052 50020 8823 743130 5899750 370101 1494355 360 330 35 5 165 1 3 6 EUCASMITEUCAAGGLEUCASIEB50 25 ~~ ::I 0 NUL053 50020 8824 747980 5902030 365942 1494710 200 260 10 5 112 0 2 4 EUCASIEB 15 20 og, .." ~.Z NUL054 50020 8823 745100 5900530 370033 1494517 210 40 2 11 224 2 2 4 KUNZAMBIMELASQUALOMAMYRI10 4 8'. e. ~ NUL055 50020 8823 742800 5901430 370007 1494342 470 25 18 4 165 1 3 5 EUCASMITEUCAMUEL 60 30 P.1f Cl) g NUL056 50020 8823 742750 5896680 370241 1494345 400 255 40 6 224 2 3 5 CISSHYPO 80 5 re~ po g S' NUL057 50020 8823 742950 5896930 370233 1494353 350 310 35 5 224 0 3 5 ACACFALC 8 15 :;I:let ::eJ cm.~ ~ '" g ~ 61 Appendix 2 (continued) 61~ ~ ~ ... '" Il> ~'" .... § '"C~ o I'l 'T.l PLOTNO PLDIMMPNO AMGE AMGN LAT LONG ALT ASP SL TP FT ER SR SRPS CANSPEC CANCVCANHT .... Il:>

~. re~ ....'" ~ m '"0 ::s O~ 0 NUL058 50020 8823 747150 5895000 370332 1494648 250 315 5 2 114 0 1 4 EUCASIEBEUCAMUELEUCASIDE 70 25 ~. ~ ...., I=f'< NUL059 50020 8823 747630 5899500 370104 1494701 350 80 16 2 114' 0 2 EUCASIEBEUCAAGGL .... 0 ~ 4 50 25 p....., :E NUL060 50020 8824 744900 5901880 365950 1494510 260 10 25 5 114 1 3 4 EUCAAGGLEUCASIEB 15 20 m re~ 0 NUL061 50020 8824 746580 5905980 365735 1494609 330 90 12 2 114 1 3 5 EUCASIEBEUCAAGGL 50 20 ~ 5- =go :;tjll> NUL062 50020 8824 746880 5903880 365843 1494624 410 195 27 5 224 1 2 4 CALYTETRDARWCAMPEPACMICR75 1 ~ m NUL063 50020 8824 745180 5906500 365720 1494513 320 225 7 2 114 0 2 5 EUCASIEBEUCAAGGL 50 30 er~ ~ ::s '" NUL064 50020 8824 742250 5904130 365841 1494317 390 70 3 2 114 0 1 4 EUCAMUELEUCASIEB 25 30 NUL065 50020 8823 744130 5895730 370311 1494442 350 345 14 2 112 0 2 5 EUCASIEBEUCAAGGLEUCASMIT70 25 NUL066 100010 8823 747880 5901050 370014 1494708 170 340 10 11 224 3 2 5 MELAARMIERIOMYOPKUNZAMBI30 5 NUL067 50020 8823 746150 5899780 370056 1494559 350 340 50 5 224 3 2 4 MELAARMIKUNZAMBI 10 6 NUL068 50020 8823 743230 5898450 370144 1494403 580 225 19 4 156 0 1 5 EUCASIEBEUCAOBLI 60 40 NUL069 50020 8823 748300 5898850 370125 1494728 210 10 15 5 224 2 2 4 KUNZAMBIMELAARMI 30 4 NUL070 50020 8823 748880 5899180 370112 1494751 220 260 32 5 224 3 2 5 KUNZAMBIMELAARMI 40 3 NUL071 50020 8823 748550 5898450 370139 1494740 210 0 2 224 3 2 5 MELAARMIKUNZAMBI 30 3 NUL072 50020 8823 746300 5894030 370403 1494613 360 10 7 2 112 0 1 4 EUCASIEB 70 25 I~ NUL073 50020 8823 745700 5898880 370128 1494503 490 230 18 4 112 0 2 4 EUCASIEB 40 20 NUL074 50020 8823 748750 5897780 370201 1494747 120 280 2 11 224 3 2 4 BAECVIRGLEPTEMARKUNZAMBI40 3 NUL075 50020'8824 746340 5906430 365721 1494600 240 330 26 5 224 3 2 4 MELAARMIKUNZAMBI 50 5 NUL076 50020 8823 741860 5900180 370048 1494306 610 30 38 4 112 2 2 5 EUCASIEB 30 25 NUL077 50020 8823 746350 5899330 370112 1494609 460 10 10 10 114 0 2 4 EUCASIEBEUCAAGGL 30 30 NUL078 50020 8823 747400 5899450 370106 1494650 370 45 10 6 112 1 1 4 EUCAMUELEUCASIEB 30 35 NUL079 50020 8824 745480 5903050 365912 1494528 220 210 16 5 150 0 1 4 EUCAOBLIEUCARADI 25 25

61 NUL080 50020 8824 744350 5905550 365752 1494440 400 15 16 2 114 0 2 4 EUCASIEBEUCAMUELEUCASMIT60 30 ~ NUL081 50020 8824 742930 5905130 365806 1494342 340 210 30 5 157 2 2 5 EUCAMUEL 40 35 '".... :;tj NUL082 50020 8824 742100 5904450 365829 1494310 430 o 14 4 112 0 3 3 EUCASIEB 30 25 ~ s NUL083 50020 8824 746750 5907200 365657 1494538 390 50 15 4 112 0 2 4 EUCASIEB 60 30 ~ NUL084 50020 8824 745880 5906280 365734 1494541 360 2 112 2 3 6 EUCASIEB 50 25 ~ '"m NUL085 50020 8824 746230 5904580 365820 1494558 490 265 8 4 112 0 2 4 EUCASIEB 50 30 NUL086 50020 8824 745130 5901900 365949 1494515 240 200 15 5 169 1 1 5 EUCAMUELEUCAOBLI 50 30 ~. '" ~ ...... 0

t -<: ..,.. ~ -(C' t· "" I\• ~,J J;. )

. 61 ~ Appendix 2 (continued) I ...tn :;0 (I>

~I PLOTNO PLDIMMPNO AMGE AMGN LAT LONG AL'r ASP SL TP FT ER SR SRPS CANSPEC CANCVCANHT 0 (I> tn en ~ ~' tn NUL087 50020 8823 742830 5896580 370245 1494348 490 280 32 5 114 1 3 5 EUCASIEBEUCAAGGL 60 20

~ NUL088 50020 8823 742480 5896250 370255 1494335 560 60 12 4 157 1 3 5 EUCAMUELEUCACYPE 70 35 .... NUL089 50020 8823 747230 5896930 370229 1494646 180 6 151 0 1 4 EUCAOBLIEUCAFASTEUCACYPE50 35 0 NUL090 50020 8823 745950 5896830 370234 1494555 180 2 8 154 0 1 5 EUCAFAST 40 35 NUL091 50020 8823 747230 5897280 370219 1494646 260 10 2 112 0 1 4 EUCASIEB 60 25

·PLOTNO=Plot number; PLDIM=Plot dimension; MPNO=MapnumQer; AMGE=AMGeasting; AMGN=AMGnorthing; LAT=Latitude; LONG=Longitude; ALT=Altitude (m); ASP=Aspect (degrees); SL=S!ope (degrees); TP=Topographic position code; FT=Field forest type; ER=Exposed bedrock; SR=Surface rock cover; CAN~PEC=Canopy SRPS=Surface CANCV=Canopy CANHT=Canopy (m) I rock particle size; species; cover (%); height .... ~ I

~ ... 61 I>:> ~ [ ~ 'I1 o ~§

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_J 61:!1 61 ... ~ g '" III I>' ~ ~a Cl Percentage' of sites where each species was detected during: (a), the regional WWF-Forestry .Commission Owl Survey of 1988-1989; ~~ Appendix 3. Ye:: 10 I. (b), a segment of these data for the 35 sites closest (approx. km) to the present study area; and (c), for the study area itself 0..1>'m=' '" (source; Kavanagh 1990, Kavanagh and Peake 1991a, and Kavanagh unpublished data). All sites were surveyed on two occasions. ~ tI:l g''" Species codes as for Table 7. t:l~ ....,o I;;'~ ~.g, ~ ;~ tI:l Survey No.sites POWL SOWL MOWL SBBK AONJ TAFM WTNJ GRGL YBGL SUGL FfGL CRTP CBTP MBTP TUAN KALA itS=: s =' I>'Cl Er' area surveyed :;I:ltl:l Jg I» .::E: o·g ~ =' (a) Regional 228 9.7 4.4 3.7 67.1 46.9, 2.6 16.2 18.9 38.2 38.6 3.1 19.3 8.3 4.8 0.4 0.4

(b) District 35 11.4 8.6 5.7 77.1 68.6 2.9 25.7 8.6 31.4 62.9 0 14.3 8.6 2.9 2.9 2.9

(c) Study 40 22.5 12.5 7.5 12.5 5.0 7.5 2.5 5.0 45.0 50.0 12.5 40.0 7.5 .....I u.lo area I

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