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1 YEARS SOCIAL & INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE AGES Ulverston, Church Walk, St Mary with Holy Trinity AD THROUGH THE AGES Open weekday mornings WC LA12 7EN Christianity spreads throughout the Roman Empire and by 400 AD 100 Romans possibly surface-mine the rich local copper A church has served this ancient Romans occupying the south of Cumbria are known to be Christian. and iron ores, but the area is mostly dependent market town since at least 1111. Early Christian evangelist saints like Patrick, Ninian, Kentigern and Ulverston has historic importance 400 upon agriculture being at one end of the treacherous Cuthbert preach across the northern counties sands crossing from Lancaster, which C7 - C10th – A time of unrest with Anglo-Saxons, Viking and Norse 700 was the main land route into Furness invasions. They initially destroy churches and religious communities, A large hoard of Viking coins is buried at Stainton until the turn-pike roads were built in before settling and becoming Christians the late 1700s. Along this coast to quarry near Dalton circa 955AD Greenodd the ports were key exits for 1066 – Norman invasion. Some local churches retain architecture from this period By the end of the 12th century the Normans boats carrying slate, charcoal and iron ore. quarry slate for roofing, and mining increases Features: Grade II* listed. Original church damaged by the toppling 1127 – Furness Abbey, one of the most important abbeys in the north of 1100 of the steeple in a storm; tower rebuilt c1540. Much of the interior is England is founded. It survives a Scottish invasion led by Robert the The monks develop large scale sheep farming and 19th century by the architect Paley. Contains the coat of arms of Bruce the wool trade flourishes. They use Piel Island, Sir John Barrow, formerly Second Secretary to the Admiralty. 1517 – The Protestant Reformation begins in Europe, coming later to 1500 known as Foudray, as a safe harbour where they Sir John’s monument, a replica lighthouse, stands on Hoad Hill behind Britain and leading to build a fortified warehouse. The charcoal and iron the church. 1536-40 – The Dissolution of the Monasteries and desecration of industries grow. Charcoal is used in bloomeries in images of saints and martyrs in churches High Furness to extract iron from iron ore. In 1549 – The Act of Uniformity makes the Book of Common Prayer the 1568 Elizabeth I establishes The Society of Mines 3 only legal form of worship under Edward VI. It is used to unify religious Royal which brings foreign miners into the area worship in England but forces many persecuted Catholics to go into Lindal in Furness, St Peter hiding Open 10am-4pm WC LA12 0LS 1600 Following the Civil War the monarchy is restored. Lindal in Furness was once 1611 – The King James Bible is published and also used to unify worship General Monck a key figure in the restoration of the hub of a series of small in England Charles II is rewarded with the Manor of Plain Furness iron ore mines. As a result of 1642-60 – Civil wars and the Commonwealth period. Britain has no the population explosion that monarch and Oliver Cromwell suspends the Book of Common Prayer Turnpike roads of the 1750s improve movement came with the rapid because of its links with Royalism. Radical Religious groups develop and encourage the first tourists. Ulverston Canal is industrial development of the including the Society of Friends (Quakers) circa 1650 built at the end of the 18th century and the export e t area, the parish of Lindal- a of local goods and the building of wooden boats g 1662 – The Book of Common Prayer is rewritten. Providing the pattern r o with-Marton was created in N of future services, it remains unchanged until 1928 1800 increases. The arrival of the railway in 1846 triggers n i t 1872. The present St r a the explosion of Barrow-in-Furness with iron M Peter’s, which was 1720-30s – The beginning of the Methodist Movement under Charles : t i d smelting from the excellent local ore, and iron ship e consecrated in 1886, was and John Wesley r c o building t built to replace a temporary o 1829 – Catholic Relief Act removes restrictions on Roman Catholics in h P iron church built in 1875. the UK Features: Grade II listed. The church has a reredos carved by Alec Farming continues and numerous businesses Cumbria’s churches continue to serve local communities and welcome Present support the local paper, slate, pharmaceutical and Miller of the Chipping Campden Guild. It also contains a fascinating all visitors photographic archive and pit-head model of local mine works. day defence industries 4 8 13 Great Urswick, St Mary the Virgin and St Michael Rampside, St Michael LA13 0PZ Ireleth with Askam, St Peter LA16 7HB Open on request Open 10am-4pm LA12 0TA Open on request Windswept in its elevated and isolated Known locally as ‘the Iron This is reputedly one of the most Church’, St Peter’s was built ancient churches in Furness. In the mid position, with views across Morecambe Bay, St Michael’s stands, by tradition, on in 1865, partly with the 12th century the monks of Furness profits from the local iron Abbey took charge of the church of the site of an ancient burial mound. The first building was probably a small chapel mines, to support an St Mary’s in the Fields, believed to increasing local population. have already existed for 200-300 years. of ease to serve the local community that lived some distance from the parish This beautifully sited church Features: Grade I listed. Lower part church in Dalton. St Michael’s is known overlooks the Duddon of the tower is probably 12th century both as ‘the farmer’s church’ for its Estuary and the Irish Sea, and may have been a defensive pele service to the local farming community, and ‘the seaman’s church’ which brought some of the tower. The weathered statue in the tower of the grieving Mary with earliest settlers and invaders her son removed from the cross probably came from Furness Abbey. because of the numerous sailors buried here after falling victim to the treacherous waters around. to the area. Homes dating from the Bronze Age onwards can be Three tiered pulpit with beautiful shell-shaped tester. Two fragments of found in the nearby hills. crosses date from the 9th/10th century and show Norse influence. Features: Evidence of earlier use of the site includes a neolithic stone 18th century altar painting of the Last Supper by local man James axe-hammer and a Viking sword, discovered in the 1860s, as well as a Features: Grade II listed. Simple structure with a small bell tower. Cranke. Fine carved woodwork by Alec Miller of the Chipping medieval burial. The present structure is mainly Victorian and contains East window shows St Peter, Christ in Majesty and the Blessed Virgin Campden Guild, 1908-12. Local heritage display in tower. some good contemporary stained glass windows. Mary made by the famous Shrigley and Hunt. 6 10 14 Aldingham, St Cuthbert LA12 9RT Barrow-in-Furness, Duke Street, Kirkby-in-Furness (Beckside) St Cuthbert Open 10am-4pm WC St Mary of Furness RC Open 9am-3pm LA14 1XW Open 9am-4pm WC LA17 7TQ Aldingham church stands St Mary of Furness bears the name of the It is possible that a church open to the wild beauty of Furness Abbey church where the roots of was built on this site as Morecambe Bay, where the sea Roman Catholicism were firmly established in early as 875 AD by the has claimed much of the former the area before the dissolution of the Lindisfarne monks fleeing village. The church tower holds monasteries. But by 1835 it is said that Barrow from the Danes with two ancient bells bought at the had just one Roman Catholic person. Cuthbert’s body. Much of dissolution of both the local However numbers grew as Barrow the church is Norman. Furness Abbey and Conishead transformed from a tiny hamlet to a thriving The entrance doorway is Priory, one bears the inscription iron and shipbuilding port in the mid 19th particularly impressive. ‘SSS’ (sanctus, sanctus, sanctus). century, and as the Irish potato famine of 1846 Features: Grade II* listed. Features: Grade II* listed. drove many people to this developing town in Contains two solid oak chests constructed from trees allegedly grown Largely Norman in origin (1147). search of work. Initially Roman Catholics from the time of Christ. Roger De Kirkby, whose descendants were A fragment of a worn Anglo-Saxon cross and some Viking burials hint walked to Ulverston for Sunday Mass, but in at a more ancient sacred site. Contains a 12th century font bowl and 1867 this proud church was ready for worship. Lords of the Manor, reputedly built the church. Early 13th century 19th century stained glass. There is a ‘leper hole’, reputedly used for Features: Grade II listed. Built by E.W. Pugin, one of the most sandstone tomb of his descendant Alexander remains near the pulpit. passing the communion bread to lepers outside. celebrated architects of the time. Two windows contain fragments of 13th century glass. 7 12 15 Dendron, St Matthew LA12 0QN Dalton in Furness, St Mary LA15 8AZ Kirkby-in-Furness Methodist Church Open on request Open on request WC (Marshside Chapel) WC LA17 7UT Dalton is the ancient market capital of Located in the tiny farming hamlet John Wesley, the founder of Furness. Its earlier church was built of Dendron, this beautiful little Methodism, is thought to have church also serves the nearby before the establishment of Furness visited the Kirkby hamlets in 1752, villages of Gleaston and Leece.

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