1 YEARS SOCIAL & INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE AGES Ulverston, Church Walk, St Mary with Holy Trinity AD THROUGH THE AGES Open weekday mornings WC LA12 7EN Christianity spreads throughout the Roman Empire and by 400 AD 100 Romans possibly surface-mine the rich local copper A church has served this ancient Romans occupying the south of Cumbria are known to be Christian. and iron ores, but the area is mostly dependent market town since at least 1111. Early Christian evangelist saints like Patrick, Ninian, Kentigern and Ulverston has historic importance 400 upon agriculture being at one end of the treacherous Cuthbert preach across the northern counties sands crossing from Lancaster, which C7 - C10th – A time of unrest with Anglo-Saxons, Viking and Norse 700 was the main land route into Furness invasions. They initially destroy churches and religious communities, A large hoard of Viking coins is buried at Stainton until the turn-pike roads were built in before settling and becoming Christians the late 1700s. Along this coast to quarry near Dalton circa 955AD Greenodd the ports were key exits for 1066 – Norman invasion. Some local churches retain architecture from this period By the end of the 12th century the Normans boats carrying slate, charcoal and iron ore. quarry slate for roofing, and mining increases Features: Grade II* listed. Original church damaged by the toppling 1127 – Furness Abbey, one of the most important abbeys in the north of 1100 of the steeple in a storm; tower rebuilt c1540. Much of the interior is England is founded. It survives a Scottish invasion led by Robert the The monks develop large scale sheep farming and 19th century by the architect Paley. Contains the coat of arms of Bruce the wool trade flourishes. They use Piel Island, Sir John Barrow, formerly Second Secretary to the Admiralty. 1517 – The Protestant Reformation begins in Europe, coming later to 1500 known as Foudray, as a safe harbour where they Sir John’s monument, a replica lighthouse, stands on Hoad Hill behind Britain and leading to build a fortified warehouse. The charcoal and iron the church. 1536-40 – The Dissolution of the Monasteries and desecration of industries grow. Charcoal is used in bloomeries in images of saints and martyrs in churches High Furness to extract iron from iron ore. In 1549 – The Act of Uniformity makes the Book of Common Prayer the 1568 Elizabeth I establishes The Society of Mines 3 only legal form of worship under Edward VI. It is used to unify religious Royal which brings foreign miners into the area worship in England but forces many persecuted Catholics to go into Lindal in Furness, St Peter hiding Open 10am-4pm WC LA12 0LS 1600 Following the Civil War the monarchy is restored. Lindal in Furness was once 1611 – The King James Bible is published and also used to unify worship General Monck a key figure in the restoration of the hub of a series of small in England Charles II is rewarded with the Manor of Plain Furness iron ore mines. As a result of 1642-60 – Civil wars and the Commonwealth period. Britain has no the population explosion that monarch and Oliver Cromwell suspends the Book of Common Prayer Turnpike roads of the 1750s improve movement came with the rapid because of its links with Royalism. Radical Religious groups develop and encourage the first tourists. Ulverston Canal is industrial development of the including the Society of Friends (Quakers) circa 1650 built at the end of the 18th century and the export e

t area, the parish of Lindal- a of local goods and the building of wooden boats g 1662 – The Book of Common Prayer is rewritten. Providing the pattern r o with-Marton was created in

N of future services, it remains unchanged until 1928 1800 increases. The arrival of the railway in 1846 triggers n i

t 1872. The present St r a the explosion of Barrow-in-Furness with iron

M Peter’s, which was 1720-30s – The beginning of the Methodist Movement under Charles : t i

d smelting from the excellent local ore, and iron ship e consecrated in 1886, was and John Wesley r c

o building t built to replace a temporary o 1829 – Catholic Relief Act removes restrictions on Roman Catholics in h P iron church built in 1875. the UK Features: Grade II listed. The church has a reredos carved by Alec Farming continues and numerous businesses Cumbria’s churches continue to serve local communities and welcome Present support the local paper, slate, pharmaceutical and Miller of the Chipping Campden Guild. It also contains a fascinating all visitors photographic archive and pit-head model of local mine works. day defence industries

4 8 13 Great Urswick, St Mary the Virgin and St Michael Rampside, St Michael LA13 0PZ Ireleth with Askam, St Peter LA16 7HB Open on request Open 10am-4pm LA12 0TA Open on request Windswept in its elevated and isolated Known locally as ‘the Iron This is reputedly one of the most Church’, St Peter’s was built ancient churches in Furness. In the mid position, with views across Morecambe Bay, St Michael’s stands, by tradition, on in 1865, partly with the 12th century the monks of Furness profits from the local iron Abbey took charge of the church of the site of an ancient burial mound. The first building was probably a small chapel mines, to support an St Mary’s in the Fields, believed to increasing local population. have already existed for 200-300 years. of ease to serve the local community that lived some distance from the parish This beautifully sited church Features: Grade I listed. Lower part church in Dalton. St Michael’s is known overlooks the Duddon of the tower is probably 12th century both as ‘the farmer’s church’ for its Estuary and the Irish Sea, and may have been a defensive pele service to the local farming community, and ‘the seaman’s church’ which brought some of the tower. The weathered statue in the tower of the grieving Mary with earliest settlers and invaders her son removed from the cross probably came from Furness Abbey. because of the numerous sailors buried here after falling victim to the treacherous waters around. to the area. Homes dating from the Bronze Age onwards can be Three tiered pulpit with beautiful shell-shaped tester. Two fragments of found in the nearby hills. crosses date from the 9th/10th century and show Norse influence. Features: Evidence of earlier use of the site includes a neolithic stone 18th century altar painting of the Last Supper by local man James axe-hammer and a Viking sword, discovered in the 1860s, as well as a Features: Grade II listed. Simple structure with a small bell tower. Cranke. Fine carved woodwork by Alec Miller of the Chipping medieval burial. The present structure is mainly Victorian and contains East window shows St Peter, Christ in Majesty and the Blessed Virgin Campden Guild, 1908-12. Local heritage display in tower. some good contemporary stained glass windows. Mary made by the famous Shrigley and Hunt.

6 10 14 Aldingham, St Cuthbert LA12 9RT Barrow-in-Furness, Duke Street, Kirkby-in-Furness (Beckside) St Cuthbert Open 10am-4pm WC St Mary of Furness RC Open 9am-3pm LA14 1XW Open 9am-4pm WC LA17 7TQ Aldingham church stands St Mary of Furness bears the name of the It is possible that a church open to the wild beauty of Furness Abbey church where the roots of was built on this site as Morecambe Bay, where the sea Roman Catholicism were firmly established in early as 875 AD by the has claimed much of the former the area before the dissolution of the Lindisfarne monks fleeing village. The church tower holds monasteries. But by 1835 it is said that Barrow from the Danes with two ancient bells bought at the had just one Roman Catholic person. Cuthbert’s body. Much of dissolution of both the local However numbers grew as Barrow the church is Norman. Furness Abbey and Conishead transformed from a tiny hamlet to a thriving The entrance doorway is Priory, one bears the inscription iron and shipbuilding port in the mid 19th particularly impressive. ‘SSS’ (sanctus, sanctus, sanctus). century, and as the Irish potato famine of 1846 Features: Grade II* listed. Features: Grade II* listed. drove many people to this developing town in Contains two solid oak chests constructed from trees allegedly grown Largely Norman in origin (1147). search of work. Initially Roman Catholics from the time of Christ. Roger De Kirkby, whose descendants were A fragment of a worn Anglo-Saxon cross and some Viking burials hint walked to Ulverston for Sunday Mass, but in at a more ancient sacred site. Contains a 12th century font bowl and 1867 this proud church was ready for worship. Lords of the Manor, reputedly built the church. Early 13th century 19th century stained glass. There is a ‘leper hole’, reputedly used for Features: Grade II listed. Built by E.W. Pugin, one of the most sandstone tomb of his descendant Alexander remains near the pulpit. passing the communion bread to lepers outside. celebrated architects of the time. Two windows contain fragments of 13th century glass.

7 12 15 Dendron, St Matthew LA12 0QN Dalton in Furness, St Mary LA15 8AZ Kirkby-in-Furness Methodist Church Open on request Open on request WC (Marshside Chapel) WC LA17 7UT Dalton is the ancient market capital of Located in the tiny farming hamlet John Wesley, the founder of Furness. Its earlier church was built of Dendron, this beautiful little Methodism, is thought to have church also serves the nearby before the establishment of Furness visited the Kirkby hamlets in 1752, villages of Gleaston and Leece. Abbey in 1127 and was the mother and certainly passed through in May The original church was built in church to many of the local churches 1759. Wesley encountered difficulty 1642 as a chapel of ease during a and chapels of ease. St Mary’s church both with the tides and with the period that saw the eclipse of the stands next to Dalton Castle and local people whom he reputedly monarchy and the church, and above the old town pound where called ‘a generation of liars’! It is the rise of Oliver Cromwell. stray animals were retained. Although little remains of the earlier possible that immigrants, coming to work here from the Methodist For a long time no priest was buildings, this 1882 church is one of the finest of Paley and Austin’s strongholds of Cornwall and Wales, brought Methodism with them. appointed, but there may have designs, and was funded by James Ramsden, Henry Schneider and Marshside Chapel was founded in 1870 when the area experienced a been itinerant preachers calling. other industrialists making their wealth in nearby Barrow-in-Furness. Certainly George Fox the founder of the Society of Friends (Quakers) massive population increase prompted by the industrial developments preached here in 1652. St Matthew’s was rebuilt in 1795. Features: Grade II* listed. 14th century font bears the shields of in Barrow and the growth of slate quarrying. Special interest: George Romney (1734-1802) attended the little Furness Abbey. Glass in the north porch is reputedly from the 14th Features: Built from slate, still quarried on the hill above the chapel, school opposite. Other sites of interest nearby include an 18th century century. There is a fine ring of ten bells. The churchyard contains the and sandstone from St Bees further up the coast. The inside of the working water mill and the ruins of a medieval castle at Gleaston. grave of the celebrated painter George Romney, born in Dalton. chapel was refurbished following flooding in 2009.

. m o r f e m a c y e h t r e v e r e h w s r e l t t e s s t i f o s d e e n l a u t i r i p s

D N A L S I L E I P – R E V O C T N O R F e h t e v r e s o t d e d n u o f e r e w p i h s r o w f o s e c a l p r e h t o

L

e

d n a y r e t s a n o m c i r o t s i h e h T . y t i n a i t s i r h C c i t l e C f o e l d a r c a

f

l . s e g a e l d d i m e h e t

t

d

a e c n o , a i r b m u C h t u o S f o r e n r o c g n i t a n i c s a f s i h t t i s i V e f o s e s a b r e w o p t a e r g e h s t i g

n

& f o e n o s a s u t a t s s ’ y e b b

p a

r y b d e t r o p p u

i S

n . y r u t n e c h t 0 2 e h t f o g n i d l i u b p i h s e h t l i t n u e h t e n i l r e d n u s d n i t f :

B

A

Y e r a r e s e h T . g n i r e n o t s m e g 6 9 r e g n a r d n a L S O : p a m d e d n e m m o c e R – a e s d n a d n a l s s o r c a s e t u o r g n i d a r t t n e i c n a e h t d e s u T

Y

P

e v i s s e r p m i n a d n a ) f f a t s

E (

o f n i . t c e r i d t r o p s n a r t . w w w r o 3 3 2 2 0 0 2 1 7 8 0 e n i l e v a r T

y e h t w o h d n a , e t a l s d n a e r o n o r i , l o o w , s p o r c h t i w d n a l (

0

1

r e i z o r c t l i g - r e v l i s a h t i 5 w

2

e h t m o r f g n i v i l a e d a m s r o s s e c e d e r p r u o w o h r e v o c s i D m o c . a i r b m u c t i s i v . w w w k u . o c . s e k a l o g . w w

4 w r

) o d e i r u b , t o b b a l a v e i d e 8 m

5

0

0 s u o r e p s o r p a f o e v a r g e h t

m p 4 - m a 0 1 t a S - n o M 0 2 1 7 8 5 0 2 2 1 0 . l e 5 T

6

. e l p o e p s t i f o y t i l a u t i r i p s g n o r t s e h t d n a

d e r e v o c n u 2 1 0 2 n i s k r o w Z L 7 2 1 A L n o t s r e v l U , e r a u q S y t n u o C

a e s e h t f o l a i t n e t o p e h t , d n a l e h t f o s e h c i r e h t n e e w t e b r i a p e R . d n a l g n E n i y e b b a n a i c r e t s i C t s e h c i r d n o c e s e h t s a w s s e n r u F , l l a H n o i t a n o r o C , e r t n e C n o i t a m r o f n I t s i r u o T n o t s r e v l U

e m i t s i h t t A . 7 3 5 1 n i n o i t u l o s s i d s ’ I I I V y r n e H l i t n u d e v i v r u s d n a p i h s n o i t a l e r g n i t a n i c s a f d n a c i m a n y d a y b d e g r o f t c a t n o c , p i r t r u o y n a l p u o y p l e h o t d n a a e r a

: n o i t a m r o f n I t s i r u o T

n o i t c e t o r p f l e s t i t h g u o b y e b b a e h t t u b s t o c S f o s e i t r a p y b d e d i a r s a w e h t t u o b a n o i t a m r o f n i d e l i a t e d e r o m r o F s a w s s e n r u F w o L f o e p a c s d n a l g n i t a l u d n u y l t n e g e h T

a e r a e h t 2 2 3 1 n I . s s e n r u F w o L n i r e n w o d n a l n i a m e h t e m a c e b y e b b a

e h t t a h t t n a e m ) d n a l g n E f o g n i K r e t a l ( n e h p e t S y b t n e m w o d n e d n a l A e t u o r s u b r a e n r o n o s i h c r u h C h c r u h c r a e n r o n i t e l i o t c i l b u P C W

k u . g r o . c f t c . w w w

f o e g a p y r o t c e r i d . d n a l e r I d n a n a M f o e l s I e h t h t i w

h c r u h c e h t m o r f d n u o f e b n a c h c r u h c h c a e o t s k n i L ) t l a m d n a n r o c , t l a s , n o r i , l o o w y l n i a m ( s t c u d o r p r i e h t d e d a r t s k n o m

e h T . n o r i g n i t l e m s r o f l a o c r a h c d e c u d o r p d n a n o t l a D f o h t r o n a e r a . h c r u h c e h t t a d n u o f e b n a c s r e b m u n e n o h p e l e t

, t s e u q e r n o e l b a l i a v a e r a s e h c r u h c e r e h W . e s i w r e h t o d e i f i c e p s s s e l n u r a e y e g r a l a r e v o s t h g i r l a r e n i m d a h o s l a y e h T . e g n a r g a m o r f d e g a n a m

: n o i t a m r o f n I h c r u h C

e h t t u o h g u o r h t y l i a d n e p o e r a s e h c r u h c l l A h c a e ; d n a l f o s k c o l b o t n i d e d i v i d s a w e t a t s e r i e h T . n i a r g e h t g n i l l i m r o f

s l l i m r e t a w d a h d n a d n a l s I y e n l a W n o n r o c w e r g s k n o m e h T . d n a l s I

l e i P y b r a e n n o l o o w r o f e s u o h e r a w d e i f i t r o f e g r a l a g n i d n u o f , y r t s u d n i

l o o w e h t d e p o l e v e d d n a s r e m r a f p e e h s t a e r g e r e w s n a i c r e t s i C e h T

. t i d n u o r a e p a c s d n a l e h t

d e p a h s d n a e l p o e p l a c o l

f o s e v i l e h t n o t c a p m i

e g u h a d a h y r e t s a n o m

s i h t d n a r e d r O

n a i c r e t s i C e h t h t i w

d e g r e m n o o s s k n o m

y n g i v a S e h T . y e l l a v

d e d u l c e s a n i d e i f i n g i d

d n a t e i u q d n a t s , e c n a r F

, y n g i v a S f o r e d r O e h t

f o s k n o m e h t y b 7 2 1 1 n i

d e d n u o f , y e b b A s s e n r u F

f o s n i a m e r d e t s i l I e d a r g

a l u s n i n e P s s e n Fur e h t , l i a r t s i h t n o s e t i s

e h t f o c i n o c i t s o m e h T

y r t n e r o f e g r a h c , e t i s e g a t i r e H h s i l g n E . t p e S - l i r p A m p 5 - 0 1 i r F & s r u h T C W

e h t f o

, n o M s u l p ) m p 4 - m a 0 1 r e t n i w , m p 5 - m a 0 1 r e m m u s ( r a e y l l a s d n e k e e W n e p O

y e b b A s s e n r u F Y P 0 3 1 A L

, d a o R r o n a M , s s e n r u F - n i - w o r r a B

t i r i p S & a e S , d n a L

1 1

G

3 9 0 5 15 2 A Kirkby-in Swarthmoor Hall LA12 0JQ -Furness 14 Open April - October Sunday - Thursday 1.30 to 4.30pm only

Swarthmoor Hall, 0 9 an important site 5 A

for The Society of 5

9

Friends (Quakers), 5

A 1 was first built in the Millom 17th century as the Ulverston home of the Fell Grange-over- family. Judge Askam 2 Sands Thomas Fell, a 13 Parliamentarian, held a number of 3 important legal positions during the Chapel Civil War 1642-51. In 1652, during one of the Judge’s absences, 4 Island George Fox, the founder of The Society of Friends, came to Ulverston Great 5 and convinced the Judge’s wife, Margaret to join. The family soon Urswick Bardsea 12 converted too and meetings were held here for 38 years. George Fox’s activities were based here, but this resulted in persecution by the Dalton 6 locals. After her husband’s death, Margaret was imprisoned for a time 0 9 in Lancaster Castle. She later married George Fox, and became 5 A 7 MORECAMBE 8 known as the mother of Quakerism. The Society of Friends expanded 0 5 locally and many of its members became important leaders of A BAY industries. Gleaston Walney 11 9 Special interest: Grade II* listed and contains early period furniture. 7 The hall offers holiday accommodation. Island Dendron Barrow Island, Island Road, 10 Roose St John the Evangelist LA14 2QN Barrow- Open : term time weekdays 12 to 2pm WC One of the most modern 5 in-Furness churches in the peninsula, St John’s (built 1935 by Bardsea, Holy Trinity Church LA12 9QU 9 Paget & Seeley of London) is one of three churches

m Traditional Anglican church o c . 8 built to celebrate the 800th d designed by George n a

l anniversary of the founding e

k Webster of Kendal, 1843. a l

. of the Diocese of Carlisle in 1133. It replaced the temporary w Beautifully located w church of 1878 which catered for the needs of the shipyard w ,

s overlooking Morecambe

d workers until 1933. Byzantine in design and constructed of r a

h Bay; the spire forms a c ferro-concrete, this attractive church is in-keeping with the Art i R

y prominent landmark. Deco style of the period. During World War II firewatchers n o T

: Piel regularly kept watch for the bitumen-covered roof during

o IRISH t Features: Grade II listed. o

h Island bombing raids. The church did have one near miss and you can P Apse windows designed by still see a crack in the cloister from that incident. Irish stained glass artist Wilhelmina Geddes include the unusual SEA Key Features: Grade II listed. The stained glass and furnishings are depiction of Christ stepping out of the tomb. Also contains windows Cumbrian Coastal Way mostly from the earlier church. One of the previous curates, by Shrigley & Hunt. Other sites of interest nearby include a Quaker Cistercian Way Railway the Rev. Chad Varah, left Barrow Island for London and started burial ground and stone circle on Birkrigg Common. the Samaritans organisation.