Applicability of Tio2 Penetration Method to Reduce Particulate Matter Precursor for Hardened Concrete Road Structures
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The Role of Titanium Dioxide on the Hydration of Portland Cement: a Combined NMR and Ultrasonic Study
molecules Article The Role of Titanium Dioxide on the Hydration of Portland Cement: A Combined NMR and Ultrasonic Study George Diamantopoulos 1,2 , Marios Katsiotis 2, Michael Fardis 2, Ioannis Karatasios 2 , Saeed Alhassan 3, Marina Karagianni 2 , George Papavassiliou 2 and Jamal Hassan 1,* 1 Department of Physics, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE; [email protected] 2 Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Attikis, Greece; [email protected] (M.K.); [email protected] (M.F.); [email protected] (I.K.); [email protected] (M.K.); [email protected] (G.P.) 3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Academic Editor: Igor Serša Received: 30 September 2020; Accepted: 9 November 2020; Published: 17 November 2020 Abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an excellent photocatalytic material that imparts biocidal, self-cleaning and smog-abating functionalities when added to cement-based materials. The presence of TiO2 influences the hydration process of cement and the development of its internal structure. In this article, the hydration process and development of a pore network of cement pastes containing different ratios of TiO2 were studied using two noninvasive techniques (ultrasonic and NMR). Ultrasonic results show that the addition of TiO2 enhances the mechanical properties of cement paste during early-age hydration, while an opposite behavior is observed at later hydration stages. Calorimetry and NMR spin–lattice relaxation time T1 results indicated an enhancement of the early hydration reaction. -
Nanosized Particles of Titanium Dioxide Specifically Increase the Efficency of Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction
Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures Vol. 8, No. 4, October - December 2013, p. 1435 - 1445 NANOSIZED PARTICLES OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE SPECIFICALLY INCREASE THE EFFICENCY OF CONVENTIONAL POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION GOVINDA LENKA, WEN-HUI WENG* Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan, R. O. C. In recent years, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) for improving the specificity and efficiency of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and exploring the PCR enhancing mechanism has come under intense scrutiny. In this study, the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs in improving the efficiency of different PCR assays was evaluated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results revealed the average diameter of TiO2 particles to be about 7 nm. Aqueous suspension of TiO2 NPs was included in PCR, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) assays. For conventional PCR, the results showed that in the presence of 0.2 nM of TiO2 a significant amount of target DNA (P<0.05) could be obtained even with the less initial template concentration. Relative to the larger TiO2 particles (25 nm) used in a previous study, the smaller TiO2 particles (7 nm) used in our study increased the yield of PCR by three or more fold. Sequencing results revealed that TiO2 assisted PCR had similar fidelity to that of a conventional PCR system. Contrary to expectation, TiO2 NPs were unable to enhance the efficiency of RT- PCR and qPCR. Therefore, TiO2 NPs may be used as efficient additives to improve the conventional PCR system. -
Properties of Thermally Evaporated Titanium Dioxide As an Electron-Selective Contact for Silicon Solar Cells
energies Article Properties of Thermally eVaporated Titanium Dioxide as an Electron-Selective Contact for Silicon Solar Cells Changhyun Lee 1, Soohyun Bae 1, HyunJung Park 1, Dongjin Choi 1, Hoyoung Song 1, Hyunju Lee 2, Yoshio Ohshita 2, Donghwan Kim 1,3, Yoonmook Kang 3,* and Hae-Seok Lee 3,* 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea; [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (H.P.); [email protected] (D.C.); [email protected] (H.S.); [email protected] (D.K.) 2 Semiconductor Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan; [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (Y.O.) 3 KU-KIST Green School, Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] (Y.K.); [email protected] (H.-S.L.) Received: 6 January 2020; Accepted: 23 January 2020; Published: 5 February 2020 Abstract: Recently, titanium oxide has been widely investigated as a carrier-selective contact material for silicon solar cells. Herein, titanium oxide films were fabricated via simple deposition methods involving thermal eVaporation and oxidation. This study focuses on characterizing an electron-selective passivated contact layer with this oxidized method. Subsequently, the SiO2/TiO2 stack was examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The phase and chemical composition of the titanium oxide films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. -
TITANIUM DIOXIDE Chemical and Technical Assessment First Draft
TITANIUM DIOXIDE Chemical and Technical Assessment First draft prepared by Paul M. Kuznesof, Ph.D. Reviewed by M.V. Rao, Ph.D. 1. Summary Titanium dioxide (INS no. 171; CAS no. 13463-67-7) is produced either in the anatase or rutile crystal form. Most titanium dioxide in the anatase form is produced as a white powder, whereas various rutile grades are often off-white and can even exhibit a slight colour, depending on the physical form, which affects light reflectance. Titanium dioxide may be coated with small amounts of alumina and silica to improve technological properties. Commercial titanium dioxide pigment is produced by either the sulfate process or the chloride process. The principal raw materials for manufacturing titanium dioxide include ilmenite (FeO/TiO2), naturally occurring rutile, or titanium slag. Both anatase and rutile forms of titanium dioxide can be produced by the sulfate process, whereas the chloride process yields the rutile form. Titanium dioxide can be prepared at a high level of purity. Specifications for food use currently contain a minimum purity assay of 99.0%. Titanium dioxide is the most widely used white pigment in products such as paints, coatings, plastics, paper, inks, fibres, and food and cosmetics because of its brightness and high refractive index (> 2.4), which determines the degree of opacity that a material confers to the host matrix. When combined with other colours, soft pastel shades can be achieved. The high refractive index, surpassed by few other materials, allows titanium dioxide to be used at relatively low levels to achieve its technical effect. The food applications of titanium dioxide are broad. -
Structural Aspects of Anatase to Rutile Phase Transition in Titanium Dioxide Powders Elucidated by The
Chapter 3 Structural Aspects of Anatase to Rutile Phase Transition in Titanium Dioxide Powders Elucidated by the Rietveld Method Alberto Adriano Cavalheiro, Lincoln Carlos Silva de Oliveira and Silvanice Aparecida Lopes dos Santos Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68601 Abstract Titanium dioxide has attracted much attention since a long time ago due to its versatility as advanced material. However, its performance as semiconductor devices is very much dependent on the predominant crystalline phase and defect concentrations, which can be adjusted through the synthesis methods, thermal treatments and doping processes. In this work, an accurate structural characterization of titanium dioxide was used by X-ray diffractometry supported by rietveld refinement and thermal analysis. The insertion of 5 mol% of zirconium silicate was able to stabilize anatase up to 900C, permitting the oxygen vacancies to be significantly eliminated. It was demonstrated also that the changes in the isotropic thermal parameters for oxygen are related to reconstructive transformation necessary to promote the anatase-to-rutile phase transition. Independently of doping process, the crystallization process of anatase phase as a function of temperature increas- ing occurs exclusively due the reduction of lattice microstrain up to 600C. However, above 650C, that crystallization process becomes dependent of the increasing in crystallite size. The anatase crystallite growth event was only possible when the titanium dioxide was doped with zirconium silicate. Otherwise, the rutile phase amount starts to rise continually. Thus, there are optimistic expectations for that new composition to be a new semiconductor matrix for additional doping processes. -
Recent Advances in Tio2-Based Photocatalysts for Reduction of CO2 to Fuels
nanomaterials Review Recent Advances in TiO2-Based Photocatalysts for Reduction of CO2 to Fuels 1,2, 3, 4 5 Thang Phan Nguyen y, Dang Le Tri Nguyen y , Van-Huy Nguyen , Thu-Ha Le , Dai-Viet N. Vo 6 , Quang Thang Trinh 7 , Sa-Rang Bae 8, Sang Youn Chae 9,* , Soo Young Kim 8,* and Quyet Van Le 3,* 1 Laboratory of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; [email protected] 2 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam 3 Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; [email protected] 4 Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications, Lac Hong University, Bien Hoa 810000, Vietnam; [email protected] 5 Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University–Ho Chi Minh City (VNU–HCM), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; [email protected] 6 Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Vietnam; [email protected] 7 Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore (CARES), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore; [email protected] 8 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea; [email protected] 9 Department of Materials Science, Institute for Surface Science and Corrosion, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.Y.C.); [email protected] (S.Y.K.); [email protected] (Q.V.L.); Tel.: +42-01520-2145321 (S.Y.C.); +82-109-3650-910 (S.Y.K.); +84-344-176-848 (Q.V.L.) These authors contributed equally to this work. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Electrochemical Performance of Titanium Disulfide and Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoplatelets Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/73h6h1z6 Author Siordia, Andrew F. Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Electrochemical Performance of Titanium Disulfide and Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoplatelets A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements of the degree Master of Science in Materials Science and Engineering by Andrew Francisco Siordia 2016 ABSTRACT OF THESIS Electrochemical Performance of Titanium Disulfide and Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoplatelets by Andrew Francisco Siordia Master of Science in Materials Science and Engineering University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Bruce S. Dunn, Chair Single layer crystalline materials, often termed two-dimension (2D) materials, have quickly become a popular topic of research interest due to their extraordinary properties. The intrinsic electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of graphene were found to be remarkably distinct from graphite, its bulk counterpart. In conjunction with newfound processing techniques, there is renewed interest in elucidating the structure-property relationships of other 2D materials ii like the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). The energy storage capability of 2D nanoplatelets of TiS2 and MoS2 are studied here providing a contrast with investigations of corresponding bulk materials in the early 1970s. TiS2 was synthesized into nanoplatelets using a hot injection route which provided a capacity of ~143mAhg-1 from thin film electrodes as determined by cyclic voltammetry measurements. Phase identification using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy to complement the electrochemical performance and impurity identification is presented. -
The Influence of Surface Alumina and Silica on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants
Catalysts 2013, 3, 338-362; doi:10.3390/catal3010338 OPEN ACCESS catalysts ISSN 2073-4344 www.mdpi.com/journal/catalysts Review The Influence of Surface Alumina and Silica on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants Terry A. Egerton School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Merz Court, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-191-645732 Received: 23 November 2012; in revised form: 21 January 2013 / Accepted: 7 February 2013 / Published: 21 March 2013 Abstract: Practical photocatalysis for degradation of organic pollutants must take into account the influence of other chemicals. Significant Al deposition on titania can occur at naturally occurring concentrations of dissolved Al. This paper reviews the author’s work on the influence of deliberately deposited hydrous oxides of aluminium on the behavior of 2 −1 a ~130 m g rutile TiO2, and then compares the behavior of deposited alumina with that of deposited silica. On rutile some adsorbed nitrogen is infrared-active. Alumina and silica deposited on the rutile reduce, and ultimately eliminate, this infrared-active species. They also reduce photocatalytic oxidation of both propan-2-ol and dichloroacetate ion and the photocatalytic reduction of diphenyl picryl hydrazine. The surface oxides suppress charge transfer and may also reduce reactant adsorption. Quantitative measurement of TiO2 photogreying shows that the adsorbed inorganics also reduce photogreying, attributed to the capture of photogenerated conduction band electrons by Ti4+ to form Ti3+. The influence of adsorbed phosphate on photocatalysis is briefly considered, since phosphate reduces photocatalytic disinfection. In the context of classical colloid studies, it is concluded that inorganic species in water can significantly reduce photoactivity from the levels that measured in pure water. -
Physical Properties of Tio2 Prepared by Sol-Gel Under Different Ph Conditions for Photocatalysis
Superficies y Vacío 18(1), 46-49, marzo de 2005 ©Sociedad Mexicana de Ciencia y Tecnología de Superficies y Materiales Physical properties of TiO2 prepared by sol-gel under different pH conditions for photocatalysis M. A. Santana-Aranda*, M. Morán-Pineda, J. Hernández, S. Castillo Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Ingeniería Molecular-FQG Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas #152 México, D.F. 07730 México R. Gomez Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Depto. Química Av. Atlixco #186, México, D.F. 09340 México (Recibido: 18 de diciembre de 2004; Aceptado: 26 de febrero de 2005) We present the characterization of the physical properties of titanium dioxide powders prepared by the Sol-Gel method. We set the gelling pH to values of 3 (TiO2-A), 7 (TiO2-N) and 9 (TiO2-B) to observe its effect on the properties of the material. In the three cases we obtained nanoparticulated materials with particle sizes between 10 nm and 20 nm. The larger surface areas were obtained at pH 3, which is several times larger than the other synthesized materials. Furthermore, with the gelling condition pH 3, it was possible to synthesize pure anatase phase titania. We present some preliminary results on the test of photocatalytic activity of the synthesized materials in the reduction of nitric oxide. Keywords: TiO2 ; Titanium dioxide; Titania, Sol-gel; Nanoparticles; Photocatalysis Presentamos la caracterización de las propiedades físicas de polvos de dióxido de titanio preparados por el método de Sol- Gel. Fijamos el pH de gelación en los valores de 3 (TiO2-A), 7 (TiO2-N) y 9 (TiO2-B) para observar su efecto sobre las propiedades del material. -
Titanium Dioxide As Photocatalyses to Create Self Cleaning Concrete and Improve Indoor Air Quality
International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 6(29), pp. 6767-6774, 16 November, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/IJPS DOI: 10.5897/IJPS11.254 ISSN 1992 - 1950 ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Titanium dioxide as photocatalyses to create self cleaning concrete and improve indoor air quality Arafa Awadalla, Muhammad Fauzi Mohd Zain, Abdul Amir H. Kadhum and Zeinab Abdalla Department of Architecture Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built of Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia. Accepted 12 October, 2011 Air inside buildings can be more polluted than outdoor because there are various sources of pollution in some big cities. This paper presents the results of a study on the efficiency of contributing air cleaning agents such as Titanium dioxide (TiO2) into the technique of producing concrete composite panels, using local waste materials for solving the problem of carbon dioxide (CO2) in indoor air buildings. Factors which would have an effect on the performance of the panel were studied, including the porosity of panel, different types of waste materials and types percentage of TiO2 used within the mix design. The degradation process under laboratory conditions was studied using chemiluminescence analysis method for measuring the performance of photocatalytic active concrete products. The results show that the photo degradation of CO2 is related to the porosity of the sample; when the porosity of sample was increased, the CO2 had removal ability. Key words: Concrete composite panel, indoor air quality, titanium dioxide, photocatalyses, degradation, carbon dioxide. INTRODUCTION Indoor air quality has received immense attention in the the top environmental risk. -
OXIDES by ELECTRO-DEOXIDATION Imilllll Dere.J.Fray MK0400020 Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3QZ Djf25@Hermes
REDUCTION OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE AND OTHER METAL OXIDES B Y •.. REDUCTION OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE AND OTHER METAL OXIDES BY ELECTRO-DEOXIDATION imilllll Dere.J.Fray MK0400020 Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3QZ djf25@hermes. cam.ac. uk Abstract: Titanium dioxide and other reactive metal compounds are reduced by more reactive metals to form pure metals. These are expensive and time consuming processes which makes these metals very expensive. Many of these metals and alloys have excellent properties, high strength, low density and very good corrosion resistance, but their use is restricted by its high cost. Electro-deoxidation is a very simple technique where an oxide is made cathodic in a fused salt of an alkaline earth chloride. By applying a voltage, below the decomposition potential of the salt, it has been found that the cathodic reaction is the ionization of oxygen from the oxide to leave a pure metal, rather than the reduction of the ion alkaline earth ion element. Laboratory experiments have shown that this approach can be applied to the reduction of a large number of metal oxides. Another important observation is that when a mixture of oxides is used as the cathode, the product is an alloy of uniform composition. This is a considerable advantage for many alloys that are difficult to prepare using conventional technology. INTRODUCTION Metals that are prepared by the reduction of a metal compound by a more reactive metal include, the reduction of titanium and zirconium chlorides by magnesium, the reduction of niobium pentoxide by aluminium and the reduction of potassium tantalum fluoride by sodium. -
Improving Urban Air and Stormwater Quality Using
IMPROVING URBAN AIR AND STORMWATER QUALITY USING PHOTOCATALYTIC HIGHWAY PAVEMENT AND PHOTOCATALYTIC PERVIOUS CONCRETE SHOULDERS A THESIS IN Civil Engineering Presented to the Faculty of the University of Missouri-Kansas City in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE by FERAS EL-GHUSSEIN B.S., University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2010 Kansas City, Missouri 2013 IMPROVING URBAN AIR AND STORMWATER QUALITY USING PHOTOCATALYTIC HIGHWAY PAVEMENT AND PHOTOCATALYTIC PERVIOUS CONCRETE SHOULDERS Feras El-Ghussein, Candidate for the Master of Science Degree University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2013 ABSTRACT Pervious concrete, photocatalytic concrete, and photocatalytic pervious concrete are emerging technologies in the pavement industry, and have been researched in order to determine the efficacy of these technologies in environmental sustainability on a wide scale. In this thesis, the effects of photocatalytically active cement on a highway were studied, along with the affects of photocatalytic pervious and conventional pervious concrete shoulders. A laboratory experimental setup was conducted simultaneously as a comparison between theoretical and practical implementations of this technology. The results of the laboratory test indicated that there was not a significant increase in nitrate, but the nitrite levels increased significantly. This could be indicative of the rolls humidity and total sunlight play in the reactivity of the photocatalytic concrete, but needs further assessment for conformation. It may also suggest the role of retention time of the water within the pervious iii concrete as well. The field results indicate that nitrate levels were present early on in the construction phase of the project, even prior to opening the highway to the public and to large traffic volumes.