Ammonia emission abatement in

The case of -

1 June 2017 – WGSR 55, special session on agriculture and air pollution Towards Cleaner Air Scientific Assessment Report 2016 Agriculture in Flanders Land use in Flanders, 2014 numbers, 2015 (source: VRIND 2016) (source: VRIND 2016) 1,321,005 10% 5,981,191 1% 4% agriculture Cattle (dairy and other open space meat) 12% 45% living area Pigs

industry 32,128,295 Poultry public facilities other land use 28% Final production value , 2015 (M Euro)

591 livestock farming horticulture

arable 1,587 3,250

FLEMISH LAND AGENCY 6/06/2017 │3 Agriculture in Flanders Specialisation of farming in Flanders (number of farms)

mixed farming mixed cattle 11% 6% horticulture other grazing (sheep, meat cattle 13% goat,…) 13% 5%

livestock pigs 53% 9%

dairy cattle 12% poultry 3% arable crops mixed livestock 23% 5%

FLEMISH LAND AGENCY 6/06/2017 │4 Evolution of ammonia emissions in Flanders 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30

Emission level (kton NH3) 20 10 0 1990 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Agriculture Houses (warming and septic tanks) Industry Road transport

FLEMISH LAND AGENCY 6/06/2017 │5 other poultry cattle pigs total

External storage External storage Grazing Grazing Land application Land application

Stable/internal storage Stable/internal storage

FLEMISH LAND AGENCY 6/06/2017 │6 2 main contributors:

•Land application of manure and fertilisers •Animal housing

FLEMISH LAND AGENCY 6/06/2017 │7 Land application of manure

FLEMISH LAND6/06/2017 AGENCY│8 Broadcast spreading + no incorporation 1991 Nitrates Directive + Manure Decree • Maximum nitrogen application rates • Closed period • Manure incorporation within 24 hours Since 2000 • Incorporation within 4 hours on bare arable land • Injection / traling shoes or hoses on grasland and cropped arable land Since 2007 • Incorporation within 2 hours or injection on arable land • Grassland: Sod-injection – trailing shoes – trailing hoses

+ decreasing inputs of N (link with Nitrates Directive: animal numbers, feed management, balanced fertilisation, manure processing)

FLEMISH LAND AGENCY 6/06/2017 │9 Ammonia emission associated with land spreading of manure

51,540 (ton NH3) (ton emission

19,651 13,662 Ammonia 9,520

1990 2000 2010 2013 year

FLEMISH LAND AGENCY 6/06/2017 │10 FLEMISH LAND AGENCY 6/06/2017 │11 FLEMISH LAND AGENCY 6/06/2017 │12 FLEMISH LAND AGENCY 6/06/2017 │13 Low emission housing

FLEMISH 6/06/2017LAND AGENCY│14 2004: Low emission housing mandatory for new stables (and thorough renovation) • Pigs and poultry • 50% emission reduction compared to traditional housing • Slow process • New techniques: approval procedure  ministerial decree

FLEMISH LAND AGENCY 6/06/2017 │15 Two ways of implementing:

• Low emission by technical interventions in building stables • Air scrubber • Chemical (sulphuric acid) • Biological

FLEMISH LAND AGENCY 6/06/2017 │16 Ammonia emission associated with housing and internal storage of manure

28,176 27,089

23,758 23,003 (ton NH3) (ton emission Ammonia

1990 2000 2010 2013 year

FLEMISH LAND AGENCY 6/06/2017 │17 1990

2013

FLEMISH LAND AGENCY 6/06/2017 │18 More information

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FLEMISH LAND AGENCY 6/06/2017 │19