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If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. OUT OF THE CLOSET o STUDY OF RELATIONS BETWEEN THE HOMOSEXUAL COMMUNITY AND THE POLICE ,-.. BY ARNOLD BRUNER Report to Mayor Arthur Eggletcn And The Council of the City of Toronto ,.: -,' P4 .% ." • - '- --..... Study of Relations Between the Homosex~al Community and t.he Pol ice i- t ~. September 24, 1981 His Worship Mayor Arthur Eggleton and Members of Council City of Toronto. Your Worship: On July 13, 1981, City Council engaged me to conduct a study into disagreements and difficulties between the Metropolitan Toronto Police and the homo­ sexual community and to recommend ways to bring about impToved relations. I am honoured to submit the attached report on my study, which,contains my recommendations. ~ a=;?Z~~ AB:HF Arnold Bruner U.S. Department of Justice , National Institute of Justice Attach. This document has been reproduced exactly ,as recei~ed from the person or organization originating it. Points of vIew or opmlons stated in this document are those of the authors and do, not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the Nallonal Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this copyrighted material has been granted by Corp. City of Toronto City Hall to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCjRS system requires permis­ sion of the copyright own~r. .Arnolq Bruner, F()urth Floor, West' Tower, City Hall, Toronto, Ontario tv\5H 2N2 Telephone: 367-7977 --....... -:.....---~""""";'-="==..."',.,:-~~..:;:--;;;;..,~~~7':;;;:rT::::::,:,;. ;~;Z"2~;::~:':72s;;-;;:;;r-"::;!:-",,,,""''''· >". c TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. Backgound 1 6. Relations between the Police and the Gay Community 116 (a) Introduction 1 (aJ Legacy of the Bathhouse Raids 116 (b) Note on Terms 4 (b) Charges of Harassment 122 (c) Need for ,a Sixty-day Study 6 (i) Complaints'Against Police 123 (d) The Staff 6 (ii) Complaints Against the (e) The Method 7 Gay Community 136 ,." ~~'~~i ". .'. (f) Investigation . io 7. Gay/Police Relations: Vancouver 140 .. ~tito\ d!'~ ~;~t &1 J~.t ;. *'.~. -li.q l\ • (g) Difficulties {;:"' '12 ~ (a) Official Attitude Toward Gay Community 140 (h) Content and Aims 16 (b) Vancouver's Gay/Police Dialogue 141 ? • The Law 18 8. Gay/Police Relations: San Francisco Ca) Buggery 19 147 (b) Assault with Intent to Commit (a) The City Administration 148 Buggery 20 (b) The Police Commission 149 (c) Gross Indecency 22 (c) The Police (d) Bawdy-Houses 26 (i) Police Liaison 151 :). The Gay Community 32 (ii) Police Training 152 , (a) There is a Gay Community 32 (iii) Recruitment 155 (b) Organization 34 Conclusion and Reco.mmendations 157 (c) Why Some People Are Gay 39 A. Communications 159 (d) How Large is The Gay Community? 49 B, Law Enforcement 163 (e) Sex 52 C, Training, Education & Recruitment 165 (i) The Downtown Scene 52 D. Opening Channels 170 I ~ (ii) Washroom Sex 53 E, Human Rights 172 f:' I } It (iii) Park Sex 55 F. ,Social Services 173 Ii( I, (iv) Bathhouses 56 G, Joint Community Program 174 b "...{: f ' (v) A Word About Sadomasochism 60 10. Summary of Recommendations 176 1;~~ ,1 ~\ }:~ Appendix ,.'! ,1 "1 TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd) TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd) (f) Women in Gay Society 61 (g) "Coming Out" 64 (h) Gay Youth 6. Relations between the Police and the Gay Community 116 (i) In The Family 67 (a) Legacy of the Bathhouse Raids 116 (ii) On The Street 70 (b) Charges of Harassment 122 The Police 4. (i) Complaints Against Police 123 (a) Organization 74 (ii) Complaints Against the Gay Community 136 rftt~"',!;~·:, ... - (i) Police Strength 74 ....... ;.(' t •.••_;;."t. ........ :.~ ... ~~.~ "' .. :$)': ~ 0" Gay/Police Relations: Vancouver J ~fC:o IRS (iil Police Commission 75 7. 140 77 (a) Official Attitude Toward f (iii~ Police Management Gay Community 140 MAR ~!) 1983 '. (1V:) Police Organizational Chart 77 (b) Vancouver's Gay/Police Dialogue 141 J;\ <eQ ~lH{S tJ"PtrO flI.rj f!!9 Ir.III11 !"'IIg (v) Intelligence 79 8. Gay/Police Relations: (vi) Relative Strength of Intelligence San Francisco 147 and Morality 81 (a) The City Administration 148 (vii) Community Relations 82 (b) The Police Commission 149 (viii) Police Association 83 (c) The Police (ix) Exclusion of the Gay Community 83 (i) Police Liaison 151 (b) Make-up of the Police 85 (ii) Police Training; 152 (i) Education 86 (iii) Recruitment 155 (c) Training 89 Conclusion and Recommendations 157 (i) Attitude of Police Toward Themselves and Homosexuals 91 .. A. Communications 159 ,~t • • (ii) Police Asso~latlon 95 B, Law Eri£o.rcement 163 (iii) Senior Police 97 C, Training, Education & Recruitment 165 (iv) Police Attitudes Observed D. Opening Channels 170 by Gay Police 102 E. Human Rights 172 5. The Ontario Human Rights Code 109 ·F. Social Services 173 G, Jo~nt Community Program 174 10. Summary of Recommendations 176 Appendix -......-._-- .'-"._,... ~~ __"'" ___ ~ ~~~,=~~~~~;;"'1.~i'......:-..,.-~~-~"M;-'~'r v "::r --- ~~. ------- -~ ---,-- I 1. BACKGROUND I (a) Introduction This is not an inquiry into the police raids of February 5, 1981 on four bathhouses patronized mainly by' homosexual men, but it would be sticking one's head in the sand to igno~~ that this study is a direct result of events' precipitated by those raids. Approximately 200 Metropolitan Toronto police in plainclothes and uniform took part in the simultaneous raids following an undercover investigation of 'six months. As a result, 286 men were charged under the Criminal Code of Canada with being found, without lawful excuse, in a common bawdy-house. Two-and-a-half months later, on April 22, six men, including two residents of the United States, were charged as a result of the bathhouse investigation with conspiracy to possess proceeds obtained from the commisston of indictable offences, and conspiracy to keep a common bawdy- house, publish, distribute or circulate obscene matter and selling obscene matter. As a result of what was described a "related arrest", on April 14, another man was charged with '., keeping a common bawdy-house,' which was his apartment, -along with several other charges involving a weapon, marijuana, ;:4 -2- \ f\ -3- 1\t·· prohibited sex acts and obscene matter. The later charges '- fl Raids on Gay Steambaths, which concluded that under the followed examination of records seized by police on February t 1 "extraordinary circumstances" , as presented in the report, 5 in a raid on the offices of two of the bathhouses. t~~ \ "it is vital that the charges, ~ ~, counter-charges and the back- The bathhou~e raids were followed the next day by ~ t < .~ " ground behind these raids and subsequent events be examined :-,~'" ~ ~ what appeared to be a spontaneous demonstration by homosexual .. r~~ ~r by an impartial inquiry." ; men and women and non-homosexual supporters in protest against '\): J City Council adopted the following motion: the police action. The protesters accused the police of \:1 , It w~uld also be most appropriate and timely for the ' . ~ IJi harassment and unwarranted use of force, while the police held " Inqulry to com~ent on relations between the Police and 1) I t~ehGay Co~munlty and"t~ recom~end how these relations that they had acted properly in the performance of their lawful J' mlg ~ ?e glven to reVlslng Pollce policies to make an exp~lclt statement regarding no discrimination on the duties. basls of s~xual orientation as well as the establishment ofdan ongolng and ~ermanent liaison between the Police There had already been an atmosphere of tension and an the Gay Communlty. mistrust, heightened by earlier police raids on homosexual On March 12, 1981, Council adopted a resolution that I I I I I enterprises. Further bathhouse raids and demonstrations were l Dr. Daniel G. Hill "be approached to look into the disagreement f to follow. On Saturday night, June 20, 1981, a large demonstra­ and difficulties surrounding relations between the Police and tion degenerated into violence on Charles Street, about a block ~ the Gay Community and that he submit a report to H"lS Worship from Police Headquarters. Handling of the situation by police the Mayor and City Council recommending ways to bring about was criticized. Charges were laid against an individual police improved relations ... " officer by a demonstrator and the police arrested eight people. ~ Dr. Hill, accordingly, was approached to undertake the Clearly, in the summer of 1981, relations between the study. At that time he informed Mayor Eggleton that if he police and a segment of the population of the city had reached decided to do so, h e wou ld ask that I .be engaged as his associate. a point that required action by its elected representatives. Subsequently, Dr. Hill felt that his other commitments would Calls by various groups for a formal inquiry into the not permit him to undertake the work at that tl"me. He recommended bathhouse raids of February 5 had received a negative response to the Mayor that I be approached to conduct the study. from the Solicitor General of Ontario, Roy McMurtry. On We were aware that the success of such a study depended on the Co-operation of both the gay " February 26, 1981, Alderman Pat Sheppard of Ward 9 and Alderman communl ty and the Me~:ropoli tan David White of Ward 1 presented to Council a Report on Police Police. Consequently, a meeting of seven leading members of ·~"""'---''1t·","''-'''~'-'~'" , /1 a - -4- -5- the gay community was arranged by the Rev. Brent Hawkes at the Metropolitan Community Church at 730 Bathurst Street. 1 h[IVe heard ohjections to the usc of the tel'1I1 g:ly to The group later issued a formal statement that they would clescdbe homosexuals on the ground that gay means joyrll1, co-operate with the study.
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