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History of the 14Th Illinois Cavalry

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This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com HistoryofFourteenthIllinoiscavalryandthebrigadestowhichitbelonged WashingtonL.Sanford,MartinElgarWest,ThomasFeatherson °« W. McGAVHKN H.C.CONNELLY. B.D.CONNELLY. LAWYERS , ROCK ISLAND , ILL. See pages: 7,8,9,21 ,32,49,63,64,76,92,101 ,110 111 ,114,115,120, 124, 133, 1*3, 144, lbl 152 , 165 , 231 , 236 , 238 , 239 , 240 , 242, 243 244, 246, 248, 249 , 252, 253, 256 , 273, 274 308,309,310,325. FIRST LIEUT. WASHINGTON L. SANFOKD. Company I. (l860.) J HISTORY OF Fourteenth Illinois Cavalry AND THE BRIGADES TO WHICH IT BELONGED COMPILED FROM MANUSCRIPT HISTORY BY SANFORD, WEST AND FEATHERSON, AND FROM NOTES OF COMRADES ; CAREFULLY COMPARED WITH AND CORRECTED BY GOVERNMENT PUBLISHED OFFICIAL REPORTS AND STATISTICS FURNISHED BY UNION AND CONFED ERATE OFFICERS. WITH BIOGRAPHIES OF OFFICERS AND ROLLS OF MEN, AND EMBELLISHED WITH PORTRAITS COMPILED AND PUBLISHED BY W. L. SANFORD Late First Lieutenant Company " I," Fourteenth Reg. Illinois Cavalry Address: Chana, Illinois. I CHICAGO R. R. DONNELLEY & SONS COMPANY 1898 f harvard\ /UNIVERSITY / LIBRARY M MAS 15 1946 J Copyr1ght, 1898 By W. L. SANFORD DEDICATION. To the living comrades in the Fourteenth Illinois Cav alry, and to the descendants of the living and the dead, this volume is dedicated; hoping that our descendants may shun our vices and emulate our virtues, and should their country ever need their services in arms, we trust that our descendants may be inspired by the same lofty patriotism that led us to the field of glory and victory, and of self-sacrifice in the service of our country, and of humanity. Nothing in human life is as worthy of human adulation, nor as sure of future reward, as the willing sacrifice of comfort and of life for the benefit of suffer ing humanity; and having added so much to the credit side of our final account, let us ever seek by virtue and righteousness to add to the credit side, while we strive constantly to diminish the debtor side, that we may with joy answer to the final roll call when life's warfare is over. W. L. Sanford. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Preface 5 Introduct1on 7 CHAPTER I. Called to Kentucky 13 to 31 First Celina raid. Second Celina raid. Active duty scouting. CHAPTER II. Morgan pursu1t across the Oh1o R1ver 32 to 53 Its object. Rebel Gen. Wheeler's statement. Mor gan flanks our division. Our brigade prevents his return. Morgan driven across the Ohio river. Pur suit. Our brigade flanks Morgan. Battle of Buffing- ton Island. Final pursuit and capture. CHAPTER III. Prepar1ng to 1nvade East Tennessee 54 to 66 Cross the Cumberland Mountains. Capture Knox- ville. Capture Cumberland Gap. CHAPTER IV. March to Morr1stown, Blue Spr1ngs and Greenev1lle. .67 to 86 Attack rebels at Kingsport and pursuit. Fight at Blountville. Capture of Bristol. Engagement at Zolli- coffer. Second engagement at Blountville. Skirmish on Zollicoffer road. March to Loudon. March back to Knoxville. Engagement at Rheatown. Third fight at Blountville. Second fight at Bristol. Drive rebels into Virginia. Scout to Kingsport under Major Quigg. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER V. LONGSTREET ATTACKS BuRNSIDE 87 to 108 Longstreet's forces. Burnside's forces. Knoxville besieged. Brigade under General Wilcox. Camp near Cumberland Gap. March to Maynardville. Our brigade strength. Skirmish below Maynardville. Rebel attempt to surround brigade. Battle of Walkersford. Rebel forces engaged. Strength of regiment and of brigade. Guy Niles' splendid shot. Skirmish at Powder Spring Gap. Gen. Shackelford in command of cavalry. Sent to watch Longstreet's movement. Reconnoisance to Mooresville. CHAPTER VI. Longstreet's forces; our forces 109 to 126 Battle of Bean Station. Sanford's description. Con nelly's description. Longstreet's report and object. Rebel Gen. Johnson's report. Johnson acknowledges our gallant resistance. Other rebel reports confirm our description. Strength of opposing forces. Second day's fight. Gen. Longstreet acknowledges his failure. CHAPTER VII. General Foster 1n command 127 to 142 General Foster in command. Powder Spring Gap evacuated. Join General Sturgis. Frequent engage ments. Severe battle. Intense cold and hard fare. Battle near Dandridge. March to Knoxville. Divided into detachments. Skirmishes and brisk engagement. CHAPTER VIII. Ind1an ra1d 1nto North Carol1na 143 to 159 Crossing the mountains. Silently approach1ng Indian camp. Capture of Indian pickets. Furious charge into Indian camp. Complete surprise and rout of Indians. Results of the engagement. Gen. Sturgis' report. Gen. Grant's dispatch. Parson Brownlow's comment. Re connoisance above Knoxville. March to Loudon and Philadelphia. CHAPTER IX. D1v1ded 1nto detachments 160 to 169 Passing a spy through the lines. Indian attack. Or ganization of band. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 3 CHAPTER X. Start to jo1n Sherman 170 to 181 Joined by recruits. Pursuit of rebel parties. Organ ization of Stoneman's division. Skirmishing. Drive a rebel battery. Rebels driven across the Chatta- hooche. Burn Moore's bridge. Cross the river to Decatur. CHAPTER XL Stoneman ra1d to Macon 182 to 211 Initial correspondence and orders. Start on raid. Hood discovers movement. Reasons for change of plan. Commands in Stoneman's division. Capture of Monticello and Hillsboro. Davidson's battalion de tached. Capron's brigade destroys rail road. Con federate force at Macon. Attack on Macon. Informa tion of strong force in our rear. Retreat toward Wheeler. Skirmishing with Wheeler. Changes by Eighth Michigan. Capron's brigade drives the enemy. Battle line formed. Repeated furious charges on rebel lines. General Stoneman surrenders. Capron's brigade dashes through rebel lines. Retreat; men exhausted. Pursuit and night attack. Terrible fate. Work of Davidson's command. CHAPTER XII. Romant1c story of escape 212 to 223 CHAPTER XIII. Remount1ng and serv1ce under Gen. Thomas 224 to 253 Armed with muskets. Strength of Hood's Army. Reason of change of our orders. March to Pulaski, Tennessee. Gen. Schofield commanding in front. Schofield's force, infantry and cavalry. Hood's force, infantry and cavalry. Hood designs to flank Schofield. Wide belt of country defended by our small cavalry force. Capron's brigade reconnoiter to Waynesboro. Capron's brigade opposes overwhelming force. Four days and nights' perilous service. Capron's brigade saves Schofield's army. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER XIV. F1fth Iowa Cavalry jo1ns br1gade 254 to 291 Capron's brigade at Lewisburg pike. Successfully resists Buford's division. Active work. Wilson's cav alry driven back. Capron's brigade alone resists. Holds the enemy until night. Surrounded by Forrest's cavalry. Engagement at picket post. Headquarters swept away. Final gallant charge of brigade. Capron's brigade again saves Schofield's army. Retreat to Franklin. Great battle at Franklin. A disastrous vic tory for Hood. Retreat to Nashville. Siege of Nash ville. Dismounted and armed with carbines. Reorgan ization of brigade. Battle of Nashville. Destruction of Hood's army. End of active service. Quietly in camps. CHAPTER XV. At Edgef1eld and Pulask1. 292 to 347 Comparative loss of Fourteenth. Synopsis of service. Narratives of comrades. Biographies of officers. Ros ter of men. Muster out of regiment. PREFACE. A regimental and brigade history of Fourteenth Illi nois Cavalry, including the services in brigade of the Fifth Indiana Cavalry, the Sixty-fifth Indiana Mounted In fantry, the Eighth Michigan Cavalry, McLaughlin's Ohio Squadron, the Sixteenth Illinois Cavalry, and the Sixth Indiana Cavalry. V INTRODUCTION. This history began as a daily record of events in the service by two members, W. L. Sanford, of Company "I," and Martin West, of Company "C," neither knowing of the other's work. It was first designed for the informa tion of friends at home. As the record grew in interest, comrades suggested a published history. When this pur pose became fixed, Sanford proposed a partnership with Comrade Thomas Featherson, of Company "I," to illus trate the book with views, as Featherson was a fair artist. Sanford, having lost a portion of his notes, searched for notes to supply the lost material, and found that Martin West had also kept full notes and that he was an able writer and diligent in gathering material. On talking the matter over each became convinced that it were better to unite their work. A partnership of "Sanford, West and Featherson" was formed, and when Sanford, in the spring of 1865, resigned, it was arranged that he should write up the history from their notes, and a subscription list of over eighteen hundred dollars was obtained, pay able when the book was ready for the press. As the regi ment was discharged before its three years' term was completed, the book was not yet ready, and at the muster out the .members were so scattered that the means could not be gathered to publish and the project was abandoned. At the reunion of the regiment at Ottawa, Illinois, in August, 1887, the project was revived to publish. Major H. C. Connelly, Captain A. B. Capron and Lieutenant W. L. Sanford were appointed a committee to devise a plan to bring out the history. They at once decided that the history should be revised by combining the first manu script, sifted and condensed, with all other useful and truthful material that could be gathered, using the Gov ernment published official reports of union and confed erate officers to verify and add to our record. 8 INTRODUCTION. It was finally decided that Lieutenant Sanford should compile the work, and finally the whole work was placed in his hands. Comrade Featherson had died and Com rade West consented to relinquish all to Sanford, who began by collecting the official reports and other material.
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