DOCSLIB.ORG

The Theory of Quantum Liquids: Superfluid Bose Liquids

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Theory of Quantum Liquids: Superfluid Bose Liquids The Theory of Quantum Liquids Superfluid Bose Liquids VOLUME II The Theory of Quantum Liquids Superfluid Bose Liquids PHILIPPE NOZIERES' Institut Max Von Laue-Paul Langevin DAVID PINES University of Illinois Advanced Book Program Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business The Theory of Quantum Liquids, Volume ll: Superfluid Bose Liquids First published 1990 by Westview Press Published 2018 by CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright© 1990 Taylor & Francis Group LLC No claim to original U.S. Government works This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www. copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www. taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nozieres, P. (Philippe) Theory of quantum liquids. val 2. superfluid bose liquids I Philippe Nozieres and David Pines (Advanced book classics series) Pines' name appears first on val. 1. Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Quantum liquids. I. Pines, David. II. Title. III. Series. QC174.4.N69 1990 530.1'33-dc19 90-24104 ISBN 13: 978-0-201-50063-9 (hbk) ISBN 13: 978-0-201-40841-6 (pbk) This unique image was created with special-effects photography. Photographs ofa broken road, an office building, and a rusted object were superimposed to achieve the effect of a faceted pyramid on a futuristic plain. It originally appeared in a slide show called "Fossils of the Cyborg: From the Ancient to the Future," produced by Synapse Productions, San Francisco. Because this image evokes a fusion of classicism and dynamism, the future and the past, it was chosen as the logo for the Advanced Book Classics series. Publisher's Foreword "Advanced Book Classics" is a reprint series which has come into being as a direct result of public demand for the individual volumes in this program. That was our initial criterion for launching the series. Additional criteria for selection of a book's inclusion in the series include: • Its intrinsic value for the current scholarly buyer. It is not enough for the book to have some historic significance, but rather it must have a timeless quality attached to its content, as well. In a word, "uniqueness." • The book's global appeal. A survey of our international markets revealed that readers of these volumes comprise a boundary less, worldwide audience. • The copyright date and imprint status of the book. Titles in the program are frequently fifteen to twenty years old. Many have gone out of print, some are about to go out of print. Our aim is to sustain the lifespan of these very special volumes. We have devised an attractive design and trim-size for the "ABC" titles, giving the series a striking appearance, while lending the individual titles unifying identity as part of the "Advanced Book· Classics" program. Since "classic" books demand a long-lasting binding, we have made them available in hardcover at an affordable price. We envision them being purchased by individuals for reference and research use, and for personal and public libraries. We also foresee their use as primary and recommended course materials for university level courses in the appropriate subject area. The "Advanced Book Classics" program is not static. Titles will continue to be added to the series in ensuing years as works meet the criteria for inclusion which we've imposed. As the series grows, we naturally anticipate our book buying audience to grow with it. We welcome your support and your suggestions concerning future volumes in the program and invite you to communicate directly with us. vii V.I. Arnold and A. Avez, Ergodic Problems of Classical Mechanics E. Artin and J. Tate, Class Field Theory Michael F. Atiyah, K-Theory David Bohm, The Special Theory ofRelativity P.C. Clemmow and J.P. Dougherty, Electrodynamics of Particles and Plasmas Ronald C. Davidson, Theory ofNonneutral Plasmas P.G. deGennes, Superconductivity of Metals and Alloys Bernard d'Espagnat, Conceptual Foundations ofQuantwn Mechanics, 2nd Edition Richard Feynman, Photon-Hadron Interactions Dieter Forster, Hydrodynamic Fluctuations, Broken Symmetry, and Correlation Functions William Fulton, Algebraic Curves: An Introduction to Algebraic Geometry Kurt Gottfried, Quantum Mechanics Leo Kadanoff and Gordon Baym, Quantum Statistical Mechanics I.M. Khalatnikov, An Introduction to the Theory of Superfluidity George W. Mackey, Unitary Group Representations in Physics, Probability and Number Theory viii A. B. Migdal, Qualitative Methods in Quantum Theory Philippe Nozieres and David Pines, The Theory of Quantum Liquids, Volume II : Superfluid Bose Liquids- new material, 1990 copyright David Pines and Philippe Nozieres, The Theory of Quantum Liquids, Volume 1: Normal Fermi Liquids F. Rohrlich, Classical Charged Particles- Foundations of Their Theory David Ruelle, Statistical Mechanics: Rigorous Results Julian Schwinger, Particles, Source and Fields, Volume I Julian Schwinger, Particles, Sources and Fields, Volume II Julian Schwinger, Particles, Sources and Fields, Volume II/ -new material, 1989 copyright Jean-Pierre Serre, Abelian 1-Adic Representations and Elliptic Curves R.F. Streater and A.S. Wightman, PCT Spin and Statistics and All That Rene Thorn, Structural Stability and Morphogenesis ix Vita Philippe Nozieres Professor of Physics at the College de France, Paris, he studied at the Ecole Nonnale Superieure in Paris and conducted research at Princeton University. Dr. Nozieres has served as a Professor at the University of Paris and at the University of Grenoble. His research is currently based at the Laue Langevin Institute in Grenoble. A member of the Academie des Sciences, he has been awarded theWolfPrize, the Holweck Award of the French Physical Society and the Institute of Physics, and the Gold Medal of the C.N.R.S. Dr. Nozieres' work has been concerned with various facets of the many-body problem, and his work currently focuses on crystal growth and surface physics. David Pines Center for Advanced Study Professor of Physics at the University of Illinois at Urbana­ Champaign, he has made pioneering contributions to an understanding of many-body problems in condensed matter and nuclear physics, and to theoretical astrophysics. Editor of Addison-Wesley's Frontiers in Physics series and the American Physical Society's Reviews ofModern Physics, Dr. Pines is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society, a Foreign Member of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., and is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Pines received the Eugene Feenberg Memorial Medal for Contributions to Many-Body Theory in 1985, the P.A.M. Dirac Silver Medal for the Advancement of Theoretical Physics in 1984, and the Friemann Prize in Condensed Matter Physics in 1983. X Special Preface We began writing this book at a time when field theoretical methods in statistical mechanics were expanding rapidly. Our aim was to focus on the physics which lies behind such sophisticated techniques, to describe simple physical facts in a simple language. Hence our deliberate choice of "elementary" methods in explaining such fundamental concepts as elementary excitations, their interactions and collisions, etc .... Rather than elaborating on calculations, we tried to explain qualitative and unifying aspects of an extremely broad and diversified field. Such a limited scope-albeit ambitious-probably explains why our book has retained popularity throughout the years. It is a comforting thought to evolve from a "frontier" level to a "classic" status. We hope it is not only a matter of age! The book was originally organized in two volumes. Volume I dealt with "nor­ mal" Fermi fluids, i.e., those which display no order of any type. Typical examples are liquid 3He or electron liquids at temperatures above a possible superfluid transition. We discussed at length the nature of elementary excitations, the central concept of response functions, the new features brought about by the long range of Coulomb interactions in charged systems. Volume IT was supposed to deal with superfluid systems, both bosons (4He) and fermions (metallic superconductors); it was never completed. The main reason was a matter of timing. The year, 1965, marked an explosive growth of the work on superconductors, with such new concepts as phase coherence, the Josephson effect, etc.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Selected Bibliography of Publications By, and About, J
    A Selected Bibliography of Publications by, and about, J. Robert Oppenheimer Nelson H. F. Beebe University of Utah Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB 155 S 1400 E RM 233 Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 USA Tel: +1 801 581 5254 FAX: +1 801 581 4148 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] (Internet) WWW URL: http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/ 17 March 2021 Version 1.47 Title word cross-reference $1 [Duf46]. $12.95 [Edg91]. $13.50 [Tho03]. $14.00 [Hug07]. $15.95 [Hen81]. $16.00 [RS06]. $16.95 [RS06]. $17.50 [Hen81]. $2.50 [Opp28g]. $20.00 [Hen81, Jor80]. $24.95 [Fra01]. $25.00 [Ger06]. $26.95 [Wol05]. $27.95 [Ger06]. $29.95 [Goo09]. $30.00 [Kev03, Kle07]. $32.50 [Edg91]. $35 [Wol05]. $35.00 [Bed06]. $37.50 [Hug09, Pol07, Dys13]. $39.50 [Edg91]. $39.95 [Bad95]. $8.95 [Edg91]. α [Opp27a, Rut27]. γ [LO34]. -particles [Opp27a]. -rays [Rut27]. -Teilchen [Opp27a]. 0-226-79845-3 [Guy07, Hug09]. 0-8014-8661-0 [Tho03]. 0-8047-1713-3 [Edg91]. 0-8047-1714-1 [Edg91]. 0-8047-1721-4 [Edg91]. 0-8047-1722-2 [Edg91]. 0-9672617-3-2 [Bro06, Hug07]. 1 [Opp57f]. 109 [Con05, Mur05, Nas07, Sap05a, Wol05, Kru07]. 112 [FW07]. 1 2 14.99/$25.00 [Ber04a]. 16 [GHK+96]. 1890-1960 [McG02]. 1911 [Meh75]. 1945 [GHK+96, Gow81, Haw61, Bad95, Gol95a, Hew66, She82, HBP94]. 1945-47 [Hew66]. 1950 [Ano50]. 1954 [Ano01b, GM54, SZC54]. 1960s [Sch08a]. 1963 [Kuh63]. 1967 [Bet67a, Bet97, Pun67, RB67]. 1976 [Sag79a, Sag79b]. 1981 [Ano81]. 20 [Goe88]. 2005 [Dre07]. 20th [Opp65a, Anoxx, Kai02].
    [Show full text]
  • Draft 2008 Summer17.Pmd
    Newsletter Number13 A Newsletter for University of California, Davis, Physics Alumni Summer 2008 A Message from the Chair challenge to find new ways to enhance the visibility and the impact of our The summer of 2008 sees the department. Our faculty members are beginning of the Centennial rising to the challenge in a number of celebration on the UC Davis campus. ways, several of which will be apparent In the physics department, it marks the in this newsletter and in following end of the five-year term of Shirley ones. Within two years we will expand Chiang as chair. The academic year into the space left behind by Geology ends with 46 active faculty in place, and as they occupy the new Earth and two more offers out to candidates. The Physical Sciences Building. Certainly department is vibrant with research this will be one of our great activity in Condensed Matter, opportunities. Cosmology, High Energy, and Nuclear, As I begin my new position as chair, I the relatively new thrust into were enrolled in undergraduate courses look forward to the opportunity to Biophysics, and continuing activity in during the year, and the graduate further the progress of the past five Physics Education spearheaded by student number has been hovering near years. I also invite feedback - Wendell Potter. The past several years 150. Another positive sign is that the suggestions and ideas - from all who have been a time of rapid growth for graduate program has risen to 29th in read this newsletter, and I invite visits the department, mirroring the growth the ranking of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Contents Research Interests
    David Pines June 8, 1924 Born Kansas City, Missouri May 3, 2018 (aged 93) Died Urbana, Illinois Citizenship American Alma mater Princeton University Scientific career Doctoral advisor David Bohm David Pines (June 8, 1924 – May 3, 2018) was the founding director of the Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter (ICAM) and the International Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter (I2CAM) (respectively, US-wide and international institutions dedicated to research in and the understanding of emergent phenomena), distinguished professor of physics, University of California, Davis, research professor of physics and professor emeritusof physics and electrical and computer engineering in the Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), and a staff member in the office of the Materials, Physics, and Applications Division at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. His seminal contributions to the theory of many-body systems and to theoretical astrophysics have been recognized by two Guggenheim Fellowships, the Feenberg Medal, the Edward A. Frieman Prize for Excellence in Graduate Student Research, Dirac and Drucker prizes, and by his election to the National Academy of Sciences, American Philosophical Society, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, and Hungarian Academy of Sciences and visiting professorships at the California Institute of Technology, College de France, Trinity College, Cambridge, University of Leiden, and the Université de Paris. He was the founding director of the Center for Advanced Study, UIUC (1968–70), was vice-president of the Aspen Center for Physics from 1968 to 1972, founder and co-chair of the US-USSR Cooperative Program in Physics, 1968–89; and a co-founder, vice-president, chair of the board of trustees, and co-chair of the science board of the Santa Fe Institute, from 1982 to 1996.
    [Show full text]
  • John Bardeen 1908–1991
    John Bardeen 1908–1991 A Biographical Memoir by David Pines ©2013 National Academy of Sciences. Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. JOHN BARDEEN May 23, 1908–January 30, 1991 Elected to the NAS, 1954 John Bardeen was arguably the most influential scientist/inventor of the latter part of the 20th century. Through his scientific discoveries, his instinct for inven- tion, and his impact on colleagues, he made possible the electronics revolution and the information explosion that have dramatically changed our daily lives. It was therefore entirely fitting that the US Postal Service marked his centenary by issuing a stamp, shown below, in his honor. Bardeen was an authentic American genius. Scientific genius is no easier to pinpoint than artistic genius. It derives from a combination of factors, including—but not limited to—intuition, imagination, far-reaching vision, By David Pines exceptional native gifts that blossom into significant technical skills, and the willingness and ability to chal- lenge conventional wisdom. Perhaps even more importantly, scientific genius depends on an instinct for invention, an ability to focus on the problem at hand, the skillfulness to juggle multiple approaches, and a fierce determination to pursue that problem to a successful conclusion. The inventor of the transistor and leader of the team that developed the microscopic theory of superconductivity, Bardeen possessed all of these qualities. But what was it that distinguished him from other geniuses in physics—Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Paul Dirac, Richard Feynman, Lev Landau, Wolfgang Pauli, and J.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Issue As
    UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA Tuesday May 29, 2018 Volume 64 Number 36 www.upenn.edu/almanac Constantia Constantinou: Vice Provost and Director of Penn Libraries University of Pennsylvania Provost Wendell College the previ- Pritchett recently announced the appointment of ous 12 years. Constantia Constantinou as the H. Carton Rog- She created an ers III Vice Provost and Director of the Penn Li- ambitious strate- braries, effective August 1. gic plan for the Ms. Constantinou will replace Mr. Rogers, Stony Brook Li- who has led the Penn Libraries since 2004 and braries, redefining is retiring after a 43-year career at Penn. the libraries as a “Constantia is a global leader in integrat- hub of collabora- ing the work of a large university library sys- tion in scholarly tem with the wider academic mission of a uni- and digital initia- versity,” Provost Pritchett said. “In particular, tives and working she has been a pioneer throughout her career in Stephen J. Schuster with students, fac- Carl June developing digital, multimedia and technology ulty, researchers initiatives in large university library systems FDA Approves CAR T Therapy for and staff across and in advancing partnerships among libraries, the university, Large B-Cell Lymphoma Developed museums and universities.” especially in de- Constantia Constantinou at University of Pennsylvania For the past five years, Ms. Constantinou veloping the dig- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has been Dean of University Libraries at Stony ital humanities, open access and a Center for (FDA) has expanded approval for a personal- Brook University of The State University of Scholarly Communication.
    [Show full text]
  • Laura H. Greene CV
    LAURA H. GREENE National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Florida State University Home (COVID era): 1875 Chardonnay Pl., Tallahassee, FL 32317 Mobile +1 (217) 898-7315 [email protected] [email protected] NationalMaglab.org Nationalmaglab.org/Laura-Greene-lab-leadership Greene-Park Lab - MagLab EXPERTISE: Research in experimental condensed matter physics investigating quantum materials. Focuses on strongly correlated states utilizing planar tunneling and point contact electron spectroscopies of heavy fermions, topological materials, superconductors, and other quantum materials. Greene’s vast service to the international science community includes her work on diversity, science diplomacy, human rights, and science ethics. DEGREES and HIGHER EDUCATIONAL TRAINING: Post-Doc 1983-84 Physics Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ Ph.D. 1984 Physics Cornell University M.S. 1980 Experimental Physics Cornell University M.S. 1978 Physics The Ohio State University B.S. 1974 Physics, Cum laude The Ohio State University EMPLOYMENT BACKGROUND: 2020-present Krafft Professor of Physics, Florida State University 2015-present Chief Scientist, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory 2015-present Professor of Physics (part time), University of Florida, Gainesville 2015-2019 Francis Eppes Professor of Physics, Florida State University 2015-2018 Distinguished Visiting Professor, Institute for Basic Sciences Center for Correlated Electron Systems (IBS CCES), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea 2015-present Emerita Swanlund Professor of
    [Show full text]
  • Scientists' Letter to Congress on the Iran Deal
    October 30, 2017 Senator Bob Corker, Chairman, Senate Foreign Relations Committee Senator Ben Cardin, Ranking Member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee Representative Ed Royce, Chairman, House Foreign Affairs Committee Representative Eliot Engel, Ranking Member, House Foreign Affairs Committee Dear Senators Corker and Cardin, and Representatives Royce and Engel, The United States Congress has momentous responsibilities with regard to the nuclear agreement with Iran. As scientists who understand the physics and technology of nuclear power, of nuclear explosives, and of long-range missiles; and who collectively bring experience with nuclear nonproliferation, we would like to provide you with our perspective on the wisest path forward. Recent statements by the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the European Union, and Iran make clear that renegotiation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPoA) is an unrealistic objective. Since the JCPoA imposes strict restrictions and strong verification on Iran’s nuclear program, Congress should act to ensure that the United States remains a party to the agreement. Along with assuring the continuation of the agreement, this will allow the United States to influence its implementation, including inspections at military installations, through its position on the Joint Commission. The JCPoA does not cover non-nuclear activities by Iran; any such issues could be addressed separately. For example, recent reports suggest that Iran might be open to mutually respectful negotiations addressing limits to Iran’s missile program. We encourage you to recommend that the United States pursue this potential opportunity. President Trump has expressed concerns about the long-term implications of the JCPoA for Iran’s nuclear program.
    [Show full text]