Estudo Das Plantas Medicinais Brasileiras Com Possível Ação No Sistema Nervoso Central Citadas Em Literatura Antiga (Séculos XVI – XIX)

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Estudo Das Plantas Medicinais Brasileiras Com Possível Ação No Sistema Nervoso Central Citadas Em Literatura Antiga (Séculos XVI – XIX) MELINA GIORGETTI Estudo das plantas medicinais brasileiras com possível ação no Sistema Nervoso Central citadas em literatura antiga (Séculos XVI – XIX). Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Campus São Paulo, para obtenção do Título de Mestra em Ciências. São Paulo 2009 MELINA GIORGETTI Estudo das plantas medicinais brasileiras com possível ação no Sistema Nervoso Central citadas em literatura antiga (Séculos XVI – XIX). Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Campus São Paulo, para obtenção do Título de Mestra em Ciências. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Eliana Rodrigues São Paulo 2009 II Giorgetti, Melina Estudo das plantas medicinais brasileiras com possível ação no Sistema Nervoso Central citadas em literatura antiga (Séculos XVI – XIX). /Melina Giorgetti. –São Paulo, 2009. IX,137f. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Escola Paulista de Medicina. Departamento de Psicobiologia. Título em inglês : Study of Brazilian medicinal plants with possible action in the Central Nervous System cited by historic literature (16th to 19 th centuries). 1. Etnofarmacologia. 2. Literatura antiga 3. Plantas medicinais . 4. Conhecimento tradicional. 5. Sistema Nervoso Central. MELINA GIORGETTI Estudo das plantas medicinais brasileiras com possível ação no Sistema Nervoso Central citadas em literatura antiga (Séculos XVI – XIX). Presidente da banca: Profa. Dra. Eliana Rodrigues BANCA EXAMINADORA: Profa. Dra. Alpina Begossi Profa. Dra. Elaine Elisabetsky Profa. Dra. Maria Cristina de Mello Amorozo Suplente: Dr. Fulvio Rieli Mendes Aprovada em: 30/04/2008 III UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO PAULO ESCOLA PAULISTA DE MEDICINA DEPARTAMENTO DE PSICOBIOLOGIA Chefe do Departamento: Profa. Dra. Maria Lucia Oliveira de Souza Formigoni Coordenadora do Curso de Pós-Graduação: Profa. Dra. Maria Gabriela Menezes de Oliveira São Paulo 2009 IV Dedico este trabalho à minha família, por sempre estar ao meu lado. V Agradecimentos Agradeço primeiramente às agências de fomento FAPESP, CNPq e AFIP por darem os subsídios necessários aodesenvolvimentodeste trabalho.Agradeçotambém à UNIFESP (Campus SãoPauloe Campus Diadema),e aoInstitutode Botânica de São Paulopela estrutura fornecida,que viabilizouos levantamentos científicos em literatura atual, a revisão e atualização taxonômica das espécies vegetais, além de me proporcionar bases científicas para que eu amadurecesse muitas idéias, conceitos e pensamentos. Agradeço aos Professores E. A. Carlini, José Carlos F. Galduróz, Giuseppina Negri,FulvioR.Mendes,Maria Thereza L.de A.Camargo,Zuleika RibeirodoValle e Lúcia Rossi peloapoioe por informações que foram de fundamental importância em questões muito relevantes deste trabalho (importância da revisão taxonômica, localizaçãodeacervos,indicaçãode autores eliteraturas). Agradeçoàs Professoras Alpina Begossi,Elaine Elisabetskye Maria Cristina de M. Amorozo, por cederem seu tempo na avaliação deste trabalho e relevantes contribuiçõescomomembrosda banca,queacabaram porenriquecereste trabalho. Agradeçotambém os componentes da banca de suficiência doDepartamentode Psicobiologia Ana Regina Notto, Deborah Suchecki e Fulvio Rieli Mendes, pela atençãoprestadae pelas pertinentesconsideraçõesqueforam dadas. Agradeçoespecialmente à Dra. Lucia Rossi,que apenas pelointeresse científico sedispôsa revisar ataxonomiadas plantas presentesnestetrabalho. Agradeço aos amigos Victor, Rafaela e Adriana que me ajudaram muito nesta etapa final (revisando, dandosugestões e me apoiandosempre que precisei). A ajuda de vocêsfoimuitoimportante paramim... Agradeço especialmente à minha família, pela base que me deram, além do carinho e apoio, sempre estando ao meu lado. Meu pai Arnaldo Barreto Giorgetti, minha mãe Sandra BrennGiorgetti, minhas irmãs,Milena e Melissa Giorgetti,e minha querida vovó,Julieta Tanus Brenn,que está me vendochegar aofim desta etapa,porém deumlugardiferente... Agradeço muito aos meus amigos, que buscaram me incentivar, me apoiar, me ouvir ou muitas vezes apenas me distrair dos problemas e frustrações que ocorrem VI durante a realizaçãode uma pesquisa.Especialmente os amigos Jó,Lú,Fê,Tavin,Emi, Mirella, Baiano, Paula H., Macedo, Gaiz, Vi (Fofa), Kaxcola, Thiago, Bruno, Gui, Dani, Paulo, Patrick, Déa e Léo, Mari, Martinha, Ju, Di, Gi, Bel, Li, Tathi, Dri, Marcinho, Rafa, Bruno, Deinha, Cris, Claudinha, Yone, Julia, Laura, Clau e Ari, e tantosoutros... Agradeço ao Departamento de Psicobiologia por, além de me dar a estrutura física, me confrontar com idéias diferentes das minhas, nas aulas e discussões acaloradas de reuniões, churrascos e afins. Agradeço especialmente o pessoal da administração (Nê, Julio, Marcinho e Natália), a Cris da Biblioteca e as amigas da limpezaDri,SelminhaeMariadoSocorro,além dosamigos alunosdaPós-Graduação. Agradeço também ao CEBRID, onde eu iniciei minha pesquisa (na iniciação científica e no início do mestrado), e onde além de apoio conheci muitas pessoas especiais.AgradeçoaoProfessor Carlini por ter me recebido,me tratadosempre bem e me ensinado coisas muito importantes, que levarei como lição para o resto da vida. Agradeçoàs secretárias Eleninha,Pat,Aline,Clara,Filó,ao pessoal da administração Marlene, Jane e Mara, e aos colegas Bruno, Dani, Cris, Deinha, Ju, Ly, Grazi, Claudinhae Yone. Por último,e especialmente,agradeçoaoCEE por me fornecer base científica e grandesamigos(especiais),principalmente:Rafa eTami,Daniel,Julinoe Juliana. Saibam que vocês sãotodos muitoimportantes nãosópara este trabalho,mas para mimtambém...Muitoobrigada portudo!!! VII Sumário Dedicatória ......................................................................... V Agradecimentos ................................................................. VI Resumo ............................................................................... IX 1. Introdução ..................................................................... 1 1.1. Objetivos .................................................................. 9 2. Metodologia ................................................................... 10 2.1. Seleção dos acervos visitados em quatro estados do Brasil .......................................................................................... 10 2.2. Seleção das obras .................................................... 10 2.3. Seleção das espécies citadas nas obras consultadas .......................................................................................... 14 2.4. Levantamentos sobre estudos etnofarmacológicos atuais das espécies em estudo .................................................................................. 15 2.5. Levantamentos sobre estudos farmacológicos das espécies em estudo ......................................................................................... 16 2.6. Busca das espécies em estudo em depósitos de patentes .......................................................................................... 16 2.7. Organização dos dados ........................................... 16 2.8. Análise dos dados .................................................... 19 2.9. Comitê de ética......................................................... 19 3. Resultados e Discussão ................................................. 20 3.1. Dos acervos e das obras .......................................... 20 3.2. Das plantas encontradas ........................................ 31 3.3. Dos estudos atuais ................................................... 64 3.4. Das limitações .......................................................... 80 4. Conclusões ..................................................................... 82 5. Anexo ............................................................................. 84 6. Referências Bibliográficas ........................................... 119 Abstract ............................................................................. 137 VIII Resumo A pesquisa etnofarmacológica a partir de literatura antiga tem como principal objetivoresgataroconhecimentotradicionaldeculturasaolongodahistória.O presente trabalho realizou levantamentos em literatura dos séculos XVI ao XIX, procurando relatos de plantas medicinais,nativas doBrasil,com possível açãonoSistema Nervoso Central (SNC). Foram visitadas 28 instituições nos estados de SP, PA, RJ e BA, e levantadas 532 obras, das quais 65 foram lidas. Destas publicações foram retiradas plantas, que passaram por um processo de atualização de seus nomes científicos, totalizando 792 nomes de espécies (133 nomes científicos atualmente corretos e suas 659 sinonímias respectivas). Foi feito um levantamento em literatura científica atual (séculos XX e XXI), a fim de verificar se alguma destas plantas possui investigação científica e/ouconfirmaçãode seus usos dopassado,e notouse que 66delas possuem estudos atuais de etnofarmacologia, farmacologia ou processo de patente. A partir dessas comparações observouse que em 45casos existem coincidências entre os dados dopassadoe dopresente.Notouse que,de modogeral,as espécies em apreçoforam poucoestudadas ao longodos séculos,e apenas três delas apresentaram processos de patente que coincidam com os usos antigos. De acordo com estes resultados pôde-se concluir que, apesar de pouco utilizada, a pesquisa de etnofarmacologia e literatura antiga é uma ferramenta promissora para a seleção de novos fármacos, além de contribuir comoresgatedoconhecimentotradicionaldos povosdopassado. Palavras-chave: Etnofarmacologia; Literatura antiga; Sistema NervosoCentral; Plantas medicinais; Brasil;Conhecimentotradicional.
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