Bingara Gorge

Koala Plan of Management

Prepared for Lend Lease Communities (Wilton)

November 2015

Bingara Gorge Koala PoM

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Project Name Bingara Gorge Koala Plan of Management Project Number 15WOL 2086 Brendan Dowd Project Manager Phone 4201 2202 Office address 204/62 Moore Street, Wollongong NSW 2515 Prepared by Jack Talbert and Brendan Dowd Reviewed by Steven House Approved by Brendan Dowd Status Final Version Number 2 Last saved on 26 November 2015

Cover photo Bingara Gorge site (ELA)

This report should be cited as ‘Eco Logical Australia 2015. Bingara Gorge Koala Plan of Management. Prepared for Lend Lease Communities (Wilton).’

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document has been prepared by Eco Logical Australia Pty Ltd with support from Lend Lease Communities (Wilton).

Disclaimer This document may only be used for the purpose for which it was commissioned and in accordance with the contract between Eco Logical Australia Pty Ltd and Lend Lease Communities (Wilton). The scope of services was defined in consultation with Lend Lease Communities (Wilton), by time and budgetary constraints imposed by the client, and the availability of reports and other data on the subject area. Changes to available information, legislation and schedules are made on an ongoing basis and readers should obtain up to date information. Eco Logical Australia Pty Ltd accepts no liability or responsibility whatsoever for or in respect of any use of or reliance upon this report and its supporting material by any third party. Information provided is not intended to be a substitute for site specific assessment or legal advice in relation to any matter. Unauthorised use of this report in any form is prohibited.

Template 08/05/2014

Bingara Gorge Koala PoM

Contents

1 Introduction ...... 1

2 Koala habitat ...... 3 2.1 Regional distribution, habitat connectivity and relevance of the study area by Koala ...... 3 2.2 Population size ...... 5 2.3 Preferred feed trees ...... 5 2.3.1 Species and size of trees present ...... 5 2.3.2 Structural diversity of the vegetation ...... 5 2.3.3 Soil nutrients ...... 5 2.3.4 Climate and rainfall ...... 6 2.3.5 Size and disturbance history of the habitat patch...... 6 2.4 Potential threatening processes associated with proposed development ...... 8 2.4.1 Loss modification and fragmentation of habitat ...... 8 2.4.2 Predation by feral and domestic dogs ...... 8 2.4.3 Road-kills ...... 8

3 Koala plan of management ...... 9 3.1 Retained native vegetation ...... 9 3.2 Landscaping within residential areas ...... 10 3.3 EP&R Land Fencing ...... 11 3.4 Threats from domestic dogs ...... 11 3.5 Minimising impact during construction ...... 11 3.6 Education ...... 12 3.7 Traffic management ...... 12

4 Monitoring ...... 14 4.1 Assessment criteria ...... 14 4.2 Monitoring of plan implementation ...... 14

References ...... 15

List of figures

Figure 1: Bingara Gorge with all Koala records within 10 km ...... 2

Figure 2: Potential movement throughout the landscape within the context of Bingara Gorge ...... 4

Figure 3: Bingara Gorge EP&R Land and development area ...... 7

Bingara Gorge Koala PoM

Abbreviations

Abbreviation Description

APZ Asset Protection Zone

DA Development Application

ELA Eco Logical Australia

EPBC Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation

LGA Local Government Area

PoM Plan of Management

SEPP 44 State Environmental Planning Policy Number 44 – Koala Habitat Protection

WSC Wollondilly Shire Council

Bingara Gorge Koala PoM

1 Introduction

Eco Logical Australia (ELA) has been engaged by Lend Lease Communities Wilton (Lend Lease) to prepare a Koala Plan of Management (PoM) as part of the planning process for the proposed development previously referred to as Bingara Gorge (the site).

Bingara Gorge is located within the Wollondilly Shire Local Government Area (LGA), 10 km to the south east of Picton town centre, 25 km from Campbelltown and 35 km from Wollongong (Figure 1). The development is 1 km east of the intersection of the Hume Highway and Picton Road, and approximately 80 km south west of the Sydney CBD.

Numerous surveys and studies of the site have been previously undertaken (King, 2005; HWR, 2006; ELA 2013-2015). In relation to the Koala, it is known that Bingara Gorge:

 contains potential habitat, within all remaining forest vegetation  contains Koala feed tree species: Eucalyptus punctata (Grey Gum) and E. tereticornis (Forest Red Gum)  has no known records of Koala within its boundaries but may be important as a fire refuge and potential movement corridor (King 2005)  has no recorded signs of usage of the site by the species  has a total of 57 Koala records within a 10 km radius of the site (Bionet 2015). There are three records of Koala to the west of the site along the Hume Highway – from 1999 to 2003 (>12 years old)

In accordance with Wollondilly Shire Councils (WCS) Wollondilly Development Control Plan (DCP) 2011 – Volume 7 – site specific controls – Bingara Gorge Estate, Wilton Park, the sensitive lands contained within the site boundary (previously referred to as the EP&R Lands) must be managed in accordance with a Koala and Koala Habitat Management Plan.

The purpose of this document is to provide a Koala Plan of Management (PoM) for Bingara Gorge to satisfy the requirements of the WSC DCP, SEPP 44 and EPBC Approvals.

More broadly, this report provides suitable controls to ensure the Bingara Gorge proposal encourages the proper conservation and management of areas of potential koala habitat.

Wollondilly Shire is identified in Schedule 1 of State Environmental Planning Policy No. 44 – Koala Habitat Protection (SEPP 44) as being a Local Government Area (LGA) subject to the provisions of the SEPP. The aim of SEPP 44 is to encourage the proper conservation and management of areas of natural vegetation that provide habitat for koalas to ensure a permanent free-living population over their present range and reverse the current trend of koala population decline. Part 3 of SEPP 44 provides step by step development control provisions for determining whether certain land is potential koala habitat. Comprehensive assessment of vegetation and koala searches (HWR 2006) within the site, followed by more recent extensive site surveys (ELA 2013-2015), have not identified the site as core habitat for the Koala as defined under the SEPP.

Bingara Gorge Koala PoM

Figure 1: Bingara Gorge with all Koala records within 10 km

Bingara Gorge Koala PoM

2 Koala habitat

2.1 Regional distribution, habitat connectivity and relevance of the study area by Koala The Koala is known to require habitat consisting of any forest or woodland containing species that are koala food trees, or shrubland with emergent food trees. This can include remnant and non-remnant vegetation in natural, agricultural, urban and peri-urban environments. Koalas are leaf-eating specialists and inhabit a range of vegetation communities; predominantly those dominated by Eucalyptus species, or closely related genera (including Corymbia and Angophora species), as well as Lophostemon and Melaleuca species.

The Koala has one of the largest distributions of any terrestrial threatened species (as listed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). It occupies a variety of vegetation across this large distribution, is capable of moving long distances and is variably affected by a range of threats.

The Koala’s current range extends from tropical north Queensland, through sub-tropical central Queensland to northern NSW, south through the temperate regions of NSW and the ACT to the Victorian border. The Koala’s distribution has been split into two contexts: the inland and the coastal – with the division based on the 800 mm per annum rainfall isohyet. The locality of Bingara Gorge is within the coastal distribution range (i.e. >800 mm per annum rainfall).

Desktop studies were undertaken for the Koala prior to on-ground surveys. This included the use of the EPBC Act Protected Matters Search Tool and a review of the NSW Bionet records. A total of 55 Koala records exist within a 10 km radius of the subject site (Bionet 2015). There are three records of the Koala along the Hume Highway to the west of the site. The records are over 12 years old – from between 1999 to 2003.

ELA has conducted targeted Koala surveys at the site as part of our overall flora and fauna survey program. This has included over 200 hours of active fauna searches, opportunistic fauna observation and fauna habitat assessment. The Koala has not been identified in the current surveys of the study area, nor has there been any recorded sign of usage of the site by the species.

In a study of Koala tree preference in the Wilton region, the Koala was shown to have a preferential utilisation of Eucalyptus punctata and E. agglomerata on substrates derived from shales, compared with the same species on sandstones (Phillips 2000, cited in King 2005). Within the site, all remaining forest vegetation provides potential habitat for this species, with the presence of each eucalypt species in low density, although the absence of evidence of Koalas on the site indicates that this vegetation at Bingara Gorge is not core habitat but may be important as a fire refuge area or movement of the species. There is a known population of this species at Wedderburn some 15 kilometres to the northeast of the site and a sparse population within the Sydney Water Catchment areas to the south east of the site.

Figure 2 identifies the potential movement corridors through and adjacent to the site (adapted from King 2005).

Furthermore, although outdated – no evidence of Koala usage of the site was found during an intensive Koala investigation in December 2004 (King 2005). The survey included 5.8 km of spotlight searches and faecal pellet searches beneath 351 trees.

Bingara Gorge Koala PoM

Figure 2: Potential movement throughout the landscape within the context of Bingara Gorge

Bingara Gorge Koala PoM

2.2 Population size The regional distribution of the Koala comprises of two low density populations. The main and best studied population occurs at Wedderburn approximately 15 kilometres to the north of the site and is understood to have up to 400 Koalas in the Campbelltown City LGA (CCC, 2015). A further low density population occurs within the Sydney Water Catchment areas to the south east of the site. This species has the potential to utilise vegetation contained within the gorges along the northern and eastern boundaries of the site (Figure 2). This is likely to be limited to intermittent movement between these populations or towards the Nepean and Bargo areas to the south-west of the site.

2.3 Preferred feed trees Koala inhabits a range of eucalypt forest and woodland communities, including coastal forests, the woodlands of the tablelands and western slopes, and the riparian communities of the western plains. Koala also utilise isolated paddock trees. The quality of forest and woodland communities as habitat for koalas is influenced by a range of factors (Reed et al. 1990), such as:

 species and size of trees present  structural diversity of the vegetation  soil nutrients  climate and rainfall No Koala or Koala scat, scratch marks, or signs of usage were found during any of the abovementioned site inspections; however, there were Koala feed tree species (including E. punctata (Grey Gum), E. agglomerata (Blue-leaved Stringybark) and E. tereticornis (Forest Red Gum)). The area proposed for development exhibits very few feed trees and is unlikely to be utilised by Koalas. The EP&R Lands (Figure 3) are considered provide potential Koala habitat due to the existence of varying degrees of preferential vegetation.

2.3.1 Species and size of trees present The most important factor influencing Koala occurrence is the suite of food tree species available. In any one area, Koala rely primarily on regionally specific primary and/or secondary food tree species. If primary food tree species are not present or occur in low density, Koala will rely on secondary food tree species, but the carrying capacity of the habitat (i.e. number of animals per hectare) is inevitably lower.

Although primary and secondary food trees provide the bulk of a koala’s diet, leaves from other species, including non-eucalypts, may provide a seasonal or supplementary dietary resource. The quality of habitat is also influenced by the presence of suitable shelter trees, particularly in harsh climates, such as cypress pine and brush box (DECC 2008).

2.3.2 Structural diversity of the vegetation It has been found that Koala activity is greater in structurally diverse forest with the majority of trees 25.5–80 cm diameter at breast height (dbh), with under-utilisation of trees less than 25.5 cm dbh. Some groundcover vegetation and other features such as hollow logs, are also useful to provide shelter while on the ground and refuge in extreme weather conditions (DECC 2008).

2.3.3 Soil nutrients It has been observed that vegetation on more fertile soils provide the most suitable habitat for Koala due to the greater availability of nutrients within leaves. This can be best demonstrated by the varying degree of use of two primary food tree species, Eucalyptus tereticornis and E. viminalis, according to substrate. Both species are used as primary food trees when on nutrient rich soils but not when on nutrient deficient soils (DECC 2008).

Bingara Gorge Koala PoM

2.3.4 Climate and rainfall Koalas rely primarily on the moisture within their food to meet their water requirements. Where soil moisture is low, Koala would be expected to depend on areas with relatively high rainfall. Where rainfall is low Koala primarily occur in areas of higher soil moisture in the vicinity of waterways. Koala have been demonstrated to change their foraging patterns seasonally, for example it has been observed that in summer, Koala select trees with a higher leaf moisture content (DECC 2008).

2.3.5 Size and disturbance history of the habitat patch Small, fragmented or highly disturbed habitats are less likely to be able to support a Koala population in the long term due to edge effects, limited resource availability and increased predation. Although Koala do utilise scattered trees in largely cleared environments, travelling across open ground leaves them more vulnerable to threats such as predation. Vegetated links are important to support continued Koala movement; where dispersal and recruitment are impeded by barriers such as large areas of open ground and roads, populations would be expected to decline (DECC 2008).

Bingara Gorge Koala PoM

Figure 3: Bingara Gorge EP&R Land and development area

Bingara Gorge Koala PoM

2.4 Potential threatening processes associated with proposed development The NSW Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH 2014) and Commonwealth Department of the Environment (DotE 2014) identify a series of threats to Koala. These are:

 loss, modification and fragmentation of habitat  predation by feral and domestic dogs  intense fires that scorch or kill the tree canopy  road-kills  human-induced climate change, especially drought  disease  other threats to eucalypts such as myrtle rust.

The potential threatening processes of the proposed development were narrowed down to reflect the small size of the study area and include loss and modification of habitat and predation by domestic dogs. All of the other threats have the potential to be operating within the study area, but are unlikely to be influenced by the proposed development, nor can they be ameliorated by the proposed development and therefore are not considered further in this Koala PoM.

2.4.1 Loss modification and fragmentation of habitat Land clearing has been a significant cause of direct Koala mortality and for limiting the movement of Koala within a sub-population. This effect is exacerbated in urban environments where the surrounding matrix is relative hostile with higher densities of roads and dogs exacerbating this effect (DotE 2014 and references therein).

2.4.2 Predation by feral and domestic dogs Dog attacks are a threat to Koala that are closely associated with urban expansion, with exposure to the threat increasing as land adjacent to Koala habitat is developed and occupied (DotE 2014 and references therein).

2.4.3 Road-kills Road-kill is a risk to Koala, particularly in high speed areas such as motorways and main arterial roads. There is the potential that koalas could enter the development area and come in close proximity to vehicles.

Bingara Gorge Koala PoM

3 Koala plan of management

This Koala PoM for Bingara Gorge provides a precautionary approach to safeguard potential Koala habitat by retaining the EP&R Lands which are considered to provide tertiary movement opportunities only. Additionally, the Koala PoM addresses potential indirect impacts imposed by development of a residential area. These safeguards include; ameliorating the threat of dog attack using appropriate fencing, increasing community awareness and minimising impact during construction.

The main threats to Koalas, apart from habitat loss and fragmentation, arise from their interaction with humans and their environment (e.g. domestic pets, traffic, etc). It is therefore a desirable management goal to minimise this interaction where possible.

3.1 Retained native vegetation The layout of the proposed development has been designed to largely avoid areas that contain known Koala food trees as well as likely Koala movement corridors. All vegetation communities within the site are considered to contain known Koala food trees. The proposed action will result in an unavoidable loss of some of these Koala food trees. A total of 33.6 ha of potential foraging habitat is to be removed, with 130.3 to be retained (Figure 3). This loss is mainly restricted to areas of poor quality potential habitat that are often well separated from areas of better quality habitat. This will not result in fragmentation of the onsite potential Koala habitat, or restrict current Koala movement corridors.

The areas of Koala food trees to be removed are of lower quality compared to the higher quality stands of vegetation which are being prioritised for conservation within the EP&R Lands. This habitat to be removed has not shown any usage by Koala and is only considered to present habitat critical to the survival of the species, under the EPBC Act referral guidelines for the vulnerable koala, based largely on Koala feed trees existing throughout the site and wider area, and habitat connectivity of the wider areas – the large majority of which will be retained. This is consistent with the current understanding of the site being important for usage as a fire refuge or tertiary movement corridor but not as a core habitat.

The area to be retained is identified earlier in Figure 3, and represents an area of fire refuge/tertiary movement corridor. Within this area:

 no native vegetation (includes trees, shrubs and grasses) will be cleared for any purpose other than the maintenance of necessary management tracks  no new structures, roads or paths will be built apart from those approved  dogs will not be permitted to roam freely

The retained native vegetation will be managed to maintain and improve on its current high condition. This will include:

 removal of weeds from, and restoration of, disturbed areas  removal of any rubbish from disturbed areas

The proposed development provides a clear separation between residential areas and the EP&R Land which contains the potential Koala habitat. Therefore the key to protecting impacts to the Koala is to appropriately maintain this separation by discouraging movement of Koalas into residential areas and by controlling human activities within the EP&R Land.

Bingara Gorge Koala PoM

3.2 Landscaping within residential areas It is important that landscape plantings within the residential areas do not attract Koalas from the Environmental Area into residential areas. Some of the existing trees within paddock areas will be retained within the development area, and some of these species, such as Forest Red Gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis) are preferentially browsed by Koalas. While these trees should not be removed because of the landscape and general habitat value, no additional Koala staple browse species will be planted within the proposed development footprint. Tree species which are reported to be preferentially browsed by Koala and are to be avoided in landscaping are listed in Table 1.

Table 1: Koala stable browse species (Source: SEPP 44) Scientific Name Common Name Eucalyptus agglomerata Blue-leaved Stringybark Eucalyptus albens White Box Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate Stringybark Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum Eucalyptus chloroclada Dirty Red Gum Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Monkey Gum Eucalyptus globoidea White Stringybark Eucalyptus haemastoma Broad-leaved Scribbly Gum Eucalyptus longifolia Woolybutt Eucalyptus melliodora Yellow Box Eucalyptus microcorys Tallowood Eucalyptus muelleriana Yellow Stringybark Eucalyptus nicholii Small-leafed peppermint Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate Stringybark Eucalyptus parramattensis Drooping Red Gum Eucalyptus pilligaensis Pilliga Box Eucalyptus populnea Bimble Box or Poplar Box Eucalyptus propinqua Small-fruited Grey Gum Eucalyptus punctata Common Grey Gum Eucalyptus resinifera Red Mahogany Eucalyptus robusta Swamp Mahogany Eucalyptus signata Scribbly Gum Eucalyptus tereticornis Forest Red Gum Eucalyptus viminalis Ribbon Gum or Manna Gum .

Bingara Gorge Koala PoM

3.3 EP&R Land Fencing A combination of fencing and discouragement planting of the EP&R boundary is proposed (excluding the golf course interfaces) as it will limit human movement into the conservation area. Fencing will be used to restrict vehicular access to the EP&R land whilst discouragement planting, utilising spikey native species will be undertaken to discourage human access beyond the formal path network.

Koala friendly fencing is to be used so that Koalas are discouraged but not excluded unnecessarily, for example:

 Use of minimal building materials such as post and rail with a minimum gap of 300 mm between rails.  Other fencing material that has holes or gaps of a minimum of 300 mm in diameter, and the first gap is flush with the ground and no more than 400mm from the ground.  If solid fencing material that cannot be climbed by a Koala is used, then a minimum gap of 300 mm between the ground and the bottom of the fence would be constructed to allow Koala to crawl under the fence (QLD Department of Environment and Heritage Protection (DEHP) 2012).

3.4 Threats from domestic dogs Bingara Gorge is a community title development, with the community having an active role in the long term management of the environmental values of the site. The Community Association will implement an appropriate education campaign promoting responsible dog-ownership. This is considered the most effective method of reducing the potential for dog attack on fauna. The education program will encourage and explain the necessity of on-leash dog areas and exclusion areas. Additionally, all public reserves will be effectively signposted regarding dog exercise provisions. Domestic pets will be excluded from the EP&R Lands.

If dogs are to reside within lots adjacent to the EP&R Land, dedicated areas must be created as dog enclosures, where dogs are confined between 6 pm and 6 am, and would need to:

 Use Koala exclusion fencing around the dog’s enclosure (but not the property boundary) to prohibit Koala access to the dog’s area, and  Manage vegetation adjacent to fencing to ensure Koala exclusion effectiveness (i.e. no vegetation within 3 m of fencing, and maintain fence free of vegetation and materials that could be used by Koala to climb) (QLD DEHP 2012).

3.5 Minimising impact during construction Construction sites may pose a direct threat to the safety of Koala in the unlikely event that they enter, due to the potential presence of pits or trenches (particularly if these had filled with groundwater or stormwater).

Temporary fencing that prohibits access to Koala would be required in areas construction areas adjacent to the EP&R Lands, some examples include:

 Fencing material that is climbable, but incorporates a floppy top design that falls to outside the construction area, or smooth metal or perspex sheets of at least 600 mm in width at the top of the fence (including posts and supports). Fence and supports should be on the construction activity side of the fence (QLD DEHP 2012)  Construction activities should be limited to normal construction hours

Bingara Gorge Koala PoM

 No lighting of the construction area should occur at night, when the Koala is active.

3.6 Education Education has a key role to play towards ensuring the long-term survival of the Koala in Australia. Education programs are the principal means by which the community and decision makers can gain a full appreciation of relevant issues and the actions which they can undertake to aid koala conservation. Consequently, relevant groups and agencies need to participate effectively in public education through such measures as school education, raising the profile of koala conservation issues in the media and by making relevant information more accessible through information brochures and publications.

A media campaign will be carried out which will include pamphlet drops to inform the community about the potential Koala habitat within the EP&R Lands. These campaigns should occur during the koala breeding season (August to February). As part of the public awareness campaign the public will be informed on who to contact if they spot a Koala as well as the relevance of the EP&R Land to the species. Owners of dogs will be encouraged to, if becoming aware of a Koala in their property, restrain or confine their dog and notify WIRES. Educational material will also include information on the most suitable breeds of dogs to keep in relation to Koalas and a discussion on the need to drive with caution throughout the community.

Permanent signage will be installed adjacent to pathways and entry roads to the site highlighting the potential presence of koala on the site.

The education components will be ongoing through the Trust appointed to management the EP&R Lands.

3.7 Traffic management Given the sites location in respect to the Hume Highway, it would be impossible to completely eliminate the impacts of roads and traffic on Koala, especially due to the nature of koala movements and home- ranging behaviour and the substantial amount of habitat adjacent or in the vicinity of main roads.

Of the 57 Koala records (Bionet 2015) within 10 km of the site there is one record of a dead individual adjacent to Allens Creek Bridge on the south side of the road (dated 2007). It is assumed that this death is a result of vehicle strike.

Within the site, it is considered very unlikely that there will be conflict between traffic and Koala given the following considerations:

 the site has not presented any evidence of usage by Koala  all retained potential Koala habitat (i.e. the EP&R Land) will be fenced off with rural fencing adjacent to development to discourage access into the residential areas and roads by Koala  Much better, more preferential, Koala habitat exists within the locality

Management strategies presented below aim to increase the application of a precautionary approach to reducing the potential for Koala road strike and to increase driver and community awareness:

 ‘Koala Warning Signs’ dispersed throughout the Bingara Gorge road network consisting of o primary warning sign situated on the Bingara Gorge entry road (being sympathetic to the look/feel of the residential community) o a minimum of four (4) secondary signs will be erected at key locations throughout Bingara Gorge

Bingara Gorge Koala PoM

 all Bingara Gorge roads will have a maximum speed of 50km/hrs  roadside vegetation will be maintained to minimise the height of ground cover and therefore increase the visibility of any roadside fauna

Bingara Gorge Koala PoM

4 Monitoring

4.1 Assessment criteria 1. No vegetation is cleared within the EP&R Land except for the necessary maintenance of management/passive use tracks 2. Vegetation to be monitored for any impacts on the current condition – i.e. introduction of any weeds will be rectified and vegetation restored where deemed necessary, dumped rubbish removed etc 3. Exclusion fencing is used to keep Koala from entering construction areas 4. Property boundary fencing is maintained 5. Evidence of community education – including signage and pamphlet drops 6. Dog confinement fencing (if used in the future) must exclude Koala and be situated on the property as per Section Error! Reference source not found. 7. Construction activities, future fencing, education, traffic management and future dog confinement are undertaken as per Section 3.

4.2 Monitoring of plan implementation The Trust appointed to manage the EP&R Lands will be responsible for implementing the monitoring which will support this plan of management, as well as other environmental management objectives for the EP&R Lands.

Regulators should assess the implementation of the Koala PoM against the above assessment criteria to ensure the plan is being upheld at the following stages:

 Prior to the commencement of construction activities (stage by stage basis), to ensure appropriate Koala exclusion can occur from the construction zone  Prior to receipt of the Occupation Certificate for the proposed development  Prior to commencement of future development proposals  Periodic inspections as required by regulators in accordance with any overarching conditions to approvals

Bingara Gorge Koala PoM

References

Australian Koala Foundation. 2003. Campbelltown City Council Draft Comprehensive Koala Plan of Management, Part 1: The CKPoM. Prepared for CCC under SEPP 44 by Australian Koala Foundation with CCC.

Campbelltown City Council (CCC) 2014. Request for Additional Information Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000 – Clause 54. Development Application 1991/2014/DA-M. Letter from CCC to Accurate Design & Drafting, 24 December 2014.

Campbelltown City Council (CCC) 2015. Media release – New signs urge motorists to ‘Watch out – koalas about!’http://www.campbelltown.nsw.gov.au/NewsignsurgemotoriststoWatchoutkoalasabout

Campbelltown (Sustainable City) Development Control Plan (DCP) 2014. http://www.campbelltown.nsw.gov.au/CampbelltownSustainableCityDevelopmentControlPlan2014 Accessed 4 March 2015.

Crowther, M., D. Lunney, J. Lemon, E. Stalenberg, R. Wheeler, G. Madani, K. Ross & M. Ellis 2013. Climate-mediated habitat selection in an arboreal folivore. Ecography. 36:001-008.

DECC [Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW] 2008. Recovery plan for the koala (Phascolartos cinereus). Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW, Sydney.

Department of Planning 1995. State Environmental Planning Policy No. 44 – Koala Habitat Protection. Circular No. B35. Department of Planning, Sydney.

DotE [Commonwealth Department of the Environment] 2014. Phascolarctos cinereus (Koala) Species Profile and Threats Database. Accessed 22 July 2014. http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi- bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=85104

ELA [Eco Logical Australia] 2014. Kentlyn 127 Georges River Road Flora and Fauna Assessment. Prepared for Julie Wilson.

Harris Environmental Consulting 2014. Bushfire Hazard Assessment for Proposed Dwelling and Granny Flat at 127 Georges River Road, Kentlyn. Prepared for J. Wilson.

NSW Rural Fire Service 2014. 10/50 Vegetation Clearing Code of Practice for New South Wales. NSW Rural Fire Service, Lidcombe.

Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) 2014. Threatened Species Profiles Threatened Species Profiles http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/index.aspx [Accessed 4 June 2014].

QLD Department of Environment and Heritage Protection (DEHP) 2012. Koala-sensitive Design Guideline – A guide to koala-sensitive design measures for planning and development activities, November 2012.

Ward, S. and Close, R. 2004. Southern Sydney’s Urban Koalas: Community Research and Education at Campbelltown. In ‘Urban Wildlife: More than Meets the Eye’. Eds D. Lunney & S. Burgin). Pp. 44 – 54. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales.

Bingara Gorge Koala PoM

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