MARINE PLANKTON A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO ECOLOGY, METHODOLOGY, AND TAXONOMY 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK

Claudia Castellani | --- | --- | --- | 9780199233267 | --- | --- Population Genomics of Marine Zooplankton | SpringerLink

OSO version 0. University Press Scholarship Online. Sign in. Not registered? Sign up. Publications Pages Publications Pages. Recently viewed 0 Save Search. Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content. Marine Plankton: A practical guide to ecology, methodology, and taxonomy Claudia Castellani and Martin Edwards Abstract A thorough understanding of planktonic organisms is the first step towards a real appreciation of the diversity, biology, and ecological importance of marine life. More A thorough understanding of planktonic organisms is the first step towards a real appreciation of the diversity, biology, and ecological importance of marine life. Authors Affiliations are at time of print publication. Show Summary Details. Subscriber Login Email Address. Password Please enter your Password. Library Card Please enter your library card number. View: no detail some detail full detail. Chapter 1 The Marine Environment N. Penny Holliday and Stephanie Henson. Chapter 3 Phytoplankton Productivity John Raven. Chapter 4 Zooplankton Productivity Andrew G. Chapter 8 Plankton and Fisheries Keith Brander. Section II Methodology. Wiebe, Ann Bucklin, and Mark Benfield. Part 1 Phytoplankton. Part 2 Zooplankton. Ctenophora Priscilla Licandro and Dhugal J. Crustacea: Branchiopoda Claudia Castellani. Jonas Crustacea: Euphausiacea, J. Lindley Anellida: holoplanktonic Polychaeta, C. Castellani and R. Camp Mollusca: holoplanktonic molluscs, S. Lischka and H. Pierrot-Bults Echinodermata, D. Conway, C. Castellani, and E. Southward Bryozoa, J. Fuchs and J. Bishop Brachiopoda, J. Fuchs Phoronida, J. Fuchs Rotifera, D. Conway and C. Castellani Chordata: Thaliacea, P. Licandro and M. Brunetta Chordata: Appendicularia, G. Gorsky and C. Castellani Chordata: Fish eggs and larvae, P. Munk and J. Her main research interest is the taxonomy, ecology and physiology of zooplanktonic organisms. Martin Edwards is an internationally recognised marine scientist whose primary research interest is in how climate and environmental change impacts on marine ecosystems. He and his colleagues were the first to demonstrate marine biodiversity distributional and phenological changes and whole ecosystem regime shifts in response to climate change. He has written over publications including peer-reviewed papers, book chapters and policy related reports and assessments. As well as contributing to high level science he has considerable knowledge in transferring science into policy and was instrumental in bringing an applied ecological indicator approach to monitoring the marine environment which has subsequently been widely adopted. Deutsch English. We're still open for business - read our Brexit statement here. Prothero Michael J. Benton Richard Fortey View All. British Wildlife. Weiter zu British Wildlife. Conservation Land Management. Weiter zu Conservation Land Management. Publisher: Oxford University Press. Click to have a closer look. About this book Contents Customer reviews Biography Related titles. Images Additional images. About this book A thorough understanding of planktonic organisms is the first step towards a real appreciation of the diversity, biology, and ecological importance of marine life. Nielsen Customer Reviews Review this book. Current promotions. More Info. Rocky Shores. Handbook of Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises. The Essential Guide to Rockpooling. Shark Biology and Conservation. Marine Wildlife of the Mediterranean. Europe's Sea Mammals. Sea Squirts and Sponges of Britain and Ireland. Guide to Bryozoans and Hydroids of Britain and Ireland. Other titles from OUP. Plant Evolution in the Mediterranean. A Field Guide to the Birds of China. Essential Ornithology. The Sensory Ecology of Birds. Britain Begins. Alfred Russel Wallace. Freshwater Ecology and Conservation. The Humans Who Went Extinct. Effects of Climate Change on Birds. Browse titles from OUP. Register No. Willkommen bei. Bestellen Sie jetzt in Euro auf nhbs. Marine Plankton - Claudia Castellani; Martin Edwards - Oxford University Press

Brunetta C. Buckland A. Bucklin R. Camp C. Castellani D. Conway J. Decelle M. Edwards H. Esson A. Fischer J. Fuchs E. Goberville G. Gorsky S. Henson A. Hirst N. Holliday A. John T. Jonas A. Kraberg M. Lehtiniemi P. Licandro J. Lindley D. Lindsay S. Lischka K. Meland K. Metfies P. Munk J. Nielsen F. Not H. Pierrot-Bults J. Raven C. Robinson S. Sadri A. Southward D. Casey, J. Intersex and Littorina littorea in Cork Harbour: results of a medium-term monitoring programme. Chandrasekara, W. A laboratory assessment of the survival and vertical movement of two epibenthic gastropod species, Hydrobia ulvae , Pennant and Littorina littorea Linnaeus , after burial in sediment. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , , Davies, M. Role of mucus trails and trail-following in the behaviour and nutrition of the periwinkle Littorina littorea Marine Ecology Progress Series , , Deutsch, U. Effects of tributyltin TBT and testosterone on the female genital system in the mesogastropod Littorina littorea Prosobranchia. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen , 50 , English, T. Gene up-regulation in response to anoxia or freezing stresses in the marine snail, Littorina littorea. Erlandsson, J. Sexual selection on female size in a marine snail, Littorina littorea. Trail following, speed and fractal dimension of movement in a marine prosobranch, Littorina littorea in a mating and a non-mating season. Fish, J. The breeding cycle and growth of open coast and estuarine populations of Littorina littorea. A student's guide to the seashore. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fox, R. Littorina littorea : invertebrate anatomy. Fretter, V. British prosobranch molluscs: their functional anatomy and ecology , revised and updated edition. London: The Ray Society. Gardner, J. Growth and production of a Littorina littorea L. Ophelia , 27 , Gendron, R. Habitat selection and migratory behaviour of the intertidal gastropod Littorina littorea L. Journal of Animal Ecology , 46 , Graham, A. British Prosobranchs. London: Academic Press. Hayes, F. The effect of environmental factors on the development and growth of Littorina littorea. Hayward, P. Collins pocket guide. Sea shore of Britain and northern Europe. London: HarperCollins. Handbook of the marine fauna of North- West Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Howson, C. The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. Belfast: Ulster Museum. Jacobs, R. Effects of the Amoco Cadiz oil spill on the seagrass community at Roscoff with special reference to the benthic infauna. Marine Ecology Progress Series , 2 , Langston, W. Evaluation of the significance of metal-binding proteins in the gastropod Littorina littorea. Marine Biology , 92 , MacDonald, J. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase: role in anoxia and freezing tolerance of the marine periwinkle Littorina littorea. Marine Biology , , Plymouth Marine Fauna. Mouritsen, K. Influence of trematode infections on in situ growth rates of Littorina littorea. Newell, G. Marine Plankton. A Practical Guide. The behaviour of Littorina littorea L. Oehlmann, J. Imposex in Nucella lapillus and intersex in Littorina littorea : interspecific comparison of two TBT- induced effects and their geographical uniformity. Ponder, W. Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs: an analysis using morphological characters. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , , Rosso, G. Patterns of color polymorphism in the intertidal snail Littorina littorea in the Race Rocks marine protected area. Rutherford, R. Periwinkle: environment habitat quality. Taylor, J. Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca. Yamada, S. Geographic variation in the growth rates of Littorina littorea and Littorina saxatilis. Marine Biology , 96 , Bristol Regional Environmental Records Centre, BRERC species records recorded over 15 years ago. Centre for Environmental Data and Recording, Miscellaneous records held on the Cofnod database. Mollusc marine data for Great Britain and Ireland - restricted access. Mollusc marine data for Great Britain and Ireland. Fenwick, Fife Nature Records Centre, St Andrews BioBlitz Kent Wildlife Trust, Biological survey of the intertidal chalk reefs between Folkestone Warren and Kingsdown, Kent Lancashire Environment Record Network, LERN Records. Manx Biological Recording Partnership, Isle of Man historical wildlife records to Merseyside BioBank. Merseyside BioBank unverified. Merseyside BioBank Active Naturalists unverified. National Trust, National Trust Species Records. Norfolk Biodiversity Information Service, Global map of species distribution using gridded data. Available from: Ocean Biogeographic Information System. Accessed: Outer Hebrides Biological Recording, Invertebrates except insects , Outer Hebrides. Dr Mary Gillham Archive Project. Suffolk Biodiversity Information Service. The Wildlife Information Centre, Yorkshire Wildlife Trust, Yorkshire Wildlife Trust Shoresearch. This review can be cited as: Jackson, A. Littorina littorea Common periwinkle. In Tyler-Walters H. What's New? Learning Zone. Sealife survey. UK Biodiversity Action Plan habitats. MarESA Data extract. Evidence based resources and tools. Activity gallery. Traits resources. Littorina littorea in a rock crevice. Littorina littorea showing its withdrawn operculum. Edible periwinkle Littorina littorea on sheltered vertical rock at Millport, Firth of Clyde. Lone Littorina littorea viewed from above. Three Littorina littorea on intertidal rock with limpets, barnacles and weed. Three Littorina littorea on rock under water at high tide. Summary Description This the largest British periwinkle, with the shell reaching a maximum height of 52 mm. Habitat Littorina littorea is widely distributed on rocky coasts, in all except the most exposed areas, from the upper shore into the sublittoral. In sheltered conditions they can also be found in sandy or muddy habitats such as estuaries and mud-flats. The species is fairly tolerant of brackish water. Depth range 60m. Identifying features Shell solid, with 5 or 6 slightly tumid whorls; sutures shallow. Spire prominent, pointed up to maximum height of 52 mm. Shell smooth, especially in older specimens, but has prosocline growth lines and numerous, slight spiral ridges. Outer lip of aperture tangential to body whorl; inner lip thick, reflected over base of columella; no spout or canal interrupts the apertural edge. Generally black or dark grey-brown in colour, often lighter towards apex, with dark spiral lines. Columella white. Cephalic tentacles rather flat and broad, with many transverse black stripes. Additional information Also commonly known as the 'edible periwinkle'. Listed by - none -. Biology Typical abundance Moderate density Male size range Male size at maturity mm Female size range mm Female size at maturity Growth form Turbinate Growth rate 0. Sociability Environmental position Epifaunal Dependency Independent. Supports Host Trematodes such as Cryptocotyle lingua , Himasthla leptosoma , Renicola roscovita and Ceracaria lebourae. Is the species harmful? Biology information Size and growth rate measurements apply to shell height. However, the lower limit is poorly defined and will depend on factors such as predation, latitude etc. Therefore, the species may be found in the infra- and circalittoral zones. However, in deeper water the species is only found as isolated individuals in very low densities. At least in northern Britain Littorina littorea migrates down shore as temperatures fall in autumn to reduce exposure to sub-zero temperatures and up shore as temperatures rise in spring; migration depends on local winter temperatures. When exposed to the air, the species usually remains inactive unless conditions are very moist. Life history Adult characteristics Reproductive type Gonochoristic dioecious Reproductive frequency Annual episodic Fecundity number of eggs 10,, Generation time years Age at maturity years. Life history information This species can breed throughout the year but the length and timing of the breeding period are extremely dependent on climatic conditions. Also, estuaries provide a more nutritious environment than the open coast Fish, Sexes are separate, and fertilisation is internal. Littorina littorea sheds egg capsules directly into the sea. Egg capsules are about 1mm across and each biconvex capsule can contain up to nine eggs but normally there are only two or three eggs per capsule. Egg release is synchronized with spring tides. In estuaries the population matures earlier in the year and maximum spawning occurs in January. Fecundity value is up to , for a large female 27mm shell height per year. Eggs are released on several separate occasions. Female fecundity increases with size. Population Genomics of Marine Zooplankton | SpringerLink

New York:Wiley. National wetland inventory and assessment-high altitude Himalayan Lakes: national wetland inventory and assessment. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. Jack, J. Effects of Daphnia on microzooplankton communities. Journal of Plankton Research, 16 , — Jeppesen, E. Trophic structure, species richness and biodiversity in Danish lakes: changes along a phosphorus gradient. Freshwater Biology, 45 , — The influence of the spatial structure of hydromacrophytes and differentiating habitat on the structure of rotifer and cladoceran communities. Lair, N. Abiotic vs. In Rotifera X pp. Lathrop, R. Water clarity in Lake Mendota since responses to differing levels of nutrients and herbivory. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 53 , — MacIsaac, H. Discrimination between exploitative and interference competition between Cladocera and Keratella cochlearis. Ecology, 72 , — Matsubara, T. Rotifer community structure in the south basin of Lake Biwa. Nagdali, S. Impact of mass mortality of a mosquito fish, Gambusia affinison the ecology of a fresh water eutrophic lake Lake Naini Tal, India. Hydrobiologia, , 45— Influence of rapid changes in salinity and temperature on the mobility of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Hydrobiologia, , 81— Pejler, B. Zooplanktic indicators of trophy and their food. In Forest water ecosystems pp. Pennak, R. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States. New York: Ronald. Pereira, R. Assessing the trophic state of Linhos lake: a first step towards ecological rehabilitation. Journal of Environmental Management, 64 , — Pollard, A. Effects of turbidity and biotic factors on the rotifer community in an Ohio reservoir. Ricci, C. The biology and ecology of lotic rotifers and gastrotrichs. Freshwater Biology, 44 , 15— Ruttner- Kolisko, A. Plankton rotifers: biology and taxonomy. Sampaio, E. Composition and abundance of zooplankton in the limnetic zone of seven reservoirs of the Paranapanema River, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 62 , — Scheffer, M. Alternative equilibria in shallow lakes. Shannon, C. The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Simpson, E. Measurement of diversity. Nature, , Rotifers as indicators of water quality. Snell, T. Rotifers in ecotoxicology: a review. In Rotifera VII, pp. Assessing the status of rotifer mass cultures. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 18 , — Valdiya, K. Geology and natural environment of Nainital Hills of Kumaon Himalaya. Nainital: Gyanodaya Prakashan. Vreca, P. Changes in accumulation of organic matter and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in sediments of two Slovenian mountain lakes Lake Ledvica and Lake Planina , induced by eutrophication changes. Limnology and Oceanography, 51 , — Water quality monitoring. A practical guide to the design and implementation of freshwater quality studies and monitoring programmes. Wallace, R. Crustacea: Amphipoda, in : Castellani, C. Crustacea: Euphausiacea, in : Castellani, C. Anellida: holoplanktonic Polychaeta, in : Castellani, C. Mollusca: holoplanktonic molluscs, in : Castellani, C. Chaetognatha, in : Castellani, C. Echinodermata, in : Castellani, C. Bryozoa, in : Castellani, C. Brachiopoda, in : Castellani, C. Phoronida, in : Castellani, C. Rotifera, in : Castellani, C. Chordata: Thaliacea, in : Castellani, C. Chordata: Appendicularia, in : Castellani, C. Chordata: Fish eggs and larvae, in : Castellani, C. A thorough understanding of planktonic organisms is the first step towards a real appreciation of the diversity, biology, and ecological importance of marine life. A detailed knowledge of their distribution and community composition is particularly important since these organisms are often very delicate and sensitive to change, and can be used as early indicators of environmental change. Natural and man-induced modification of the environment can affect both the distribution and composition of plankton, with important ecological and economic impacts. Marine Plankton provides a practical guide to plankton biology with a large geographic coverage spanning the North Sea to the north-eastern Atlantic coast of the USA and Canada. The book is divided into three sections: an overview of plankton ecology, an assessment of methodology in plankton research covering sampling, preservation, and counting of samples, and a taxonomic guide richly illustrated with detailed line drawings to aid identification. Evol Appl. Regime shifts in marine ecosystems: detection, prediction and management. Antarctic krill population genomics: apparent panmixia, but genome complexity and large population size muddy the water. Plasticity of animal genome architecture unmasked by rapid evolution of a pelagic tunicate. Strain-specific vital rates in four Acartia tonsa cultures, I: strain origin, genetic differentiation and egg survivorship. Dufresne F, Jeffery N. A guided tour of large genome size in animals: what we know and where we are heading. Chromosom Res. Edmands S. Phylogeography of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus reveals substantially reduced population differentiation at northern latitudes. Ekblom R, Galindo J. Applications of next generation sequencing in molecular ecology of non-model organisms. Ellegren H. Genome sequencing and population genomics in non-model organisms. The C-value enigma and the evolution of eukaryotic genome content. A robust, simple genotyping-by-sequencing GBS approach for high diversity species. Innate and acquired variation of nuclear DNA contents of marine copepods. Arlequin suite ver 3. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Evolutionary history of chemosensory-related gene families across the arthropoda. Mol Biol Evol. Climate variability and possible effects on Arctic food chains: the role of Calanus. In: Arctic apline ecosystems and people in a changing environment. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; Faure E, Casanova JP. Comparison of chaetognath mitochondrial genomes and phylogenetical implications. A gene-based SNP resource and linkage map for the copepod Tigriopus californicus. Foll M, Gaggiotti O. A genome-scan method to identify selected loci appropriate for both dominant and codominant markers: a Bayesian perspective. In search of phylogeographic patterns in the northeastern Atlantic and adjacent seas. In: Evolutionary biology: genome evolution, speciation, coevolutions and origin of life. Cham: Springer; Detecting polygenic selection in marine populations by combining population genomics and quantitative genetics approaches. Using neutral, selected, and hitchhiker loci to assess connectivity of marine populations in the genomic era. Seascape genetics along a steep cline: using genetic patterns to test predictions of marine larval dispersal. Reference-free population genomics from next-generation transcriptome data and the vertebrate-invertebrate gap. PLoS Genet. Genome 10K Community of Scientists. Genome 10K: a proposal to obtain whole-genome sequence for vertebrate species. J Hered. Goetze E. Global population genetic structure and biogeography of the oceanic copepods Eucalanus hyalinus and E. Goetze E, Ohman MD. Integrated molecular and morphological biogeography of the calanoid copepod family Eucalanidae. Temporal stability of genetic structure in a mesopelagic copepod. Gregory TR. Animal genome size databse. Accessed 20 Jun The modulation of DNA content: proximate causes and ultimate consequences. Genome Res. Evolutionary implications of the relationship between genome size and body size in flatworms and copepods. Reconstructing mitochondrial genomes directly from genomic next-generation sequencing reads — a baiting and iterative mapping approach. Nucleic Acids Res. Landscape genetics goes to sea. J Biol. Here we are, but where do we go? A systematic review of crustacean transcriptomic studies from — Integr Comp Biol. Distributions of Calanus spp. Hedrick PW. Genetic polymorphism in heterogeneous environments: the age of genomics. The mitochondrial genome of Paraspadella gotoi is highly reduced and reveals that chaetognaths are a sister group to protostomes. Hellberg ME. Gene flow and isolation among populations of marine animals. Application of SNPs for population genetics of nonmodel organisms: new opportunities and challenges. Population genomics of marine fishes: next generation prospects and challenges. Biol Bull. Hessen DO, Persson J. Genome size as a determinant of growth and life-history traits in crustaceans. Biol J Linn Soc. Hirai J, Tsuda A. Metagenetic community analysis of epipelagic planktonic copepods in the tropical and subtropical pacific. Extensive genetic diversity and endemism across the global range of the oceanic copepod Pleuromamma abdominalis. Genome-wide in situ exon capture for selective resequencing. Nat Genet. Complete mitochondrial genome of the jellyfish, Chrysaora quinquecirrha Cnidaria, Scyphozoa. Mitochondrial DNA. The i5K initiative: advancing arthropod genomics for knowledge, human health, agriculture, and the environment. Limnol Oceanogr. Genetics of Antarctic krill. In: Siegel V, editor. Biology and ecology of Antarctic krill, Advances in polar ecology. Jeffery NW. The first genome size estimates for six species of krill Malacostraca, Euphausiidae : large genomes at the north and south poles. Genome size diversity and evolution in the crustacea. Guelph: University of Guelph; The genome sizes of ostracod crustaceans correlate with body size and evolutionary history, but not environment. Recommended feeding regime and light climate in live feed cultures of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa Dana. Aquac Int. A transcriptome resource for the Antarctic pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica. Targeted capture in evolutionary and ecological genomics. Rapid evolutionary rates and unique genomic signatures discovered in the first reference genome for the southern ocean salp, Salpa thompsoni Urochordata, Thaliacea. Genome Biol Evol. The complete mitochondrial genome of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus sp. Copepoda, Harpactidae from Korea and phylogenetic considerations. J Exp Mar Bio Ecol. The genome of the Antarctic-endemic copepod, Tigriopus kingsejongensis. Evolution of linear mitochondrial genomes in medusozoan cnidarians. Phylogeography of the copepod Tigriopus japonicus along the Northwest Pacific rim. Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Arctic gammarid, Onisimus nanseni Crustacea; Amphipoda : novel gene structures and unusual control region features. Complete mitochondrial genome of the northern mauxia shrimp Acetes chinensis Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata, Sergestoidae. The complete mitochondrial genome of Arctic Calanus hyperboreus Copepoda, Calanoida reveals characteristic patterns in calanoid mitochondrial genome. Identification of xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism-related genes in the copepod Tigriopus japonicus whole transcriptome analysis. De novo assembly and annotation of the marine mysid Neomysis awatschensis transcriptome. Knowles LL. Statistical phylogeography. A transcriptomic analysis of the response of the arctic pteropod Limacina helicina to carbon dioxide-driven seawater acidification. Rapid evolution of the compact and unusual mitochondrial genome in the ctenophore, Pleurobrachia bachei. Low cost sequencing of mitogenomes from museum samples using baits capture and ion torrent. Conserv Genet Resour. Population connectivity: recent advances and new perspectives. Landsc Ecol. Kuriyama M, Nishida S. Species diversity and niche-partitioning in the pelagic copepods of the family Scolecitrichidae Calanoida. Evolution in the deep sea: biological traits, ecology and phylogenetics of pelagic copepods. Gene expression patterns and stress response in marine copepods. Mar Environ Res. The correlation of genome size and DNA methylation rate in metazoans. Theory Biosci. RNA-seq based whole transcriptome analysis of the cyclopoid copepod Paracyclopina nana focusing on xenobiotics metabolism. Lee CE. Evolutionary mechanisms of habitat invasions, using the copepod Eurytemora affinis as a model system. Lee JS. BioProject Acc. Direct Submission b. Inter- and intraspecific variation in body- and genome size in calanoid copepods from temperate and arctic waters. De novo assembly of a transcriptome for Calanus finmarchicus crustacea, copepoda — the dominant zooplankter of the North Atlantic Ocean. Leray M, Knowlton N. Censusing marine eukaryotic diversity in the twenty-first century. Conceptual bases for quantifying the role of the environment on gene evolution: the participation of positive selection and neutral evolution. Biol Rev. Hypothesis for origin of planktonic patchiness. A thioredoxin from Antarctic microcrustacean Euphausia superba : cloning and functional characterization. Fish Shellfish Immunol.

Marine Plankton: A Practical Guide to Ecology, Methodology, and Taxonomy - Google Books

Recently viewed 0 Save Search. Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content. Marine Plankton: A practical guide to ecology, methodology, and taxonomy Claudia Castellani and Martin Edwards Abstract A thorough understanding of planktonic organisms is the first step towards a real appreciation of the diversity, biology, and ecological importance of marine life. More A thorough understanding of planktonic organisms is the first step towards a real appreciation of the diversity, biology, and ecological importance of marine life. Authors Affiliations are at time of print publication. Show Summary Details. Subscriber Login Email Address. Password Please enter your Password. Library Card Please enter your library card number. View: no detail some detail full detail. Chapter 1 The Marine Environment N. Penny Holliday and Stephanie Henson. Chapter 3 Phytoplankton Productivity John Raven. Chapter 4 Zooplankton Productivity Andrew G. Chapter 8 Plankton and Fisheries Keith Brander. Section II Methodology. Wiebe, Ann Bucklin, and Mark Benfield. Part 1 Phytoplankton. Part 2 Zooplankton. Ctenophora Priscilla Licandro and Dhugal J. Crustacea: Branchiopoda Claudia Castellani. Crustacea: Cirripedia and Facetotecta Eve C. Crustacea: Ostracoda Martin V. Angel and Anthony W. Lindley, and Antonina Dos Santos. Lindley, David V. Conway, and Antonina dos Santos. LERN Records. Manx Biological Recording Partnership, Isle of Man historical wildlife records to Merseyside BioBank. Merseyside BioBank unverified. Merseyside BioBank Active Naturalists unverified. National Trust, National Trust Species Records. Norfolk Biodiversity Information Service, Global map of species distribution using gridded data. Available from: Ocean Biogeographic Information System. Accessed: Outer Hebrides Biological Recording, Invertebrates except insects , Outer Hebrides. Dr Mary Gillham Archive Project. Suffolk Biodiversity Information Service. The Wildlife Information Centre, Yorkshire Wildlife Trust, Yorkshire Wildlife Trust Shoresearch. This review can be cited as: Jackson, A. Littorina littorea Common periwinkle. In Tyler-Walters H. What's New? Learning Zone. Sealife survey. UK Biodiversity Action Plan habitats. MarESA Data extract. Evidence based resources and tools. Activity gallery. Traits resources. Littorina littorea in a rock crevice. Littorina littorea showing its withdrawn operculum. Edible periwinkle Littorina littorea on sheltered vertical rock at Millport, Firth of Clyde. Lone Littorina littorea viewed from above. Three Littorina littorea on intertidal rock with limpets, barnacles and weed. Three Littorina littorea on rock under water at high tide. Summary Description This the largest British periwinkle, with the shell reaching a maximum height of 52 mm. Habitat Littorina littorea is widely distributed on rocky coasts, in all except the most exposed areas, from the upper shore into the sublittoral. In sheltered conditions they can also be found in sandy or muddy habitats such as estuaries and mud-flats. The species is fairly tolerant of brackish water. Depth range 60m. Identifying features Shell solid, with 5 or 6 slightly tumid whorls; sutures shallow. Spire prominent, pointed up to maximum height of 52 mm. Shell smooth, especially in older specimens, but has prosocline growth lines and numerous, slight spiral ridges. Outer lip of aperture tangential to body whorl; inner lip thick, reflected over base of columella; no spout or canal interrupts the apertural edge. Generally black or dark grey-brown in colour, often lighter towards apex, with dark spiral lines. Columella white. Cephalic tentacles rather flat and broad, with many transverse black stripes. Additional information Also commonly known as the 'edible periwinkle'. Listed by - none -. Biology Typical abundance Moderate density Male size range Male size at maturity mm Female size range mm Female size at maturity Growth form Turbinate Growth rate 0. Sociability Environmental position Epifaunal Dependency Independent. Supports Host Trematodes such as Cryptocotyle lingua , Himasthla leptosoma , Renicola roscovita and Ceracaria lebourae. Is the species harmful? Biology information Size and growth rate measurements apply to shell height. However, the lower limit is poorly defined and will depend on factors such as predation, latitude etc. Therefore, the species may be found in the infra- and circalittoral zones. However, in deeper water the species is only found as isolated individuals in very low densities. At least in northern Britain Littorina littorea migrates down shore as temperatures fall in autumn to reduce exposure to sub-zero temperatures and up shore as temperatures rise in spring; migration depends on local winter temperatures. When exposed to the air, the species usually remains inactive unless conditions are very moist. Life history Adult characteristics Reproductive type Gonochoristic dioecious Reproductive frequency Annual episodic Fecundity number of eggs 10,, Generation time years Age at maturity years. Life history information This species can breed throughout the year but the length and timing of the breeding period are extremely dependent on climatic conditions. Also, estuaries provide a more nutritious environment than the open coast Fish, Sexes are separate, and fertilisation is internal. Littorina littorea sheds egg capsules directly into the sea. Egg capsules are about 1mm across and each biconvex capsule can contain up to nine eggs but normally there are only two or three eggs per capsule. Egg release is synchronized with spring tides. In estuaries the population matures earlier in the year and maximum spawning occurs in January. Fecundity value is up to , for a large female 27mm shell height per year. Eggs are released on several separate occasions. Female fecundity increases with size. Larval settling time or pelagic phase can be up to six weeks. Males prefer to breed with larger, more fecund females. Parasitism by trematodes may cause sterility. Increase in suspended sediment. Decrease in suspended sediment. Increase in emergence regime. Decrease in emergence regime. Increase in water flow rate. Decrease in water flow rate. Increase in temperature. Decrease in temperature. Increase in turbidity. Decrease in turbidity. Increase in wave exposure. Decrease in wave exposure. Visual presence. Heavy metal contamination. Hydrocarbon contamination. Radionuclide contamination. Changes in nutrient levels. Increase in salinity. Decrease in salinity. Changes in oxygenation. Introduction of non-native species. Extraction of this species. Extraction of other species. Additional information. Importance information Littorina littorea is often the dominant grazing gastropod on the lower shore. The species has been suggested as a highly suitable bioindicator species for contamination of the marine environment. This stems mainly from its ability to accumulate trace elements and compounds and consequential behavioural changes. Bibliography Bauer, B. Campbell, A. Seashores and shallow seas of Britain and Europe. London: Hamlyn. Hydrobiologia , , Ponder, W. Reid, D. Systematics and evolution of Littorina. The Ray Society, London. Accessed: Outer Hebrides Biological Recording, Citation This review can be cited as: Jackson, A. IMAGES and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own terms and conditions and they may or may not be available for reuse. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are detailed under our terms and conditions. Based on a work at www. Characteristic feeding method. Environmental position. Host Trematodes such as Cryptocotyle lingua , Himasthla leptosoma , Renicola roscovita and Ceracaria lebourae. Physiographic preferences. Biological zone preferences. Tidal strength preferences. Moderately Strong 1 to 3 knots 0. Reproductive frequency. Substratum loss. The species is epifaunal so loss of the substratum would also result in loss of the population. The species is widespread and often common or abundant. Adults are slow crawlers so active immigration of snails is unlikely. Recolonization may occur through rafting of adults on floating wood or weed. The eggs and larvae form the main mode of dispersal. Littorina littorea is an iteroparous breeder with high fecundity that lives for several at least 4 years. Breeding can occur throughout the year. The planktonic larval stage is long up to 6 weeks although larvae do tend to remain in waters close to the shore. Recolonization, recruitment and recovery rates should be high. Smothering by 5 cm of sediment is highly likely to cause death. If the sediment is well oxygenated and fluid as with high water, high silt content snails may be able to move back up through the sediment. Increases in siltation for a year may have some influence in changing substratum type and removing available habitat such as nooks and crevices. If habitat type is no longer optimal then the snail population may decrease. Recruitment and recovery rates should be high. The species is typically intertidal and in ideal conditions may be found up to the high tide level. During exposure to the air, feeding and locomotion are halted unless conditions are very damp. The species is tolerant of long periods several hours of exposure to the air. For longer periods of exposure to desiccating influences, a dried mucus seal forms around the shell aperture reducing evaporation. Littorina littorea has the ability to determine its position on the shore relative to the preferred zone, can orient itself in this direction and move into more suitable conditions. It demonstrates behavioural adaptations to desiccation, seeking out damp crevices and forming gregarious aggregations to reduce evaporative loss. The species has the ability to determine its position on the shore relative to the preferred zone, can orient itself in this direction, is mobile, and demonstrates behavioural adaptations to avoid the increased risk of desiccation resulting from increased emergence. Conversely decreased emergence will extend the species range further up the shore. Changes in emergence regime may affect the extent and abundance of the macroalgae on which Littorina littorea feeds. However, this species can consume a wide variety of algal species and it unlikely to be adversely affected by changes in emergence at the benchmark level. The species is found in areas with water flow rates from negligible to strong. Increases in water flow rates above 6 knots may cause snails in less protected locations e. Decreases in flow rate are not likely to have any effect. Littorina littorea is a hardy intertidal species and can tolerate long periods of exposure to the air and consequently wide variations in temperature. In colder conditions an active migration may occur down the shore to a zone where exposure time to the air and hence time in freezing temperatures is less. Long term chronic temperature decreases may slow down growth. In restricted laboratory conditions, high temperatures have been observed to cause death. In the British Isles sea water temperatures do not get this high. The species distribution extends south from the British Isles where temperatures are higher. Normal metabolic rate can be re-established rapidly on return to better conditions.

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