EKHT PISES THIS WEEK!
Anarchism Today • Smoking Pot - Conscription Anarchist Weekly# Irish Labourers in Britain - Che Guevara
‘ MARCH 8 1969 Vol 30 No Picture® of Revolution - Little Mags Ford Woikeis Resist Slavery rPHE FORD MOTOR COMPANY forgot the 45,000 Ford workers who accepted it! But how w®> he produce cars—nor do Trade Union ‘heroes’ faced with a High Court wants to staff its factories with were to be the victims. To everyone’s said, ‘our membersare oil °n strike leaders. Only car workers do that, action. The struggle has been (or is 45,000 ‘happy’ slaves. That is the amazement the victims wouldn’t go against it’. and it is they who must decide which likely to be) transferred from Dagen meaning of the ‘ball and chain’ willingly to the chopping block. Ford’s were furious and promptly way the struggle must go. ham and Halewood to the buffoonery agreement which has stopped all Instead they revolted. They stopped went to the Law for help. They got But unfortunately the decision is of the Law Courts. Ford plants in Britain. work (first in Halewood and then in an injunction to restrain the Unions not likely to be left to the workers. The ‘left’ political parties and The Company is prepared to pay all other Ford plants), demanding from extending the strike. Their Thanks to all those who have groups are once more engaged in the higher wages, give a holiday bonus, that the agreement be scrapped in claim that the Unions must now in clamoured to have the strike made game of building ‘leaders’ for the and even ‘lay-off’ pay should produc favour of a straightforward wage in struct their members to go back to official, Hugh Scanlon and Jack workers to follow. Cousins yester tion be stopped through strikes in crease without any penalty clauses work is still being decided in the Jones are now in control. From be day, Scanlon today. The process is the plants of Ford suppliers. In whatsoever. High Court as we write. But if the ing tuppenny-halfpenny little bureau never-ending and, as it always has return for this they demand There was the Ford Motor Com workers remain solid it doesn’t crats whose pleasant way of life was before, this game will end with the ABSOLUTE OBEDIENCE FROM pany with its agreement duly signed matter a damn which way the judge so rudely shattered by the Ford defeat of the workers involved. FORD WORKERS. Should any by the Unions . . . and with most of ment goes. Legal judgements don’t strike, they have now become J.L. worker take part in an unofficial its plants shut down! They were strike, or a ‘go-slow’, or an overtime flabbergasted — and so were the ban, or in any way not co-operate Unions. True, some of them had dead vote’ while in S. Fermanagh the in increasing production, he will lose voted against the agreement when local priest denounced the PD man his holiday bonus (£25) and his ‘lay it was discussed on the Joint Nego for standing against Carron—'this is off* pay. tiating Committee but they had all BACK TO THE STREETS! indeed a most wicked thing to do. Sure Naturally the Government has gone along with its being signed. at his age he can’t run his pub, all he given its blessing to this agreement. Now, to their obvious amazement, rpH E ELECTIONS ARE OVER and in Belfast flock to him, the rest of can do is be an MP.’ It is, after all, what they propose to the whole thing was being repudiated the pusillanimous O'Neill is still the country is more suspicious. To The remarkable support for PD ‘who there. The bourgeois press expressed the reactionaries, the Craigs, Boals and will all lose their deposits’ ( Daily Tele introduce for the whole of industry by the men they were supposed to graph) has enabled them to set up bases represent. their astonishment and aiarin that ‘ 6,000 Brookes, he is soft on the RCs—he under the legislation which they are Loyalists’ in Bannside voted for the even shook the hand of a mother throughout the country. And this week proposing for the ‘reform of the ABOUT FACE clerical fascist Paisley— hut this is be superior and talked to Lemass. To the it is back on the streets to protest Unions’. Rewards for the obedient There was some quick shuffling cause they fail to appreci^p —je situation; C17 mind this is treason. against the new fascist repressive legis —the chopper for those who still in Union head offices and eventually for the small Protes^ut -farmer or But O’Neill is no moderate. A shade lation (the amendments to the Public have minds of their own. the AEF and the TGWU decided i. ilito.l ii shade La iDvif-r., i fal?n introduced. Squatting activity is abouTTostaff—Kt The _Jrade. _Ujl1qii . -leaflets also optxsse ■ -Che'—agreem ent O'Neill has none nothing./ - They live the right of Heath, he claims he stands H i went along with the agreement and official’ strike went on, so these in squalor and, like the ‘White Trash’ in the direct line of Carson and Craig- highlight the incredible misrule of the everything seemed set fair for an Unions (and the Vehicle Builders) in the Deep South, act out their resent avon—the men Who swore by ‘a protest- one party state. Families are pre then made it official. Jim Conway, ment by fearing and despising the poor ant parliament for a protestant people’. pared to move in and preparations are even bigger output and an even RCs. In Sandy Row, a' Paisleyite strong O'Neill has been smarter and has in hand to keep them protected. Under bigger profit for the giant Ford Secretary of the AEF, appeared on hold in Belfast, 94.2^ of the houses cemented the alliance with the nationalist the proposed legislation this will lay Motor Company. But Company, television and openly confessed that have no inside WC, 93.3% no bath, 90% green tories—but they have now been anyone open to 6 months prison. Government and Unions all forgot they were prepared to operate the no handbasin, and 94.4% no hot water; smashed—the aged McAteer beaten by Meanwhile the attempt to penalize one small thing—they completely agreement if the workers had these people need Civil Rights badly— the slick opportunist Hume and those and/or jail well-known PD activists goes but this is their legacy of 50 years of who held narrowly on to their seats on. Money and help is urgently needed. Unionism and they are'easy meat for had to canvass the Orange Vote, e.g. At a Conference at Conway Hall on the unscrupulous Paisley. Carron in Fermanagh will never survive March 1, the assorted Left in London While the English press boost O’Neill the next election. In South Down, seemed more interested in dialectical as a ‘moderate’ and the middle class Keogh scraped home with the ‘Fenian meanderings and self - congratulations than in pledging and providing tangible Squatting Attempt in Berks. help. We need bread and participation, street activity is being planned for students and some sixth-formers from Easter and anyone who cares for the
Brighton, BN1 3HN. Regular fortnightly meetings. LSE, Houghton Street, W.C.2. Read and sell Contact Secretary. ‘Beaver’. FREEDOM PRESS CRAWLEY ANARCHIST GROUP. Contact KINGSTON COLLEGE of Technology, Penhiyn Anarchist Federation of Britain Richard Ashwell, 87 Buckswood Drive, Gossops Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey. Contact NEED volunteers to make racks and Green, Crawley, Sussex. G. Wright. LONDON FEDERATION OF ANARCHISTS. Flat 4, 88 Clarendon Road, W .ll. Every Monday SUSSEX UNIVERSITY ANARCHIST GROUP other carpentry work in new premises. All correspondence to LFA, c/o Freedom Press. evening, 8 p.m. (see details under Student Groups). SCOTTISH FEDERATION NEED comrades to clear dump in Sunday evening meetings at the ‘Metropolitan* ORPINGTON ANARCHIST GROUP. Knockholt, All correspondence to Bobby Lynn, Secretary, 12 (corner of Clerkenwell Road and Farringdon Nr. Sey.endaks, Kent. Every six weeks at Green- Ross Street, Glasgow, S.E. ways, Knockholt. Phone: Knockholt 2316. Brian YORKSHIRE FEDERATION Angel Alley (with remuneration)—bring Road), 7.30 p.m. Next meeting Sunday, March 9. Meetings every 8 weeks. Next meeting February 2. ABERDEEN ANARCHIST GROUP. Bob Comrie, 23, Folksongs. and Maureen Richardson. Next off centre meeting 288 Hardgate or Ian Mitchell, 3 Sinclair Road. pickaxes and shovels if possible. Greenways, Saturday, March 1, 5 p.m., ‘What to Secretary: Colin Beadle, c/o Oakwood Farm, EALING ANARCHIST GROUP. Contact Lindsay Cliffe-cum-Lund, Selby, Yorkshire. Look out for GLASGOW ANARCHIST GROUP. Robert Lynn, Get in touch with Graham Moss c/o Wither, 19 Aylmer Road, Shepherds Bush, W.12. do about Violence in Education’. 12 Ross Street, S.E. or Joe Embleton, 26 Kirk REDDITCH ANARCHISTS AND LIBER 'Liberty! ’ Freedom Press. HARINGEY. ‘Siege of Sidney Street Appreciation HALIFAX: David Stringer, c/o Paul Simon, 91 land Road, N.W. Society*. Meet Wednesdays, 8 p.m., at A. Bar- TARIANS. Contact Dave Llovd, 37 Feckenham EDINBURGH. Tony Hughes, Top Flat, 40 Angle Road, Headless Cross, Redditcn, Worcs. Essex Street, Parkinson Lane, Halifax. low’s, 2a Fairfield Gardens, Crouch End, N. 8. HULL: Jim Young, 3 Fredericks Crescent, Haw Park Terrace, Edinburgh 11. LEWISHAM. Contact Mike Malet, 61B Gran ESSEX & EAST HERTS thorn Avenue, Hull. HAMILTON AND DISTRICT ANARCHIST ville Park, Lewiaham, London, S.E.13. Phone: KEIGHLEY: Steve Wood, 26B Cavendish Street, GROUP. Robert Linton,. 7a Station Road, New 01-852 8879. FEDERATION Keighley. Stevenston, Motherwell. Subscription Rates MALATESTA GROUP. Contact Reg Broad, LEEDS: Direct Action Society. Contact John FIFE. Bob and Una Turnbull, 39 Stratheden 5 Welbeck Court, Addison Bridge Place, W.14. Three-monthly meetings. Groups and individual! Park, Stratheden .Hospital, By Cupar. (Per year) invited to associate: c/o Peter Newell (see N.E. Boutwood. 142 Brudenell Road, Leeds, 6 . 603 0550. SHEFFIELD: Dave Jeffries, c/o Students Union, MONTROSE. Dave Coull, 3 Eskview Terrace, Inland PORTOBfiLLO ROAD ANARCHIST GROUP. Essex Group). Western Bank, Sheffield, 10. Ferryden, Montrose, Angus. ‘FREEDOM’ ONLY £1 13s. 4d. Contact Andrew Dewar, 16 Kilburn House, Mal Group Addresses:— YORK: Nigel Wilson, Derwent College, Univer vern Place, N.W. 6 . Meetings 8 p.m. every NORTH EAST ESSEX. Peter Newell, 91 Brook sity of York, Heslington, York. ‘ANARCHY* ONLY £1 7s. Od. Tuesday. Road, Tolleshunt Knights, Tiptree, Essex. Regular NORTHERN IRELAND COMBINED SUBSCRIPTION WEST HAM ANARCHISTS. Regular meetings meetings. BELFAST ANARCHIST GROUP. Meetings every and activities contact Mr. T. Plant. 10 Thackeray BISHOPS STORTFORD. Vic Mount, ‘Eastview*. WELSH FEDERATION Saturday, 2 p.m., 44a Upper Arthur Street (top £2 14s. 4d. Road, East Ham, E.6 . Tel.: 552 4162. Castle Street. Bishops Stortford, Herts. CARDIFF ANARCHIST GROUP. All corres floor). ‘Freedom’ sales. Abroad Forward with PtncJi’s Anarchists. Regular meet CHELMSFORD. (Mrs.) Bva Archer, Mill House, ings. Contact P.P., 246 Portobello Road, W .ll. Purleigh, Chelmsford, Essex. pondence to:—Pete Raymond, 18 Marion Street, ‘FREEDOM’ ONLY Splott, Cardiff. SOUTHERN IRELAND EPP1NG. John Barrick, 14 Centre Avenue, SWANSEA ANARCHIST GROUP. Contact ALLIANCE OF LIBERTARIAN AND ANAR surface mail £1 10s. Od. OFF-CENTRE LONDON Epping, Essex. Ian Bone, 22 Glanmor Road, Uplands, Swansea. HARLOW. Ian Dallas, 18 Brookline Field, CHIST GROUPS IN IRELAND. Please send all airmail (US$8.00) £2 16s. Od. DISGUSSI0N MEETINGS Weekly meetings, ‘Freedom’ sales and action communications with stamped envelope to The Harlow and Annette Gunning, 37 Longbanks, prefects. Secretary, c/o Freedom Press. ‘ANARCHY’ ONLY Every Wednesday at Jack Robinson’s and Mary Harlow. LLANELLI: Contact Dai Walker, 6 Llwuynnendy Canipa’s, 21 Rumbold Road, S.W .6 (off King’s LOUGHTON. Group c/o Students’ Union, Road, Llanelli, Carm. Tel: Llanelli 2548. surface mail £1 6s. Od. Rosa), 8 p.m. March 12: Why we want anarchy. Loughton College of Further Education, Borders airmail (US$7.00) £2 7s. Od. Every Monday at A. Barlow's, 2a Fairfield Lane, Loughton, Essex. Gardens, Hornsey, N. 8. (Siege of Sidney Street EAST LONDON ABROAD COMBINED SUBSCRIPTION Appreciation Society). NORTH-WEST FEDERATION surface mail £2 10s. Od. Secretary: Rob Wilkinson, 73 Trafford Street, LIBERTARIAN FEDERATION AUSTRALIA. Federation of Australian Anar REGIONAL FEDERATIONS Preston. Next federation meeting March 29/30. Support wanted for numerous activities in area. chists, P.O. Box A 389, Sydney South, NSW 2000. Both by airmail BLACKPOOL. Contact Christine Seddon, 111 Secretary: Anthony Matthews, 35 Mayville Road, Phone No. 69-8095. Open discussion and litera (US$12.50) £4 5s. Od. AND GROUPS Harcourt Road, Blackpool. London, E .ll. Meetings fortnightly on Sundays ture sale in the Domain—-Sunday, 2 p.m. Call at BEXLEY ANARCHIST MOVEMENT. Steve BOLTON. Contact John Hayes, 51 Rydal Road, at Ron Bailey's, 128 Hainault Road, E .ll (LEY 59 Eveleigh Street, Redfern, NSW 2015 for per ‘Freedom’ by airmail, Leman, 28 New Road, Abbey Wood, S.E.2, Tel.: Bolton. 8059). Ten minutes from Leytonstone Under sonal discourse, tea and overnight accommodation. ‘Anarchy’ by surface ET 35377. Meetings every Friday, 8 p.m., Lord CHORLEY. Contact Kevin Lynch, 6 Garfield ground. BELGIUM. Groupe du journal Le Libertaire, 220 Bexley, Bexley heath Broadway. Terrace, Chorley- Active groups in: LEYTONSTONE, STEPNEY. rue Vivegnis, Liige. mail (US$10.50) £3 17s. Od. BIRMINGHAM ANARCHIST GROUP. Secretary, LANCASTER AND MORECAMBE. Contact I.es NEWHAM, ILFORD. DAGENHAM, WOOD USA. James W. Cain, secretary, the Anarchist Peter Le Marc, 22 Hallewcll Road, Edgbaslon, Smith, 192 Euston Road, Morccambe, Lancs. FORD and LIMEHOUSE. Committee of Correspondence, 323 Fourth Street, Birmingham, 16. Libertarian discussion groups Meetings Mondays at 8 p.m., Phil Woodhead’s, Cloquet, Minnesota 55720, USA. Include held 8 p.m. on each Tuesday at 'The Crown*, 30 Dunkcld Street, Lancaster- Regular literature STUDENT GROUPS VANCOUVER, B.C.. CANADA. Anyone interns PUBLICATIONS Corporation Street (Opp. Law Courts). Birming soles. ted in foaming aomciinit and/or ■reel Mlkp ham City. S.a.e. lo Secretary for details. LIVKRPOOI ANARCHIST PROPAGANDA ABERDEEN UNIVERSITY GROUP. C/o Ian peace group contact Derek A. James, c/o 2+160 Berkman’s BOURNEMOUTH AREA. Local anarchists can GROUP AND ‘HIPPY* MOVEMENT. Gerry and Peggy Sutherland, 8 Esslemont Avenue, Aber East 20th, N. Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Tel.: ABC of ANARCHISM 2/6 ( + 5d.) be contacted through Nigel HoLt, Rossmore, Bree, 16 Faulkner Square, Liverpool, 8, Meetings deen, AB2 45L. 985 7509 or 987 2693. Rocker's Harvey Road, Canford, Wimborne, Dorset. (Wim- weekly. 'Freedom* Sales—Pier Head, Saturdays, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY ANARCHIST TORONTO LIBERTARIAN - ANARCHIST borne 2991.) Sundays. Evenings __ GROUP. Contact Matthew Robertson, Trinity GROUP. 217 Toryork Drive, Weston, Ontario, NATIONALISM AND CORNWALL ANARCHISTS. Contact Arthur MANCHESTER ANARCHIST GROUP. 'The College, or John Fullerton, Jesus College. Canada. Weekly meetings. Read the ‘Liber Jacobs, 13 Ledrah Road, St. Austell, Cornwall. Secretary’, Felix Phillips, 9 Boland Street, Fallow- SUSSEX UNIVERSITY ANARCHIST GROUP. tarian’. Third issue now out and it was well worth CULTURE 21/- ( + 4/6) Discussion meetings on the second Friday of each Said, Manchester, 14. • . a , John Byford, 26 Bedford Square, Brighton, Sussex. waiting for! Richards month at Brian and Hazel McGee’s, 42 Pendorves Regular weekly meetings. Contact Secretary lor Meetings every second Thursday jointly with Street, Beacon, Camborne. 7.30 p.m. Visiting venue Brighton Group: bookstall every Monday outside MALATESTA: His Life and Ideas comrades very welcome. MERSEYSIDE ANARCHISTS. Meetings every J.C.R., 12-2.30 p.m. Cloth bound 21/- (+1/3); CROYDON LIBERTARIANS. Meetings every Tuesday at 8 P m- nl U 8 High P*rk Street, Llver- YORK UNIVERSITY. Contact Nigel Wilson, PROPOSED GROUPS 2nd Friday of each month. Laurens and Celia nool 8 Contact: Chris Kneath, Basement. 52 Derwent College, University of York, Heslington, paper 10/6 (+1/-) Otter, 35 Natal Road, Thornton Heath (LIV Belvidere Roed, Liverpool. 18 3TQ. York. BURNLEY. Please contact Bernie Cherry, 4 Bur B e r n e r fs 7546). PRESTON ANARCHIST CROUP. Contact J. B. EAST ANGLIA UNIVERSITY. Contact Dave ton Street, Burnley, Lancs. EDGWARE PEACE ACTION GROUP. Contact Cowhurn 140 Walling Street Road. Fulwood, Lomax, E.A.S. II, U.E.A., Norwich, NOR 88C. LONDON, S.W.17. Tooting, Wandsworth, S treat- NEITHER EAST or WEST 6/- (+9d.) Melvyn Estrln. 84 Edgwarebuiy Lane, Edgware, Preston Meetings: ’Tire Wellington Hotel’, LIBERTARIAN STUDENTS FEDERATION. ham. Phone BRIAN 672 8494. Woodcock's Middx. Glovers Court. Preston. Wednesdays. 8 p.m. Contact address: Keith Nathan, 138 Pennymead, NEWCASTLE/WHITLEY BAY. Anyone willing HERTS. Contact Val and John Funnell, 10 Fry Harlow. please contact Peter D. Ridley, 4 Rockliffe THE WRITER & POLITICS 7/6 Road, Chells, Stevenage, SURREY FEDERATION LIVERPOOL UNIVERSITY ANARCHIST Gardens, Whitley Bay, Northumberland. Tel.:’ IPSWICH ANARCHISTS. Contact Neil Dean, 74 O Wright 47 College Road, Epsom. Surrey. GROUP. Contact us at the bookstall in the Stu Whitley Bay 25759. and Cemetery Rood, Ipswich, Suffolk. Groups and IndM ^^s invited to associate. dents Union Foyer evfljjy Friday lunchtime. READING. Libertarian and Anarchist group LEICESTER PROJECT. Peace/Libertarian OXFORD ANARCHIST GROUP. Contact Francis would like to contact fellow anarchists in thc dis Annual Volumes of Selections from action and debate. Every Wednosdoy it It pm SUSSEX FEDERATION Cnsline, Pembroke College, or Steve Watt^. trict and in the university. C/o 37 Kiln Ride at I The Crescent. King Street I^lcester (Trnfma hnrf individuals invited to nitsoclattv c/o Trinity College. Wokingham, Berkshire. ? 'JtEEDOM 1952-1964 NORTH SOMERSET ANARCHIST GROUP. Eddie Poole. 5 Tiisbury. Flndon Road. White- MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY. Contact Mike ROCHDALE. BURY & OLDHAM areas. Those ich year’s volume 7/6(+1/-) Contact Roy Emery, 3 Abbey Street, Bath, or Don or Bill Jamieson, c/o University Union. interested in libertarian activity contact David Geoffrey Bnrfoot. 71 St. Thomas Street, Wells. imoiiToN"*. H9 V*_ a n a i »c h m t c h o u v . Oxford Road. Manchester, 13. Purdy, c/o 35 Balmoral Drive, Darn Hill Estar.. all list on application. NOTTING HILL. Meetings at John Bennett's, Contact Nick Heath, Flat 3, 26 Clifton Road, LSE ANARCHIST GROUP. C/o Students’ Union, Hoy wood. Lancs. ANARCHISM TODAY fragmentary, way ,wi within the *hell of ideoi capi- as a coherent philosophy and that of the A COMPARATIVELY SHORT while ago, anarchism was so little various left-wing socialist groups. They known in this country that those few who were trying to build up a talist systems S p r i n g for work or assumes that the m tivity | dependfmt hope by this tactic to entice to their movement here were frequently regarded as individual nut cases because any socially useful imjze ranks dissidents who will then become ‘everyone’ knew that anarchism was a ridiculous aberration which had died on an a tte m p t^ ^ ^ ^ anarchists. Such a tactic results in the out with the nineteenth century. Now the effort to build a movement has profits. The fa * 5 £ that aU existence of a sort of bastard-anarchism borne fruit to the extent that it is public knowledge that there is an assumption .s s n r g .tl profu. in which lip-service is paid to many of anarchist point of view, that press, radio, etc., acknowledge the existence wage-earners o r * of the big stick the myths of Marxism. One might just of such a movement and that people of all levels of education and all makers—plus the w ,. , _6 as well flirt with fascist groups in the walks of life claim to be anarchists. the state holds. Anarchism alone holds hope that the anarchist movement will be that the only sensible form of society is augmented numerically by ex-fascists, It is necessary to clarify just what anarchism is all about, and this process one in which men work produce, are and thereby create a bastard anarcho- of clarification and public debate needs to go on all the time. There always creatively active became they are happy fascism. have been and there always will be, individuals and groups who claim that to do so, and not °ut gne^d or fear. If anarchism is to make any useful im their own particular interpretation of anarchism, however narrow and Life is a huge feast to be enjoyed now, pact it must remain a-third force, ft is sectarian it may be, is the only anarchism. While it is natural and laudable and it is this positive aspect of anarchism significant that the most modern mani that one should express one’s own point of view forcefully, too sectarian an which gives it its distinctive quality. festations of anarchist thinking have been approach does, in practice, lead to humbug and distortion of facts. While Many revolutionary creeds have hatred expressed in practical terms not by the such humbug and distortion is the permanent stock-in-trade of political as their mainspring, hatred of capitalists, ‘proletariat’ but by students who are parties, it is utterly self-defeating for any group professing anarchism. It is Jews, blacks, whites,.-free-thinkers, or engaged in producing a revolutionary political opponents the list of identifi change in the structure of university self-defeating not because such a policy is unsuccessful in recruiting ad able bate-objects is endless. If hatred is organization. This has come as a com herents or promoting the sales of a propaganda organ, but because the the mainspring, then violence and even plete surprise to all the revolutionary group and paper must fall into the hands Of politicians and attract followers tual repression are the outcome, and no organs of propaganda which have been who need, want and eventually achieve ah authoritarian power structure. libertarian future is possible. Only if concentrating on wooing the manual love of life is the mainspring for action workers for years. Now, of course, every THE LEFT AND THE RIGHT will the revolutionary effort be truly brand of politico is making what hay he Anarchism attracts people who are nationalism, social and economic equality, libertarian—and love of life right now can in the university field. There is even against the order of things existing in racial tolerance, democracy and human implies dispensing with the methods of a somewhat conservatist reaction mani the modem capitalist state. Opposition ism. In practice, these are equally poppy authoritarians right now. We want no fest in students who are fed up with the to this order of things is to be found ’ cock and are as flagrantly violated by ‘temporary’ institutions of coercion until political intrigues of those who would . among a wide diversity of people. Such socialist states as by fascist ones. Again, “after the revolution is consolidated’. turn a genuine movement for student dissidents can be divided rather crudely it is a matter of degree; the worst of Providing propagandists go on beating control of matters which closely affect between the ‘left’ and the ‘right’. The fascism is not operative in a country like the old nineteenth century drum about them, to a struggle for the power of ‘left’, considered as a broad Spectrum of modem Spain, any more than the worst class struggle, mouthing the old slogans, political cliques. interests, tends towards a greater equali of state socialism is operative in Yugo pretending that every strike is a blow for The position of anarchists in this sation of property distribution and a slavia, and the mass of the population of liberty and justice, so the general realiza country being an extremely small divorce between property ownership and these countries may well prefer the actu tion of the realities of today will be minority, has led to a sort of anarchist political power. The ‘right’, insofar as ality of the present regimes, to regimes retarded. The nonsensi about proletarian inferiority complex when faced with it is in opposition to the status quo, also they have suffered under in the past. class struggle purveyed by politicians of larger political groups. Some have been tends to favour a redistribution of pro It has been said that hypocrisy is the old, new and barely emerging political sensitive to stich Marxist swear-words as perty rights and of political power, but tribute vice pays to virtue. It is natural parties is the means of leading the mass ‘petit bourgeoisie’. It is time that anar upon a different basis. therefore, that the lip-service which by the nose into a new form of slavery. chists got over their inferiority complex The dissident ‘right’, expressed in Marxist-socialists pay to certain prin The loyalty of the Tory working man of and ceased trying to compete with poli movements such as fascism, is opposed ciples which anarchists uphold enables the nineteenth century, who gladly up tical parties in ways which are quite to those elites which have grown up them to nib shoulders with anarchists— held the system of his own exploitation irrelevant to anarchism. While 1 am no under capitalism like the trades unions as long as they are out of power. The and was prepared to lay down his life advocate of bashing up in the streets, it and banking interests, but the result of a fascists, on the other hand, whose policy overseas to maintain his masters’ rule, is would appear to me a little more logical successful take-over from the extreme towards anarchists would probably be paralleled nowadays by the Socialist true- if anarchists set about the bashing up of ever, we would not agree that the class ‘right’, as was expressed in the fascist much the same as the Marxist-socialists believer. The slogan-chanting crowds the chanters of ‘Ho, Ho, Ho Chi Min!’ struggle does not exist. Far from being regime in Italy and the National Socialist if they achieved power (i.e. censorship, manipulated by the leaders of twentieth than the police, if they really must ex a hangover from the nineteenth cen regime in Germany, is not so very gaol or firing squad), preach a line of century mass movements (Lenin, Trotsky, press themselves in that way. tury, the antagonism between labour different from the result of a take-over talk which makes it certain that no anar Stalin, Mussolini, Hitler and aspirants to All this, of course, is a dreadful heresy and capital still exists. This antagonism by political parties of the extreme ‘left’. chist will endure them for a minute, power of more recent vintage) are mere to the ‘left’, just as it was a dreadful shows itself not only in strikes for The use of the term ‘fascist’ as a fodder. Whether thA mystique,, of their heresy tn oppose Stalin when the British more money (which we would agree THE END OR THE . leaders is mixed nationalism and ‘left’, from the Daily Worker lo the New that as such is irrelevant to anarchism), modem swear-word has tended to obscure XjfcA&L STRUGGLE its true meaning. The end -of a racialism, as fteoured by fascist-type Statesman, and Tribune to the News but also in resisting sackings, speed-ups fascist uprising is very similar to the In the latter years of the nineteenth movements, or,tije continued myth of the Chronicle were hailing Stalin as a great of assembly lines, rationalisation, work result of a Marxist-socialist take-over. century there was considerable co-opera proletarian classvstiaiggle as favoured by democrat. Anarchists as a third force studies and the hundred and one things In either case, capitalism is tamed; the tion between socialists of all kinds and Bolshevist-type ntorements, such mystique stood aside from the two world wars of that managements do to try to get power struggle between workers and anarchists. A number of anarchists were, is strictly for the mugs. this century, despite the jeers from the more production out of their em employers in an open economic market in fact, influential in the movement which ‘left’. If we are to take advantage of a ployees. The resistance and struggle is comes to an end. The new ruling class eventually gave rise to the Labour Party. ANARCHISM ASIA THIRD FORCE growing movement in this country it against the degradation of human beings is no longer comprised of the owners of In those days such a presumed identity Anarchism is a thjfd force. We have the must be clarified that we are neither who are only seen as production units. capital; the officials of the state are the of interests was natural. old capital- and land-owning forces, still ‘left’ nor ‘right’, but stand for something The class struggle is for some dignity ruling class. The fact that rich indus It is important to realize how times very powerful indeed and attempting to very different indeed. at work, for some say and control over trialists could still be rich men and poor have changed and to get clear just what maintain their powfer by concessions to G. the work process. It is the development industrial workers poor men, after the is the significance of anarchism in the a mixed economy. ‘They are the power of this struggle that is important to fascist revolution in Italy should not world today. Anarchism today has cer dominant in the western hemisphere. The anarchism. blind one to the essential change. The tainly nothing whatsoever to do with other great force is state socialism, domi OUR REPLY With the present mixed economy, the rich man retained his good standard of ‘class struggle’ if ‘by that you mean the nant in the Russian and Chinese empires. class struggle now brings the workers living only by virtue of his endless com contest between the ‘bourgeoisie’ and the Many of newly constituted nation states V*JE AGREE WITH Tony Gibson in direct conflict with the state. In pliance with the demands of the fascist ‘proletariat’ so vividly dramatized by outside the main power blocs are teeter ’ ’ that the clarification and public that sense, the struggle has changed. state; the poor man could better his Marx. It is supremely irrelevant to anar ing between the two dominant forms of debate on anarchism should be a con The conflict is between the order-givers standard of living not through labour chism if the employees in a certain in political and economic? organization, in tinuing one. This we regard as a healthy and the order-takers, the faceless unionism, but by advancement through dustry force the employers to raise their teresting hang-overs from feudalism and sign. People are becoming aware of our bureaucrats and the workers. However, the fascist party. wages by 2d. an hour. Bully for them, slavery determining vjlocal conditions. ideas and our propaganda is reaching basically, the conflict is between the Rich and poor are comparative terms but so what? The 2d. an hour will be Anarchism, the third force, is concerned a much wider section of the public. two classes and state intervention with and it is important to realize this. The just their own extra crumb frpm the with furthering libei|arian forms of We would also agree that individuals incomes and, possibly, anti-strike legis average working man in Britain is a rich national cake. social organization. It, is not concerned and groups often claim their own parti lation will heighten this conflict. man, well fed, well clothed, housed, enter What is relevant to anarchism is if the with advancing the interests of any one cular interpretation or school to be Anarchists have always pointed out tained, coddled by the health and welfare workers in an industry are able to change socio-economic class—as Marxists claim true anarchism. Of course, as an organ the dangers of a strong centralised services — and underworked — compared its structure in the direction of workers’ to be. of anarchist propaganda, we do come State. This process has increased in with the vast mass of the people of Asia control whether or not this is reflected in People who cling to |he trappings and in for some criticism because we do momentum during the last few years. and Africa. What I have said about the a change in wage rates. In an industry prejudices of,any particular social class— not necessarily reflect their way of Because of this, we think that the class freezing of purely economic relations be there are generally a number of forces the class of their origin' or of their adop thinking and philosophy, which by its struggle will intensify. The class strug tween rich and poor under fascism holding a balance—the workers, man tion, for sentimental rtpsons—are very very nature is plural. gle is not a matter of theory, no one applies equally to those regimes which agers, owners and the state. The move handicapped in understanding what anar We do not have, as some comrades invented it, it is just a fact. If Tony are regarded as socialist. There, the class towards socialism—or fascism—is for the chism is all about. Indeed, it is senti would like, a hard line to put over Gibson ever went to work in a factory struggle, conceived of as the struggle over managers and the state to coalesce. The mentality about class that makes people every week. The labels that comrades or on a building site we think he the division of the national cake between degree to which the existence of the vulnerable to the emotional appeal of attach to their anarchism are not so would soon recognise this. employers and employees, is over. The owners is maintained, as in a mixed both fascists and bolshevists. The former important as the anarchism itself. How Editors . struggle which emerges is between those economy, or abolished by the state boost their recruiting by a snobbish with political power and those without. swallowing the owners, depends upon the appeal to ‘gentlemen’ to defeat the ‘cads’; Recent history has shown that this is far industry and the degree of totality of the latter by an equally snobbish appeal bloodier and more bitter than the econo the regime. The new form of class to ‘proletarians’ to defeat the ‘bour- mic struggle under capitalism. struggle which emerges, then, is between geoisie’. That the term ‘fascist’ has become a the workers and the state. It should be Anarchism has as little in common popular swear-word, devoid of any very noted that the r 6 le of the managers is with fascism as it has with bolshevism or precise meaning, is a pity, for it is neces ambiguous; either they are managers of any type of Marxist socialism. Those sary for an anarchist critique of society things, experts in productivity in which anarchists who join Maoists, Trotskyists, to get clear just why anarchists are to be case they are as much workers as are etc., on public demonstrations would do physically exterminated if either the manual workers, or they arc managers well to reflect the bizarre nature of their fascism of the ‘right’ or the slate socialism of men in which case they will tend to actions. For an anarchist to call someone of the '‘left’ ever achieves complete power. become the state bureaucrats and the new ‘comrade’ who firmly believes in the I would note in parenthesis that the exploiters of men. physical extermination of anarchists once famous anarchist Malatesta was allowed Anarchism stands in sharp contrast to his mob achieve power, is pretty kinky. to live out his natural life in fascist Italy both fascism and state socialism. Wor Can it be that the activity of publicly and die in his bed. No political form is kers’ control is conceived of as a direct supporting one's intending executioners perfect anywhere. process, not through some fiction of a is engaged in for fun because no one Politicians of the extreme revolutionary ‘proletarian state’. The anarchist concept seriously believes that the status quo will ‘right’ and the revolutionary ‘left’ accuse of equality of right to the products of ever be radically altered? Can it be that one another of humbug—and both are work means the end of ail systems of these ‘anarchist’ militants feel safe from absolutely correct in this. The myths of differential reward. The managerial the rifles of the future RedrGuards or the revolutionary ‘right’ include racialism, function must imply the management of Trotskyist Ciieka because in their hearts nationalism, respect for the masculine productive processes not the management they trust that the British Bobby will ideal, military glory, and individual pro of men’s lives, and in no way must imply always be there to protect them? Such perty-owning. In practice, all this is a right to a better standard of living in trust is not entirely well founded. poppycock and can be most flagrantly the community. I am well aware that some anarchists violated in the interests of political ex Utopian idealism? No, plain common deliberately seek to minimi*®- to slur pediency. The myths of the politicians sense, and indeed many classical anarchist over the enormous gulf which they pri of the revolutionary ‘left’ include inter principles have become recognized in a vately admit to exist between anarchism 'If there m one matter about which the author of these essays and through spiritudliztstion therefore be dividual’s real work therein: reification. Reason and freedom exist, are real comes one of the decisive tasks of cul This- is the nadir of the fortunes of the characteristics of human and social life; his friends were not uncertain, it was the understanding that the fascist subjective real: but even now the nega state was fascist society, and that totalitarian violence and totalitarian tural education. ’ By being incorporated but on what level of reality? Far more into spiritual life,sensuality is to be har tive reaction is able to work through, decisively than Descartes, Kant sees the reason came from the structure of existing society, which was in the nessed and transfigured. From the coup transforming reification itself into its essence of man lying in his reason ‘which act of overcoming its liberal past and incorporating its historical ^ negation. ling of sensuality and soul proceeds the other: alone is called upon to do away with all This presented the critical theory of society with the task of identifying bourgeois idea of love,' (PP- 108, 110.) errors’, and which ‘knows no other judge the tendencies that linked the liberal past with its totalitarian abolition. 'When the body has completely become than universal human reason, in which This abolition was not restricted at all to the totalitarian states and The bourgeois theory and practice of an object, a beautiful thing, it can fore each man has a voice; and since it is since then has become reality in many democracies (and especially in love creates the image of the individual shadow a new happiness. In suffering the from reason that every improvement of the most developed ones).' This quotation from the opening paragraph as ‘an independent, self-sufficient monad. most extreme reification man triumphs which our condition is capable must to the foreword (presumably originally written for the German edition His relation to the (human and non over reification. The artistry of the beau spring’, freedom is its original right ‘and human) world is either abstractly imme tiful body, its effortless agility and relaxa may not be restricted’. published in 1965) prepares one at once for the relevance and cdhesion diate (the individual constitutes the world tion, which can be displayed today only and for the dedicatedly, professiorutlly intellectual quality of a collection immemorially in itself as knowing, feel in the circus, vaudeville, and burlesque, 'But it is not accidental that two of essays which at first sight is a rather strange assortment: the first ing, and willing ego) or abstractly medi herald the joy to which men will attain different concepts of reason are inter five essays form a composite piece, they were all written in the late ated (i.e. determined by the blind laws of in being liberated from the ideal, once twined in Kant’s work: reason as the uni 193Qy for the Zeitschrift fiir Sozialforschung which refugees from Nazi the production of., commodities and of mankind, having become a true subject, fying totality of man’s cognitive faculty ■Germany continued to produce after they had settled in the United States the market).’ (p. 111.) The negative ten succeeds in the mastery of matter. When (as which it is the subject of the "cri •of America, and thus they are important and interesting not only in sion is static and uncreative: protestant- all links to the affirmative ideal have been tiques" of pure and practical reason), themselves, but because the critical work which Marcuse sets out in them ism proclaims at once the freedom of dissolved, when in the context of an and reason in a narrower sense, as a laid the foundations of the later critical social theory and argument thought and conscience and their abstrac existence marked by knowledge it be single faculty that rises "above" the which has helped to make him, in the words of the dustjacket, ‘one of tedness from the social process: society comes possible to have real enjoyment understanding, as the faculty of those cannot create or direct them in the indi- without any rationalization and without the intellectual triumvirate, with Karl Marx and Mao Tse-Tung, whose “Ideas’’ than can never be adequately represented in experience and have a teaching gives inspiration to the international student protest movement’. merely regulative function. It is reason The last three essays are by no means negligible but in relation to the in this second, more narrow sense through rest of the book look more like appendices, addenda and corrigenda, which, for Kant, the transition to prac than independent contributions. (Herbert Marcuse, Negations Essays tical concepts occurs. It occurs under the in Critical Theory, with Translations from the German by Jeremy J. aegis of the concept of freedom: the Shapiro, Allen Lane The Penguin Press, London, 1968, 42s., pp. xx 290.) “Idea" is transformed into a “postulate" and the “postulate" into a "fact" of prac tical reason. In this way reason’s free YjLfHERE MAILER BLOWS our minds with pictures of the existential dom undergoes still another limitation. praxis of revolution, Marcuse leads us back to a consideration of Through the stipulation that man’s free the nature of the mental praxis which has gradually discovered the reason be united with the empirical world state of permanent revolution in which we have our social being. of necessity, freedom is hypostatized as Marcuse does not believe in the. value—or the significance—or even a timeless occurrence: it can exercise its in the reality—of the concept (this is slightly repetitious of something causality on the empirical world only I wrote in Anarchy recently): his life no less than his work is a simple insofar as the world has no effect what statement that our human existence is a set of concepts, a process of soever on it. Free reason Is limited in function to furnishing the determining the formation, destruction and rebuilding of concepts. A man does ground of actions, to "beginning" them. not possess of enjoy his own simple being—he not even is his simple Once begun, actions enter the unbreak self: he possesses or enjoys, he is, a concept of being. Both in our able causal nexus of natural necessity, individual and in our social life what are reacting and interacting are and they proceed in accordance with its not brute lumps of matter but perceptions of that matter—interpretative, laws forever after.’ (pp. 53-54: 'The Con deductive, self-analytical and self-adjusting: in a word, dialectical. The cept of Essence’.) first notion of the dialectic occurs perhaps in the Heraclitean notion of the eternal flux of being: ‘nothing passes under the same bridge Thus Kant paved the way for the bour geois suppression or reification of the twice’. More elaborate is the Platonic or Socratic idea of the relationship dialectic. Reason and freedom become of tension, both attractive and repulsive, between the eternal form of a the characteristics of ‘Ideas’ which are thing and the particular imperfect realisations of it in temporal earthly natural phenomena indeed but existing existences. In the Middle Ages the Christian Thomist philosophers only parallel with and quite distinct from developed the distinction between contingent and necessary being: 'the the rest of the world of things; thus we distinction between the necessary uncreated divine being and the contingent vidual, and similarly he cannot use them the least puritanical guilt feeling, whdti have the idealist ‘affirmative culture’. existence of the beings he has created—more suggestively they distinguish in social action. Marcuse returns to the sensuality, in other words, is entirely re between the essence of a thing, its likeness to God, its God-createdness degeneration of the idea and a perception leased by the soul, then the first glimmer ‘To the need of the isolated individual of the individual -in his' Foreword: of a new culture emerges.’ (pp. 116-117.) it responds with general humanity, to and thus its quality of being an image of the divine, and the ‘accidents’ bodily misery with the beauty of the of a thing, its particular and limited qualities. Descartes’ intuition is Freedom of thought and conscience soul, to external bondage with internal a welding together of the Christian concept of the divided self (between were the sanctioned forms of contradic 'Philosophy teaches us that all proper freedom, to brutal egoism with the duly the spirit and the flesh) upon the Renaissance concept of the egocentric tion-—often the only ones—and the most ties of mind subsist only through free of the realm of virtue. Whereas during and yet universalizing quality of the individual human intellect: the precious refuge of hope. Only rarely and dom, that all are only means for freedom, the period of the militant rise of the new tension between the idea and the form is seen to be a tension between in exceptional cases did bourgeois society and that all seek and produce only free society all of these ideas had a progres the mind seeking an idea of a perfect reality, and the actual reality dare to infringe on this refuge. Soul and dom. To speculative philosophy belongs sive character by pointing beyond the which it (the mind) finds dubious and insubstantial. ‘The concept of mind were (at Iqast officially) considered the knowledge that freedom is that alone attained organization of existence, they holy and awsome. Spiritually and men which is true of mind.’ (Iffegel, Vorlesun- entered increasingly into the service of essence enters the sphere of the self-certain “ego cognito”, or transcendental tally, man was supposed to be as auto gen uber die Philosophic der Geschichte: the - suppression of the discontented subjectivity. Liberated from the bonds and obligations of the medieval nomous as possible. This was his inner quoted pp. 136-137: ‘Philosophy and masses and of mere self-justifying exci order and empowered to shape his own world, the autonomous individual freedom, which was his authentic and Critical Theory’.) tation, once bourgeois rule began to be saw his reason presented with the task that had been metaphysically essential freedom; the other liberties were stabilized. They concealed the physical hypostatized in the doctrine of essence: realizing the authentic potentialities taken care of -by the economy and the It is Hegel rather than Marx who is and psychic vitiation of the individual. of beings on the basis of the discovery that nature can be controlled. state. Norjnally it was not necessary for for Marcuse the great revolutionary . . . Hegel's system is the last protest Essence became the object of theoretical and practical reason. The society to intervene in this sphere; a total philosopher of the dialectic. Kant and against the degradation of the idea: transcendental, subjective form of the concept of essence is typical of coordination and subordination of indi Rousseau are the prophets of the French against playing officiously with the mind bourgeois theory and was first fully worked out by Descartes.’ (p. 48: ‘The viduals was not required. The productive Revolution insofar as their preliminary as though it were an object that really forces had not yet reached that stage of excursus into the realms of a positive has nothing to do with human history. Concept of Essence’.) development at which the sale of the and socially active freedom prepared the At least idealism maintained that the The argument with the profoundly of the soul belonged to the program of products of social labor demanded the way for the Revolution’s negative explo materialism of bourgeois practice is not pessimistically static form of subjectivity "living out one's life fully and entirely" systematic organization of needs and sion of social energy: Fichte discovers the last word and that mankind must be which Marcuse sees as the distinctive (Wilhelm Dilthey). Concern with the soul wants, including intellectual ones. The the authoritarianism within the anarchism led beyond it. Thus idealism belongs to characteristic of the bourgeois concept of "reacts upon the increasing differentia market regulated for better or worse the of this freedom. (On the subject of a more progressive stage of development existence (essence being reduced to a tion of individualities and augments man's operation and output of a labor appara Fichte, Professor Talmon’s chapter in his than later positivism, which in fighting mere accidental compartment of being) consciousness of enjoying life with a tus not yet dependent upon uninterrupted Political Messianism: the Romantic Phase metaphysical ideas eliminates not only is a major theme of all these early essays. natural development rooted in man's mass consumption. At a low level of is one of the most illuminating interpre their metaphysical character, but their In the next essay ("The Affirmative essence" (ibid.). Seen from the stand productive forces, bourgeois society did tations of a political theory and attitude content as well.' (pp. 98-99.) Character of Culture') be returns to the point of the consummated affirmative cul not yet have the means to administer that I have read. The whole book I idea of the soul which degenerates from ture of the eighteenth and nineteenth cen soul and mind without discrediting this found much more interesting and valu When Marcuse came to write his first a promise and unlimited prospect of be turies, this spiritual demand appears as administration through terroristic vio able than his earlier, better known Origins book—to which the essays of the 1930s ing into a timid betrayal: Descartes fails an unfulfilled promise. The idea of lence. Today total administration is of Totalitarian Democracy.) But it is are much closer in method than they are to integrate his concept of the soul either “natural development" remains, hut It necessary, and the means are at hand; Hegel who establishes philosophically to Eros and Civilization (Routledge and with the ego as the subject of thought or signifies primarily inner development. In mass gratification, market research, in that individual freedom is both the pro Kegan Paul, 1956) or, I imagine (I have with the ego as materialistically deter the external world the soul cannot freely dustrial psychology, computer mathema duct and the indispensable mechanism not read the book, only some reviews as mined by the passions—‘the soul remains “live Itself out”. The organization of tics, and the so-called science of human of the ‘necessary’ physical and social yet), One-Dimensional Man (1966: re an unmastered intermediate realm be the world by the capitalist labour pro relations. These take care of the non- environment; cently reprinted in Sphere paperbacks)— tween the unshakable self-certainty of cess has turned the development of the terroristic, democratic, spontaneous-auto Hegel is an even more revolutionary pure thought and the mathematical and individual Into economic competition and matic harmonization of individual and | . . the freedom attained by Descartes' development from Kant. Kant made the physical certainty of material being’ (p. left the satisfaction of his needs to the socially necessary needs and wants, of “ego cogito", Leibnitz’s monad, Kant’s creation of a rational world order the 105)—and the Renaissance intimation of commodity market. Affirmative culture autonomy and heteronomy. They assure transcendental ego, Fichte's subject of work of a ‘transcendental consciousness’ a universal freedom traversing unend uses the soul as a protest against reifica the free election of individuals and poli original activity, and Hegel's world-spirit and a ‘transcendental apperception’, but ingly an expanding universe is reduced to tion, only to succumb to It In the end. cies necessary for this system to continue is not the freedom of pleasurable posses allowed the existence of an arational the status of a sidekick of the perma The soul is sheltered as the only area of and grow. The democratic abolition of sion with which the Aristotelian God order of ‘things-in-themselves’—a distinc nently crisis-struck bourgeois mercantilist life that has not been drawn into the thought, yvhlch the “common man " moved in his own happiness. It is rather tion which Hegel rejected: the rational market: social labor process. . . . The individual’s undergoes automatically and which he the freedom of interminable, arduous ideas and analyses of things ‘never de soul Is first set off from, and against, his himself carries out (in labor and in the use labor. In the form that it assumed ds note mere concepts (as in formal logic), ‘The concept of the soul found Its first body. Its adoption as the decisive area and enjoyment of the apparatus of pro authentic Being in modern philosophy, but forms or modes of being compre positive expression in the literature of the of life can have two meanings: the re duction and consumption), is brought reason has to produce itself and its hended by thought’. A thing is, not sim Renaissance. Here the soul in the first lease of sensuality (as the irrelevant area about in the “higher learning” by those reality continuously in recalcitrant mate ply what it appears to be, or even is, but instance an unexplored part of the world of life) or, to the contrary, the subjection positivistic and positive trends of philo rial. It exists only in this process. What what reason conceives it to be, what it to be discovered and enjoyed. To it are of sensuality to the domination of the sophy, sociology, and psychology that reason is to accomplish is neither more conceives or knows that thing can be extended those demands with whose pro soul. Affirmative culture unequivocally make the established system into an in nor less than the constitution of the world come. (Reason and Revolution. Hegel clamation the new society accompanied took the second course. Release of sen superable framework for conceptual for the ego. Reason is supposed to create and the Rise of Social Theory, New the rational domination of the world by suality would be release of enjoyment, thought: (pP- xii-xiii.) the universality and community in which York: Oxford University Press, 1941, 2nd liberated man: freedom and the intrinsic which presupposes the absence of guilty the rational subject participates with edition The Humanities Press, 1954, chap worth of the individual. The riches of conscience and the real possibility of The soul really is the essence; but it other rational subjects. It is the basis of ter 2.) There is in fact no actual existence the soul, of the "inner life", were thus gratification. In bourgeois society, such becomes the abstracted, ideal essence un the possibility that, beyond the encounter of a thing existing over against reason's the correlate of the new-found riches of a trend is increasingly opposed by the realizable in l i 'rca' world’; it becomes of merely self-sufficient monads, a com concept of its existence: and reason con external life. Interest in the neglected necessity of disciplining discontented art or ima*>na,*an> l*le rca' world be mon life develops in a common world.’ ceives, not merely what a thing imme- "individual, incomparable, living stated' masses. The internalization of enjoyment comes mere object, and so does the in (p. 139: 'Philosophy and Critical Theory'.) Continued on page S Pictures of Revolution If you MUST smoke Pol, grow your own! Continued from page 4 i friend and not always T IOT SMOKING once more provides pusher unless he’s a fill my lungs with this sweet and gentle your fingers. At this stage of course the diateiy is, but what it potentially may be: good news copy for journalistic hacks then. grass. Nevertheless it seems far better effects will be mild but pleasant and the latter concept is not less real than that fateful decision and a cheap vehicle for publicly moraliz When I made for young people to smoke pot and reject By August flowering will begin and the former: a thing is what it may be, ing bishops and whiskey-saturated pur drugs (chemical or beer. plants approach full height and potency it is able ‘to be itself in otherness* (Bei- veyors of legalized drugs (your friendly S i " w - w As a reformed drug user, no longer to (3 to 8 feet). The flowers are very small sich-selbst-sein im Anderssein). It is the organic; again, was composted and family doctor). Prevailing public hysteria stnp of soured .unadulte£ ted | | be tumed-on with a prescription from and have a light whitish-green tint The act of reason, perception, which is not for and against this herb need not unduly 'unadulterated, the family pusher (the National Health male and female plans should be shaken mere passive understanding, that creates renewed w.th a smoke concern the anarchist who does not in H H a Service is the biggest drug-pushing con lightly together to achieve pollination. the world. The analytical, dissecting dulge in such intoxicants. Nevertheless —^w as home-grown. It is spiracy in the world), I feel it only right Moving them each day for their tan reason is actually in effect integrative, creat trusted because it - __ .. there are implications, besides persecu a journalistic my* tbat manjuana and just to disseminate that information treatment should do this. When shaken ing in freedom a totality out of the whole which will allow those who choose to the flowers throw out little bursts of world. The achievement of the world’s grow their own. If the rioting cop is pollen which greenly cover everything. real unity is a subjective act, the last and motivated to reprisal by this informative The first seeds will soon appear and it is highest achievement of reason. In the confession, he may well be warned not perhaps best to harvest when the plants ‘Philosophy of Mind’ (1803-1806) Hegel to attempt to plant any ‘evidence’ for it are half seed and half flower. Cut off all sketches an outline of the history of mind. is well known that I and my wife no leaves, buds, flowers and seed heads and Mind exists first as the universal, pri longer use any drugs whatsoever. cook as advised. Store in airtight con mitive consciousness of the community: A pound bag of hemp seed can be tainers. language is the first medium of analysis bought at most pet-food shops. Plant in It is the female plant which contains and of integration between the object and earthenware or clay pots only as plastic most of the required essence and its the subject of consciousness—it is also prevents oxygen flowing freely. Seed highest concentration is contained in the both ‘the first medium of community, and about March or early April in light* fer leaves and other foliage surrounding and the first lever of individual appropriation* tile soil in a plant-pot not smaller than encasing the fully ripened seeds of the (Reason and Revolution, p. 75). Next, 7 in. so as not to restrict the size of your plant. The pollen from the flowers of labour both integrates and particularizes plants. Scatter the seeds on the top of the male plant is also valuable and potent the community, private property is the your soil or about i in. below the sur and it is this which traditionally goes sign and regulator of antagonism within face. Seeds must be kept moist but never into the making of hashish. community, and lastly the competitive saturated as this inhibits germination Please do not dilute your pot with society producing commodities for ex and encourages mould. Germination tobacco. Nicotine is a poison and the change and profit achieves the concept of should occur in the first week, an obscene- weed is more effective as it is. I would the ‘contract’, a form of mutual recogni looking white feeler appearing out of the strongly advise against the use of all tion between competing individuals which seed and probing into the soil. Best not drugs but if you must use drugs use pot. considers each individual not in his con to overwater at this stage. If you must use pot, grow your own, tingent particularity but in his univer After about a month it is safe to give roll your own. sality, as a homogeneous part of the them sun-lamp treatment in the evening, This information was published in a whole. starting with three minutes and progress little magazine I co-edited in 1966. It All work and action is a mode of con ing to an hour a day. It is a proven fact was written by a comrade as an article, sciousness: ‘thinghood, which received that plants prosper if given plenty of love Hemp Cultivation Notes. I have modified its shape and form through labour, is no tion, prosecution and incarceration, which not be harvested in the cold and bitter and attention but do please be cool. To and changed this basic information, other substance than consciousness’ (‘The should interest all those who place value north of England. All that is needed is a stand at the window day after day as if guided by my own cultivation experience. Phenomenology of Mind’, quoted in upon individual freedom. If marijuana is window which catches the maximum transfixed and ecstatic is to arouse the In 1966 the comrade used a pseudonym Reason and Revolution, p. 177). The thing legalized it will no doubt be subjected to available amount of sunlight, a few plant- curiosity of many who, in their inno because he was a smoker and didn’t want hood of otherness is not an irreducible capitalist exploitation (with the tobacco pots,, a sun-lamp and friendly neighbours. cence, might broadcast your devotion in to risk arrest. In the present circum and solid prison of material necessity, complex slowly turning over to pot pro All intoxicants are in?,some degree harm the shops and streets. stances I feel it is information which but an achievement of the consciousness duction) and suffer taxation from the ful (and this includes coffee, tea and jerk- After about three months of such in needs to be given openly. This is best which integrates even as it negates. A corrupt State institution. Turn on with off magazines) but after a considerable tensive gardening some leaves will be done by somebody who doesn’t presently thing is both ‘being for,other’ (Anders Player’s pot and help British repression degree of personal experience, research brown or yellow and curled at the edges. use the stuff for in such cases the police sein) and ‘being-in-itself’ (Ansichsein), everywhere. If it is not made free there and experimentation, 1 truly consider pot Trim them off, dry them in the sun and are reluctant to frame. Up against the but at the same time what it is in itself will undoubtedly be increased police the least harmful and most beneficial of then discard the stalks. Put your leaves wall, Home Office Man. Leave the kids is what it is in relation "to the other; the activity and most available weed will all drugs. I would hesitate to give any in the lower part of your oven on a low alone. Leave them to the doing of negation and contradiction of self by continue to be contaminated with toxic body an aspirin but would willingly be to moderate gas. Leave for 10-15 minutes visions in their own chosen way. other is the process of existence—each and harmful additives. Never trust a stow pot upon them. No more will I them crumble the dry leaves to dust in D ave Cunliffe . new external condition and reaction is a phase in the growth of self, a mode of self-expression and self-realisation. ‘Natu ral things never attain a free being-for- (Entschlossenheit) which can be the pro The hedonism whiew accepts the super canons of music as they hammered on self; they remain being-for-other’; but in ject o n l y o f each individual existence, ficial desires of the individual, whether it Little Mags 'drum and string in competition to the The human world self-consciousness is the the total state demands total, duty with- accepts or seeks! merely to bypass the shouted poetic line. Their collected ‘nearest example , of the presence of in odt even allowing inquiry into the truth society which haslshaped or misshapen Continued from page 6 writings, as in their present magazine, finity* (Reason and Revolution, pp. 139- of such obligation; existentialism (here in them, is a hedonism which has lost sight ists were free and irresponsible their have little relevance except to the 140). Self-consciousness, even when most agreement with Kant) had celebrated the of its very beginning: desire is the reach latter converts are learned and pedantic. social historian but for those who che alienated and ideal, is the power of nega autonomous self-giving of duty as the ing out for sometfing that is not there, Surrealism can live only as long as rish the freedoms of the spoken or tion and creative existence. real dignity of man. . . . Existentialism a criticism of the mined iate reality: every it rejects that title for its voice is the written word the Fugs magazine is part The opening essay in Negations, ‘The collapses the moment its political theory living thing bears inis dynamic principle raucous gutter magazine, the graffito on of your Declaration. Struggle Against Liberalism in the Totali is realized. The total-authoritarian state of unrest and seeking in its being—man the lavatory wall of the Everyman Not for Robert Duncan and Peter tarian View of the State’, is less encyclo for which it longed gives the lie to all its uniquely is able to Intake out of the con Cinema and the non-conformist slogans Levi the erotic fey or the mannered paedic in its scope than the essays on truths. Existentialism accompanies its de sciousness and acceptance of his unrest a flaunted within the organised demon clowning of the mode. They have a ‘The Concept of Essence’ and ‘The Affir bacle with a self-abasement unique in form of stability. The Epicurean retreat stration of official protest. It is Inter tale to tell and each man marshals mative Character of Culture’. It is a the history o f ideas, bringing its own his from restlessness into philosophical tran national Times with v a recipe for the telling phrase to evoke the emo more detailed examination of liberalism’s tory to end as a satyr play. In philo quillity is a perverse-lnd shallow imagin Christmas pudding, Albert Meltzer de tion of the moment. Each man’s betrayal of the Hegelian idea of self- sophy, existentialism begins as the anta ation of the human craving for a perma fending Peter Neville against the wrath sonorous chant rolls down the Iin&i consciousness during the hundred years gonist in a great debate with Western nent and secure identity: the only of Caroline Coon and an advertise page yet, as the eye travels the mind before national socialism: rationalism and idealism, intending to satisfaction of the ontological desperate ment for Pregnancy Testing in the ad discards for the unifying theme be- save their conceptual content by injecting ness is in its transcendence: vertising column used exclusively by comes submerged under the weight of ‘THe liberalist rationalization of econo it in to . the historical concretion of indi male homosexuals and all in the same mannered phrases. While reading the mic life (as of social organization in vidual existence. It ends by radically \ . . Pleasure perishes, inasmuch as issue. works of these two poets one’s mind general) is essentially private. It is tied denying its own origin; the struggle the cautious, measured, and withdrawn But for all that I accept, of my ego is, correctly or incorrectly, drawn to to the rational practice of the individual against reason drives it blindly into the relationship of the individual to men and ism, John Lyle’s magazine for the the poetry of Tennyson and one real economic subject or of a multiplicity of arms of the powers that be. In their ser things resists their dominion over him poetry of Ken Smith and George Melly izes that Tennyson’s virtue lay in the individual economic subjects. In the end, vice and with their protection, it, turns precisely where this dominion brings real even though they do genuflect towards fact that his central theme always of course, the rationality o f liberalist traitor to the great philosophy that it happiness: as enjoyable abandon. In the the heresy of concrete poetry. The Fugs dominated his poetry so that while the practice is supposed to demonstrate itself formerly celebrated as the culmination antagonistic ordering of existence, happi are the Fugs and their erotic baby talk beautiful and isolated phrase might in the whole and characterize the whole, of Western thought? (pp. 38, 40-41.) ness is encountered asksomething with- is valid within their magazine because cling to the mind the main purpose but this whole itself is outside the sphere drawn from the autonomy of the indivi they long ago had the courage to of the poem was always paramount of rationalization. The harmony of The intellect abhors a vacuum. The dual, something thatWcan be neither pioneer much of the literary' freedoms But men have been rescued from obli general and private interests is supposed choice is not between living by the light achieved nor controlled^ by reason. The that we now accept. There are refer vion on the strength of a single telling to result of itself from the undisturbed of the intellect, and relying upon the in element of extraneoustyss, contingency, ences within the Surrealist Transforma phrase so in justice to Peter Levi and course of private practice. On principle timations of the impressionable, unguided and gratuitousness is here an essential tion that would never have been Robert Duncan let the last words be it is not subject to criticism, nor does it sensibility: it is between a sensibility component of happiness. lt is just in this printed were it not for the Americans with them in that order ‘I Was Asleep fall within the bounds of rational pro acted upon by and in its turn acting upon externality, in this innocept, unburdened, such as Ed Saunders and Tuli Kupfer- In Heaven/Now It Is Evening/and Shall jects for practice. . . . The structure and the concepts of the intellect which seek harmonious conjunction of the individual berg whose small magazines deliberately We Swallow The Cup Of Our Life?* order of the whole are ultimately left to to penetrate it, and a sensibility lost in with something in the world, that pleasure challenged the vicious American legal and ‘The prime Evil is/That which has irrational forces: an accidental “Har the blind wilderness of obscure and un consists? (p. 170.) system. They formed, with others, the power over you*. mony", a “natural balance?'. The plausi considered images. ‘The philosophers Fugs group and happily ruined all the Arthur Moyse . bility of liberalist rationalism thus ceases have hitherto been content to explain It is this sense of the other, this immediately when, with the intensifica the world; our task is now to change it.’ acceptance of the fragility'of our own tion of social conflict and economic crises, Marcuse almost turns Marx on his head: unity and identity, which constitutes our general “harmony” becomes increasingly he goes back beyond Marx to Hegel, and most exquisite joy. And in* his essay on tary servitude in production and con improbable. At this point liberalist theory out of Hegel he extracts the meat of Norman Brown written three decades sumption, the subject of free enterprise must grasp at irrational justifications.’ revolution: to understand the world is later Marcuse reaffirms that the real and free election of masters. There is even (pp. 17-18.) to change it, the truly revolutionary human relationship, love itself, is not a such a thing as property which is a factor action is a mode of consciousness, action mystical obscuring of this sense but its and ingredient of true freedom (Marx The most exciting part of the essay is is the contacting of self and other, the intensification: knew it well); that which is properly mine Marcuse’s exposure of the spurious claim only revolutionary object and the only because I am different from you and can to be the true guardian and spokesman revolutionary way is clarity of intellect T o be sure, "alle Lust will Fwigkelt”, be with and for you only in this difference of particular humanity against abstract achieved through a continuous renewal but this eternity can only be that of the —boundaries to be enjoyed by you and idealism. The immediate apolitical man of encounter, contact and negation. This ever-returning moments ofkjoy, of the by me. And there are “others”, strangers of existentialism becomes on the social is utopian and gigantic, but this is the ever-returning solution of tension. Ten who must remain strangers, must not level the endorsement of the total state character of revolution: it is the character sion can be made nonaggccssive, non epter my domain or yours because there which is present everywhere all the lime also of intellect, it is through contradic destructive, but it can never be eliminated, is no pre-established harmony, and their . . , and existentialism abolishes itself: tion that the unity and identity of our because (Freud knew it well) jfc elimina otherness is not based on any economic being are shaped however we may seek tion would be death—not in any symbolic position . social status, racial or national ‘Existentialism was originally based on to deny it. We are revolutionaries whether but in a very real sense. And we still heritage but on their own self and own the “private?' character o f individual we will or not. want to live, within our boundaries and body with its own drives, pleasures, existence, its irremovable, personal “al - It is in the essay ‘On Hedonism’ that divisions, which we want to make our sorrows. . . Eros lives in the division ways-being-my-own” (Jemeinigkeit). The Marcuse expresses most clearly his con own instead of leaving their determi and boundary between subject and object, total state takes over total responsibility viction of the irrepressible revolutionari nation to our fathers and leaders and man and nature? (pp. 237-238.) for the individual existence; existentialism ness of thinking. The very idea of human representatives. For there is such a thing had claimed the inalienable self-responsi happiness—the idea that there is a possi as the Self, the Person-—it does not yet Martin Small . Subscribers bility of existence. The total state decides bility. of unhappiness, that there is a exist hut it must be attained, fought for existence in all its dimensions; existen tension in life between two possibilities— against all those who are preventing its tialism had put forth as the fundamental points beyond the satisfactoriness of an emergence and who substitute for it an (The first part of this article was printed category of existence that “decidedness” immediate merely personal gratification. illusory self, namely, the subject of volun- in the January supplement of F reedom .) Wanted I IRISH LABOURERS IN BRITAIN
(a television transcript) building industry due to the low wages a craftsman is expected to go to work parts of Ireland, are afraid to join Trade that he and other M 6' bu,lders ™ for 7/- or 8/-. This is purely ludicrous. Unions for a number of reasons. They paying, because the average u am gaot A man who has served 5 or 6 years’ feel they are not used to this in the first TN OUR STUDIOS in London by Therefore he must have exploited them. who comes to London u faoed W * the apprenticeship, or in the case of the so- place—they feel, in their own words— *■ courtesy of the BBC, we have Mr. There must have been a surplus, other prospect of working 00 hls and called unskilled navvy, who is in fact a they are tainted with Communism and Jack Fitzpatrick whose grandfather was wise he couldn’t have expanded his Socialism and this is a point for Mr. F., business. Now on the actual rates of pay, drawing £12 or going fo[ °ne skilled operator, who has got to know Irish, came from Cork, who is one of the of these ‘animals’ and taking his chance the industry, is expected to go to work that if they joined a TU any organiser biggest contractors in Britain arid most Mr. Fitzpatrick and other contractors in England pay a basic rate of 7/- per hour of getting bis £23 or & that Mr- *** for less money than that is—it seems to or organised person is likely to be dis of whose workers are, in fact, Irish. And criminated against by other Irish em also we have Mr. Brian Behan who has to building trade labourers. This works Patrick speaks of. me that the building industry, unless it ployers. True or false Mr. F.? written and spoken many times about the out at £14 per week on a basic week, and J.O’D. Well, Mr. Fitzf^trick—are you shakes itself up and really establishes a decent basic rate, is going to have real problems of Irish labourers in Britain. if you take your tax and national health going to take the responsibility for being Mr. F. Never heard of it before. Per out of that it is perfectly possible to the original source of what Brian Behan trouble on their hands, and to come back Mr. Fitzpatrick, can I put the main again to this business of sub-contractors haps Sir, Brendan Behan might be able points to you first of all? Fr. Anthenasius which Mr. Fitzpatrick has avoided, he to reply to that. says that quite simply, quite bluntly, that cannot deny that the mass of the industry Irish contractors, and he lays stress on is now on the so-called lump. He cannot B.B. Well I am Brian Behan and my this, offer bad pay to Irish labourers for deny that the industry is going more and brother is dead. Now I have been dis the longest hours they can get from them. more over to sub-contracting and a recent criminated against. I have been put on a Do you think this is true and fair? Government enquiry criticised both the national blacklist by a builder, Terson90 union and the building trade employers which he sent to every site in the country I think the good man is sadly missing so that, I don’t know about Mr. Fitz the point. for the development of sub-contracting, and said in effect, that the unions and patrick’s firm, but the majority of the Well, tell me why, give me examples London Master Builders Association em why he is not, obviously he wouldn’t say the building employers should do some thing to make conditions in the industry ploy a blacklist and use it actively. this on such a public occasion unless he J.O’D. Brian, you can’t regard your felt he had some grounds for it. better, so that the sub-contractor wouldn’t be employing labour on the scale that self in all fairness as an ordinary simple Well, at the present time the labourers he is on. quiet trade unionist, you cause an awful and craftsmen in our industry are enjoy lot of trouble over there. J.O’D. Over to you, Mr. Fitzpatrick. ing rates of pay, the like of which they B.B. I would argue that it is not the never experienced before. There is a Mr. F. Well, two points—first of all real reason why Irishmen don’t use trade great shortage of them and when there is Mr. Behan mentioned the rate of pay that unions here. The reason why most Irish a shortage of craftsmen, a shortage of some young women are getting as com men don’t join trade unions is that un any type of manpower, obviously they pared with the building and civil en fortunately work is their religion not are not going to be subjected to any form gineering industry. Now I must remind Roman Catholicism. Most Irishmen of exploitation, and this is quite ludicrous. Mr. Behan that there is a conciliation really believe in work whether it is a sex I think he was speaking particularly board. Both sides are represented—the supplementation or whatever it is, they about unskilled labour; you were men employers and the employees—and these are the most easily exploited, they are tioning craftsmen but he mentioned in rates of pay are fixed with this joint con the most profitable source of labour. particular that by the time they paid walk out of the job with £12. Now to calls ‘animals’? ciliation board and we are not permitted You could put them down a hole and their digs and their travel and incidental suggest that building site wages have Mr. F. Now I think that is a word he really to pay more than this rate of pay they would dig their way to Australia. expenses that they would only be taking never been as high is ludicrous. Six years dreamed up on the spur of the moment. that has been agreed by this gentleman J.O’D. On that question, Mr. F.—you home £14-£15 basic pay. ago I earned 10/- to 11/- an hour as a He refers to the basic wage rate'of 7/- sitting on my right. know the reputation of the Irish worker It is difficult to say precisely what their bricklayer. I am working today for 9/-. per hour. Well, nobody works for the B.B. It is very convenient for Mr. —or at least the Irishman generally, has basic take-home pay is after they have The fluctuations are either way. But the basic rate. If a man comes on the job Fitzpatrick that the Government should been a lazy man. What’s your experience? paid their lodgings because I have no real point I think that the holy Father and wants employmefit, the first thing he refuse to allow him to pay more money. is getting at—he is not really speaking Mr. F. What’s the opposite word of means of knowing what they pay for asks is ‘what’s the rate?’ If you tell him I mean in fact the conciliation board of lazy? Energetic? Determined? Diligent? their lodgings, but I would think that this even about contractors like Fitzpatrick it’s the official rate;!! 7/- an hour, he which he speaks is composed of a couple who do exploit men, otherwise they Definitely not lazy, the greatest working is, well, to say the least, a little on the laughs at you, in fact‘'you daren’t suggest of so-called Trade Union representatives men in the world. low side. I don’t think there are any wouldn’t be in business—he is speaking it to him. who are really in Mr. Fitzpatrick’s men in the civil engineering and building really about sub-contractors. He is speak pocket. And who regularly receive B.B. It is a pity he is so energetic, it is industry today who are grossing less than ing about the kind of animal who waits at B.B. Well, this isjall very Well, you knighthoods as a result of their services a pity he is not like the Jamaicans, have £23 or £24 a week. In the summer Camden Town, picks up labour at 7 see. It is perfectly tijie that many con —Sir Luke Fossett, Sir Harry Adams— a lie down an odd time. particularly. o’clock, drags them 50 miles on an open tractors are paying 3cl., 6d., 9d. and 1/- they’re not union men at all. If there J.O’D. Do you really feel, Mr. F., that bloody lorry without insurance or bene over the rate. I don’t dispute that for Brian Behan, can I bring you in there was a real union in Britain, even on the Irish people who go over there without fits or anything else, and who at the end one moment. I’m getting 9/-. My basic rate scale that exists in Ireland, then Mr. Fitz at this stage? 7/8drbat-my- pmnr^s-'thrat this rate in education are not in fact the hewers of of the day, said to one of ray mates wfio" patrick and other people w ould have to w ood and drawers of water, and therefore You certainly can. I disagree com went to work, start and you will get itself, even with the additional 6d., 9d. set their house in order. liable to exploitation? pletely with Mr. Fitzpatrick. I think the £3 10s. per day. Now at the end of the or 1/-, is ludicrousTwhen you compare it Priest is right, he is obviously right. day the sub-contractor said, ‘I am going to a woman uptown herein London that J.O’D. Can I put to both of you one Mr. F. I have never heard the word in I mean Mr. Fitzpatrick has made a lot to give you 50/-, come back tomorrow adverts, in the Evening Standard —Short- of the other criticisms which Fr. , A. conjunction with our industry. Exploita of money from Irish labour because he and I will give you your other pound,’ hand/Typist put in by people probably made. It is not a criticism. He com tion is a word that I heard for the first employs mainly Irishmen, otherwise he Now Mr. Fitzpatrick has a responsibility like Mr. Fitzpatrick—9/- and 10/- per mented that Irish labour was particularly time in connection with our industry when would not be such a big contractor. for the growth of sub-contracting in the hour, whereas a building site labourer or from the Irish-speaking, the Gaeltacht, I walked into the studio. It is ridiculous.
BOOK REVIEW guerillas who also kept diaries, find time cluded in this edition. One of them be to write so much?), but he does not gins quaintly, ‘I arrived in Bolivia after seem to have inflicted any serious punish passing through the United States by THE GENTLE GUERILLA ments on anyone. The Bolivian soldiers mistake.’ There are also some interest he captured in his early successes he ing photographs. One of them is from released unharmed. At the end he could Guevara’s false passport, which he used THE COMPLETE BOLIVIAN DIARIES army, but without much enthusiasm for ported him the most he could have have saved himself and his men for a to enter Bolivia. It shows him with a OF CHE GUEVARA, edited by Daniel either. The miners and students, struggl achieved would have been a permanent time had he cut the throat of an old bald, shaven head, no beard and heavy- Janies. George Allen and Unwin, 42/-. ing against the regime at the very time guerilla war, going on for years, in the peasant woman. When his enemies caught rimmed spectacles. The disguise is com Guevara appeared, showed little interest forests and mountains, which could have him they did not show him the same pletely successful. He looks like a real HE GUEVARA ACHIEVED fame as in him, possibly for the same reason. been contained at little cost to the mercy. ‘smoothiechops \ C a revolutionary hero in Cuba, but And he does not seem to have bothered United States. My feeling is that this is where he won But one is left wondering why the he did not last long in Bolivia. What much with them either. The crucial thing I believe is that they his real victory. This is an age which men were encouraged to keep diaries. went wrong? In the early stages of his South America is too far away from did not support him, either because they uses the word ‘ruthless’ as an expression In warfare this is usually discouraged in campaign he was winning, despite the the Communist countries which might are content with their conditions, what of approval. And now one of the case the diaries fall into the hands of the amateurishness of his little army. If the have been expected to send help. The ever they may be, or because they acknowledged heroes of our time turns enemy. And why photos? The same peasants had supported him he would Vietnamese war goes on because supplies guessed that they were to be used in a out to have been a ‘kid-glove’ fighter (in applies to them surely? Guerillas should probably be fighting still, building up for and reinforcements can be sent in from power struggle. A guerilla band can Bolivia at any rate, whatever he may not take snaps of each other as if they himself a legendary personality, a modem North Vietnam and from China, and be hardly survive or achieve anything unless have been in Cuba, a person’s character were on a picnic. It almost looks as if T. E. Lawrence with a Left-wing and cause the Americans dare not invade the the local inhabitants support it. is not necessarily consistent throughout Guevara and his men were more in South American background. North for fear of a war with China, Although theoretically ruthless, in life). The real enemy is not the Ameri terested in posterity than in the present. Quite a lot of explanations have been which might entail a war with Russia actual practice Guevara seems to have can or Russian Empires, but the attitude The younger generation are right to put forward, that he did not know the and the final extinction of everything. been a rather mild guerilla. He is scath of mind which holds it legitimate to take Che Guevara to their hearts. He country, that Castro did not support him If Bolivia had had a common frontier ing about the indiscipline of his little murder old women who may inform. was no Zapata or Makhno, but he was a sufficiently, that he was a good subordi with China or Russia Che Guevara’s band, the stealing of food from the Guevara was like George Orwell who brave, inconsistent, muddled and at the nate but not so good on his own, that he strategy would have made sense. As it common stock, way some of the refused to shoot at a Franco soldier, who end humane man, who pitted himself was able to cope with the ill-organised was, by going into Bolivia, he isolated Cuban veterans seemed to expect the was bolting in terror out of a latrine with almost single-handed against the Ameri Bolivian army but not with the Ameri himself. And Castro, for reasons of his others to wait on them, the brawling and his trousers at half-mast. can colossus. can-trained troops who finally caught own, failed to publicise his struggle. So muddle. He jets off steam in the pages Along with Guevara’s diary several him, and so on. that even if the local people had sup of his diary (how did he, and the other shorter diaries by his followers are in A rthur W. U loth . Guevara was not of course an indigen ous peasant rebel. He picked on Bolivia as a place to start *a second Vietnam*. His theory being that to break the power of LITTLE MAGS REVIEW United States imperialism it will be necessary to create ‘more Vietnams’. Thus the US would become weakened. It is an appalling proposition. You The Old Nostalgia Rides Again have to choose somebody's country and turn it into a shambles. One is not likely to get much support from the local SURREALIST TRANSFORMATION 2. TN the dying closes of the Surrealist to Eluard, Mesens, Magritte, Arp, Bre is the true testament and solemnly people if they realise whal -your inten Published by Transformation Peeks, L Transformation, the unknown ton, Rivera, Feodorov, Bunuel and and poe facedly offer their homage to tion is, however exploited they may be. Harpford, Sid mouth, Devon. author of the magazine’s Note Book Ernst before taking off into outer space the gods of their own private temple Of course in the long run their condi THE FUGS SONG BOOK! Published follows an attack on millionaires and and beyond time to incorporate Lichten- and attempt to recreate their examples tions would improve if the United States by Peace Eye Bookshop, 383 E. 10th St,,booksellers P# stating that ‘There is berg, yea even William Godwin. It is a of surrealism in the manner of the Empire were to be overthrown, but it N.Y. 10009, USA. Price 13/6. Limited another form of ikon-worship at a fault that many anarchists share for the Great Tradition that flowered during would be likely to be a very long run. edition of 500. lower income-level : little magazines true believers tend to take themselves the youth of the contributors. What How far Guevara went in explaining his PASSAGES 22-27 OF THE WAR. Price which bulk their pages with surrealist too seriously as the guardians of the they refuse to accept is that one can purpose to the Indians of Bolivia I have 10/-, and writing of 40 /ears ago—usually in bad flame and it is they who try to codify no longer produce surrealist painting no idea. He seems to have made no PANCAKE FOR THE QUEEN OF translations-— while claiming to be in the the ephemeral scribblings of the caf6 or writing for the maverick efforts of secret of it to the rest of the world, and BABYLON. Price 5/-. Published by Anvil vanguard ol lbc surrealist revolution.’ tables into a code of law. The grey the inter-war years have now become probably the Indians realised what he Press Poetry,5 Carew Road, Northwood, Thoughtless words to have written, ancients of the surrealist movement have incorporated into the general body of intended. Their attitude to him and his Middx. for here midcr review is this little now been enshrined in the pantheon our culture and to use the label surreal band seems to have been neither very INTERNATIONAL TIMES No. 46. Pub magazine fr® Q? references to the old of the glossy publishing houses yet ism is to tie oneself to a narrow and friendly nor very hostile. They co- lished at 27 Endell Street, W.C.2, Price guard of the surrealist movement and a each editor of' each small magazine sectarian past. Where the caf6 surreal- rated with him and with the Bolivian 1/ 6 . name dropPin« that *oe® back 40 years weeps before God that his magazine Continued on page 5 FIFTH COLUMN The Right lo be Lei Alone Dockers n p HE BIG FLAME which I mentioned idea two weeks ago was indeed a re SPEAK OUT, Number Two, Privacy, don’t much like the , . of people’s a sort of Byzantine or Oriental despotic made. In fact my feeling on reading this markable film. An unofficial strike in published by the National Council for paper was one of near suicidal despair. habits and movement* . recorded situation, where everyone spies upon the Liverpool docks suddenly became Civil Liberties, 4 Camden High Street, The technology we now possess makes it centrally. It is an j> io n ° f privacy. everyone else, and no one is safe. a bid for workers’ control. The dockers N.W.I., 1/- for 10 copies. all so easy, while who is against it? A But I like even less the »<¥ A lt we raay Efforts have been made in Parliament handful of anarchists, a few old-style not be using every PoS„s‘b]e "leans to introduce a Right of Privacy Bill. They took over the port and ran it for have not been successful so far. Speak five days until the police moved in to ITHERTO space, time, material liberals, some cranks scattered here and fight crime: that in an age when some Out says: crush them. Hobjects (walls, doors, etc.) and human there and some traditionalist, old- criminals are highly soc'fty fashioned authoritarians. may be handicapping >tseIf m °PP°smg ‘What is needed, above all, is guaran There were times during The Big inefficiency were a more or less sufficient teed protection for every citizen under Flame when the leading agitator seemed protection for the liberty of the indivi Everyone else believes that ‘You can’t them.’ r , . . , E Thank you, Mr. Hetherington! On Article 12 of the Universal Declaration to be delivering a rather forced political dual, unless the authorities or some stop progress’ or ‘Well, the Government your way to the concentration camp 1 of Human Rights.’ lecture. But generally the film was equally remorseless enemy were searching has to know where everybody is, haven’t hope you will remember that last state This article declares: convincing: you felt as you watched for him. Thanks to modern science this they?’ To which one can only reply, ment. Myself, I would say fhat the state ‘No one shall be subjected to arbitrary that this was how it could happen. is no longer the case, and devices exist ‘Progress towards what?’ and ‘Why?*. is the main criminal in. this affair, and interference with his privacy, family, And certain moments, such as the refer which can overcome all these obstacles. Knowing full well as one answers that that society is an accessory after the fact home or correspondence, nor to attacks ence to Joe Hill, were very moving. Space is conquered by modern means of one might as well try to imprint one’s upon his honour and reputation. Every transportation, time is overcome by the words upon the wind. Whether the mul if it allows freedom to be whittled away one has the right to the protection of the computer, which can store on a small titude, or the vast majority of them, are in order to catch a few Mafiosi here and law against such interference.’ Communicator piece of magnetic tape all the facts that fundamentally obedient and conformist, there. One is inclined to be cynical about ORINNA ADAM who edits Minority the authorities are ever likely to want as our friends the anarcho-individualists In the United States the credit card Declarations of Human Rights and such C Report for the New Statesman has about an individual, material obstacles maintain, or whether those who object system contains the complete structure succeeded in giving it the unmistakable can be rendered null by various listening to being regulated from birth to death by of totalitarian control in embryo, perhaps like, but as the only movement devoted to the defence of the individual within flavour of women’s magazines. She gadgets, and human inefficiency can be bureaucracy and machine form a sizeable not even in embryo. ‘A typical credit file existing society, the NCCL deserves our seems convinced that her subjects, mi countered, again by means of the com minority of the population, the fact seems contains a person’s address, family status, norities, are intrinsically dull and need puter, at least to some extent, since the beyond dispute that the big battalions place of employment, approximate salary, wholehearted support. No one knows to be presented in a specially bright and computer forgets nothing. Though if it are on the side of ‘1984’. credit income, charge accounts, payment that he may not be the next victim of has been incorrectly ‘programmed’ it can Thus Mr. H. A. Hetherington, editor inoome and even, in the case of insurance arbitrary despotism. clever way. produce consequences ranging from the of the Guardian, says; company files, medical and hospital re Arthur W. Uloth . I would not mention her trivial and disastrous to the hilarious or the merely ‘Given the unit beat system, given the cords and “moral hazards’/-—extramarital Note. The address of the National tiresome rubbish at all were it not annoying. care with which information from alert affairs, homosexuality, heavy drinking or Council for Civil Liberties is: NOCL, for the following reference to the com The National Council for Civil Liber constables on their beats is being stored other social observations which could 4 Camden High Street, London, N.W.l. munications industry: ties is not a revolutionary organisation, and collated, given that anything which affect the risk. It is no longer a question . . . should a reorganised set-up and it believes that these dangers can be attracts their attention can legitimately of “whether” total documentation on the include all workers, printers, camera countered to some extent at least by be put in—-and given also all the infor lives of every individual in the country men and such? And would that mean legislation. - Anarchists should not despise mation going in from the CID-—are we will be quickly and inexpensively avail total victory in editorial content for it on that account. Legislation which not then well on the way to 1984?’ able, but “when”, “by. whom”, and BLACK FLAG the well-paid Powellite workers ? limits the power of authority is always He points out the possibility of a link “under what circumstances”.’ (Richard I. Well-paid is not surprising: it is an to be welcomed, even though we are not between the police computer and those Miller, Datamation, September, 1968.) axiom of the bourgeois that working- naive enough to believe that authority computers dealing with national health The law gives little protection. Techno OVER DUBLIN class people earn too much money. But will always play the game by its own and insurance records. ‘There will be logy has advanced at such speed that it that word Powellite applied to printers, rules. quite a rumpus when people realise what has left the law behind. And in any ATURDAY, FEBRUARY 15, saw the cameramen and such may have done This issue of Speak Out discusses the this central computer can do.’ My bet is case whenever have those in authority S Anarchist black flag flying high for Miss Adam’s journalistic career some various threats to privacy. These include that there will be no rumpus at all, ex objected to using sometfling that is likely the first time in Dublin, when it headed damage. Even in the New Statesman telephone tapping, the use of computers cept among ‘the stage army of the good’, to increase their control over the lives of a protest march organised by the Alliance you can’t call most of the workers in to record all the significant facts of an the anarchists and other assorted cranks others? The only thin® that is likely to of Libertarian and Anarchist Groups in an industry fascist without somebody individual’s private life, the rights of in listed above. Just how feeble the objec give them pause, apart from traditionalist Ireland and the Irish Black Cross Com getting upset. numerable officials to enter homes with tion to this sort of thing really is is sentiment about ‘an Englishman’s rights’, mittee to the Spanish Embassy in Alles- out permission, the use of students as demonstrated by Mr. Hetherington him is the thought that ‘bugging devices’ and bury Road, to protest against the State Teachers spies, the activities of professional'debt- self, for He then goes on to say: computers may be used against them, by of Emergency, the suppression of stu collectors, the right which has recently ‘The balance of choice is. delicate; I rivals within the governing class, creating dents and workers and the treatment of OOME DAYS AGO there was an been accorded the police to break in any political prisoners. LJ encouraging development in the where at any time if they suspect the pre About 40-70 turned up, including the National Association of Schoolmasters’ sence of illegal drugs, a n d la st but not Students for Democratic Action in which campaign against the recent pay deal least, industrial espionage, now quite an Jumble Sale UCD anarchists are active, the Trotskyite for teachers: four members of the industry, with its myriads of ‘bugging’ Young Socialists and the Stalinist * Con National Union of Teachers walked Dear Friends, devices. nolly Youth Movement. out of a London school. They were This issue is also decorated with the I intend to organize some action in Most people on the sidewalk did not protesting against the suspension by photograph of an enlarged fingerprint,, this area moving towards an end to, the understand the^^ignificance- of the black the ILEA of NAS members in another just to remind us of the scheme proposed Wefr^in Biafra. A joint aim is sought; flag. We distributed 1,000 leaflets. Sinister London school. _thal<~of relief and to stop the warT a couple of years ago to fingerprint the men in raincoats took photographs. When One of the NUT members was quoted entire population. This idea was not To raise funds a jumble sale is to the press arrived and asked who organ as saying that teachers in other London be held at Percy Boys’ Club, Bath, on greatly objected to at the time, even by middle of St. 'Clements and right in ised it, everyone replied that they did not schools might also come out. Now is the intelligentsia, whose main argument March 22 at 2.30 p.m. We have the line with the ■ helming chimney. In know. This annoyed the press who could an appropriate time for solidarity action against it seemed to be that it would not use of the hall for the whole day—so fact, the people would be better staying not understand spontaneous organizing, by NUT members and by those teachers be technically practicable! Mentally if anyone cares to come along to in the slums nearby, for when the which was what it was. who are in neither union. If the these gentlemen are living in the discuss the matter over a cup of coffee, wind’s in the eastyjlvou can’t see the Although it was small, the people (and ILEA .gets away with its repressive eighteenth century. It is perfectly feasible, all are welcome. , top of the skyscraperVfor foul smoke. the Special Branch) know we’re here, suspensions the already weak position and will certainly be attempted if a I need support both with goods and Workers erecting the flats thought the and that freedom is on the way—-or is it? of teachers will obviously get weaker. stronger protest against it than this is not sellers/buyers. council must haveimeen mad. Don’t S.P. If you could find a space in Freedom shout it too loud, boys, they are! The to give it a mention I shall be very local paper, in one of^its more radical The Professor grateful. moments (it breaks jout like that from TN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY Yours fraternally, time to time, but after a day or so WORKERS’ MUTUAL AID intellectuals have largely abandoned MOVING FUND Onslow House, Tony Jefferies. it’s Tory business asliisual), has given the practice of trying to paint new, Weston Road, the affair the full treatment. The way Against all political parties coherent pictures of the whole world: Target is £500. Bath BA 1 2XX, Somerset in which officials and ;%>uncillors passed Policy outlined in first pamphlet Marx and Freud have no contemporary Donations to date: £441 14s. 3d. the buck, were conveniently ‘not avail l/3d. (post free) from equivalents. But people generally—in Vicious Sentence able’, or declined to eprpment, staggered cluding intellectuals—take for granted PREMISES FUND the reporters on the stqry. F. EMMETT, that their- views on one subject are Target is £1,000 per year. Dear Friends, What will be done now? The answer 35 Micheldever Road, consistent with their views on another. On Friday, February 21, Danny Rogan Both professors and peasants tend to 1969 Pledges honoured and donations is probably nothing.!jP'his incredible to date: £125 19s. Od. reappeared at Doncaster Magistrates piece of bureaucratic incompetence leaves London, S.E.12. have political and cultural attitudes which Court after his 20 days in jail for a only two solutions—tear' down the block are part of a general philosophy about medical report. He was sentenced for (and as a hard-pressed.'ratepayer I’m what goes on in the world—even if they the ‘serious offence’ of displaying an damned if I’m shelling out for another) abhor the word philosophy or have anti-war collage in the window of his or shift the factory,;, wjiich can’t be SCOTTISH EDITION not come across it. peace centre, to a 3-month prison sen done. The people of St. Clements should Roy Fuller, the new Professor of tence suspended for 2 years and a £20 now give their councillors pell. Aberdeen Out on May 31 Poetry at Oxford University, is no Hold II! fine. He intends lodging an appeal Anarchists will certainly p in g out our exception to this generalisation. In his against this vicious sentence. Needless candidate, Mr. Guy Fawftes, who stood Comrades wanted for sellingfirst lecture he attacks contemporary FINANCIAL STATEMENT to say whilst spending his 20 days in in Woodside last year. If Mr. Fawkes critics for their lack of cultural standards prison Danny lost his job. doesn’t appear on the HMl&t: paper, and distribution. and the revolting young for ‘ineffec Estimated Expenses: Mike Baillie . tual Bohemianism, artistic arrogance and then perhaps the good people would Contact Freedom Press. 9 weeks at £90: £810 like to add his name, j^pomc back, political violence’. Income: Sales and Subs.: £658 Gas M asks Guy Fawkes, all is forgiven!’ In a key passage he complains that Jan S. Sutherland . those dissatisfied with universities from DEFICIT: £152 children will not be able to stay on. below . . . demand freedom from their in the Bathroom P We are thinking of organizing a Ball knowledge being assessed or to pursue PRESS FUND A BERDEEN TOWN COUNCIL never Kirkdale School to raise money and I was wondering knowledge in some random or unhistori- Todmorden: G.B. £2; Wolverhampton: * * make little mistakes. When they if someone who was concerned with cal mode. Such demands, such freedom, J.K.W.* 2/-; J.L.* 3/-; Liverpool: M.C. drop clangers (about one a minute on Needs organizing the Anarchist Balls that used I see merely as analogous to the in 3/-; London: A.W, 1/6; Birmingham: L.C. average), you can hear the bang miles to bo held could give me some infor sistence of many young creative artists .5/8; Newcastle, NJS.W.: B.C. 14/6; Wel away. This time, they’ve even excelled Dear Comrades, mation—-in particular what bar and to be relieved of the necessity of lington: J.P. 3/-; Southall: D.S. 5/-; Roch their own record. £600,000 of rate As many of FuiiiiPOM’s readers will catering arrangements were made. Also draughtsmanship or of ever arranging dale: D.C. 12/-; Wishnw, Mass.: I N. 8/-; payers’ money has been thrown down know, Kirkdale Progressive -School was if anyone has contacts with bands or their verses in stanzas. Glasgow: A.J. 1/8; Pittston, Pa.: A.R. the drain, or, it might be more literally started in Sydenham nearly years other suitable performers, who would And again: The rejection of a set of £7/8/4; Oxford: Anon* 5/-; Wolverhamp true lo say, has gone up in a belching ago, with two members of staff and be prepared to give their services free disciplines felt to be merely repressive ton: J.K.W.* 2/-; J.L.* 3/-; R.W. 5/-; cloud of sulphurous smoke. three pupils. It is run on §ummcrhill —we need at least one well-known band or unuseful is not proposed to be fol J.W. S i Woodstock, Vt.: E.S. £5; Shef The residents of Aberdeen’s rotting lines except for the natural differences to draw people in. Also if anyone lowed by the adoption of disciplines field: D.J. 5/2; Capcl Curig: H.D. 5/8; St. Clements Ward have long bad to in being an urban day school, and is prepared to help with decorations, more apt but by the mere absence of London, S.E.24: LB. 2/6; London: D. 5/-; live with the joys (and smells) of the catering for a younger age range. Also ticket selling (prior to the Ball), etc. discipline. Gotcborg: J.S. 5/6; London: Anon 5/6. fertiliser plant of Scottish Agricultural although there is no compulsion to Our vague plan at the moment is It is hardly surprising that Lenin TOTAL: £19 17 0 Industries. The muck, filth and pong attend lessons, the teachers are enthu for some sort of costume ball with a is one of the Professor’s heroes and (Previously Acknowledged: £153 9 11 emanating from this establishment is siastic and much exciting work is done particular theme, to be hold at South anarchism a, pet hate. But he is not one of the reasons why people in the in the classrooms. wark Chapter House in early May, and content to call the young rebels anar 1969 Total to Date: £173 6 11 area are being rehoused. Being rehoused There are now about 40 children in to sell tickets at 2 guineas a head chists: they are ‘unconsciously right- Defiicit B/F: £152 0 0 slowly, some houses there have been the school, ranging from | | to H years. (students l guinea) which would include wing’. This is a calmer and less offensive condemned since 1945! As we have kept fees as low as possible a buffet meal. term than the old ‘objective social TOTAL SURPLUS: £21 6 11 So, jn order lo get people away from wc arc constantly in the red financially, If anyone can offer any help or advice, fascist* but ihe meaning is the same: the menace of the SAI 200-fool chimney, and now arc faced with the ig?£®Mity would they please write to me or phone Professor Fuller sees the spectre of ♦Denotes Regular Contributor. the far-seeing bureaucrats built a huge of raising about £400, in order to the school (778 0149). fascism not behind Enoch Powell but new multi-storey block, all spit and