The Archaeology of the Fall 2010 Instructor: Allison Davis ([email protected]) Meeting time: MWF 2:00 pm (tentative)

Further reading for those who develop deeper interests and just can’t get enough!

Week 1: Introduction to the course and Andean archaeology Wednesday, September 1: Introduction to the course Burger, R. L. (1992). Introduction. Chavin and the Origins of Andean Civilization. London, Thames and Hudson: 7-26. Silverman, H. (2008). Continental introduction. The Handbook of South American Archaeology. H. Silverman and W. H. Isbell. New York, Springer: 3-26. Friday, September 3: Archaeological traditions in the Andes Flannery, K. V. (2006). "On the resilience of anthropological archaeology." Annual Review of Anthropology 35: 1-13. Renfrew, C. and P. G. Bahn (2008). Archaeology: theories, methods and practice. London, Thames & Hudson. Isbell, W. H. (1995). "Constructing the Andean past or "As you like it"." Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society 23: 1-2.

Week 2: Using Spanish colonial documents and ethnography to study prehistory Monday, September 6: LABOR DAY – NO CLASSES Wednesday, September 8: Colonial documents, modern ethnography, and prehistory MacCormack, S. (1999). Ethnography in South America: the first two hundred years. The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas. F. Salomon and B. S. Schwartz. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Volume III: South America, Part 1: 96-187. ----- (2007). On the wings of time: Rome, the Incas, Spain, and . Princeton, Princeton University Press. Salomon, F. (1999). Testimonies: The making and reading of native South American historical sources. The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas. F. Salomon and B. S. Schwartz. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Volume III: South America, Part 1: 19-95. Recommended ethnographies Allen, C. J. (2002 [1988]). The hold Life Has: and Cultural Identity in an Andean Community. Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Institution Press. Brush, S. (1976). "Man's use of an Andean ecosystem." Human Ecology 4(2): 147-166. Flores Ochoa, J. A. (1979 [1967]). Pastoralists of the Andes: the Alpaca Herders of Paratía. Philadelphia, Institute for the Study of Human Issues.

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Gillin, J. P. (1947). Moche, a Peruvian Coastal Community. Washington, Government Printing Office. Isbell, B. J. (1978). To Defend Ourselves: Ecology and Ritual in an Andean Village. Austin, Institute of Latin American Studies, University of Texas at Austin Friday, September 10: Writing Assignment 1 Arriaga, P. J. d. and L. C. Keating (1968). The Extirpation of Idolatry in Peru. Lexington, University of Kentucky Press. Garcilaso de la Vega and H. V. Livermore (1966). Royal Commentaries of the Incas, and General . Austin, University of Texas Press. Guamán Poma de Ayala, F. and R. Hamilton (2009). The First New Chronicle and Good Government: on the History of the World and the Incas up to 1615. Austin, University of Texas Press. (http://www.kb.dk/permalink/2006/poma/info/en/frontpage.htm) Salomon, F., J. Urioste, et al. (1991). The Huarochirí Manuscript: a Testament of Ancient and Colonial Andean Religion. Austin, University of Texas Press.

Week 3: Early Andean settlements Monday, September 13: The first South Americans Adovasio, J. M. (1993). The ones that will not go away: a biased view of pre-Clovis populations in the New World. From Kostenki to Clovis: Upper Paleolithic-Paleo- Indian Adaptations. O. Softer and N. D. Praslov. New York, Plenum: 199-218. Dillehay, T. D. (1989). Monte Verde, a Late Pleistocene Settlement in Chile. Washington, Smithsonian Institution Press. ----- (2008). Profiles in Pleistocene history. The Handbook of South American Archaeology. H. Silverman and W. H. Isbell. New York, Springer: 29-43. Gruhn, R. and A. L. Bryan (1991). "A Review of Lynch's Descriptions of South American Pleistocene Sites." American Antiquity 56(2): 342-348. Lynch, T. F. (1991). "Seeking the first Americans: trouble and polemic at Monte Verde [reply to TD Dillehay and MB Collins]." Revista de arqueología americana 3: 101- 111. Wednesday, September 15: Early cultural complexity on the desert coast Moseley, M. E. (1975). The maritime foundations of Andean civilization. Menlo Park, California, Cummings. ----- (1992). "Maritime foundations and multilinear evolution: retrospect and prospect." Andean Past 3: 5-42. Pozorski, S. and T. Pozorski (2008). Early cultural complexity on the coast of Peru. The Handbook of South American Archaeology. H. Silverman and W. H. Isbell. New York, Springer: 607-631. Raymond, J. S. (1981). "The maritime foundations of Andean civilization: A reconsideration of the evidence." American Antiquity 46(4): 806-821. Shady Solís, R., C. Kleihege, et al. (2008). : la primera civilización de América = the first civilization in the Americas. Lima, Logicorp. (in English and Spanish)

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Williams, C. (1985). A scheme for early monumental architecture of the central coast of Peru. Early Ceremonial Architecture in the Andes: a conference at Dumbarton Oaks, 8th to 10th October 1982. C. B. Donnan. Washington, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection: 227-239. Friday, September 17: Early high altitude herders WRITING ASSIGNMENT 1 DUE! Bonavia, D. (2008). The South American Camelids. Los Angeles, Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California. Miller, G. R. (1979). “An Introduction to the Ethnoarchaeology of the Andean Camelids, University of California, Berkeley” (unpublished Ph.D. thesis). Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International. Wheeler Pires-Ferreira, J., E. Pires-Ferreira, et al. (1976). "Preceramic animal utilization in the central Peruvian Andes." Science 194: 483-490. Wing, E. S. (1978). Animal domestication in the Andes. Advances in Andean Archaeology. D. Browman. Mouton, The Hauge: 167-188.

Week 4: Ritual and authority in early highland societies Monday, September 20: The early ceremonial center of Chavín de Huántar Burger, R. L. (1992). Chavín and the Origins of Andean Civilization. New York, Thames and Hudson. Burger, R. L. and N. J. Van der Merwe (1990). " and the origin of highland Chavín civilization: an isotopic perspective." American Anthropologist 92: 85-95. Rick, J. W. (2005). "The evolution of authority and power at Chavín de Huántar, Peru." Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 14: 71-89. Miller, G. R. (1995). "Our father the cayman, our dinner the : Animal utilization at Chavín de Huantar, Peru." American Antiquity 60: 421-458. Wednesday, September 22: Agro-pastoral societies around the world’s highest navigable lake Bandy, M. S. (2005). " and social power in the southern Titicaca Basin Formative." Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 14: 91-111. Bandy, M. S. and C. A. Hastorf (2007). Kala Uyuni: an Early Political Center in the Southern Lake Titicaca Basin: 2003 Excavations of the Taraco Archaeological Project. Berkeley, Archaeological Research Facility, University of California Berkeley. Beck, R. A., Jr. (2004). "Architecture and polity in the Formative Lake Titicaca Basin, Bolivia." Latin American Antiquity 15(3): 323(321). Hastorf, C. A., Ed. (1999). Early Settlement at Chiripa, Bolivia: research of the Taraco Archaeological Project. Contribution of the University of California Archaeological Research Facility. Berkeley, Archaeological Research Facility, University of California Berkeley. Friday, September 24: In-class activity 1: How to find a mummy when the flesh is gone Doyle, M. E. (1988). “The Ancestor Cult and Burial Ritual in Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Central Peru.” (unpublished Ph.D. thesis). University of California, Los Angeles. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

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Dulanto, J. (2002). The archaeological study of ancestor cult practices: the case of Pampa Chica, a Late Initial Period site on the central coast of Peru. The Space and Place of Death. H. Silverman and D. B. Small, Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association. Number 11: 97-117. Hastorf, C. A. (2003). "Community with the ancestors: ceremonies and social memory in the Middle Formative at Chiripa, Bolivia." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 22: 305-332. Isbell, W. H. (1997). Mummies and Mortuary Monuments: a Postprocessual Prehistory of Central Andean Social Organization. Austin, University of Texas Press. Sillar, B. (1992). "The social life of the Andean dead." Archaeological Review from Cambridge 11(1): 107-123.

Week 5: Flamboyant cultures on the coast Monday, September 27: Moche art and the ethics of studying looted material Bawden, G. (2004). The art of Moche politics. Andean Archaeology. H. Silverman. Malden, MA, Blackwell Pub.: 116-129. Donnan, C. B. (1976). Moche Art and Iconography. Los Angeles, UCLA Latin American Center, University of California. ----- (2004). Moche Portraits from Ancient Peru. Austin, University of Texas Press. Donnan, C. B. and D. McClelland (1999). Moche Fineline Painting: Its Evolution and its Artists. Los Angeles, UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History. Gündüz, R. (2001). El Mundo Ceremonial de los Huaqueros. Lima, Perú, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Editorial Universitaria. Smith, K. (2005). "Looting and the politics of archaeological knowledge in Northern Peru." Ethnos 70(2): 149-170. Wednesday September 29: Moche temples, tombs, and politics Bawden, G. (1996). The Moche. Cambridge, Blackwell. Millaire, J.F. (2002). Moche burial patterns: an investigation into prehispanic social structure. Oxford, England, Archaeopress. Sutter, R. C. and R. J. Cortez (2005). "The nature of Moche human sacrifice. A bio- archaeological perspective." Current anthropology 46(4): 521-549. von Gijseghem, H. (2001). "Household and family at Moche, Peru: An analysis of building and residence patterns in a prehispanic urban center." Latin American Antiquity 12(3): 257-273. Friday, October 1: Nasca villagers vs. aliens Proulx, D. A. (2008). Paracas and Nasca: Regional cultures on the south coast of Peru. The Handbook of South American Archaeology. H. Silverman and W. H. Isbell. New York, Springer: 563-585. Silverman, H. (1993). in the ancient Nasca world. Iowa City, University of Iowa Press. ----- (2002). Ancient Nasca settlement and society. Iowa City, University of Iowa Press.

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Vaughn, K. J. (2009). The ancient Andean village: Marcaya in prehispanic Nasca. Tucson, University of Arizona Press.

Week 6: The Nasca lines and Exam 1 Monday, October 4: In-class activity 2: Making the Nasca Lines Reiche, M. (1968). Mystery on the desert. Stuttgart-Vaihingen: Selbstverl. Aveni, A. F. (2000). Between the lines: the mystery of the giant ground drawings of ancient Nasca, Peru. Austin, University of Texas Press. Wednesday, October 6: Review for Exam 1 Friday, October 8: EXAM 1 (IN CLASS)

Week 7: Highland empires Part 1: Wari Monday, October 11: Fall Weekend Holiday – NO CLASSES Wednesday, October 13: Processual archaeology and the first highland empire Isbell, W. H. (2008). Wari and Tiwanaku: International identities in the central Andean Middle Horizon. The Handbook of South American Archaeology. H. Silverman and W. H. Isbell. New York, Springer: 731-759. McEwan, G. F. (2005). Pikillacta: the Wari Empire in Cuzco. Iowa City, University of Iowa Press. Tung, Tiffiny A. and Kelly J. Knudson (2008). "Social identities and geographical origins of Wari trophy heads from Conchopata, Peru." Current Anthropology 49(5): 915-925. Williams, P. R. (2001). "Carro Baúl: a Wari center on the Tiwanaku frontier." Latin American Antiquity 12(1): 67-83. Wright, H. T. and G. A. Johnson (1975). "Population, exchange, and early state formation in southwestern Iran." American Anthropologist 77: 267-289. Friday, October 15: Wari territorial expansion and the nature of ancient empires Conklin, W. J. (1982). "The information system of Middle Horizon quipus." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 385(Ethnoastronomy and Archaeoastronomy in the American Tropics): 261-281. McEwan, G. F. (2005). Pikillacta: the Wari Empire in Cuzco. Iowa City, University of Iowa Press. Valdez, L. M. (2006). "Maize beer production in Middle Horizon Peru." Journal of Anthropological Research 62(1): 53-80.

Week 8 Highland empires Part 2: Tiwanaku Friday, October 18: Ethnicity and migration in the Tiwanaku state Bermann, M. (1997). "Domestic life and vertical integration in the Tiwanaku Heartland." Latin American Antiquity 8(2): 93-112. Goldstein, P. S. (2005). Andean Diaspora: the Tiwanaku Colonies and the Origins of South American Empire. Gainesville, University Press of Florida.

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Janusek, J. (2006). "The changing 'nature' of Tiwanaku religion and the rise of an Andean state." World Archaeology 38(3): 469-492. ----- (2008). Ancient Tiwanaku. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Lessa, A. and S. Mendonça de Souza (2004). "Violence in the Atacama Desert during the Tiwanaku period : social tension?" International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 14(5): 374-388. Isbell, W. H. and A. Vranich (2004). Experiencing the cities of Wari and Tiwanaku. Andean archaeology. H. Silverman. Malden, MA, Blackwell Pub.: 167-183. Wednesday, October 20: Can ancient technology help modern farmers? Short film: “Lost empire of Tiwanaku” Carney, H. J., M. W. Binford, et al. (1993). "Nutrient and sediment retention in Andean raised-field agriculture." Nature 364(6433): 131-133. Hurst for About.com, interview with Clark Erickson, “Recreating raised field agriculture in Bolivia and Peru” http://archaeology.about.com/cs/agriculture/a/erickson1.htm Krajick, K. (1998). "Archaeology - Green farming by the Incas?" Science 281(5375): 323- 323. Morris, A. S. (2004). Raised field technology: the raised fields projects around Lake Titicaca. Aldershot, England, Ashgate. Peruvian farmers learn from History. BBC News. Published online: 2003/05/22 09:34:25 GMT (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3047421.stm) Swartley, L. (2002). Inventing indigenous knowledgearchaeology, rural development, and the raised field rehabilitation project in Bolivia. New York, Routledge. Friday, October 22: In-class activity 3: How to use iconography to study time and culture

Week 9: Collapse and the aftermath Monday, October 25: The role of climate change in the collapse of Wari and Tiwanaku Arkush, E. (2008). "War, chronology, and causality in the Titicaca basin." Latin American Antiquity 19(4): 339(335). Dulanto, J. (2008). Between horizons: Diverse configurations of society and power in the late pre-Hispanic central Andes. The Handbook of South American Archaeology. H. Silverman and W. H. Isbell. New York, Springer: 761-782. Moseley, M. E. (2005). "Burning down the brewery: Establishing and evacuating an ancient imperial colony at Cerro Baul, Peru." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102(48): 17264. Ortloff, C. (1993). "Climate and collapse: agro-ecological perspectives on the decline of the Tiwanaku State." Journal of Archaeological Science 20(2): 195-221. Williams, P. R. (2002). "Rethinking disaster-induced collapse in the demise of the Andean highland states: Wari and Tiwanaku." World Archaeology 33(3): 361-374. Wednesday, October 27: The Chimu Conrad, G. W. (1981). "Cultural materialism, split inheritance, and the expansion of ancient Peruvian empires." American Antiquity 46(1): 3-26.

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Moore, J. D. (1992). "Pattern and meaning in prehistoric Peruvian architecture: The architecture of social control in the Chimu State." Latin American Antiquity 3(2): 95- 113. Moseley, M. E., A. Cordy-Collins, et al. (1990). The Northern dynasties: kingship and statecraft in Chimor: a symposium at Dumbarton Oaks, 12th and 13th October 1985. Washington, D.C., Dumbarton Oaks. Ortloff, C. R. (1993). "Chimu hydraulics technology and statecraft on the north coast of Peru, A.D. 1000-1470." Research in Economic Anthropology: 327-367. Topic, J. R. (2003). "From stewards to bureaucrats: architecture and information flow at , Peru." Latin American Antiquity 14(3): 243-274. Friday, October 29: Was the ‘vertical archipelago’ an ancient tradition or a colonial invention? Flores Ochoa, J. A. (1985). Interaction and complementarity in three zones of . Andean Ecology and Civilization. S. Masuda and et al. Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press: 251-276. Murra, J. V. (1968). "An Aymara kingdom in 1567." Ethnohistory 15(2): 115-151. ----- (1985). The limits and limitations of the "Vertical Archipelago" in the Andes. Andean Ecology and Civilization. S. Masuda, I. Shimada and C. Morris. Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press: 15-20. ----- (1985). "El Archipiélago Vertical" revisited. Andean Ecology and Civilization. S. Masuda, I. Shimada and C. Morris. Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press: 3-13. Rhoades, R. E. and S. I. Thompson (1975). "Adaptive strategies in alpine environments: beyond ecological particularism." American Ethnologist 2(3): 535-551.

Week 10: Inka origins and customs Monday, November 1: Inka origins Alan Covey, R. (2003). "A processual study of Inka state formation." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 22(4): 333-357. Bauer, B. (1991). "Pacariqtambo and the mythical origins of the Inca." Latin American Antiquity 2(1): 7-26. ----- (2010). "Cultural transformations of the Chanka homeland (Andahuaylas, Peru) during the Late Intermediate Period (A.D. 1000-1400)." Latin American Antiquity 21(1): 87. Covey, R. (2006). How the Incas Built their Heartland: State Formation and the Innovation of Imperial Strategies in the Sacred Valley, Peru. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press. Urton, G. (1990). The History of a Myth: Pacariqtambo and the origin of the Inkas. Austin, University of Texas Press. Wendesday, November 3: The Inka Empire: no money, no writing, no problem Costin, C. L. (1993). "Textiles, women, and political economy in late Prehispanic Peru." Research in Economic Anthropology 14: 3-28. D'Altroy, T. N. and T. K. Earle (1985). "Staple finance, wealth finance, and storage in the Inka political economy." Current Anthropology 26(2): 187-206.

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Hyslop, J. (1984). The Inka Road System. Orlando, Academic Press. Rostworowski, M. and C. Morris (1996). The fourfold domain: Inka power and its social foundations. The Cambridge History of The Native Peoples of the Americas. F. Salomon and B. S. Schwartz. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Volume III: South America, Part 1: 769-863. Rowe, J. H. (1980). "The economic organization of the Inka state." Research in Economic Anthropology 1(Supplement 1): 1-208. Friday, November 5: In-class activity 4: Creating and reading an Inka khipu Quilter, J. and G. Urton (2002). Narrative Threads: Accounting and Recounting in Andean Khipu. Austin, University of Texas Press. Salomon, F. (2004). The cord keepers: khipus and cultural life in a Peruvian village. Durham, Duke University Press. Urton, G. (2003). Signs of the Inka Khipu: binary coding in the Andean knotted-string records. Austin, University of Texas Press. Urton, G. and P. Nina Llanos (1997). The Social Life of Numbers: a Quechua Ontology of Numbers and Philosophy of Arithmetic. Austin, University of Texas Press.

Week 11: Inka imperial expansion Monday, November 8: Inka imperial expansion and local populations D'Altroy, T. N. (1987). "Transitions in power: centralization of Wanka political organization under Inka rule." Ethnohistory 34(1): 78-102. Gose, P. (1993). "Segmentary state formation and the ritual control of water under the Incas." Comparative Studies in Society and History 35(3): 480-514. Malpass, M. (2010). Distant provinces in the Inka empire: toward a deeper understanding of Inka imperialism. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. Morris, C. and D. E. Thompson (1985). Huánuco Pampa: an Inca City and its Hinterland. New York, N.Y., Thames and Hudson. Morris, C. and J. Idilio Santillana (2007). The Inka transformation of the Chincha capital. Variations in the Expression of Inka Power. R. L. Burger, C. Morris and R. Matos Mendieta. Washington, D.C., Dumbarton Oaks: 135-164. Ramírez, S. E. (1990). Inca conquest of the North Coast: a historian's view. Northern Dynasties: Kingship and Statecraft in Chimor. M. E. Moseley and A. Cordy-Collins. Washington, D.C., Dumbarton Oaks: 507-537. Wednesday, November 19: , an Inka royal estate Bingham, H. (1915). "Story of Machu Picchu, the Peruvian expeditions of the National Geographic Society and Yale University." National Geographic Magazine 27: 172- 186, 203-217. Burger, R. L. and L. C. Salazar (2004). Machu Picchu: unveiling the mystery of the Incas. New Haven, Yale University Press. Turner, B., G. Kamenov, et al. (2009). "Insights into immigration and social class at Machu Picchu, Peru based on oxygen, strontium, and lead isotopic analysis." Journal of Archaeological Science 36(2): 317-332.

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Friday, November 12: Machu Picchu and modern controversy Flores Ochoa, J. A. (2004). Contemporary significance of Machu Picchu. Machu Picchu: Unveiling the Mystery of the Incas. R. L. Burger and L. C. Salazar. New Haven, Yale University Press: 49-70. Grummitt, F. (2009). "Walking the Inca Trail: popular tourist destinations need careful management in order to protect them for the future. This example of the Inca Trail provides a good GCSE case study of sustainable development." Wide World 20(4): 1. Tourtellot, J. B. (2007). "Hope in the Inca Heartland: Peru's Machu Picchu and nearby Sacred Valley face surmountable challenges." National Geographic Traveler 24(4): 48. van den Berghe, P. L. and J. Flores Ochoa (2000). "Tourism and nativistic ideology in Cuzco, Peru." Annals of Tourism Research 27(1): 7-26. The World Bank website for the Vilcanota Valley Rehabilitation and Management Project http://web.worldbank.org/external/projects/main?Projectid=P082625&Type=Over view&theSitePK=40941&pagePK=64283627&menuPK=64282134&piPK=64290415 See especially: “World Bank loan to preserve natural and cultural assets around Peru’s Machu Picchu” (September 15, 2004 World Bank press release, the online version includes interviews and videos) http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/0,,contentMDK:20253628 ~menuPK:64282138~pagePK:41367~piPK:279616~theSitePK:40941,00.html

Week 12: The Amazon AND Spanish conquest Monday, November 15: Archaeology of the Amazon and environmental conservation Cavalcante Gomes, D. M. (2007). "The diversity of social forms in pre-colonial Amazonia." Revista de Arqueología Americana 25: 189-225. Church, W. B. and A. Hagen (2008). Chachapoyas: Cultural Development at an Andean Cloud Forest Crossroads. The Handbook of South American Archaeology. H. Silverman and W. H. Isbell. New York, Springer: 903-926. (914-926 is LIP) Mann, C. C. (2000). "Earthmovers of the Amazon." Science 287(5454): 786-789. McKey, D., S. Rostain, et al. (2010). "Pre-Columbian agricultural landscapes, ecosystem engineers, and self-organized patchiness in Amazonia." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(17): 7823-7828. Wednesday, November 17: The arrival of the Spanish Hemming, J. (1970). The Conquest of the Incas. New York, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Rowe, J. H. (2006). "The Inca civil war and the establishment of Spanish power in Peru." Ñawpa Pacha 28: 1-9. Stern, S. J. (1993). Peru's Indian Peoples and the Challenge of Spanish Conquest: Huamanga to 1640. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press. Yupangui, D. de C. (2005). An Inca account of the Conquest of Peru. Boulder, University Press of Colorado.

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Friday, November, 19: Presentation of the Machu Picchu Guidebook (Writing assignment 2)

Week 13: Transformations under colonial rule Monday, November 22: Indigenous people under colonial rule Further reading deFrance, S. D. (2003). "Diet and provisioning in the high Andes: a Spanish colonial settlement on the outskirts of Potosí, Bolivia." International journal of historical archaeology 7(2): 99-125. Graubart, K. B. (2000). "Indecent living: indigenous women and the politics of representation in early colonial Peru." Colonial Latin American Review 9: 213-235. Mannheim, B. (1991). The Language of the Inka Since the European Invasion. Austin, University of Texas Press. Ramírez, S. (1996). The World Upside Down: Cross-cultural Contact and Conflict in Sixteenth-century Peru. Stanford, Stanford University Press. Rice, P. M. (1996). "The archaeology of wine: the wine and brandy haciendas of Moquegua, Peru." Journal of Field Archaeology 23(2): 187-204. Silverblatt, I. (1987). Moon, Sun, and Witches: Gender Ideologies and Class in Inca and Colonial Peru. Princeton, Princeton University Press. Wednesday, November 24 and Friday, November 26 – Thanksgiving NO CLASSES

Week 14: Prehistory and modern politics AND course conclusions Monday, November 29: Prehistory and modern identity in the Andes Cadena, M. d. l. (2000). Indigenous Mestizos: the Politics of Race and Culture in Cuzco, Peru, 1919-1991. Durham, Duke University Press. Langer, E. D. (2009). "Bringing the economic back in: Andean Indians and the construction of the nation-state in nineteenth-century Bolivia." Journal of Latin American Studies 41(3): 527-551. Szeminski, J. (1993). Last time the Inca came back: messianism and nationalism in the Great Rebellion of 1780-1783. South and Meso American Native Spirituality: from the Cult of the Feathered Serpent to the Theology of Liberation. G. H. Gossen. New York, Crossroad Publishing: 279-299. Wednesday, December 1: Conclusions and Review for Exam 2 Friday, December 3: EXAM 2 (IN CLASS)

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