Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of Anticlea Vaginata Rydb
PHYLOGENY AND EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF ANTICLEA VAGINATA RYDB. (MELANTHIACEAE): A HANGING GARDEN ENDEMIC By Emily C. Palmquist Final Report to the Colorado Plateau Cooperative Ecosystems Unit March 2011 ABSTRACT This study examines the taxonomic status, population genetics, and evolutionary history of the rare, endemic plant species, Anticlea vaginata Rydb. (Melanthiaceae). Although this species is considered rare, very little research has been conducted on it. Doubts about its distinctness as a species have been raised, which has implications for its status as a rare species. An assessment of morphological distinction was conducted on A. vaginata and its closest relative, Anticlea elegans, using PCA, PERMANOVA, and one‐way ANOVAs of key characteristics. Genetic variability and population structure were assessed with AFLPs. An NMS ordination, AMOVAs, cluster analyses, gene diversity estimates, and Structure 2.2 were used in combination to determine the level of genetic differentiation between the two species, if any. Four main patterns emerge: 1) A. vaginata and A. elegans exhibit large amounts of overlap in morphological and genetic variability. 2) Despite this overlap, there are indications of ongoing diversification. 3) Populations within A. vaginata exhibit relatively high levels of structuring and do not group as species during analyses. 4) Populations of A. vaginata show genetic patterns consistent with those expected for relictual populations. I conclude that since there are no consistent distinguishing characteristics between A. vaginata and A. elegans, A. vaginata should become a subspecies of A. elegans. Populations of Anticlea vaginata should be managed as units distinct from A. elegans subsp. elegans. It is likely that there is little gene flow between A.
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