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Turisme I Gènere: Implementació a L'aula De La

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Turisme I Gènere: Implementació a L'aula De La TURISME I GÈNERE: IMPLEMENTACIÓ A L’AULA DE LA PERSPECTIVA FEMINISTA PROJECTE FINAL DE GRAU EN TURISME MENCIÓ EN DIRECCIÓ TURÍSTICA Barcelona, gener de 2020 RESUM La indústria turística, com a sector econòmic present arreu del planeta, forma part de les estructures de poder globals, i hi interactua tant reproduint les barreres que comporten, com alhora possibilitant la reducció de la pobresa. D’altra banda, la perspectiva de gènere, provinent de múltiples corrents feministes, és integral, transversal i multidisciplinar, per la qual cosa es situa com una plataforma que permet llegir la realitat amb nous criteris. En aquest cas, aplicar aquesta visió holística al turisme suposa la revisió d’un gran nombre de dinàmiques pròpies de la indústria, així com també de fets estructurals que es reprodueixen en l’activitat turística. El feminisme, doncs, permet situar les desigualtats de gènere al centre de l’anàlisi, per tal d’entendre de quines maneres aquestes es reprodueixen en la indústria turística i quins recursos existeixen per a reduir-les. L’objectiu d’aquest Projecte de Final de Grau és la creació d’una assignatura optativa que permeti implementar la perspectiva de gènere a les aules universitàries; amb la finalitat de potenciar el pensament crític de les estudiants i construir noves mirades que permetin apostar per un turisme inclusiu i sostenible. La metodologia emprada en aquesta investigació ha estat una revisió crítica de 836 articles provinents de la base de dades Scopus; a partir dels quals s’han identificat les principals temàtiques i debats presents en aquest àmbit de coneixement. A partir d’aquests resultats s’ha creat el programa de l’assignatura optativa, que ha passat per una fase de validació consistent en dues entrevistes en profunditat a expertes en aquesta temàtica. Finalment, s’exposen futures línies de treball per tal d’omplir els buits de coneixement presents actualment en la vinculació entre turisme i gènere. Paraules clau: Desigualtats, feminisme, pedagogia, perspectiva de gènere, turisme. ABSTRACT The tourism industry, as an economic sector present around the planet, is part of the global power structures and interacts both reproducing their own barriers and creating the possibility of reducing poverty. On the other hand, gender perspective, coming from multiple feminist discourses, is transversal and multidisciplinary, thus becoming a platform that allows for the reality to be read with new criteria. In this case, applying this holistic vision to tourism implies the review of a great number of dynamics of the industry, as well as structural facts that are reproduced in the tourism industry. Feminism allows focusing on gender inequality in the centre of the analysis, in order to understand the ways in which they reproduce in the industry and the resources available to reduce them. The goal of this Final Degree Project is the creation of an optional subject that enables the implementation of gender perspective in the university; with the goal of strengthening critical though and building new perspectives to boost inclusive and sustainable tourism. The methodology of this investigation is a critical review of 836 articles selected from the Scopus database, through the main themes and debates of this area of knowledge have been identified. Taking into account these results, the optional subject programme has been created and, afterward evaluated through two in-depth interviews. Finally, future lines of investigation are detailed in order to fulfill gaps of knowledge in tourism and gender academia. Keywords: Feminisim, gender perspective, inequalities, pedagogy, tourism. AGRAÏMENTS En aquest espai m’agradaria agrair a totes aquelles persones que m’han ajudat a la realització d’aquest projecte, ja sigui de forma directa o indirecta. En primer lloc, el meu agraïment a les dues persones que han guiat aquest projecte. Els seus consells, assessorament i suport continu han estat indispensables per arribar a culminar un projecte que sense elles mancaria d’estructura. Gràcies per l’acompanyament, les pauses per ressituar les idees, i per la confiança permanent que m’ha permès treballar amb seguretat. En segon lloc, agrair al Campus Universitari CETT-UB l’oportunitat de realitzar aquest Projecte. En tercer lloc, agrair al professor Ernest Cañada Mullor i a la Dra. Berezi Elorrieta Sanz la mirada crítica i les aportacions detallades, que han atorgat un valor incalculable al resultat final d’aquesta investigació. El meu agraïment també al president d’Alba Sud, Àlex Rodríguez, per les seves orientacions i paciència, que han estat la base necessària per seguir construint aquesta investigació. En quart lloc, a la família i a les amistats que regalen suport incondicional. A qui m’assegura que el temps és relatiu, a qui em tira endavant tot i que no he sabut transmetre on vaig, a qui em recorda l’orgull de reivindicar el dia a dia. Finalment, gràcies a totes les lluitadores que ens han fet possible arribar fins aquí, aquelles que no tenen monuments, plaques ni places al seu nom. Les imprescindibles. For most of history, anonymous was a woman Virginia Woolf ÍNDEX 1. INTRODUCCIÓ .................................................................................................................................. 1 2. OBJECTIUS ....................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Objectiu general .......................................................................................................................... 3 2.2. Objectius específics .................................................................................................................... 3 3. MARC TEÒRIC .................................................................................................................................. 4 3.1 Gènere i feminismes avui ............................................................................................................ 4 3.1.1. Conceptes bàsics ................................................................................................................ 4 3.1.2. Les onades feministes ......................................................................................................... 6 3.2. Turisme i gènere ....................................................................................................................... 10 3.2.1. ODM i ODS: els documents que marquen el camí ............................................................ 11 3.2.2. Les aportacions acadèmiques a l’àmbit del turisme i el gènere ........................................ 12 3.3. Pedagogia queer ...................................................................................................................... 14 4. ESTAT DE LA QÜESTIÓ ................................................................................................................. 15 4.1. Incorporant la perspectiva de gènere a les aules universitàries ............................................... 15 4.2. Acadèmia turística amb perspectiva de gènere ........................................................................ 17 4.3. El coneixement de gènere actual al CETT ............................................................................... 19 5. METODOLOGIA .............................................................................................................................. 21 5.1. Revisió bibliogràfica .................................................................................................................. 21 5.2. Fase propositiva ....................................................................................................................... 23 5.3. Fase de validació ...................................................................................................................... 23 6. RESULTATS .................................................................................................................................... 25 6.1. Revisió bibliogràfica .................................................................................................................. 25 6.1.1. La perspectiva de gènere aplicada a qui viatja ................................................................. 25 6.1.1.1. Experiències prèvies al viatge .................................................................................... 25 6.1.1.2. Experiències durant el viatge ..................................................................................... 28 6.1.1.3. Experiències posteriors al viatge ............................................................................... 31 6.1.2. La perspectiva de gènere aplicada al relat turístic ............................................................ 32 6.1.2.1. Visibilitat ..................................................................................................................... 32 6.1.2.2. Màrqueting ................................................................................................................. 33 6.1.2.3. Sexualització .............................................................................................................. 35 6.1.2.4. Maternitat subrogada ................................................................................................. 36 6.1.2.5. LGTBI+ ....................................................................................................................... 38 6.1.3. La perspectiva de gènere aplicada a la comunitat local ...................................................
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