DOCSLIB.ORG

Preliminary Observations on the Hawai`I Earthquakes of October 15, 2006

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Preliminary Observations on the Hawai`I Earthquakes of October 15, 2006 EERI Special Earthquake Report — December 2006 Learning from Earthquakes Preliminary Observations on the Hawai`i Earthquakes of October 15, 2006 This report was compiled by EERI Introduction the built infrastructure in the vicinity member Gary Chock of Martin & of the earthquake epicenters sur- Chock, Inc., Honolulu, Hawai`i. He Beginning at 7:07 a.m. local time on vived with little or no apparent dam- drew on his own observations as October 5, 2006, two earthquakes age. The low rates of injury and eco- well as information from and materi- with magnitudes of Mw6.7 and nomic loss are attributed in part to als prepared by a number of other Mw6.0 struck in close succession the relatively rural area in which the professionals: Ian Robertson, Peter just off the northwest coast of the earthquakes struck, and the focal big island of Hawai`i (see Figure ). Nicholson, and Horst Brandes, the depth (39 km) of the Mw6.7 Kiholo University of Hawai`i at Manoa; Shaking reached Intensity VIII on Bay earthquake. It was also fortun- Edward Medley, the Geo-Engineer- the Modified Mercalli Scale (MMI), ate that the earthquakes struck just ing Earthquake Reconnaissance as reported by residents. after sunrise on a Sunday morning. Association; Paul Okubo, the Ha- No deaths were attributed to ground There were numerous rockfalls and waiian Volcano Observatory; Barry shaking, and only minor injuries landslides in road cuts, embank- Hirshorn, the Pacific Tsunami Warn- were reported. Damage caused by ments and natural slopes on Hawai`i ing Center; Jiro Sumada, the County these earthquakes was estimated at Island, and road transportation was of Hawai‘i Department of Public more than $20 million as of mid- disrupted in some places. There Works; Ernest Lau, State of Hawaii November, without including dam- was damage to dams and irrigation Department of Accounting and Gen- age to private residences. Most of ditches in the Waimea area. Two eral Services; Afaq Sarwar, Sarwar Structural Engineering; John Dal Figure 1. Epicenter of the October 15 Kiholo Bay earth- Pino, Albert Chen, David Gonzalez, quake and the locations of island of Hawai`i towns William Grogan, Brenda Guyader, (USGS). Lisbeth Blaisdell, and Wayne Low, Degenkolb Engineers; and William Holmes, Rutherford & Chekene and EERI Learning from Earthquakes Program Committee chair. A number of organizations were al- so involved in the post-earthquake reconnaissance: ATC-20 building safety engineers from the Structural Engineers Association of Hawai`i; the Hawai`i State Earthquake Advi- sory Committee of State Civil De- fense, and the U.S. Geological Sur- vey’s National Strong Motion Pro- gram. Several reports, with many additional figures and photos, are available in their entirety on the EERI web site at http://www.eeri. org/lfe/usa_hawaii.html. The publication of this report is funded by EERI’s Learning from Earthquakes Program, under National Science Foundation Grant # CMS-0131895. EERI Special Earthquake Report — December 2006 kua fault zone on the southern Kona coast was the site of an earthquake of about magnitude 6.9 on August 2, 95, which damaged scores of homes on the Kona coast and trig- gered numerous damaging land- slides (see Figure 2). The Mw6.7 Kiholo Bay earthquake struck at 7.07 a.m. local time with an epicenter location of 9.878°N, 55.935°W, and a focal depth of ap- proximately 39 km (24 miles). It was followed by the Mw 6.0 Hawi earth- quake at 7.4 a.m. local time with an epicenter location of 20.29 N, 55.983 W, and a focal depth of approximately 9 km (2 miles). Strong ground motions lasted for approximately 20 seconds during the Kiloho Bay earthquake, and 5 seconds during the Hawi earth- quake. While the two events were only seven minutes apart, the differ- ence in depths and aftershock epi- centers suggests that the M6.0 may not be an aftershock of the M6.7, and that they were events from dif- Figure 2. Hawaii historical earthquakes and the inferred rupture zones of the ferent seismic sources. larger events (figure: Klein, F., USGS). Historically, the largest earthquakes in Hawai`i have occurred beneath dams had earth fill disturbance and churches and historic buildings with the flanks of the Kilauea, Mauna cracks along their crests, while at thick bearing walls constructed of Loa, and Hualalai volcanoes. The least two others showed clear evi- unreinforced lava rocks sustained flanks of these volcanoes adjust to dence of incipient slope failure on the most dramatic and potentially the intrusions of magma into their their embankments. A system of irri- life-threatening damage. adjacent rift zones by storing com- gation ditches feeding some of the pressive stresses and occasionally Over ,800 individual residences— reservoirs was interrupted due to releasing it in crustal earthquakes. less than 5% of the single family debris blockage. One of the two ma- The active fault surfaces for these home inventory—were damaged to jor commercial ports on the island, large earthquakes are associated varying degrees. Many of the most Kawaihae Harbor, sustained major with a near-horizontal basal décolle- severely damaged homes were con- damage from liquefaction and later- ment separating the ancient oceanic structed on post and pier foundation al spreading. This facility is located crust from the emplaced volcanic systems resting on small unanchored less than 24 km (5 miles) from both pile, lying approximately 0 km be- concrete foundation blocks. Several earthquake epicenters. neath the earth`s surface. (A dé- residences also had damage to lava collement is a tectonic surface that Most modern engineered buildings rock retaining walls—typically con- acts as a plane of detachment be- performed well, with some excep- sisting of individual, rough lava rocks tween two masses.) Examples of tions. Healthcare and school facili- stacked dry, or with minimal mortar. such crustal or décollement earth- ties had little structural damage, but quakes are the 975 M7.2 Kalapana considerable damage to their non- Seismotectonics earthquake beneath Kilauea`s south structural systems, principally T-bar flank, and the 1868 M7.9 earth- lighting and ceiling systems and Earthquakes on the island of Ha- quake beneath the Kau district on fire sprinkler systems. As a result, wai`i are not rare. The ground shak- Mauna Loa`s southeast flank, the they were not fully operational in the ing hazard in Hawai`i County ranks largest earthquake in recorded weeks following the earthquakes. among the highest in the United Hawaiian history. Close to the epicenters, older States. For example, the Kealake- 2 EERI Special Earthquake Report — December 2006 peak ground accelerations, and magnitudes suggested that Hawaii may not follow the typical models utilized in California and the main- land United States. The USGS found that accelerations in Hawaii are substantially higher than aver- age for a given intensity. Hawaiian earthquakes have to register at least a unit in magnitude greater than those in California to produce the same maximum intensity. Seismographic recordings of the October 5 earthquake showed a predominance of high frequency vibration (high accelerations with very short cycles) as compared to the types of earthquake motions in California earthquakes. Due to the atypically low amount of damage thus far observed (relative to U.S. mainland experience for a similar sized event) for the Kiholo Bay and Hawi earthquakes, it may be appropriate to further study whether Figure 3 certain seismic source regions of Hawaiian earthquakes produce ground motion with atypical fre- quency content and whether the fractured volcanic crust might lead to unique characteristics of fre- The Kiholo Bay earthquake probably Intensity VIII was reported close to quency-banded ground motion reflected the long-term accumulation the Hawi epicenter, and personal attenuation. and release of lithospheric flexural communications with residents of the stresses. The long-term stresses are North Kohala area indicate that its Three minutes after the initiation of generated in the crust and mantle effects in their area were as severe rupture at the first event’s hypocen- by the weight of the volcanic rock as, or even worse than, those of the ter, the Pacific Tsunami Warning that composes the islands. Deeper Kiholo Bay event. The shallower Center issued a Local Tsunami In- mantle earthquakes at approximate- Hawi hypocenter would plausibly in- formation Bulletin (LTIB) for the ly 30-40 km depth result from flexur- crease the severity of the local ef- state of Hawai`i. The LTIB stated al fracture of the underlying litho- fects of the smaller magnitude event. that a large earthquake had oc- sphere in long-term geologic re- Soil development on Hawai`i Island curred, but that there was no dan- sponse to the load of the island is most apparent at the older north- ger of a destructive tsunami. The mass. Past examples of such “man- ern end of the island (Kohala) and scientists were able to determine tle” earthquakes include the 973 along the wetter northeastern side rapidly that the rupture mechanism M6.2 Honomu (on the northeast (Hamakua). had a very small vertical displace- coast of Hawai`i island), the 938 ment component. The System for In USGS Bulletin 2006, Wyss and M7 Maui, and the 87 M7 Lanai Processing Local Earthquakes in Koyanagi (992) made a compilation earthquakes. Real Time (SPLERT) triggered this of 56 moderate to large Hawaiian response by paging duty scientists The effects of the earthquakes were earthquakes that occurred between with an accurate location 26 sec- felt on all islands in the state of 823 and 989, mostly of magni- onds after the origin time of the Hawai`i. Figure 3 shows the USGS tudes 5.4 to 6.6.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pu'u Wa'awa'a Biological Assessment
    PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A, NORTH KONA, HAWAII Prepared by: Jon G. Giffin Forestry & Wildlife Manager August 2003 STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................................................. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. ii GENERAL SETTING...................................................................................................................1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................1 Land Use Practices...............................................................................................................1 Geology..................................................................................................................................3 Lava Flows............................................................................................................................5 Lava Tubes ...........................................................................................................................5 Cinder Cones ........................................................................................................................7 Soils .......................................................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • HYDROLOGIC and ECOLOGIC INVENTORIES of the COASTAL WATERS of WEST HAWAII Sea Grant College Program, Years 07-08
    HYDROLOGIC AND ECOLOGIC INVENTORIES OF THE COASTAL WATERS OF WEST HAWAII Sea Grant College Program, Years 07-08 ASSOCIATE INVESTIGATORS E. Alison Kay L. Stephen Lau Edward D. Stroup Stephen J. Dollar David P. Fellows PROJECT PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR Reginald H.F. Young Technical Report No. 105 Sea Grant Cooperative Report UNIHI-SEAGRANT-CR-77-02 April 1977 This work is a result of research sponsored in part by NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce, under Grant Nos. 04-5-158-17 and 04-6-158­ 44026, Project No. R/CM-09; and the County of Hawaii. The u.S. Government is authorized to produce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notations that may appear hereon. S-18L 1 iii ABSTRACT The goal of this projeat was to provide information to the County of Hawaii and to the state for the inteUigent management of the marine and aoastal resouraes of West Hawaii, partiaularly the South KohaZa and North Kona areas. This was aaaompZished through aompilation of inventories of biologiaal, hydrologiaal, and some oaeanographia data for four seleated sites, Puako, Waiulua, ,Anaeho 'omalu, and K?iholo bays. Evaluation was made of existing hydrologia, geologia, oaeanographia, and eaologia data in order to determine the volume and infZuenae of ground­ water disaharge to aoastal areas as well as the biologiaal aommunity strua­ ture in the near-shore w~ters. Researah results have yielded a alassifiaation of the bays aaaording to wave energy and groundWater intrusion. Poor airaulation and high groundWater intrusion result in turbid aonditions with aommunities of low diversity-a aoastal situation suitable perhaps for a small boat harbor or marina, but undesirable for a marine park or preseroe.
    [Show full text]
  • General Plan for the County of Hawai'i
    COUNTY OF HAWAI‘I GENERAL PLAN February 2005 Pursuant Ord. No. 05-025 (Amended December 2006 by Ord. No. 06-153, May 2007 by Ord. No. 07-070, December 2009 by Ord. No. 09-150 and 09-161, and June 2012 by Ord. No. 12-089) Supp. 1 (Ord. No. 06-153) CONTENTS 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Purpose Of The General Plan . 1-1 1.2. History Of The Plan . 1-1 1.3. General Plan Program . 1-3 1.4. The Current General Plan Comprehensive Review Program. 1-4 1.5. County Profile. 1-7 1.6. Statement Of Assumptions. 1-11 1.7. Employment And Population Projections . 1-12 1.7.1. Series A . 1-13 1.7.2. Series B . 1-14 1.7.3. Series C . 1-15 1.8. Population Distribution . 1-17 2: ECONOMIC 2.1. Introduction And Analysis. 2-1 2.2. Goals . .. 2-12 2.3. Policies . .. 2-13 2.4. Districts. 2-15 2.4.1. Puna . 2-15 2.4.2. South Hilo . 2-17 2.4.3. North Hilo. 2-19 2.4.4. Hamakua . 2-20 2.4.5. North Kohala . 2-22 2.4.6. South Kohala . 2-23 2.4.7. North Kona . 2-25 2.4.8. South Kona. 2-28 2.4.9. Ka'u. 2-29 3: ENERGY 3.1. Introduction And Analysis. 3-1 3.2. Goals . 3-8 3.3. Policies . 3-9 3.4. Standards . 3-9 4: ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 4.1. Introduction And Analysis. 4-1 4.2. Goals .
    [Show full text]
  • EERI / SEAOH / UH Compilation of Reports on the October 15, 2006
    Compilation of Observations of the October 15, 2006 Kiholo Bay (Mw 6. 7) and Mahukona (Mw 6.0) Earthquakes, Hawai‘i December 31, 2006 Kalahikiola Church in Hawi, North Kohala, Island of Hawai‘i Contributors Gary Chock (Contributor and Editor) Troy Kindred Ian Robertson Gen Iinuma Peter Nicholson Ernest Lau Horst Brandes Afaq Sarwar Edward Medley John Dal Pino Paul Okubo William Holmes Barry Hirshorn Structural Engineers Association of Hawaii Jiro Sumada Hawaii State Earthquake Advisory Committee Acknowledgements This report was compiled by EERI member Gary Chock of Martin & Chock, Inc., Honolulu, Hawai`i for the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute and the Structural Engineers Association of Hawaii as part of the initial reconnaissance after the earthquake. He drew on his own observations as well as information from, and materials prepared by a number of other professionals: Ian Robertson, Peter Nicholson, and Horst Brandes, of the University of Hawai`i at Manoa; Edward Medley, the Geo-Engineering Earthquake Reconnaissance Association; Paul Okubo, the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory; Barry Hirshorn, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center; Jiro Sumada, the County of Hawaii Department of Public Works; Troy Kindred, Hawaii County Civil Defense Agency; Gen IInuma, Maui County Civil Defense Agency, Ernest Lau, State of Hawaii Department of Accounting and General Services; Afaq Sarwar, Sarwar Structural Engineering, John Dal Pino, Albert Chen, William Grogan, Lisbeth Blaisdell, Degenkolb Engineers; and William Holmes, Rutherford & Chekene and EERI Learning from Earthquakes Program Committee chair. A number or organizations were also involved in the post-earthquake reconnaissance: ATC-20 building safety engineers from the Structural Engineers Association of Hawaii – Bennett Fung, Clifford Lau, Kylie Yamatsuka, Ron Iwamoto, Gary Suzuki, Glenn Miyasato, Ian Robertson, Jeffrey Hanyu, James Walifish, Lee Takushi, Michael Kasamoto, Steven Heywood, Timothy Waite, Myles Shimokawa, and Randy Chu; the Hawaii State Earthquake Advisory Committee of State Civil Defense; and the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Plan for Wetland Conservation in Hawai`I
    PACIFIC COAST JOINT VENTURE HAWAI`I STRATEGIC PLAN FOR WETLAND CONSERVATION IN HAWAI`I 1st REVISION JANUARY 2006 Waihe`e Wetland and Coastal Sand Dune Preserve, Maui Photo by Dale Bonar Photo by Sharon Reilly THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK PACIFIC COAST JOINT VENTURE HAWAI`I STRATEGIC PLAN FOR WETLAND CONSERVATION IN HAWAI`I REVIEW DRAFT MARCH 2005 Prepared by Adonia R. Henry Ducks Unlimited, Inc. For The Pacific Coast Joint Venture www.pcjv.org Carey Smith, PCJV Coordinator Christina McGuire, Hawaii State Coordinator In Collaboration with Conservation Partners in Hawai`i Federal Government Agencies U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S.D.A. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U. S. Geological Survey, National Park Service, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Forest Service Pacific Islands Research Institute State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Department of Health Local Government County of Maui, City and County of Honolulu, County of Kaua`i, County of Hawai`i Non-governmental Organizations Maui Coastal Land Trust, Kauai Land Trust, Trust for Public Land, The Nature Conservancy, Hawai`i Natural Heritage Program, National Tropical Botanical Garden, Bishop Museum, Gaylord Memorial Laboratory, Kamehameha Schools, and landowners who have supported conservation on private lands Funding was provided by: The Hawai`i Community Foundation The Pacific Coast Joint Venture ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Hawai`i Community Foundation and the Pacific Coast Joint Venture provided funding for the development of this draft strategic plan. Helen Felsing from the National Park Service Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program helped in the preparation of the original draft plan. Conservation partners identified sites for potential restoration, protection, and enhancement programs and suggested recommended actions for meeting conservation goals.
    [Show full text]
  • He Wahi Mo'olelo No Pu'u Wa'awa'aa Me Näpu'uo Nä Kona
    HiHTEF116-Pu‘u Wa‘awa‘a (123006a) HE WAHI MO‘OLELO NO PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A A ME NÄPU‘U O NÄ KONA — A Collection of Cultural and Historical Accounts of Pu‘u Wa‘awa‘a and the Näpu‘u Region — District of Kona, on the Island of Hawai‘i Kumu Pono Associates LLC Historical & Archival Documentary Research · Oral History Interview Studies · Researching and Preparing Studies from Hawaiian Language Documents · Mähele ‘Äina, Boundary Commission, & Land History Records · Integrated Cultural Resources Management Planning · Preservation & Interpretive Program Development HiHTEF116-Pu‘u Wa‘awa‘a (123006a) HE WAHI MO‘OLELO NO PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A A ME NÄPU‘U O NÄ KONA — A Collection of Cultural and Historical Accounts of Pu‘u Wa‘awa‘a and the Näpu‘u Region — District of Kona, on the Island of Hawai‘i PREPARED BY Kepä Maly • Cultural Historian - Resource Specialist & Onaona Maly • Researcher PREPARED FOR The Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry USDA Forest Service 60 Nowelo Street Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720 DECEMBER 30, 2006 © 2006 Kumu Pono Associates LLC Historical & Archival Documentary Research · Oral History Interview Studies · Researching and Preparing Studies from Hawaiian Language Documents · Mähele ‘Äina, Boundary Commission, & Land History Records · Integrated Cultural Resources Management Planning · Preservation & Interpretive Program Development 554 Keonaona St. · Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720 · (ph.) 808.981.0196 · (e-mail) [email protected] This page intentionally left blank EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study of cultural and historical resources of Pu‘u Wa‘awa‘a in the Näpu‘u region of the Kona District on the island of Hawai‘i, was conducted at the request of the United States Department of Agriculture–Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry (the Institute).
    [Show full text]
  • Na Ala Hele (Trails for Walking). INSTITUTION Hawaii State Dept
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 092 559 SP 008 157 TITLE Na Ala Hele (Trails for Walking). INSTITUTION Hawaii State Dept. of Land and Natural Resources, Honolulu.; Hawaii State Dept. of Planning and Economic Development, Honolulu. PUB DATE Mar 73 NOTE 95p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$4.20 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS *Administration; *Demonstration Projects; Interagency Cooperation; *Interagency Coordination; Parks; Recreation; *Recreational Facilities; *Trails IDENTIFIERS Hawaii; *Hiking ABSTRACT This proposal for the development of a system of administering hiking trails in the state of Hawaii when such trails would involve various public and private jurisdictions emphasizes three elements:(a) proposing means of administration involving multiple jurisdictions;(b) demonstrating by means of a proposed project on the west coast of the Big Island how such a trail administration would work and the benefits anticipated from it; and (c) showing how such a cooperative trails management system involving federal, state, county, and private agencies and individuals can lead to many benefits for all involved and for improved government-citizen management of Hawaii's basic natural resources. The basic concept underlying the proposal is that facilities which are functionally related should be administratively related as well. The concept involves the use of public rights-of-way across private land to connect existing and planned facilities such as parks into a coordinated administrative unit. The concept provides access and increased use without the burden of large fee purchases. The proposal itself consists of (a) an introduction that discusses the setting for the proposed demonstration project and the state and county policy framework; (b) an. outline of the demonstration project; 04 a discussion of the administration of the trails system;(d) a survey of the demonstration project area including a general shoreline survey, coastal geology, coastal ponds, botanical resources, observed wildlife, places of historical, archaeological, and legendary interests; and (e) bibliographies.
    [Show full text]
  • Navigating Change in the Pacific Islands 22Nd Annual Hawai‘I Conservation Conference July 15 –17, 2014 Promise to the Pae‘Aina O Hawai‘I
    navigating Change in the pacific islands 22nd Annual Hawai‘i Conservation Conference July 15 –17, 2014 Promise to the Pae‘aina o Hawai‘i Hōkūle‘a and Hikianalia have set sail on their four-year Welcome to the 22nd Annual Hawai‘i Conservation Conference (HCC), sponsored by the journey around the world. aloha More than 20 Hawai‘i Conservation Alliance (HCA) and the Hawai‘i Conservation Alliance Foundation The crew of Hōkūle‘a and (HCAF). Welcome back to those who contributed to past conferences and welcome to Hikianalia will create global organizations those who are joining HCC for the first time. The conference will highlight the latest research relationships and explore how and experiences across a broad spectrum of conservation issues and will provide many to care for our oceans and representing a opportunities to engage the who’s who throughout this largest gathering of natural and Island Earth. The voyage has cultural resource managers, scientists, and ecosystem restoration specialists involved in the been given the name “Mālama diverse cross-section protection and management of Hawaiian ecosystems. Honua,” representing the of Hawai‘i's resource This promise signifies culture of caring in our the commitment — the This year’s theme, Navigating Change in the Pacific Islands, seems particularly appropriate communities and our island management field voyage — of Hawai‘i's ocean as the Polynesian Voyaging Society begins its worldwide voyage to share Aloha. This home. worked to develop 3 organizations, working endeavor highlights the ocean that connects us in the Pacific Islands as well as the land- collaboratively to assure sea connections and the communities that depend on and are defined by these precious Inspired to contribute to the goal statements and our islands are healthy and resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Table 5.18-- MAJOR EARTHQUAKES: 1838 to 2013
    Table 5.18-- MAJOR EARTHQUAKES: 1838 TO 2013 [As of December 31, 2013. Includes all earthquakes with magnitudes of 6.0 or greater, 1838 to 1983, and 5.0 or greater, 1984 to present. Except for the earthquake of April 2, 1868, magnitudes of earthquakes prior to 1929 are conjectural] Magnitude (Richter Date and time (HST) Location scale) 1838: December 12 Hawaii 6.0 1841: April 7 Hawaii 6.0 1852: March 31 Hawaii 6.0 1868: March 28 Mauna Loa, south flank, Hawaii 6.5-7.0 April 2 Mauna Loa, south flank, Hawaii 7.5-8.1 1871: February 19 Molokai or Maui 6.5 1875: November 23 Hawaii 6.0 1887: January 24 Hawaii 6.0 1913: October 25 Hawaii 6.5 1918: November 1 Hawaii 6.5 1919: September 14 Hawaii 6.5 1929: October 5 Hualalai, Hawaii 6.5 1938: January 23 North of Pauwela Point, Maui 6.8 1940: June 17 Hawaii 6.0 1941: September 25 South east of Mauna Loa, Kaoiki fault zone, Hawaii 6.0 1950: May 29 Mauna Loa, south west rift, Hawaii 6.2 1951: April 22 Kilauea, Hawaii 6.3 August 21 Kona, Hawaii 6.9 1952: May 23 Kona, Hawaii 6.0 1954: March 30 Kilauea, south flank, Hawaii 6.5 1961: September 25 Hawaii 5.75-6.0 1962: June 27 South east of Mauna Loa, Kaoiki fault zone, Hawaii 6.1 1973: April 26 North of Hilo, Honomu, Hawaii 6.2 1975: Nov. 29, 4:47 AM Kilauea, south flank, Kalapana, Hawaii 7.2 1983: Nov.
    [Show full text]
  • 2006 Kiholo Bay Earthquakes Rattle the Hawaiian Islands
    soest Department of 2006 Kiholo Bay Earthquakes GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS University of Hawaii, Manoa Rattle the Hawaiian Islands Summer 2007 Hawaii is one of the most seismically active states in the U.S., and ex- Inside this issue… periences large earthquakes (magnitude (M) > 6.0) on a regular basis, at 2006 Kiholo Bay Earthquake ...........1 Message from the Chair ...................2 least every decade or so. All Degrees & Awards ............................3 earthquakes in Hawaii are ul- In the News, G&G Picnic ................5 timately due to the active and New Faculty in G&G .......................7 growing volcanoes, although SOEST Young Investigators .............9 the specifi c processes causing New Ocean Observatory ..............................11 different earthquakes varies. SOEST Isotope Lab ........................12 The October 15, 2006, Jim Kauahikaua ..............................13 40-kilometer deep M 6.7 Ki- Alumni News .................................15 holo Bay earthquake and its Geology Club .................................18 Faculty News ..................................20 aftershocks were types of earth- Additions to Curriculum ...............24 quakes referred to as “deep G&G Publications 2006-2007 .......25 mantle earthquakes” to distin- Kalahikiola Congregational Church SOEST Open House 2007 .............28 guish them from the shallower in Kapa’au, after the October 15, 2006 crustal earthquakes (such as Magnitude-6.7 earthquake. Photo cour- Nuhou Kanaka Puka the 1975 M 7.7 Kalapana earth- tesy USGS. quake) that also occur in Ha- Nuhou Kanaka Puka (“Alumni News” waii. Scientists have long recognized that such deep mantle earthquakes in Hawaiian) is published by the De- partment of Geology and Geophysics of occur at Hawaii: it is believed that these deep events are the result of the the School of Ocean and Earth Science stresses generated by and Technology (SOEST) for its alumni the huge weight of and friends.
    [Show full text]