This Lecture Tonight we will cover: Wine 3 Class details & Syllabus Introduction to Enology How get the most out of this class How to approach winemaking as a academic subject History of winemaking 1/14/2014 1 2 Introduction to Enology Introduction to Enology Lecture: Lab: Shone Farm - Dutton Ag Pavilion Tuesday Night, 6:00 PM to 9:00 PM Chris Wills Instructor Pat Henderson Instructor Lab-Two sections: Section # 5994 Wednesday 3:00 to 6:00 PM Section # 6689 Wednesday 6:00 to 9:00 PM 3 4 It takes about 15 to Registration 20 minutes to get from SRJC to the The class has many people on the waiting list Shone farm, but who will not get in. Winery there is Plenty of If after tonight's lecture you decide that you Free Parking! do not have the time to devote to class or that you think that you will eventually drop go ahead and do it now to let someone in. 5 6 1 Class Poll Handouts and Power Points Handouts will be given out in class and Winemaking students downloadable Power Point slides will be Industry professionals available at the class website. Winemaking Take notes based on Slide # Other Lecture slides have a lot of detailed Home winemakers information and most test questions come Grape growers directly from the slides. Keep handouts and Power Points organized. 7 8 Class Website Getting the most from this class http://www.santarosa.edu/~jhenderson Read supplemental material The lecture presentations will be available at ASK QUESTIONS! the class website the night before class. Etiquette The website will have class announcements as Arrive on time, allow time to find parking, well as links to articles, supplementary if you come late do not disrupt class. materials, and useful wine websites Turn cell phones off Don’t talk during tastings Academic integrity 9 10 Textbook Philosophy of Winemaking Don’t feel that purchasing any of the books The classic argument is it art or science? Many listed in the syllabus is mandatory, but having wine connoisseurs think of it as an art, wine a little background info before you get to researchers tend to thin k of it as a science. class is useful. To me the answer is obvious, it’s both, it’s a If you keep the lecture presentations and your craft notes well organized it can take the place of a What is the goal of winemaking? Like preparing textbook. fine food, it is to give people pleasure by making something that tastes good. 11 12 2 Philosophy of Winemaking So What is a “good” wine? The art is in finding out what tastes "good" Opinions vary, what is good depends on by doing tasting trials, blends etc. your personal taste. And the science comes from determining the Different opinions on what an ideal wine is methods required to produce what tastes lead to different methods on how to obtain it "good", what techniques do you use to get Variation from vintage to vintage also the desired results. influence a wine’s qualities. This is why wine is such a challenging and interesting field of study. 13 14 Keep in mind So, how can you learn about wine if there is no “right” way to make it? All thought there is no right way to make Keep an open mind wine, some methods are more successful (at least commercially) than others. Learn from as many people as possible If you are making wines for sale, keep your (one advantage to having two instructors) customers in mind. Develop your own style The key is to know what you are doing and why the methods you have chosen will make the style of wine you desire. 15 16 Purpose of this class To learn how practices used in the vineyard and the wine cellar determine a wines flavor. History of California With this knowledge you can wine in any style Winemaking you wish. In other words, to learn what you need to Wine 3 know to be a winemaker. Introduction to Enology 17 1/14/2014 18 3 This Lecture Covers We will deal primarily with California Origins of winemaking in the Old World history; here are some points to consider: History of winemaking in California California was a melting pot of many Mission period cultures: Spanish, Mexican, German, Development of an industry French, Hungarian, Italian, and Chinese. Prohibition & aftermath This continues to this day, French, Australian, Chilean, and Spanish The rebirth of fine wine in California companies have all invested in California. Business cycles in the wine industry 19 20 Points to consider Why Study Wine History? 50% of U.S. wineries are located in CA. and Our history says a lot about where we are 90 % of the nations wine is produced in CA. as an industry now, and where we are Wine is an agricultural product, so economic likely to be heading in the future. cycles exhibit a boom and bust pattern. Quality and value are the key to success; Wine is a food, alcohol is a drug. Influences wineries that deliver both survive for the from prohibitionist and neo-prohibitionists long haul. affect the market for wine. This is important at every price point. Influence of religion on wine consumption 21 22 New Wine History Book Basic Winemaking Inventing Wine: The Basic winemaking is not very complicated. History Of A Very Grape juice will spontaneously ferment after Vintage Beverage the grapes are crushed, so a rudimentary wine By Paul Lukacs (although not a good one) is easy to make. Link to podcast with author on class website 24 4 Birth of winemaking First known historical winemaking took place Persia (modern Iran) about 5,400 BC This is just south of the Trans-Caucasus region where vinifera grapevines (wine grapes) are native to. Grapes were probably first cultivated to be consumed as fruit. 25 26 Winemaking in Egypt Winemaking in Ancient Greece Around 3000 BC By 2000 BC Wine was an Winemaking important part of daily life in spreads to Egypt ancient Greece. and the eastern By 1000 BC the Greeks and Mediterranean Phoenicians had spread wine region, production and vineyards throughout becomes more the Mediterranean. advanced. Greek Amphora 27 28 The Roman era The Roman era Perhaps no culture has ever been as dedicated They were responsible for many innovations: to wine as ancient Rome. Spread winemaking throughout their extensive They were keen observers of nature and their empire in Europe understanding of grape growing and Even without knowledge of chemistry or winemaking was unparalleled in their time. biology, through trial and error winemakers were able develop techniques that worked for their particular situations. 29 30 5 The Roman era The Middle Ages They were responsible for many innovations: In the 1000 years between Spread winemaking throughout their extensive the fall of Rome in 476 empire in Europe and the beginning of the Used barrels for wine renaissance winemaking Grew vines on trellises was consumed near where Used sulfur dioxide it was made. Wrote extensively The Catholic Church was about wine the most important Common people could institution involved in drink wine winemaking. Bacchus, god of wine 31 32 The Renaissance Early American Winemaking At the end of the middle ages the renaissance North America was originally called Vinland ushered in scientific methods of thinking. Wine was made from Native American Trade in wine increased and winemaking grapes in Florida as early as the 1500s expanded to the New World. Winemaking began in Virginia, the Carolinas, Winemaking began in the Americas in the and New Mexico in the 1600s. 1500s European (vinifera) vines did not survive in the eastern U.S. 33 Winemaking expands Mission Period 1769 to 1833 Winemaking expanded westward with the In California grape settling of the continent. growing and winemaking It was usually made from native grapes and was introduced by father fruit and consumed locally. Junipero Serra; he established the first The first commercial winery was in Kentucky in 1799. mission in San Diego in 1769. 36 6 Mission Period 1769 to 1833 Mission Period 1769 to 1833 Wine was essential to the fathers as both a The California Missions beverage and for sacramental purposes. had three parts (The Mission Trinity): At first Father Serra relied on a supply from Mexico for his wine which was sometimes The Presidio (Army unreliable and when he had to purchase wine barracks) from the Presidio he complained the Army The Pueblo (Town) charged him the full price. The Mission (Church) 37 38 Mission Period 1769 to 1833 Mission Period 1769 to 1833 The winemaking practices Spain considered the missions an of the missions were very investment and it wanted returns, for this rudimentary. One account and the reasons above the fathers were describes putting grapes on very interested in making their own wines. an animal skin laid on an Vines were sent to San Juan Capistrano earthen bank and Indians and the first vintage was in 1782. treading the grapes into a vessel made of skins for Steer hide fermentation. fermentation vat 39 40 Mission Grape Mission Grape They also used the mission Suited to hot climates, grape for everything, red, heavy yielding, versatile white, sweet, and dry. and bland, widely planted The mission grape is a until the 1890s. European variety (Vitis Originally propagated vinifera) it is also called Pais, from seeds rather than by Creole, or Criolla Chica in cuttings. It is a minor Latin America Spanish variety called Listán Prieto 41 42 7 Mission Period 1769 to 1833 Mission Period California had many native The 21st and last mission grapes growing along the rivers was San Francisco de and creeks but these were not Solano in Sonoma in 1823.