Study on the Ecological Environmental Protection System of Songjiang District

ITM Web of Conferences 12, 05020 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/itmconf/20171205020 ITA 2017

Guo-Dong YAN1,a, Ya-Nan CAI1,b, Guo-Wei YAN2,*, and Shuang-Shuang LIU1,c

1School of management, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai International Cruise Business Institute NO,333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, China. 2shanghai Lixin University of accounting and finance,NO 2800 Wenxiang Road, Shanghai, China [email protected],[email protected],[email protected] *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract: For Strong and Optimize Shanghai Ecological Environmental System. Shanghai has increased its investment in ecological environmental protection. Songjiang ranks the first in terms of environmental quality in all districts for 8 consecutive years. All the above achievements are due to the efficient and fast optimization and upgrading in its ecological environmental system. This paper focuses on analyzing the features of the ecological environmental protection system of Songjiang, clarifying clarifies the main bottlenecks, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to provide references for relevant government departments.

1 Introduction “Chinese Inhabitable Environment Model”, “Top Ten Leisure Cities of China”, etc. Songjiang ranks the first in Strong and Optimized Shanghai Ecological terms of environmental quality in all districts for 8 Environmental System. Shanghai has increased its consecutive years. All the above achievements are due to investment in ecological environmental protection. the efficient and fast optimization and upgrading in its Spending on energy conservation and environmental ecological environmental system. This paper focuses on protection projects has accounts for 70% of the overall analyzing the features of the ecological environmental budget of Shanghai Municipal Environmental Protection protection system of Songjiang, clarifies the main Bureau. In 2003, Shanghai Environmental Protection bottlenecks, and puts forward corresponding and Coordination Committee were set up with seven countermeasures and suggestions to provide references special working groups and 10 operation mechanisms for relevant government departments. were established. In 2008, the Special Fund for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction was established in Shanghai. The document of Several Suggestions on 2 Features of the Ecological Establishing the Sound Ecological Compensation Environmental Protection System of Mechanism which was established in 2009 explicitly Songjiang District adopted the basic principles of “Government takes the main responsibilities while the market takes the auxiliary The Ecological Environmental Protection System is responsibilities.” Through analyses, it is found that vigorously promoted. To effectively promote the during the five rounds of the Shanghai environmental regional environmental protection work, the Songjiang protection three-year plans, policy mechanism accounts Environmental Protection and Coordination Committee for growing proportions of the total projects in recent was established in 2002, ensuring the smooth years. The fifth round of policy mechanism projects implementation of the Three-year Environmental accounted for 17.91% of the total projects. A number of Protection Plan. In 2013, Songjiang Afforestation and subsidy policies were adopted by the Municipal finance City Beautification Administration approved the on the basis of environmental protection infrastructure establishment of the Federation of City Beautification, projects. Environment Protection and Sanitation. In June 2013, Remarkable Achievements were made by Songjiang the township simple garbage enclosures were all District in Ecological Environmental Protection. demolished, and RMB 5580 per Chinese mu were Songjiang District successively won the honorary titles compensated according to the storage area. Songjiang such as the “International Garden City”, “National implemented the “Green Account” step by step in four Sanitary District”, “National Green City Model ”, streets, and 6 street towns including Jiuting, Xinqiao, etc.

ITM Web of Conferences 12, 05020 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/itmconf/20171205020 ITA 2017

Residents are encouraged and subsidized to sort dry and Environmental Protection Bureau were integrated to wet garbage, and scan the bag bar codes when discarding form the Songjiang Pollutant Inspection Platform, which garbage. In 2014, Shanghai Afforestation and City was officially accepted by Shanghai Environmental Beautification Administration assigned the Protection Bureau on Dec 21st, 2012. administrative rights of “Urban Life Garbage Commercial Cleaning Service” to districts and towns. Sound Long-term Management Mechanism. 3 Dilemma of Songjiang Ecological Songjiang District has set up a sound long-term Environmental System management mechanism. Established the work mechanism of information interaction and joint law Law Enforcement Supervision and Responsibility enforcement and publicity, and effectively improved the Mechanism are yet to be perfected. The current law administrative management efficiency. The Social enforcement supervision mechanism is imperfect. The Public Participation Mechanism was established and the environmental protection department and the other “Environmental Protection Guardian” teams were functional departments are peer government departments, established covering all 16 streets and towns in the therefore work coordination and supervisory district, such as the “Environmental Protection management are unable to be effectively carried out. The Volunteer” team, Citizen Patrol team, Community Red comprehensive environmental law enforcement Armbands, Patriotic Sanitary Inspectors, etc. The performances are inadequate. Besides the hot and “Microblog Netizen Patrol Team” was recruited publicly difficult problems coordinated and resolved by city by Songjiang Afforestation and City Beautification (district) government, the environmental protection Administration Bureau. authorities lack coordination capacity. Weaknesses existing in the law enforcement and inspection Integrated Joint Mechanism of Environmental mechanism: there are difficulties existing in the Administrative Localization Administration In 2012, coordination between the environmental protection Suggestions on the Administrative Localization authorities and other functional departments, especially Implementation of the Songjiang District Afforestation in inspection implementation; there are no clearly & City Beautification, and City Administration, and its identified methods on supervision in laws and supporting implementation proposals, evaluation regulations. Weaknesses existing in the law enforcement methods and detailed rules were drafted and put into responsibility system: there are no concrete operation by all streets and towns on January 1st, 2014. implementations on the Mayor and District Mayor Through administrative localization, unified rights and Accountability System. Weaknesses existing in responsibilities, urban integration, and classified government employee performance assessment implementation, the government coordination functions mechanism: the assessment is GDP oriented with are strengthened, the administrative function of low-level of citizen participation. government departments are transformed, the administrative localization efficiencies are deepened, the The Ecological Construction Mechanism is yet to urban administration focus is continuously promoted be perfected. First, the financing of ecological towards a downward direction, and the new urban compensation mainly relies on government transfer administrative framework is actively built featuring payments and special funds. Second, the department “clear responsibilities, joint interaction, comprehensive oriented ecological compensation lacks explicit management, scientific efficiency”. responsibility body and clear work divisions, so that there are overlapped administrative responsibilities. Regulation Inspection and Reinforce Monitoring Third is the over narrow scope and low standard of of Environmental Quality. The establishment of ecological compensation. Fourth, there is insufficient Songjiang Beautification, Environmental Protection, and stability in the “Engineering Project” compensation Sanitation Comprehensive Evaluation System focuses mode. on joint interactions between the district and subsidiary towns. “Daily Patrol, Night Inspection, Weekly Supervision, and Quarterly Evaluation” in terms of 4 Discussion on Optimization of the environmental protection and sanitation are carried out Ecological Environment Protection in 16 street towns (parks), full-day and all-round quality inspections are implemented to realize efficient System of Songjiang District supervision featuring “timely discovery, fast treatment, Optimize the Property Right System of Resources effective resolution, and forceful inspection”. In 2013, and Environment. We should optimize the mechanism based on the unified quality inspection platform of the of ecological compensation. First is to accelerate the city, Songjiang Environmental Protection authority process of ecological compensation legislation, further carried out all-day, and all-round effective inspections clarify the funding sources, key areas, compensation on 1573 samples in the district. The Laboratory methods, and compensation standards, and define the Information Management System (LIMS) was officially rights and obligations between relevant stakeholders and approved in 2013, and the third party evaluation was the guarantee measures; Second is to increase the fiscal introduced into the environment and sanitation transfer payments from the Central and Shanghai inspection. 7 sub-systems under Songjiang governments; Third is to speed up the reform on resource

ITM Web of Conferences 12, 05020 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/itmconf/20171205020 ITA 2017

taxes, timely impose environment tax, and provide stable increase the penalty on illegal behaviors; Third is to funding sources for ecological compensation; Fourth is innovate the punishment methods on environmental to broaden the financing channels, and encourage social damage behaviors, according to the uncapped “daily capitals to participate in the ecological environment penalty”; Fourth is to improve the environmental construction and maintenance. We should improve the pollution accident investigation system, the system of resource property rights. First is to optimize environmental pollution damage compensation system the resource property right system, and establish the and the system of environmental public interest litigation. system of resource paid usage; Second is to reconstruct The environment related law enforcement capacity the system of resource taxes and environmental taxes; should be strengthened. First is to establish and perfect Third is to speed up the reform on market structures of the environment law enforcement agencies, and form the resource industry; Fourth is to optimize the means of provincial, county and township level environmental law price control, and establish the mechanism for the enforcement supervision network; Second is to increase government to appropriately intervene price regulations investments in the environmental law enforcement, and of resource products. Fifth is to increase the prices of improve the level of law enforcement equipment; Third resource products, reduce the prices of renewable is to strengthen the construction and training of the resources, and raise up the waste discharge costs. environmental law enforcement teams; Fourth is to Establish a Comprehensive Decision-making standardize the procedures of the environmental law Mechanism on Environment and Development .We enforcement system; Fifth is to strengthen cooperation should improve the decision-making mechanism of between departments, and innovate the mechanism of multiple participation. We should build up the policy law enforcement. Supervisions on ecological civilization oriented department coordination mechanism, and construction should be strengthened. First is to implement the veto mechanism on policies and planning strengthen the supervision of various levels of the failed to pass the environmental impact assessment; We National People’s Congress on ecological civilization should suspend the approval of new construction construction; second is to strengthen the judicial projects with new pollutants in areas exceeding the total supervision, and actively promote the implementation of pollutant emission standards; We should suspend the the “Environmental Impact Assessment System”; Third approval of construction projects with relatively great is to strengthen social supervision. ecological impact in severely polluted areas or areas Deepen the Reform on the Resource and without completing the task of ecological recovery. We Environment Administrative System. The should highlight the environmental impact assessment inter-departmental coordination mechanism should be system. First is to carry out environment evaluations built. We should set up Songjiang Leadership Group for targeting high energy consuming and highly polluting Ecological Civilization Construction, organize industries, industrial parks, and hydropower bases; Songjiang environmental protection joint meetings, and Second is to perfect the corresponding management conduct resource and environment administrative system mode connecting new project examination and approval reform step by step. The establishment of primary level with pollution emission reduction, according to the environmental protection agencies should be regional and industrial planning environment strengthened. We should flexibly adopt the local examination regulations; Third is to advance the environment management systems and advocate vertical separation between environmental protection management in accordance with the principle of composition institutions and examination and approval “matching rights with responsibilities and delegating authorities, and set up independent legal environment rights to lower levels”. We should set up local offices of protection agencies; Fourth is to clearly define the township environment protection bureaus in key towns responsibilities of all parties, and increase penalties on of Songjiang, receiving vertical administration from the legal violations. The public participation mechanism district environment protection bureau, or set up special should be promoted. First is to enrich the ways of positions responsible for environment protection work in environmental publicity and education; Second is to township governments. Joint prevention and control define decision-making participation rights, mechanism targeting air pollution should be promoted. environmental supervision and environmental litigation We should carry out “smog” treatment accountability rights of non-governmental organizations and individual mechanism, set up corresponding air pollution control citizens; Third is to strengthen environmental and prevention regulations. The environmental law information disclosure, according to the potential enforcement authorities should eliminate the negative pollution degrees and levels to the environment caused interference of local interests, according to the vertical by enterprises, and conduct classification management; management mode, expand the PM10 and PM2.5 Fourth is to formulate and perfect the NGO particles disclosure channels, and establish and perfect environmental laws and regulations as soon as possible. the accountability system for excessive discharge of Strengthen the Supervision and Management atmospheric pollutants. Retroactive Mechanism .The punishment mechanism on environmental damage activities should be established. First is to raise the charging standards according to the principle of “Making discharge standard higher than governance cost”; Second is to greatly

ITM Web of Conferences 12, 05020 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/itmconf/20171205020 ITA 2017

Acknowledgement 3. Yuanchun Peng, in: Unban Residents' Environmental Behavior Study, Guangming Daily This research was financially supported by the Shanghai Press, Beijing,2013. government decision-making consultation project of 4. Dayong Hong, in: Empirical Research on Chinese Research on the path of making cruise supporting Residents' Concern and Behavior Based on the industrial park relying on the Wusong International Environment-friendly Society, China Renmin Cruise Port (2015/2016-Z-J03), We are grateful for their University Press,Beijing,2012. valuable comments. 5. Ecology Civilization Research Center of Beijing Forestry University, in:Chinese Provincial Eco-civilization Construction Evaluation References Report,Social Sciences Academic Press, 2013. 1. Johan Jansson & Agneta Marel. Green Consumer 6. Lang Zhang:The Change of Shanghai Ecological Behavior: Determinants of Curtailment and Resources Use Mode Promote Green Space System Eco-innovation Adoption. Journal of Consumer Mutation. Territory & Natural Resources Marketing Vol. 27, 2010 Study.(2013) 2. Xiangrong Liu, in:Ecological Civilization Development Strategy Study,People's Publishing House, Beijing,2013.