Dr. William Lane Craig
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Russell, Infinity, and the Tristram Shandy Paradox
RUSSELL, INFINITY, AND THE TRISTRAM SHANDY PARADOX by Shandon Guthrie INTRODUCTION Mathematicians have puzzled for centuries what precisely we mean when we refer to the concept of infinity . Some have suggested that infinity is merely something that exists in the mind. Yet others maintain that infinity possesses some ontological status in the real world. In an attempt to demonstrate the difference between the reality of an infinite and the idea of an infinite, Aristotle had suggested the terms actual infinite (the completed whole value of infinity) and potential infinite (susceptible to infinite addition). (1) Analytic philosopher Bertrand Russell believed that an actual infinite could be achieved as long as the counter possessed an actually infinite number of years to do it. In the example given in Sterne's novel, we have the example of Tristram Shandy. (2) Sterne writes about Tristram Shandy as an individual committed to writing an autobiography. However, he is so slow that it takes him one year in order to complete only one day. This means that the most recent event that could be recorded is the day that occurred one year ago. As Shandy writes an additional day, it takes him an additional year to complete the events of that day. Russell uses this example and believes that an actual infinite can be achieved through successive addition only if Shandy has an infinite number of days to complete it. RUSSELL'S ASSESSMENT OF THE TRISTRAM SHANDY PARADOX Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) suspects that the Tristram Shandy paradox can be solved. For Russell, it is the individual who possesses an infinite number of days. -
On God's Existence
Scholars Crossing SOR Faculty Publications and Presentations Summer 2001 On God's Existence W. David Beck Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/sor_fac_pubs Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, Comparative Methodologies and Theories Commons, Epistemology Commons, Esthetics Commons, Ethics in Religion Commons, History of Philosophy Commons, History of Religions of Eastern Origins Commons, History of Religions of Western Origin Commons, Other Philosophy Commons, Other Religion Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Beck, W. David, "On God's Existence" (2001). SOR Faculty Publications and Presentations. 167. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/sor_fac_pubs/167 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in SOR Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. W. DAVID BECK 49 compared to the energy involved in the entire act of, say, raising one's hand to vote. When an engineer throws a switch to release the water behind Hoover Dam, the vast amount of potential energy unleashed by the moving water is overwhelmingly greater than that involved in the engineer throwing the switch. It may be the same with libeliarian acts. Perhaps the energy released in the exercise of active power is miniscule compared to the poten tial energy released in the body as part of the relevant causal pathway. I just don't lmow. Second, even if one opts for this second option (the release of energy is virtually undetectable), it doesn't follow that the resulting gap would not be detectable, since the effects of a libertarian act could still be quite different in a "gappy" way from what would have followed in the absence of that act. -
2010-PDF-Of-Philosophy-News
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSO PHY fall 2010 THE LIFE OF A PHILOSOPHER WHO WEIGHS LIVES AN INTERVIEW WITH JOHN BROOME By Ellen Roseman The inaugural Roseman Lecture in Practical Ethics was delivered last October by John Broome, White’s Professor of Moral Philosophy and Fellow of Corpus Christi College at Oxford. Before speaking on “The Ethics of Climate Change,” he was interviewed by Ellen Roseman, financial columnist at the Toronto Star, alumna (MA, 1969), and benefactor of this new lecture series. Philosophy professors often steer clear of hot topics appearing on the front page of newspapers, but not John Broome. Maybe it’s because he came to philosophy late in his academic career after spending almost 30 years teaching economics. John Broome Born in Kuala Lumpur, where his father and later at Oxford University. (Though was in the colonial civil service, he went he doesn’t have a doctorate in philoso - government in 2006. Stern’s report was to Cambridge University from 1965 to phy, he did acquire an MA in philosophy savagely criticized by some U.S. econo - 1968. He thought he’d study philosophy at the University of London in 1973.) mists, such as Martin Weitzman of until a tutor at Clare College talked him “I never enjoyed economics,” Broome Harvard and William Nordhaus of Yale. out of it. “He advised me to leave the admits. “It wasn’t what I wanted to do. Broome sprang to his defense. “I have to university and get a job building roads, It was just an accident.” confess they made me angry,” he says. -
Divine Utilitarianism
Liberty University DIVINE UTILITARIANISM A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Masters of Arts in Philosophical Studies By Jimmy R. Lewis January 16, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter One: Introduction ……………………………...……………..……....3 Statement of the Problem…………………………….………………………….3 Statement of the Purpose…………………………….………………………….5 Statement of the Importance of the Problem…………………….……………...6 Statement of Position on the Problem………………………...…………….......7 Limitations…………………………………………….………………………...8 Development of Thesis……………………………………………….…………9 Chapter Two: What is meant by “Divine Utilitarianism”..................................11 Introduction……………………………….…………………………………….11 A Definition of God.……………………………………………………………13 Anselm’s God …………………………………………………………..14 Thomas’ God …………………………………………………………...19 A Definition of Utility .…………………………………………………………22 Augustine and the Good .……………………………………………......23 Bentham and Mill on Utility ……………………………………………25 Divine Utilitarianism in the Past .……………………………………………….28 New Divine Utilitarianism .……………………………………………………..35 Chapter Three: The Ethics of God ……………………………………………45 Divine Command Theory: A Juxtaposition .……………………………………45 What Divine Command Theory Explains ………………….…………...47 What Divine Command Theory Fails to Explain ………………………47 What Divine Utilitarianism Explains …………………………………………...50 Assessing the Juxtaposition .…………………………………………………....58 Chapter Four: Summary and Conclusion……………………………………...60 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………..64 2 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Statement of the -
CURRICULUM VITAE (Last Revised 10/19/2017)
CURRICULUM VITAE (Last Revised 10/19/2017) KEITH McKENDREE PARSONS POSITION: Professor of Philosophy University of Houston-Clear Lake Dates of Employment: September 1, 1996 to present. Assistant Professor, 9/96-9/2002 Associate Professor, 9/2002-9/2006 Promoted to Professor, 9/2006 ADDRESS: Box #296 University of Houston-Clear Lake 2700 Bay Area Boulevard Houston, TX 77058 Office Phone: (281) 283-3361 Home Phone: (281) 309-1944 E-mail: [email protected] EDUCATION: Ph.D.--History and Philosophy of Science, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; 1996 Dissertation: Wrongheaded Science? Rationality, Constructivism, and Dinosaurs; Supervisor: James Lennox Ph.D.--Philosophy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; 1986 Dissertation: Science, Confirmation, and the Theistic Hypothesis; Supervisor: C.G. Prado; M.A.--Philosophy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA; 1982 Thesis: Miracles and Christian Apologetics; Supervisor: James Humber Master of Theological Studies--Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; 1981; awarded cum laude B.A.--Religion and Philosophy, Berry College, Rome, Georgia; 1974; awarded magna cum laude AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION: Philosophy of Science; History of Science and Technology; Philosophy of Religion AREAS OF COMPETENCE: Darwinism; History of Philosophy; Logic; Critical Thinking PUBLICATIONS: Books: Polarized: Confronting the Collapse of Truth, Civility, and Community in Divided Times, Co-authored with Paris N. Donehoo, D. Min. Prometheus Books, (forthcoming, 2018). Bombing The Marshall Islands: A Cold War Tragedy. Co- authored with Robert Zaballa, Ph.D. Cambridge University Press (2017). It Started with Copernicus; extensively revised and expanded (three new chapters) edition of Copernican Questions, Prometheus Books (2014). Selected by Choice Reviews as an Outstanding Academic Title in 2015. -
Christian Apologetics Who Needs It
Advice to European Christian Apologists William Lane Craig SUMMARY Tips to budding European Christian apologists. ADVICE TO EUROPEAN CHRISTIAN APOLOGISTS In 1983, when Alvin Plantinga delivered his inaugural lecture as the John O’Brien Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame, he chose as his topic 'Advice to Christian Philosophers.' Today I have chosen as my subject the related, but somewhat narrower, topic 'Advice to Christian Apologists,' more specifically European Christian Apologists. Now some of you may be thinking, 'Who are you, an American, to be giving us advice?' Plantinga faced a similar question and provided the best means of handling it. He replied, 'That’s a good question. I shall deal with it as one properly deals with good questions to which one doesn’t know the answer: I shall ignore it.' So, too, shall I. I want only to assure you that the advice I shall give, though pointed, springs out of a deep burden for Europe and that I stand united with you in our common task. It is part of the purpose of this conference to awaken a movement of Christian apologetics in Europe with a view toward reclaiming lost intellectual territory for Christ, to remold European intellectual life in such a way as to make the Christian Weltanschauung a viable intellectual alternative for educated European men and women today. The task is daunting, indeed, overwhelming; some might even say hopeless. But given that we serve a God for whom nothing is impossible (Matt. 19.26) and that this is the vision which inspires us and that such is the task which is laid upon us, how shall we best go about it? Before we can answer that question, we need to have some grasp of the challenge confronting us. -
Beliefs in Miraculous Healings, Religiosity and Meaning in Life
Religions 2015, 6, 1113–1124; doi:10.3390/rel6031113 OPEN ACCESS religions ISSN 2077-1444 www.mdpi.com/journal/religions Article Beliefs in Miraculous Healings, Religiosity and Meaning in Life Jakub Pawlikowski 1,*, Michał Wiechetek 2, Jarosław Sak 1 and Marek Jarosz 2 1 Department of Ethics and Human Philosophy, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 1, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Institute of Psychology, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 14, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; E-Mails: [email protected] (M.W.); [email protected] (M.J.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-81-4486-850. Academic Editors: Arndt Büssing and René Hefti Received: 1 June 2015 / Accepted: 9 September 2015 / Published: 17 September 2015 Abstract: Throughout centuries, many interpretations of miraculous healings have been offered by philosophers, theologians, physicians and psychologists. Different approaches to miracles originate from the differences in understanding of causative factors, concepts of nature and the relationship between God and nature. Despite many skeptical arguments, a vast majority of people (approximately 70%) in modern Western societies share a belief in miracles and millions of sick people pilgrimage to sanctuaries seeking their occurrence. The aim of the research was to describe the social perception of miraculous healings, and the relationship between beliefs in miraculous healings, religiosity and meaning in life. A survey was conducted on a group of 178 respondents aged 18 to 30 (M = 21.5; SD = 2.31), 90% Catholics. The obtained results show that it is possible to describe the perception of miraculous healings in category of the essence of the causative factors (natural/supranatural) and definiteness (defined/undefined). -
Literature Review
New Insights and Directions for Religious Epistemology http://www.newinsights.ox.ac.uk Literature Review Analytic epistemology experienced a monumental resurgence in the latter part of the twentieth century. A short paper by Edmund Gettier launched a frenzied era of original research into the nature of some of our central epistemic concepts, e.g., knowledge, justification, rationality, belief, defeat, and evidence. The excitement of Gettier’s challenge to the view that knowledge is justified true belief drew interest from a wide range of very talented philosophers. Formidable figures such as Fred Dretske, John Pollack, Robert Nozick, Roderick Chisholm, Alvin Goldman, Marshall Swain, David Armstrong, Alvin Plantinga, William Alston, Richard Swinburne, and Gilbert Harman, to name just a few, published widely on the foregoing epistemic concepts. This outpouring of original research meant that new theoretical tools and insights became available for application in philosophy of religion. Religious epistemology, taking advantage of this resurgence in mainstream epistemology, experienced a new era of original research. William Alston, Nicholas Wolterstorff, Alvin Plantinga, and Richard Swinburne all played a particularly central role in this resurgence. Alston, in his popular book Perceiving God, argued that religious beliefs held by way of religious experience are just as justified as our regular or quotidian perceptual beliefs. In his masterpiece Warranted Christian Belief, Plantinga, inspired by (i) the notion of a basic belief in the epistemic theory of foundationalism, (ii) his proper functioning account of warrant, and (iii) John Calvin’s theology, defended the position that Christian beliefs are warranted if true. The broad outlines of his position came to be labeled “Reformed Epistemology.” Wolterstorff, in his Reason within the Bounds of Religion, provided an elegant and sophisticated account of the role religious belief play in an agent’s overall epistemic “web” of beliefs. -
God and Evil: the Case for God in a World Filled with Pain
460 PHILOSOPHIA CHRISTI relevant materials in the Christian tradition that stress the importance of con- version and transformation for the pursuit of knowledge of God. In addition, I would like to see a fuller account of the relationship be- tween Christian philosophy and spirituality, especially since Moser thinks that “a Christ-shaped philosophy should be joined with Christ-formed phi- losophers” (169ff.). Undergirding a connection of this sort is a deeper im- mersion in (perhaps dependence on) a set of spiritual practices. This kind of emphasis resembles the early Christian integration of formation and the pursuit of the relevant epistemic goods (for example, knowledge of God, discernment of divine truths, wisdom). Given the current expansion of topics in epistemology, I wonder whether Moser could relocate this project under the category of spiritual formation. The focus here would be on the practices, materials, and processes that are fundamental to the kind of Christian phi- losophy Moser has in mind. Notwithstanding these suggestions, Moser’s proposal rightly takes its place in the intersection of theology and philosophy. It creates space for at- tending more fully to epistemological issues that crop up within theology. REVIEWED BY FREDERICK D. AQUINO ABILENE CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY God and Evil: The Case for God in a World Filled with Pain. Edited by Chad Meister and James K. Dew, Jr. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity, 2013. 360 pages. $20.00. God and Evil serves as an excellent introduction to the problem of evil. Further, it goes beyond most works on the topic by addressing related issues including divine hiddenness, original sin, evolution, and hell. -
Curriculum Vitae of Alvin Plantinga
CURRICULUM VITAE OF ALVIN PLANTINGA A. Education Calvin College A.B. 1954 University of Michigan M.A. 1955 Yale University Ph.D. 1958 B. Academic Honors and Awards Fellowships Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, 1968-69 Guggenheim Fellow, June 1 - December 31, 1971, April 4 - August 31, 1972 Fellow, American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1975 - Fellow, Calvin Center for Christian Scholarship, 1979-1980 Visiting Fellow, Balliol College, Oxford 1975-76 National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowships, 1975-76, 1987, 1995-6 Fellowship, American Council of Learned Societies, 1980-81 Fellow, Frisian Academy, 1999 Gifford Lecturer, 1987, 2005 Honorary Degrees Glasgow University, l982 Calvin College (Distinguished Alumni Award), 1986 North Park College, 1994 Free University of Amsterdam, 1995 Brigham Young University, 1996 University of the West in Timisoara (Timisoara, Romania), 1998 Valparaiso University, 1999 2 Offices Vice-President, American Philosophical Association, Central Division, 1980-81 President, American Philosophical Association, Central Division, 1981-82 President, Society of Christian Philosophers, l983-86 Summer Institutes and Seminars Staff Member, Council for Philosophical Studies Summer Institute in Metaphysics, 1968 Staff member and director, Council for Philosophical Studies Summer Institute in Philosophy of Religion, 1973 Director, National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Seminar, 1974, 1975, 1978 Staff member and co-director (with William P. Alston) NEH Summer Institute in Philosophy of Religion (Bellingham, Washington) 1986 Instructor, Pew Younger Scholars Seminar, 1995, 1999 Co-director summer seminar on nature in belief, Calvin College, July, 2004 Other E. Harris Harbison Award for Distinguished Teaching (Danforth Foundation), 1968 Member, Council for Philosophical Studies, 1968-74 William Evans Visiting Fellow University of Otago (New Zealand) 1991 Mentor, Collegium, Fairfield University 1993 The James A. -
The Argument from Logical Principles Against Materialism: a Version of the Argument from Reason
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2019-04-30 The Argument from Logical Principles Against Materialism: A Version of the Argument from Reason Hawkes, Gordon Hawkes, G. (2019). The Argument from Logical Principles Against Materialism: A Version of the Argument from Reason (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/110301 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY The Argument from Logical Principles Against Materialism: A Version of the Argument from Reason by Gordon Hawkes A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN PHILOSOPHY CALGARY, ALBERTA APRIL, 2019 © Gordon Hawkes 2019 i Abstract The argument from reason is the name given to a family of arguments against naturalism, materialism, or determinism, and often for theism or dualism. One version of the argument from reason is what Victor Reppert calls “the argument from the psychological relevance of logical laws,” or what I call “the argument from logical principles.” This argument has received little attention in the literature, despite being advanced by Victor Reppert, Karl Popper, and Thomas Nagel. -
Century Atheism, in the History of Western Philosophy of Religion : V
This is the published version Oppy, Graham and Trakakis, Nick 2009, Late-twentieth-century atheism, in The history of western philosophy of religion : v. 5. Twentieth-century philosophy of religion, Acumen Publishing Ltd, Durham, England, pp.301-312. Available from Deakin Research Online http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30022451 Every reasonable effort has been made to ensure that permission has been obtained for items included in Deakin Research Online. If you believe that your rights have been infringed by this repository, please contact [email protected] Copyright: 2009, Acumen Publishing 24 LATE-TWENTIETH -CENTURY ATHEISM Graham Oppy and Nick Trakakis In 1948, the BBC broadcast a debate between Bertrand Russell and Father Frederick Copleston on the existence of God (Russell & Copleston 1957). In that debate, Copleston claims: (i) that the existence of God can be proved by a meta physical argument from contingency; and (ii) that only the postulation of the existence of God can make sense of our religious and moral experience. Russell replies by giving diverse reasons for thinking that these two claims are incorrect: there are various ways in which Copleston's argument from contingency fails to be persuasive, and there are more plausible alternative explanations of our religious and moral experience. While there are many significant changes of detail, it is fair to say that the debate between Russell and Copleston typifies exchanges between theists and atheists in the second half of the twentieth century, and it is also fair to say that Russell's contribution to this debate typifies the approaches of late twen tieth-centuryatheists.