CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 VOLUME IX MADRAS PA.R T X-IX DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK NORTH ARCOT VOLUME I P. K. NAMBIAR OF THE INDIAN ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICE. SUPERINTENDENT OF CENSUS OPERATIONS. MADRAS PUBLISHED BY THE DIRECTOR OF STATIONERY AND PRINTINO. MADRAS AND PRINTED AT THE SHANTI PRESS, MADRAS· 1 1966 Price: Rs. 12/ = PREFACE It has been the policy of the Government of Madras to print and publish village statistics based on the information collected during each Census. In 1951, the Government of India offered to hand over to the State Government the Census Tables and abstracts prepared during Census and suggested that they might be printed and published along with any other useful information relating to each district. The form of the District Census Handbook was thus conceived. The State Government accepted the idea and a publication was brought out at the cost of the State Government. Each District Census Handbook consisted of two parts-Part I containing three sections, viz., General PopUlation Tables, Economic Tables, Tables I, II and III of Small-Scal~ Industries, Summary figures of district and taluks, rural and urban statistics and Part II containing C and D Series, viz., Household and Age Tables and Social and Cultural Tables and District Occupational Abstract. A District Census Handbook was published for each district. It has been considered an important achievement of the last Census. Sri A. Mitra, Registrar General, India, decided not only to. continue the series during 1961, but to improve definitely on its content, so that each District Census Handbook would contain basic economic data for the smallest administrative unit in the district and be a useful reference book for scholars, Central and State Governments, Local Bodies and private institutions. The proposal of widening the scope of the Census Hand­ book was accepted by the State Gov\?rnment in their G. O. Ms. No. 154 Public (Elections II) dated the 31st January 1961. It was also decided to publish it at the cost of the State Government. The first District Census Handbook which we published was on Coimbatore. The present Volume which is the ninth in the series is on North Arcot. The first volume contains an introductory essay on all important aspects of the district, physical features, history, people and their social condition, agriculture, industries, public health, education, irrigation, electricity and other allied topics. It contains "A" Series Tables, "B" Series, "C" Series, SeT for each taluk, SC I, ST I and II and a list of fairs and festivals in the district. Seventy-two statements of administrative statistics classified under seven sections have been included in the second volume of this District Census Handbook. 1. Agriculture and Irrigation 2. Industry and Labour 3. Education 4. Public Health 5. Law and Order 6. Communications 7. Miscellaneous A new feature of the District Census Handbook is the Village Directory which replaced the rural statistics included in the previous Census series. An abstract giving a complete list of all villages and towns in each taluk in the district along with the distribution of popUlation by sex and various categories of workers has been added. It also gives an account of the basic amenities available in each village such as educational, medical, irrigation ai, posts and telegraphs, communication and electrification. A villagewise list of industries classified according to the ii Indian Standard Industrial Classification Code and the total number of units in the different types of industry for each village, an alphabetical list of villages along with their corresponding Census location code number and a statement showing the type of soil and type of terrain, sources of irrigation, important wet and dry crops and value of such lands will also be found in the second volume. The second volume of this book contains maps of each taluk in the district and in addition the following interesting items: 1. Gazetteer of place names; 2. Calendar of outstanding occurrences that have influenced the district. It has been also my endeavour to include in this volume all items of information collected by the Census Organisation in the course of special studies undertaken during 1961 Census. Though the publication will be issued by the Government of Madras, the views expressed in the volume are personal and do not bind the Government. This volume containing a variety of information relating to North Arcot district will, I hope, be useful to the general public. In keeping with the policy of the Government to make Tamil the language of administra­ tion, the Government of Madras have decided to issue an abridged edition of District Census Handbook in Tamil. This abridgement will be done by the State Government, but they have kindly agreed to show it to me for comments before publication. In preparing this volume, I have been assisted by a large number of my staff.' Special mention should be made of Sri K. C. Narayana Kurup, my Deputy Superintendent, who has assisted me in compiling and test-checkin~ the material pieced together jn this volume. I am also grateful to Sri Asok Mitra, I.C.S., Census Commissioner of India for having made it possible to conceive of a volume like this for publication in connection with the 1961 Census. P. K. N.A M B I A R, Superintendent of Census Operations ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to acknowledge the able assistance given by the following members of my staff in the preparation and presentation of statistics in this volume: Sri. M. Panchapakesan Tabu/ation Officer " N. Rama Rao " " A. V. Vallinathan Statistical Assistant Mrs. M. Jagadheeswari Lower Division Clerk Sri R. Rajamani Draughtsman " N. Chandran " I wish to place on record my appreciation of the good work done by the Shanti Press, Madras in printing this volume. P. K. NAMBIAR. CONTENTS PART I PAGES Preface i-ii Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1- 5 II CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATION 6 - 15 III PEOPLE 16 - 17 IV HOUSING 18 - 27 V AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY 28 - 30 VI IRRIGATION 31 - 32 VII EDUCATION AND PUBLIC HEALTH 33 - 34 VIII INDUSTRIES AND TRADE 35 - 36 IX HANDLOOMS 37 - 40 X LOCAL ADMINISTRATION AND ELECTIONS 41 - 44 XI ACHIEVEMENTS UNDER FIVE YEAR PLANS 45 - 54 XII TEMPLES 55 - 56 PART II CENSUS TABLES A. SERIES-GENERAL POPULATION TABLES A I Area, Houses and Population­ Fly leaf 61 - 62 Table 62 - 64 Appendix 1-1951 Territorial Units constituting the present set up of North Arcot District 65 Sub-Appendix to Appendix I-Areas for 1951 and 1961 for those Municipalities which have undergone changes in area since 1951 Census 66 Appendix II - Number of villages with a popUlation of 5,000 and over and towns with a population under 5,000 67 Appendix lII-Houseless and Institutional Population 67 - 68 vi A II Variation in population during sixty years Fly leaf 69 Table } A III Villages classified by population- Fly leaf 70 - 72 Table 73 A IV Towns (and Town-groups) classified by population with variation since 1941- Fly leaf 74 - 75 Table 76 - 79 B. SERIES-GENERAL ECONOMIC (B I - B IX) AND HOUSEHOLD ECONOMIC (B X - B XVJI) TABLES (i) GENERAL ECONOMlC TABLES Preliminary Note 83 B I Workers and Non-workers classified by sex and broad age-groups­ Fly leaf 84 Table 85 - 88 B III Industrial classification of Workers and Non-workers by educational Parts A&B levels in Urban and Rural Areas- Fly leaf 89 Table 90 - 95 B IV Industrial classification by sex and class of worker of persons at work Parts A,B& C Fly leaf 96 Table Part A-At Household Industry 97 -100 . Table Part B-In Non-Household Industry, Trade, Business, Profes­ sion or Service- 101-109 Table Part C-In Household Industry, Non-Household Industry, Trade, Business, Profession or Service- 110-134 Appendix (Standard Industrial classification) 135-:-142 B V Occupational classification by sex of persons at work other than Cultivation- Fly leaf 143 144-188 Appendix (National classification of occupations) 189-:-195 vii B VI Occupational divisions of persons at work other than Cultivation classified by sex, broad age-groups and educational levels in Urban areas onty- Fly leaf 196 Table 197-204 B VII Part A-Persons working principally (i) as Cultivators (ii) as Agricultural Parts A & B Labourers or (iii) at Household Industry classified by sex and by secondary work (i) at Household Industry (ii) as Cultivator or (iii) as Agricultural Labourer- Part B-Industrial classification by sex of persons working in Non­ Household Industry, Trade, Business, Profession or Service who are also workers engaged in Household Industry- Fly leaf 205 Table B VII-Part A 206-208 Table B VII-Part B 209-212 B VIII Persons unemployed aged IS and above by sex, broad age - groups Parts A & B and educational levels in Urban and Rural areas- Fly leaf 213 Table 214-217 B IX Persons not at work classified by sex, broad age-groups and type of activity- Fly leaf 218 Table 219-224 (ii) HOUSEHOLD ECONOMIC TABLES Preliminary Note on Household Economic Tables 227-233 Appendix-Selected local rights on land in North Arcot District 234-235 B X Sample Households (i) engaged neither in Cultivation nor Household Industry (ii) engaged either in Cultivation or Household Industry but not in both and (iii) engaged both in Cultivation and Household Industry for all areas- Fly leaf 236 Table 237 " B XI Sample Households engaged in Cultivation classified by interest in land and size of land cultivated in Rural and Urban areas separately- Fly leaf 238 Table 239-240 B XII Sample Households engaged in Cultivation only classified by size of land cultivated and number