STRENGTHENING A POPULATION APPROACH FOR HEALTH SYSTEM PLANNING A Public Health Ontario 2017-18 Special Edition Locally Driven Collaborative Project (LDCP)

Literature Search Strategy

Introduction Although a full scoping literature review was not part of this project’s deliverables, the research team launched a literature search to increase topical knowledge and provide support for this and future work focused on collaboration between health authorities and public health units. The literature review surveyed scholarly articles, books, and other sources (e.g., dissertations, conference proceedings) with the following question in mind: ‘What are the key elements for collaboration between health authorities and public health units to improve the health system using a population health approach?’

Methods The team used a mixed method approach utilizing a narrative review with a thematic analysis to describe key points. The team performed a limited scoping search according to the following stages:

Stage 1: Clarify and link the purpose of the review and research question Stage 2: Balance feasibility with breadth and comprehensiveness of the process Stage 3: Utilize inclusion / exclusion criteria to screen and select studies (Figure 1) Stage 4: Extract data from selected studies using conceptual categories Stage 5: Consult with stakeholders to identify additional publications and/or research in-progress

The search was restricted to articles published from 2006 to present, after the implementation of the Local Health System Integration Act in 2006. The following databases and journal were searched:

1. Ovid MEDLINE(R) Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present 2. Embase 1996 to 2017 Week 45 – Excluding Medline Journals 3. EBSCOhost Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4. EBSCOhost CINHAL 5. EBSCOhost Health Business Elite 6. Reference List Searching / Snowballing of Key Documents 7. Grey Literature – Canada

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Figure 1. Title and Abstract Search Flow Chart

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Results The research team prepared a list of search scripts and results for several online databases (Appendix 1) and a list of articles that met the searching procedure strategy (Appendix 2).

Project Team

Lead Health Unit . Overall Project Lead - Vera Etches, MD, MHSc, CCFP, FRCPC, Medical Officer of Health, Ottawa Public Health; . Lead Epidemiologist - Amira Ali, MBBS, MSc, Senior Epidemiologist, Ottawa Public Health; . Project Coordinator - Lise Labrecque, BSW, MHSc, Cert. PE, Program & Project Management Officer, Ottawa Public Health; Academic Leads . Ruta Valaitis, RN, PhD (McMaster University); . Anita Kothari, PhD (University of Western Ontario); Co-applicants . Louise Simmons, MSc, Manager, Foundational Standard, Eastern Ontario Health Unit; . Cal Martell, Senior Director, Health System Integration, Champlain LHIN; . Sinéad McElhone, BSc, DPhil, Manager of Surveillance and Evaluation, Niagara Region Public Health; . Ruth Sanderson, MSc, Manager, Foundational Standard, Oxford County Public Health; . Marc Lefebvre, MA, Manager, Population Health Assessment and Surveillance, Public Health Sudbury & Districts; and Research Coordinator . Nancy Murray, RN, PhD. Funding and Acknowledgements

The “Public Health Units and LHINs Working Together for population health” Research Team would like to thank all participants who have shared their ideas and thoughts with us in Phases 1 and 2.

The team also gratefully acknowledges funding received from Pubic Health Ontario (PHO) through the Locally Driven Collaborative Projects program. The views expressed in this publication are the views of the project team, and do not necessarily reflect those of PHO.

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Appendix 1

Search Scripts and Results from Ovid MEDLINE(R) Databases

A record of the number of results and the search script for each search performed in the Ovid MEDLINE(R) databases (i.e., Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non- Indexed Citations, Daily, <1946 to Present>). An EndNote file of the list of articles is available upon request from the research team: Amira Ali: [email protected] or Ruta Valaitis: [email protected]

Table 1. Results of searches in the Ovid MEDLINE(R) databases in 2017, sorted by ascending search number # Search Script Results Type

1 ("health* authorit*" or "health* region*" or "regional* health*" or 32358 Advanced "district* health*" or (territor* adj2 health*) or (region* adj2 health* adj3 (authorit* or body or bodies or district* or directorate* or zone* or zoning or organi#ation* or govern* or regulat* or jurisdiction* or consortium* or collectiv* or model* or system* or admin* or board* or director* or executive* or president* or sub-region* or neighbo?rhood cluster* or trust* or department* or staff* or polic* or standard* or integrat* or financ*)) or (district* adj2 health* adj3 (authorit* or body or bodies or zone* or zoning or organi#ation* or govern* or regulat* or jurisdiction* or consortium* or collectiv* or model* or system* or administ* or board* or director* or executive* or president* or integrat* or sub-region* or neighbo?rhood* cluster* or trust* or department* or staff* or polic* or standard* or financ*)) or (municipal* adj2 health* adj3 (authorit* or body or bodies or zone* or organi#ation* or govern* or regulat* or jurisdiction* or consortium* or collectiv* or model* or system* or admin* or board* or director* or executive* or integrat* or president* or sub-region* or trust* or department* or staff* or polic* or standard* or financ*)) or "health link" or "health links" or healthlink or healthlinks or ("local health*" adj1 (authorit* or body or bodies or zone* or jurisdiction* or consortium* or collectiv* or model* or system* or integrat* or sub-region* or trust* or region* or district*)) or ("local health*" adj3 (organi#ation or organi#ations or organi#ed)) or ("Provincial

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health*" adj2 (district* or jurisdiction* or sub-region* or trust* or municipal* or region* or territor*)) or "Vitalite Health Network" or "Horizon Health Network" or "HSS Authorit*" or "Health and Social Services Authorit*" or "Nunavut Department of Health" or "Alberta Health Service*" or "Palliser Health Region" or "Peace Country Health" or "Northern Lights Health Region" or "Regina Qu'Appelle Health Region" or (abitibi-temiscamingue adj2 region*) or (estrie adj2 region*) or (outaouais adj2 region*) or (chaudiere-appalaches adj2 region*) or (cote-nord adj2 region*) or (gaspesie-iles-de-la-madeleine adj2 region*) or (("mauricie et du centre-du-quebec" or "Central Quebec") adj2 region*) or (monteregie adj2 region*) or (lanaudiere adj2 region*) or (laval adj2 region*) or (montreal-centre adj2 region*) or (laurentides adj2 region*) or (("terres-cries-de-la- baie-james" or "Cree territory of James Bay") adj2 region*) or (("bas-saint-laurent" or "lower saint-lawrence") adj2 region*) or ((nord-du-quebec or "North Quebec") adj2 region*) or (nunavik adj2 region*) or ("saguenay lac saint-jean" adj2 region*) or "Clinical Commissioning Group*" or "Primary Care Trust*" or "Health and wellbeing board*" or "medicare local*" or ((district* or regional* or municipal* or territor*) adj2 board*) or ((Denmark or Zealand) adj3 region*) or (health* adj2 directorate*) or "District Health Insurance House*" or Cantons or (regional adj2 medical adj3 (program* or authorit*)) or "health* service* area*").mp. or ((administrat* or organi* or manag* or governance or regulat*) adj3 (health* service* adj2 deliver*)).ti,ab,kf. or ((regional or authorit* or board* or council* or directorate*) adj2 health* plan*).ti,ab,kf. or "local health integration network*".tw. or (LHIN or LHINs).tw. 2 "State Health Planning and Development Agencies"/ or 29510 Advanced Advisory Committees/ or Health Facility Administration/ or Health Facility Administrators/ or Health Planning Councils/ or Health Services Administration/ or Health Systems Agencies/ or Health Systems Plans/ or Regional Health Planning/ or Regional Medical Programs/ 3 or/1-2 52792 Advanced

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4 (allianc* or "bring* together" or coalition* or collaborat* or 3713334 Advanced ((common or shared) adj2 (understanding or language* or goal*)) or consult* or cooperat* or co-operat* or co-ordinat* or coordinat* or (ecological adj2 (system* or approach* or lens or model* or framework* or strateg*)) or engage* or engaging or integrat* or interinstitution* or inter-institution* or interpersonal or inter-personal or interprofessional or inter-professional or intersectoral or inter-sectoral or intra-personal or intrapersonal or (joint* adj2 plan*) or linkage* or link or linked or links or network* or partner* or relationship* or unification or unified or unifies or unify or (work* adj2 together) or teamwork or mobili#ing or mobili#e* or ((data or knowledge or information or statistic*) adj2 (exchang* or transfer* or shar* or mobili#ation*)) or ((team* or staff* or work* or department* or organi#ation* or colleag* or co-worker* or coworker* or nurse* or executive* or director* or manager* or member or members or associate* or partner* or collaborator*) adj2 (exchang* or transfer* or shar* or disclos*)) or align* or incorporat* or coordinat* or co-ordinat* or operational or operationali#e* or operationally).ti,ab,kf. 5 Community Networks/ or Community-Institutional Relations/ or 134378 Advanced Cooperative Behavior/ or Coalitions/ or Information Dissemination/ or Interdepartmental Relations/ or Interdisciplinary Communications/ or Interinstitutional Relations/ or Interprofessional Relations/ or Intersectoral Collaboration/ or Mandatory Programs/ or Public-Private Sector Partnerships/ 6 or/4-5 3784142 Advanced 7 ("public health*" or "health* unit" or "health* units" or ("local 470608 Advanced health*" adj (unit or units or agenc* or department* or center* or centre* or organi#ation* or administrat* or governanc* or jurisdiction* or institut* or board* or staff* or worker* or co- worker* or coworker* or colleag* or nurs* or trust* or servic* or program* or plan* or promot* or educat*)) or ("communit* health*" adj (unit or units or agenc* or department* or center* or centre* or organi#ation* or administrat* or governanc* or jurisdiction* or institut* or board* or staff* or worker* or co-

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worker* or coworker* or colleag* or nurs* or trust* or servic* or program* or plan* or promot* or educat*)) or (environment* health* adj1 (program* or servic* or educat* or promot* or campaign*)) or (epidemiolog* adj2 (monitor* or assess* or program* or servic* or promot* or educat*)) or ("health* service*" adj prevent*) or (prevent* adj health* service*) or (population* adj2 health*) or ((rural or "farm* communit*" or town* or village* or (remote* adj1 (locat* or area* or geograph*)) or urban or peri-urban or city or cities or suburban or municipal* or (vertical adj2 communit*) or (High adj rise*) or (inner adj cit*) or ((density or densely or highly) adj2 popula*) or metropolitan or suburb*) adj2 ("health* service*" or "health* program*" or "communit* health*" or "health* promot*" or "health* educat*" or "health* campaign*")) or (health* adj1 (communit* or program* or service* or promot* or educat* or campaign*) adj2 (contracept* or sex* or STI or STD or "Sexually transmitted infection*" or "sexually transmitted disease*" or HIV or "Human Immunodeficiency virus")) or ((maternal* or paternal) adj2 ("health* service*" or "health* program*" or "communit* health*" or "health* promot*" or "health* educat*" or "health* campaign*")) or ((dietitian* or dietetic* or nutrition*) adj2 (program* or servic* or communit*)) or (nutrition* adj2 (educat* or promot* or campaign*)) or ("weight reduc*" adj2 (program* or servic* or educat* or promot* or campaign*)) or (food* adj2 (safe* or poison* or contaminat* or disease*) adj2 (program* or servic* or inspect* or prevent* or surveill*)) or (("safe water*" or "water qualit*" or "vector born" or "safe drink*") adj2 (monitor* or program* or surveill*)) or ((septic or sewage) adj2 (servic* or program*)) or ((speech or blind or "low vision" or hearing) adj2 (servic* or program*)) or ("chronic disease*" adj1 (prevent* or promot* or program* or service* or educat* or campaign*)) or ((injury or injuries or "substance misuse") adj2 prevent* adj2 (servic* or program* or educat* or promot* or campaign*)) or ("family health*" adj2 (servic* or program* or educat* or promot* or campaign*)) or ("reproductive health*" adj2 (program* or service* or educat* or promot* or campaign*)) or (child*

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health* adj2 (program* or service* or educat* or promot* or campaign*)) or (emergenc* prepar* adj2 (program* or servic* or educat* or promot* or campaign*)) or (communit* sanitation adj2 program*) or "Medical officer of health*").mp. or ((communit* adj2 dentist*) or (prevent* adj2 dentistry) or "healthy people program*" or ("child* health*" adj1 (servic* or program* or promot* or educat* or campaign*)) or ((communit* or communicable or public or populat* or report*) adj2 ("infection* control*" or "disease* control*")) or (environmental adj1 medicine) or ((immuni* or vaccin*) adj2 (program* or servic* or nurs* or promot* or educat* or campaign*)) or "health* fair*").ti,ab,kf. or "Healthy Babies Healthy Children Program*".tw. or "Healthy Smiles Ontario".tw. or "Ontario Tobacco Strateg*".tw. 8 Child Health Services/ or Chronic Disease/pc or 614083 Advanced Communicable Disease Control/ or Community Dentistry/ or Community Health Nursing/ or Community Health Planning/ or Community Health Services/ or Dental Health Surveys/ or Environmental Medicine/ or Environmental Monitoring/ or Epidemiological Monitoring/ or exp Food Safety/ or exp Rural Health Services/ or Services/ or Foodborne Diseases/pc or Health Education, Dental/ or Health Education/ or Health Fairs/ or Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice/ or Health Promotion/ or Healthy People Programs/ or Immunization Programs/ or Infection Control, Dental/ or Infection Control/ or Mass Vaccination/ or Maternal Health Services/ or Mobile Health Units/ or Nurses, Community Health/ or Nurses, Public Health/ or Occupational Medicine/ or Preconception Care/ or Preventive Dentistry/ or Preventive Psychiatry/ or Primary Prevention/ or Public Health Administration/ or Public Health Dentistry/ or Public Health Informatics/ or Public Health Nursing/ or Public Health Practice/ or Public Health Surveillance/ or School Health Services/ or Sex Education/ or Suburban Health Services/ or Urban Health Services/ or Weight Reduction Programs/ 9 or/7-8 898302 Advanced

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10 (((deliver* or comprehensiv* or qualit* or access or evaluat*) 4209193 Advanced adj2 (health care or healthcare)) or (cost* adj2 (control* or analysis or reduc* or plan* or benefit*)) or efficient* or efficienc* or financ* or fiscal* or ((evidence* inform* or evidence* base*) adj2 (practic* or decision* or "public health*")) or (health* adj2 (reform* or expenditure* or merg* or plan* or polic* or priorit* or resource* or research* or literacy)) or innovat* or modern* or revolutioni* or reform* or transform* or improv* or "system chang*" or accountab* or transparen* or (program* adj2 (develop* or evaluat*)) or "public polic*" or (qualit* adj2 (improv* or incentiv* or manage* or control* or assurance* or assure*)) or (health* adj2 (equit* or inequit* or equal* or status or disparit* or discriminat* or marginali* or deprivation or disparit* or unjustness or status*)) or (health servic* adj2 access*) or (build* adj2 capacit*)).ti,ab,kf. or (((administrat* or organi#e* or improv*) adj2 health*) or ((economic* or invest*) adj2 (benefit* or value* or saving* or advantage*or effective* or analys* or evaluat* or utility or minimi* or consequenc* or impact or return)) or cost-effect* or cost-benefit* or cost-sav* or financial* or fiscal* or business case* or ROI or expenditure* or ((patient* or client*) adj2 (wait* or time* or "care manage*")) or ((medical or hospital or health*) adj2 (record* or system*)) or "social determinant*" or "patient-centered" or (work* adj2 (productiv* or engag*)) or "community-based primary health*").mp. or "triple aim".tw. or "quadruple aim".tw. 11 "Costs and Cost Analysis"/ or "Delivery of Health Care, 7698326 Advanced Integrated"/ or "Delivery of Healthcare"/ or "Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)"/ or "Referral and Consultation"/ or "Social Determinants of Health"/ or Capacity Building/ or Comprehensive Health Care/ or Consumer Health Information/ or Cost Control/ or Cost of Illness/ or Cost Savings/ or Economics, Behavioral/ or Economics, Medical/ or Economics, Nursing/ or Economics/ or Efficiency Organizational/ or Efficiency/ or Evidence-Based Practice/ or exp "Organization and Administration"/ or exp "Quality of Health Care"/ or exp Comprehensive Health Care/ or exp

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Cost-Benefit Analysis/ or exp Medical Records/ or Financing, Government/ or Financing, Government/ or Health Care Costs/ or Health Care Reform/ or / or Health Expenditures/ or Health Expenditures/ or Health Facility Merger/ or Health Facility Planning/ or / or Health Plan Implementation/ or Health Planning Guidelines/ or Health Planning Organizations/ or Health Policy/ or Health Priorities/ or Health Resources/ or Health Services Accessibility/ or Health Services Research/ or Health Status Disparities/ or Health Status Indicators/ or Health Status/ or Healthcare Financing/ or Hospital Costs/ or Job Satisfaction/ or Mandatory Reporting/ or Medical Records Systems, Computerized/ or Minority Health/ or Models, Economic/ or Organizational Culture/ or Organizational Innovation/ or Organizational Policy/ or Patient Care Management/ or Patient Education as Topic/ or Policy Making/ or Program Development/ or Public Policy/ or Quality Assurance, Health Care/ or Quality Control/ or Quality Improvement/ or Reimbursement, Incentive/ or Secondary Care/ or Time Factors/ or Total Quality Management/ or Vulnerable Populations/ 12 or/10-11 10068174 Advanced 13 3 and 6 and 9 and 12 5165 Advanced 14 limit 13 to (english language and yr="2006 -Current") 2670 Advanced

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Appendix 2

List of Research Articles Identified by Searching Procedure

Table 2. List of articles that met the searching procedure strategy in 2017 Journal, Year, Volume, Author(s) Title Edition and Page Numbers Gurganus, Implementing the Regional Epidemiological Community mental health Kelsey M., et al. Outcomes Workgroup (Reow) in the State journal 51.5 (2015): 535-9. of Oklahoma for Substance Abuse Print. Prevention: An Odmhsas Project. Griswold, K. S., Communities of Solution: Partnerships for JABFM.26 (2013): 232-38. S. E. Lesko, and Population Health. Print. J. M. Westfall. Strelioff, Wayne, Collaborating to Embrace Evidence- Nursing leadership (Toronto, Melanie Lavoie- Informed Management Practices within Ont.) 20.1 (2007): 33-9. Print. Tremblay, and Canada's Health System. Melissa Barton. Adams, Cheryll. Working with Nice. The journal of family health care 17.4 (2007): 113-4. Print. Bergevin, Yves, Transforming Regions into High- HealthcarePapers 16.1 et al. Performing Health Systems toward the (2016): 34-52. Print. Triple Aim of Better Health, Better Care and Better Value for Canadians. Wedge, Richard, System-Level Reform in Healthcare HealthcarePapers 15 Spec and Douglas W. Delivery for Patients and Populations No (2016): 67-123. Print.

Currie. Living with Chronic Disease. Wise, Kurt. Why Public Health Needs Relationship Journal of Health & Human Management. Services Administration 31.3 (2008): 309-31. Print. Levine, David. Integrating Health Services: The View from Healthcare quarterly Montreal. (Toronto, Ont.) 10.3 (2007): 88. Print. Mental Health Reform in the Russian Bulletin of the World Health Federation: An Integrated Approach to Organization 85.11 (2007): Achieve Social Inclusion and Recovery. 858-66. Print. Shorter, B. Overcoming Canada's Healthcare Healthc Q 13 (2010): 114-6. Challenges with Analytics. Print. Stine, N. W., D. Improving Population Health in Us Cities. JAMA 309.5 (2013): 449-50. A. Chokshi, and Print. M. N. Gourevitch. Asch, D. A., and Paying for Performance in Population Prev Chronic Dis 7 (2010): R. M. Werner. Health: Lessons from Health Care A98. Print. Settings. Baxter, M. A. The New Nhs and Diabetes Care. British Journal of Diabetes and Vascular Disease 14.3 (2014): 87-94. Print.

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Poetz, A. Lessons Learned from the Edmonton Sti Canadian Journal of Outreach Learning Site: Implications for Infectious Diseases and Creating Evidence-Informed Programs. Medical Microbiology 23 (2012): 39B. Print. Landsburg, S. 2009 Pandemic H1n1 Mass Immunization Canadian Journal of R., et al. in New Brunswick First Nation Infectious Diseases and Communities. Medical Microbiology 21.4 (2010): 229-30. Print. Harris, Jenine Using Social Network Analysis to Public Health Reports 122.4 K., and Bruce Understand Missouri's System of Public (2007): 488-98. Print. Clements. Health Emergency Planners. Helgesen, Marit Capacity to Reduce Inequities in Health in Scandinavian journal of Kristine, Norwegian Municipalities. public health 45.18_suppl Elisabeth Fosse, (2017): 77-82. Print. and Susanne Hagen. Henderson, Perinatal Quality Collaboratives: Improving Journal of women's health Zsakeba T., et Care for Mothers and Infants. (2002) 23.5 (2014): 368-72. al. Print. Hessler, B. J., et Assessing the Relationship between Journal of Public Health al. Health Information Exchanges and Public Management & Practice 15.5 Health Agencies. (2009): 416-24. Print. Hoeijmakers, M., Local Health Policy Development Health promotion et al. Processes in the Netherlands: An international 22.2 (2007): 112- Expanded Toolbox for Health Promotion. 21. Print. Hogben, M., et Assessing the Role of Prevention Sex Transm Infect (2013). al. Partnerships in Std Prevention: A Review Print. of Comprehensive Std Prevention Systems Progress Reports. Horney, Jennifer Support and Services Provided by Public Journal of public health A., et al. Health Regional Surveillance Teams to management and practice : Local Health Departments in North JPHMP 17.1 (2011): E7-13. Carolina. Print. Howard, Steven Oregon's Experiment in Health Care Journal of health politics, W., et al. Delivery and Payment Reform: policy and law 40.1 (2015): Coordinated Care Organizations Replacing 245-55. Print. Managed Care. Ippolito, A., and Theoretical Contribution to Develop the International Journal of P. Zoccoli. Classical Balanced Scorecard to Health Healthcare Management 6.1 Care Needs. (2013): 37-44. Print. J.R, Vest, T. R. Challenges, Alternatives, and Paths to Journal of Medical Systems Campion Jr, and Sustainability for Health Information 37.9987 (2013). Print. R. Kaushal. Exchange Efforts. Jackson, Claire Seriously Working Together: Integrated The Medical journal of L., et al. Governance Models to Achieve Australia 188.8 Suppl (2008): Sustainable Partnerships between Health S57-60. Print. Care Organisations. Johns, Susan, Our Health in Our Hands: Building Rural Society 17.1 (2007): Sue Kilpatrick, Effective Community Partnerships for Rural 50-65. Print. and Jessica Health Service Provision. Whelan.

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Kandler, U., et The Bavarian Working Group on Antibiotic Antimicrobial Resistance and al. Resistant Pathogens (Lare). Infection Control 4 (2015). Print. Keyser, D. J., et Mobilizing a Region to Redesign a Local Family and Community al. System of Care: Lessons from a Health 33.3 (2010): 216-27. Community-Based Learning Collaborative. Print. Khalil, E., et al. Improving Pediatric Health Care Response Paediatrics and Child Health in a Disaster through Inter Professional (Canada) 19.6 (2014): e89- Training. e90. Print. Khosla, N., J. A. The Use of Memoranda of Understanding Health Services Management Marsteller, and in Fostering Inter-Agency Collaboration: A Research 26.4 (2014): 126- D. R. Holtgrave. Qualitative Study of Health Services 36. Print. Agencies Serving Vulnerable Populations in Baltimore, USA. Koh, Howard K., Regionalization of Local Public Health Annual review of public et al. Systems in the Era of Preparedness. health 29 (2008): 205-18. Print. Kok, Sarah, et Optimizing an Hiv Testing Program Using a Health care management al. System Dynamics Model of the Continuum science 18.3 (2015): 334-62. of Care. Print. Kuunders, Theo Implementation of a Guideline for Local BMC health services J. M., et al. Health Policy Making by Regional Health research 17.1 (2017): 562. Services: Exploring Determinants of Use Print. by a Web Survey. Kuunders, Theo Towards Local Implementation of Dutch Health promotion J. M., et al. Health Policy Guidelines: A Concept- international (2017). Print. Mapping Approach. Lee, B. Y., et al. The Regional Healthcare Ecosystem JAMIA 20.e1 (2013). Print. Analyst (Rhea): A Simulation Modeling Tool to Assist Infectious Disease Control in a Health System. Levesque, Jean- Scoping of Models to Support Population- Australian health review : a Frederic, et al. Based Regional Health Planning and publication of the Australian Management: Comparison with the Hospital Association 41.2 Regional Operating Model in Victoria, (2017): 162-69. Print. Australia. Li, Yan, et al. Using Systems Science to Inform Public health reports Population Health Strategies in Local (Washington, D.C. : 1974) 132 Health Departments: A Case Study in San (2017): 549-55. Print. Antonio, Texas. Liddle, J. L., et Influencing Population Health New South Wales Public al. Performance: Feedback from Managers, Health Bulletin 19.7-8 (2008): Population Health Staff and Clinicians on 117-20. Print. the Nsw Population Health Standards for Area Health Services. Horney, Jennifer Regional Public Health Preparedness American journal of disaster A., et al. Teams in North Carolina: An Analysis of medicine 6.2 (2011): 107-17. Their Structural Capacity and Impact on Print. Services Provided. Lumpkin, J. R., The Importance of Establishing a National Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: et al. Health Security Preparedness Index. Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science 11.1 (2013): 81- 87. Print.

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