October 8, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34497 By Mr. MATHIS of Georgia (for him­ 548. By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the By Mr. STOKES: self, Mr. BEARD, Mr. BRINKLEY, Mrs. Legislature of the Territory of Guam, rela­ H.R. 17175. A bill for the relief of Slobo­ COLLINS of Dlinois, Mr. DAVIS of tive to the status of the judicial branch of danka Petrovic; to the Committe on the Georgia, Mr. FLOWERS, Mr. FLYNT, the Guam Government; to the Committee Judiciary. Mr. GINN, Mr. LOTT, Mr. MEEDS, Mr. on Interior and Insular Affairs. MILFORD, Mr. PREYER, Mr. RUNNELS, 549. Also, memorial of the Legislature of Ms. SCHROEDER, Mr. STUCKEY, Mr. the State of California, requesting Con­ WAGGONNER, and Mr. WHITEHURST): gress to propose an amendment to the Con­ PETITIONS, ETC. H. Res. 1417. Resolution expressing the stitution of the United States requiring the sense of the House that efforts of the De­ balancing of the Federal budget; to the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions partment of Health, Education, and Welfare Committee on the Judiciary. and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk to promote the desegregation of pub11c and referred as follows: schools should be applied with the same in­ tensity, standards, and sanctions in every PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS 532, By the SPEAKER: Petition of Louis K. region of the United States; to the Commit­ Lefkowitz, attorney general of the State of tee on Education and Labor. Under clause 1 of rule xxn, private New York, relative to the petroleum indus­ By Mr. STAGGERS (for himself, Mr. bills and resolutions were introduced and . try; to the Committee on Interstate and O'NEILL, Mr. DINGELL, and Mr. Mc­ severally referred as follows: Foreign Commerce. FALL): By Mr. GUBSER: 533. Also petition of Donald Matlock, H. Res. 1418. Resolution expressing the H.R. 17172. A bill for the relief of Seferino sense of the House concerning energy; to Moorestown, N.J., relative to an amendment Isaac Garcia; to the Committee on the Ju­ to the Constitution of the United States the Committee on Interstate and Foreign diciary. Commerce. By Mr. NEDZI: concerning the election of the President and H.R. 17173. A blll for the rellef of Mrs. Vice President; to the Committee on the Helen Wolski; to the Committee on the Judiciary. MEMORIALS Judiciary. 534. Also, petition of the city councn, By Mr. PIKE: Youngstown, Ohio, relative to general reve­ Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memorials H.R. 17174. A b1ll for the relief of Christine nue sharing; to the Committee on Ways and were presented and referred as follows: Donnelly; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Means.

EXTE.NSIONS OF REMARKS

LATE ALLEN J. ELLENDER-BENE­ my workshop leader. The idea of the program lightening experience. Thank you all so very FACTOR OF CLOSE UP itself is terrific and I am happy that other much. youths are able to find out more about their Sincerely, government in this fashion. L. PAUL MORRIS, Jr. HON. RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER I thoroughly enjoyed my week with my OF PENNSYLVANIA group from Delaware County, Pennsylvania PHILADELPHIA, PA., and Penncrest High Schoool. I was surprised April 2, 1974. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES myself that I was able to raise over three Mrs. MARGERY KRAus, Tuesday, October 8, 1974 hundred dollars for the Close Up trip in Program Director, Close-Up, Washington, seven days through a special fund raising D.C. Mr. SCHWEIKER. Mr. President, Sep­ idea developed by my faculty sponsor, Mr. DEAR Mas. KRAus: Although I assume you tember 24 marked the anniversary of the Robert Lillie. Based on a stock-shareholder mean the enclosed evaluation form to be birth of the late President pro tempore plan, sponsors helping us were invited to anonymous, I'm identifying myself because of the u.s. Senate, Allen J. Ellender of attend a dinner when we returned from I'd like to make a few additional comments. Louisiana. Washington. We had that dinner last week I'm Mildred ColUer, wife of Bob comer of Senator Ellender was a valued and and it was a great success. We, the Penncrest Sun Valley High School, and since I was the dedicated supporter of Close Up, a non­ group, supplled the dinner with our mothers' only non-teacher in the Delaware County help. The extra monies I acquired were used group, have a somewhat different perspec­ partisan, nonprofit forum which pro­ to help others at my school attend. tive than the teacher participants. vides an opportunity for students, I learned a great deal from March 17th to I myself wanted to take part in Close-Up teachers, and government officials alike March 24th. I most enjoyed the surprise not merely for the sake of accompanying to share perspectives on "living govern­ meeting of Mr. Jack Anderson, who was so my husband, but because I perceived it as ment." As a tribute to Senator Ellender, gracious as to talk to a group of Close Up a unique opportunity to learn more and Congress created a limited number of students for over an hour Wednesday night. to become better-informed. My own expecta­ I was also surprised at how much I was tions were certainly fulfilled by the Close­ Allen J. Ellender fellowships for par­ able to apply from what I had learned with Up program. ticipation in the Close Up program by Close Up. I am writing a report on my ex­ It's an obvious fact, of course, that much students of limited economic means and periences with Close Up for my friends and of government is conducted behind the by their teachers from participating relatives who have asked to know more about scenes in ways not discernible to the casual communities. Close Up and my experiences. In many dis­ observer, but I believe one good fallout of Mr. President, as a member of the Sen­ cussions at school and around my community, Watergate to be a healthy skepticism, an ate Subcommittee on Education, I have I have been able to share my experiences and unwillingness to accept oftlcial government been pleased to meet with students from add constructively to the conversations. pronouncements and/or pollcy, unquestion­ Also my Social Studies teacher and faculty ingly, on face value. Here I think one of the Close Up program in Delaware ad.ViSOil" for Close Up, is forming a Polltical the advantages of Close-Up was the first­ County, Pa., the first nonmetropolitan Science class in hopes that the Close Up hand opportunity, which the kids took full community sponsored by Close Up. I ask students will take the course as a follow up advantage of, to ask hard questions of many unanimous consent that four letters de­ class and introduce other students to the of the speakers. scribing the Delaware County group's political scene and Close Up. My own reaction to the criticism voiced visit to Washington be printed in the I have been selected as a Foreign Exchange by teachers at the March 22 meeting was REcORD at the conclusion of my remarks. Student by Rotary International for the that some seemed to anticipate perhaps too 1974-1975 year. I will stay in Ponte Nova, much of a one-week program, almost as 1! There being no objection, the letters Brazil. I have a host sister attending Boston the students were expected to come up were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, College who informed me last week that her with instant solutions to the staggering as follows: mother wrote her saying that I would be problems facing the country. I would ven­ GLEN MILLS, PA., their American son starting in early July. ture the opinion that Close-Up wm moti­ May 5,1974. My Rotary Club that is sponsoring me for vate many students who participated to Ms. MARGY KRAus, my trip helped me to attend Close Up. I w111 become involved 1n, and more aware of, Close Up Program Director, give a presentation to them May 28th similar politics at every level, but as with all educa­ Washington, D.C. to the one we gave to our stockholders. I tion, the results may not be apparent for DEAR Ms. KRAus, I would like to thank the am hoping that I will be able to come back sometime. founders of Close Up for making my week in to Close Up when I return in 1975. One final comment--! belleve the oppor­ Washington with Close Up possible. I would I sinCP,rely hope that Close Up's Directors tunity for these kids to spend a week in an also like to extend my gratitude to you, will invite Delaware County, Pennsylvania urban environment such as Washington, Margy, Mike Scott, and Beverly Holmes, back next year to participate in this en- and to experience the Interchange with 34498 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 19 7 J, other cultural, racial and age groups, to be my proposal to bring Close Up to Delaware in August after receiving protests that ap­ a. highly educational experience in itself. County and for the tremendous week that peared to center on the abortion issue, a Delaware County is an unusual area, con­ we had learning about our democracy. From Washington-based omcial of the university's taining some extremely provincial commu­ our initial discussion you were aware of the alumni association said last night. nities. Although I would guess that the bulk risk since we are a small county with only Named for the university's founder, the of the students in the group live no more twenty-nine public, private, and parochial banquet honors distinguished alumni, and than 20 to 25 miles from Philadelphia, there schools but you stm came. This decision is held annually in various cities through­ were some who have never been there, not to come reflects the purpose of Close Up out the nation under joint sponsorship of even to see such hallowed American spots which is to go wherever there is a commu­ the local alumni club and the university's as Independence Hall or the Liberty Bell­ nity which wants its students and teachers national alumni association. a result, in many instances, of the pathology to participate in a truly great learning ex­ Abortion proved a major issue during of fear surrounding the "city." Possibly this perience. Symington's successful campaign last sum­ experience, while not minimizing urban Words cannot express the iinmense hap­ mer for renomination to the house seat he problems, made some more aware of the piness which I saw on the faces of the has held since 1969. cultural and educational possibilities in­ students and teachers. Despite the demand­ Both Symington and his opponent, John P. herent in urban life. ing but worthwhile and exciting schedule, the Doyle, professed a personal abhorrence of Please be assured that the above com­ majority of students and teachers wanted an­ abortion, but Symington spoke frequently ments are my own. I enjoyed Close-Up im­ other week (at the minimum) to learn more about the complex legal issues involved and mensely, I believe the students did, and about their government and to exchange during the campaign last summer said, "I I'm certainly going to make every effort ideas with the speakers, the Close Up staff, believe abortion ought to be confined to to get letters off to the Congressmen who and other students. Since our return, I have cases of rape and incest and danger to the influence your appropriations. I think your health and well-being of the mother." He learned that students have already met to came under strong attack from anti-abortion program is fine and deserving of every pos­ plan an agenda for their involvement in sible support. groups. local government. In cancelling the invitation to Symington, Sincerely, During this week, I saw students and MILDRED COLLIER. the local alumni club acted independently teachers with difierent interests, opinions, of both the university and the national and aptitudes come in contact with one an­ NEWTOWN SQUARE, PA., alumni association, said Joseph K. Dowley, other and, to the best of my knowledge, director of programs for the national group. May 20,1973. really get along. Indicative of the cohesive­ CLOSE-UP "The way they felt was if they had pick­ ness of the students is that they are planning eters, or any unpleasantness outside, it would Washington, D.C. a picnic. DEAR CLOSE-UP: I have discovered your detract from the whole program," he said. questionnaire is not among the possessions I would also like to express my sincere "Although other people in other capaci· I arrived home with, so I am hoping this appreciation to your fine staff for their re­ ties might have decided a difierent way, we letter will cover the points. sponsiveness and interest on behalf of the weren't out there and don't know the dif­ You have taken a great concept and made students and teachers. Watching your very ficulties that faced them ..." he added. it a working reality-you are to be con­ capable program director, Margery Kraus, Dowley said that the invitation was with­ gratulated. In this the teachers of Delaware with her enthusiasm and energy despite her drawn not to stop free discourse, but to County agree. Any criticism that you heard pregnancy of seven months really gave me prevent any incident from detracting from was not aimed at the fundamental struc­ a personal lift because I sometimes felt tired. the dinner's purpose-to honor five distin­ ture-that was accepted one hundred per­ Let me conclude by again expressing my guished alumni. cent. It was merely trivial complaints or de­ sincere appreciation. Close Up 1s a great He described the university itself as hav­ tails of personal disagreements. and needed program designed to give young ing a quite liberal speaker's policy, under Perhaps I can best express my feelings people and teachers a learning experience which students have heard from "everybody about the program by saying that when which they wlll never forget.-Certainly 1 from Abby Hoffman to you name it." Gloria and Heidi and Mary Beth and Shirley won't. About 300 to 350 persons are expected to and I stand up in our Assembly Tuesday Continued success. attend the banquet. Symington has been re­ morning to tell about CLOSE-UP, we will do Sincerely yours, placed as the main speaker by the Rev. it with pride. We are proud of what we GREGORY STOLIS. Edward O'Donnell, editor of a Catholic news• learned of the group we were associated with. paper in St. Louis. I believe that is the highest compliment I In response to the cancellation of the in­ can pay to any person or group. vitation Symington, who could not be reach­ I assume your questionnaire asked about ed last night, reportedly expressed concern what was most/least valuable, etc. To me as a SYMINGTON TALK INVITATION over the abll1ty of pickets to prevent a con­ teacher the experience of being with other WITHDRAWN gressman from speaking and college alumni Social Studies teachers in a stimulating, from listening. human environment was a unique oppor­ He was said to have suggested that a uni­ versity and its alumni should be "among the tunity which I made the most of-I have a 1 grasp of their philosophies, problems, solu­ HON. JAMES W. SYMINGTON last to succumb to such tyranny.' tions, that I could not have obtained else­ OF MISSOURI Georgetown is a Jesuit-sponsored institu­ tion with about 50,000 alumni. Symington, an where. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Personally I learned little from the semi­ Episcopalian and a resident of the st. Louis nars that was new-but that was surely not Tuesday, October 8, 1974 area, is a graduate of Yale College and co­ the case for all faculty members. To me, Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. Speaker, yes­ lumbia University Law School. standing in the Watergate hearing room was terday's article in the Washington Post the experience of a lifetime and I would never have been there without CLOSE-UP. concerning the cancellation of my ap­ [From the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, So do not assume that all faculty which do pearance as the speaker at the annual Sept.5,1974] not appear at all seminars are "free-load­ dinner of the Georgetown University PRo LIFE, ANTI IDEAs: ANTI-ABORTIONISTS ing"-they are perhaps finding their own Alwnni Association in St. Louis has DoN'T WANT To LET CoNGRESSMAN SPEAK ways of experiencing the politics of Wash­ prompted many colleagues to inquire (Representative James W. Symington ington and are very appreciative of the op­ into the circumstances. Accordingly I (Dem.), Ladue, has released the following ex­ portunity to do so. am placing in the RECORD here below change of correspondence: ) Having carefully considered and discussed both the article itself, and the relevant JUNE 27, 1974. your format, I conclude that I could not im­ correspondence as it appeared in the st. DEAR MR. SYMINGTON: On Saturday even­ prove upon it (which is an unusual state­ ing, Oct. 19, 1974, the Georgetown University ment for me to make.) Louis Post Dispatch following the Alumnae Association will hold its annual On a more personal level-it was great cancellation: John Carroll Awards Banquet at the Stouffer talking-Ronnie-Dixie-John. The fac111- [From the Washington Post, October 7, 1974] Riverfront Inn in St. Louis. This affair, which ties of the 360-acre Charles Ellis School and SYMINGTON TALK INVITATION WITHDRAWN is the highlight of our annual three-day my services are available any time. In friendship, (By Martin Well) meeting, wlll be attended by approximately MARTHA B. BARRETT. An invitation for Rep. James w. Syming­ 175 persons from throughout the United ton ( (D-Mo.) to speak at a dinner of George­ States and by 250 persons from the St. Louis DELAWARE COUNTY BOARD OF town University alumni was withdrawn after area. This 1s an invitation to ask that you ASSISTANCE, objections from antiabortion groups. address us as our principal speaker. Chester, Pa., June 4,1973. Symington had been invited by repre­ I realize that that evening is just 17 days Mr. STEPEN A. JANGER, sentatives of the university's St. Louts before the election and that your time will be Director of Special Pro!}f'ams, Close Up, Wash­ alumni club to speak at the 23d annual John at a premium; however, I ask that you fav­ ington, D.C. Carroll awards banquet, to be held in St. orably consider our invitation because of the DEAR STEVE, I want to express to you my Louis on Oct. 19. local and national nature of our assemblage. sincere appreciation for being responsive to The St. Louis club withdrew the invitation J. VERNON MCCARTHY. October 8, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF R£MARKS 34499 JULY 24, 1974. for strong gun laws, expanded welfare pro­ c1es, three bewildered children, an anxiety DEAR VERNON: Confirming your telephone grams, equal racial opportunity and amnes­ ridden wife, and a. god damned good man conversation with Chuck Houghton, I am de­ ty, while opposing war, capital punishment whose world-the American dream-is col­ lighted to accept your kind invitation to and any foreign policy which is not strongly lapsing around his head. What can he do? speak at the John Carroll Awards Banquet on biased against nations which permit what Ford talks about money for that all-but­ Oct.19. they deplore. convicted criminal in San Clemente, and Look forward to seeing you then. If, on the other hand you mean not benefi­ worries about his financial well being. The JAMES W. SYMINGTON. cial to my political career, of what impor­ Senate Rules Committee goes through its tance 1s that? An elected oftl.cial either repre­ obscene charade with Rockefeller. Ford and sents the views of a majority on a suftl.cient Kissinger war game OPEC in public, etc., ad AUGUST 20, 1974. number of issues or he faces the likelihood nauseum. I can think of no American insti­ DEAR JIM: This correspondence is awful of returning to private life. That 1s democ­ tution that escapes the taint of 1llegitimacy tough to write! To be blunt, the committee racy. Someone will take my place one way (in social contract terms) or corruption. in charge of our Saturday night banquet has or the other eventually. But what wm take There are only a. few, all too few good men, asked that we respectfully withdraw our in­ the place of Georgetown University, of free and I st111 count you among them. But, what vitation which you so graciously accepted. It debate, of the legacy we celebrate not just can you do? seems that they have been beseiged by the every 100 years but every day? It is some­ One can argue that my friends were the Pro-Life people even to the point of poten­ thing to think about, Vernon. victims of a bureaucratic mistake. There is tial picketing. Such an occurrence certainly JAMES W. SYMINGTON. truth in that, but I have been around bu­ would not be beneficial to you nor would the reaucracies long enough and have read Georgetown University Alumnae Association Mr. Speaker, as a footnote to the fore­ enough about them to know that the tone wish to provide a forum for such discussion going, I would call the attention of my 1s set by those in leadership positions. Our at our dinner. colleagues to the fact that the person leadership is disdainful of the powerless, I regret these circumstances, I apprecia.te selected to replace me on the program and so are the bureaucrats, public and pri­ your consideration and I know that you un­ vate, because the dominant ethos of our derstand our predicament. is the editor of the Archdiocese news­ society is set by the wealthy and powerful. J. VERNON MCCARTHY. paper, the St. Louis Review. The Review What can any one of us do? has served notice that no political adver­ Alfred North Whitehead wrote this about AUGUST 30, 1974. tising will be accepted from candidates tragedy: "The essence of dramatic tragedy DEAR VERNON: I have your letter Of Aug. 20, whose positions on the delicate question is not unhappiness. It resides in the remorse­ and I think I do understand the reasons for of abortion are unsatisfactory to the less working of things. This inevitableness the withdrawal of the invitation. In any paper. of destiny can only be 1llustra.ted in terms event I accept them, and will shelve the of human life by incidents which involve speech of Great Importance I was preparing. unhappiness. For it 1s only by them that However, I also think it would be a dis­ THE DESTRUCTION OF INFLATION the futility of escape can be made evident service to the community and the George­ in the drama." However, Jacques Monod re­ town alumni to pretend the invitation had minds us that "destiny is written concur­ never been extended. And judging from the HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON rently with the event, not prior to it." threats the committee has received it would OF MASSACHUSETTS be a little late to do so. It is a matter of public record; we cannot shrink from 1t. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES That has happened to me before, and has Tuesday, October 8, 1974 LETTER FROM A CONSTITUENT happened to many of my colleagues. But what is happening to us is of far less Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I importance than what is happening to you, recently received a letter on the effect HON. ALBERT H. QUIE to our country, that is, and to orderly com­ of the economic slump on one family munication between our citizens. from a constituent of mine which I OF MINNESOTA I must assume it is not merely picketing found not only informative but profound IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES you fear. Lawful picketing is a right guaran­ in posing a fundamental problem that Tuesday, October 8, 1974 teed by the First Amendment. Nor would the to dinner be the forum for it, but the street. we as public officials have face. Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, one of my Yet if a picket or a thousand pickets can I would like to include it in the RECORD constituents, Mr. Dwight Gustafson, has intimidate one congressman from speaking at this time for the information of my written me discussing a number of prob­ and 400 distinguished alumni from listening, colleagues. lems. He shows a great deal of Mid­ then what guarantee is there that a private The text follows: western commonsense: citizen's views can recelve an adequate DEAR MICHAEL HARRINGTON; The utter hearing when he chooses to express them? contempt that our government has for its RED WING SERVICE Co., INC., Remember, Georgetown 1s not a. sanctuary own people appalls me. Our system 1s not Red Wing, Minn., October 1, 1974. from ideas. It is a university. My niece is a worth saving from the Arabs or the Com­ Mr. ALBERT H. QUIE, law student there. One of our great universi­ munists, be they Chinese, Albanian, or Rus­ U.S. House oj Representatives, ties, it is located in the heart of the capital sian. I have just heard a story about a Washington, D.C. of the nation. family in Andover that outrages me, and DEAR AL: I have just read John Sa.wh1ll's A university and those it has taught should I am ashamed of the United States. comments that steps must be taken to be among the last to succumb to such tyran­ This family of five, friends of mine and "Break the automobile's monopoly on the ny. How great, Vernon, is the historic dis­ of Jane's, have been in financial straits since American transportation system". He seems tance between the canceling of a speech and the recession of the '69-70 period, and, al­ to want large systems of public transporta­ the burning of a book? though the husband, a well trained profes­ tion. These will be financed with the higher Remember, too, while the university sional, has been employed in recent months, gasoline taxes paid by the people who are not alumni can undoubtedly recover from my they were never able to make up the losses able to take advantage of all this fine public absence, they would by the same reasoning they had suffered because his new job was transportation. Has John Sawhill ever been have to withhold their hospitality from Mrs. out of his field and his income was substan­ out of Washington, DC? Does he know that Gerald Ford, Gov. Rockefeller, justices of tially lowered. Now he is unemployed, deeply there are places in this country where we the Supreme Court, and the majority of in debt, spending 12-14 hours each day every have a. population density of less than 10 members of the Senate and House of Repre­ day looking for work, and they are living people per square mile? What kind of public sentatives whose views on this perplexing on $100 per week that he gets from the transportation will help us? I think Sa.wh111 question may well be even more objection­ town of Andover and the State of Massach­ is another one of President Nixon's mistakes. able to certain groups than mine. Not that usetts because of his World War II service. His economics do little to help curb infla­ they any more than I would use such an Obviously $400 per month won't permit tion. I am sure that if the oil companies said occasion to express them. him to support his family and spend money they were going to raise the price of gasoline So do you set a precedent. And the threat­ travelling (and ca.ll1ng) all over Eastern $.10 per gallon, the hue and cry from Wash­ makers, seeing it, wm take heart and be Massachusetts in search of work. They ap­ ington would be deafening. The net result to emboldened to interrupt any public dis­ plied recently for food stamps, and were told me on a. 10 cent tax increase would be ex­ course they please, whether it is relevant to yesterday that they were not eligible because actly the same. their immediate interest or not. they had, I believe, $210 in their checking I cannot send my service men to schools, One last thought. You speak of picketing account. Two-hundred and ten dollars I My hospitals, factories, and government by bus as not being "beneficial" to me. Well, how god! Two-hundred and ten dollars that had or train, carrying a. load of tools. We are not detrimental is it? It informs me and the just been given the family by the V.A. Not yet able to fix their equipment by telephone. observing public of the views of some of our one dime in a savings account I Not one And if that wa-e possible, Ma. Bell would fellow citizens. One may d11fer with, without share of stock! Not one crummy govern­ monopolize the business. We use 8 vehicles condemning, a movement which reveres all ment bond! Nothing, but an overdue mort­ in our business. We have a mechanic on our life and which logic must presume to stand gage, bllls in the hands of collection agen- payroll whose main job is to keep those cars 34500 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1974 and trucks tuned up and running most em­ pleted a masters degree in public admin­ country. The long and often bitter strug­ ciently. We average 50,000 to 60,000 miles per istration from George Washington Uni­ gle for enough money to live decently year on each of our units. We use about 2600 versity this past summer. Ms. Cousins and the sharp inter-union competition gallons of gasoline a month, a 10 cent raise began her planning career in the exemplify the independence and free or tax will add about $3,100.00 per year to our operating cost. We will have to raise our Orange County, Calif., planning depart­ thought which have served our country prices to make this up. How can this help the ment in 1966, where she received a reso­ well. inflation problem? lution of commendation by the Orange The burial of "Mother" Jones, heroine Next week I must take a. service and sales County board of supervisors for out­ of the union movement, drew forth these trip thru the Dakotas, Montana, Wyoming, standing work in preserving historical characteristics. She was a strong be­ Utah, Colorado, Nebraska., Kansas, Iowa, and landmarks. She was a regional planner liever in individualism, doubtful of the back home to Minnesota. I will have to cover for 1 year for the Southern California good of large, dictatorial organizations about 5000 miles on this trip. I would like Association of Governments before mov­ of any kind. When she died at the age to take Mr. Sawhill along with me so that he can see some of the transportation problems ing to Washington, D.C., in 1971. Since of 100, her funeral train carried her body other than those of the big cities. I would then, she has been an urban planner for from Washington along much the same like to have him travel along a 55 miles per the Environmental Protection Agency path as the one which carried the body hou.r thru prairie land where at times you and the Department of Transportation. of Abraham Lincoln to Springfield. do not see another vehicle for 25 miles, un­ She is presently an environmental plan­ Miners from across the State thronged less you go faster, then you immedi!lltely see ner at the Highway Users Federation for to Mt. Olive for the burial. another vehicle. He should see some of the Safety and Mobility in Washington, D.C., It is the spirit of "Mather" Jones, of land where much of the food is raised for where she directs a project to encourage the miners of Mt. Olive, and of good this country. I would even show him a few oil cities and counties to make transporta­ wells. people everywhere that keeps America Is anyone in Washington speaking up for tion facilities more compatible with sur­ alive and on the path of freedom. the problems of our part of the country? I rounding land use and the environment. It is memories of the past, such as the don't mean for just the cities. Rural America In a short period of time, Ms. Cousins Union Miners' Cemetery in Mt. Olive, ill., still makes a. rather significant contribution has gained the respect and admiration of at peace with nature and out of reach to the well being of this nation. If it is the her professional colleagues, as demon­ of the economy, which remind us of intention to force urban Americans to use strated by her election to the board of America's uniqueness, and of union la­ public transportation, lets do it in a way that governors. I am sure all of Ms. Cousins' bor's great history. does not penalize rural America. Close all friends both here in Washington and in parking areas. Don't permit parking on the streets. Limit the time allowed for parking california join me in extending our sin~ to a point where it cannot be used by peo­ cere congratulations to her. We wish ple driving to work. Let the people who will her well in her new position and in all OTHER SOVIET WOULD-BE use this public trnnsportation pay for it. her future endeavors. EMIGRANTS Someone should tell all the members of Congress that Mr. Nixon is no longer presi­ dent, he has been pardoned, I believe the HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI law permits the president to do that, now MINERS' CEMETERY OF ILLINOIS they can forget Nixon and go back to work. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Or is that the thought that shakes them up Tuesday, October 8, 1974 and they would rather keep on beating Mr. HON. PAUL FINDLEY Nixon. Why Mr. Ford has to explain his ac­ OF ILLINOIS Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, it is tion is beyond me. I must be getting old and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES generally anticipated that some formula stupid. The Democrats have a majority in Tuesday, October 8, 1974 will be developed by which the trade bill both houses of Congress. So many of them can be passed by this Congress after we seem to know the way to cure the inflation Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, this Sat­ return on November 12, with workable problem, why don't they get on with it? They urday, October 12, marks the 76 anniver­ language covering the issue of the rights are all too damn busy electioneering, or sary of a unique and historic piece of beating Mr. Nixon. of Soviet Jews to leave the Soviet Union hallowed ground in Mt. Olive, Til. There, and emigrate to Israel. Sincerely, amidst the gently rolling fields and DWIGHT E. GusTAFSON, Sr. An editorial in the Friday, September prairieland of the Midwest, lies a few 20, Christian Science Monitor discusses acres of tradition-the only cemetery the subject of Soviet would-be emigrants owned by a labor union in the country. which I believe must be more accurately KATHRYN COUSINS ELECTED TO To that plot of land in 1879 the bodies analyzed. AIP BOARD OF GOVERNORS of four men killed in a strike at a Virden, Mr. Speaker, we must recognize the m., coal mine were brought. They have historic and totally legitimate desire of HON. RICHARD T. HANNA been joined over the years by other the Soviet Jews to migrate to Israel. heroes of the labor movement, the tragic However, the situation of the other non­ OF CALIFORNIA victims of mine accidents, and the re­ Russian peoples in the U.S.S.R. is almost IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES mains of those killed in vicious infight­ completely reversed. For example, Lith­ Tuesday, October 8, 1974 ing among the miners themselves. uanians, Estonians, and Latvians want The cemetery is steeped in history, Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, it is my not only of Illinois, but of labor's strug­ nothing more than to have the Russians great pleasure today to pay tribute to the gle everywhere. The fight for a fair break, leave their countries so that they can success of a young woman I have known the battle for decent working conditions once again enjoy the right of self-de­ for a number of years, both as a constitu­ and a livable wage. The elaborate gran­ termination. ent and as a friend. Ms. Kathryn ite monuments and simple headstones I insert the editorial into the RECORD Cousins, a native of southern California, tell of a way of life, and a time, which, at this point: has been elected a member of the board while gone, will always be a part of us. OTHER SOVIET WOULD-BE EMIGRANTS of governors of the American Institute The Union Miners Cemetery was built Not only many Jews want to leave the so~ viet Union. Other nationalities, too-Lith­ of Planners, a 10,000-member national by the men, women, and children of Mt. uanians, Armenians, Ukra1n1ans-are repre­ professional society of urban and re­ Olive, Til., because they were not allowed sented among those Soviet citizens trying gional planners in the United States. The to honor their dead strikers in the city hard to make their way to the West. AIP has only nine governors, which are cemetery. To the original graves have Unfortunately, they command little world been added those of "General"Alexander attention. They do not enjoy the support of elected by a vote of the full membership. Bradley, the dynamic organizer of the powerful Western organizations. like the Ms. Cousins w1ll take office for her 3- first great strike of 1897, and "Mother" Zionists, which can agitate on their behalf. year term on October 28 during the an­ Mary Harris Jones. The coal mining They do not have much political clout in nual conference of the institute in parliaments abroad. But they bravely persist. families of Mt. Olive own the rest, and The ethnic Germans are a case in point. Denver. go there to join their fellow miners when Ms. Cousins received her A.B. in po­ Since Moscow's rapprochment with Bonn the call comes. many hundreds are now permitted to eml~ litical science and public administration The cemetery's history contains much grate each month. But not as many as would from UCLA 1n 1966, cum laude. She com- that exemplifies the uniqueness of our llke. Some 3,500 heads of families, represent- October 8, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF ~EMARK.S 34501 lng about 15,000 ethnic Germans in Central skill, a swordsman of savage intensity, PuBLIC 0PIN10N POLL Asia, have appealed to Chancellor Helmut and a leader with the knowledge, intui­ 1. Should the Congress reimpose the death Schmidt to help them to West Germany. And tion, and daring sufficient to the peeds penalty for the most severe crimes? protests by ethnic Germans from Estonia of the moment. Yes, 81%; no, 16%; undecided, 3%. have grown in recent months. 2. Do you favor a constitutional amend­ There are roughly 1.8 million ethnic Ger­ At Valley Forge Pulaski organized the ment outlawing abortion? mans in the Soviet Union, most of them liv­ cavalry force that was to become known Yes, 42%; no, 50%; undecided, 8%. ing in Siberia or central Asia where they as Pulaski's Legion. Stationed at Balti­ 3. What do you think 1s the best way to were deported during World War II. How more for a time, Pulaski grew impatient control lnilation? many would leave if the doors were flung for battle and asked for a transfer to the In percent wide open is hard to estimate. But it is to be scene of war. The request was granted a. Impose across the board wage/price hoped the West does not forget these and and the Legion moved north, engaging other Soviet minorities as it urges the Krem­ contro~ ------19 lin to conform to civilized international the enemy in frequent battles, through­ b. Place controls on certain economic standards of free emigration. out New Jersey. When once again a lull areas------12 developed, Pulaski asked again for trans­ c. Reduce federal spending______85 fer, and was dispatched quickly to the d. Increase federal taxes______5 South, where the British were operating e. Balance the Federal budget______29 A TRIBUTE TO CASIMIR PULASKI effectively out of Savannah. 4. Do you favor the repeal of year round In several sharp encounters in north­ daylight saving time? ern South Carolina Pulaski reinforced Yes, 54%; no, 33%; undecided, 13%. HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI his reputation as a fighter of furious 5. Do you support federal registration and OF NEW JERSEY licensing of all firearms? nature and great courage. And when the Yes, 37%; no, 50%; undecided, 13%. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Americans moved against Savannah 6. Should the United States cut back on Tuesday, October 8, 1974 Pulaski was foremost in the vanguard its mmtary and economic commitments of the attacking columns. around the world? Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, the Urging forward his men, in the midst Yes, 59%; no, 24%; undecided, 17%. occasion today is one of great signifi­ of withering fire, he fell, seriously 7. What do you feel is the most importan~ cance, not to Polish Americans alone but wounded. Removed at once to an Amer­ issue facing the nation: to Americans in general. For on this ican ship in Savannah Harbor, he was In percent day we hail the name Casimir Pulaski­ a. Education ------3 examined by doctors, but his wounds b. Tax Reform______'1 hero of the democratic revolutionary proved fatal. cause in Poland, his native land, and in So it was for this great man, Casimir c.d. CriineHealth ------Care______2a9 America, the land of his adoption. Pulaski, whose dream of freedom was to e. Inflation ------2'1 Unlike the Boston merchant or the benefit millions and millions 1Jf Ameri­ f. Energy Crises------8 farmer in the Piedmont-unlike the cans to come, including a host of im­ g. Welfare ------10 fisherman on the Carolina coast or the migrants from his native land and their h. Impeachment ------4 backwoodsman in western Pennsylvania, 1. Environment ------3 descendants. To men of such caliber we j. National Defense______'1 Casimir Pulaski was not himself a vic­ of this period must pay our respects, in tim of British oppression in the year the knowledge that without their insight, 1776. Indeed, he was at that moment far their fire, their courage, and their de­ removed from oppression of any kind. termination, we in America would have Of noble birth, of wealth, and family dis­ today far fewer sacred freedoms than THE BABY IN RUSSIA tinction, he was free to live in peace we do. And as freedom-loving people we wherever he chose. And yet, in those would find this intolerable. tumultuous times, peaceful complacency Pulaski was indeed a hero in the clas­ HON. LEE H. HAMILTON was not the mark of a man, and Pulaski sic tradition. If he had any shortcomings OF INDIANA was in truth a giant among men. as a soldier, they were not apparent to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Having fought as a cavalry o:ffi.cer any but the most severe critic-for his Tuesday, October 8, 1974 against the Russian domination of Po­ gallant death served to ennoble even his land, and having as a result been driven mistakes in the eyes of posterity. Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, too into exile, Pulaski ventured to France often, Americans hear only of a few where he was advised of the impending aspects of Soviet life: Emigration poli­ American Revolution. Fired by the spirit cies, persecution of minorities, bad har­ motivating the American cause, and per­ CONGRESSMAN MILLER AN- vests, and the status of East-West trade. ceiving therein principles identical to NOUNCES RESULTS OF SOUTH­ The exotic headlines tell little of dally his own, Pulaski offered his services to EASTERN OHIO PUBLIC OPINION life in Russia, its struggles and rewards. the Americans, who accepted them with POLL The Washington Post recently carried gratitude. a series of articles describing the every­ By the summer of 1777 Pulaski was in day life of Muscovites. The first article America, ready for battle, and in Sep­ HON. CLARENCE E. MILLER depicts events surrounding the birth of tember of that year took his place in the a baby. I recommend it to my colleagues: American line, as a volunteer at Brandy­ OF OHIO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THE BABY IN RUSSIA: TRADITION REIGNS wine, where his conduct earned his in­ (By Robert G. Kaiser) stant recognition as an outstanding mili­ Tuesday, October 8, 1974 Moscow.-A Moscow street scene, a young tary leader. Mr.. MILLER. Mr. Speaker, I am man wlth a worried look standing on the In the battle of Germantown he was pleased to share with my colleagues in sidewalk gesticulates toward a nearby build· again prominent, and with all due haste the Congress the results of our recent ing. From a second story window a young he was appointed to a cavalry command. public opinion poll of the residents of woman in a bathrobe, smiling reassuringly, At Trenton, in the winter of 1777, southeastern Ohio. To date, we have re­ waves at hiin. The Soviet Union's popula­ Pulaski's cavalry fought brilliantly, and ceived over 19,000 responses to our dis­ tion has just grown by one. when the Colonial Army began its des­ Husbands aren't allowed to visit the ma· trict-wide questionnaire. ternity hospitals where Soviet babies are perate foraging campaign of that dread­ The survey reveals that the people I born. In keeping with a national phobia ful winter, once again Pulaski played a represent believe inflation and crime are. about gerxns and babies, even the mother 1s major role. the two most important issues facing the separated from her new chUd for the first It was noted by everyone concerned country and that a balanced budget and 24 hours of its life, and sometimes longer. that Pulaski was a fiery spirit and a reduced spending are the best ways to She will spend about 10 days in the hos­ master organizer. Working well with control inflation. pital and will see her husband only from a fellow officers, he urged along the Revo­ second-story window until she and the baby Questionnaires such as this serve as are sent home. lutionary cause, bolstering the cavalry a most effective means for people to com­ Motherhood is governed strictly by rules morale and ever confident of victory. municate their views and concerns on and regulations, both formal and inherited. Primarily, however, he was a demon in major national issues. At a lecture for expectant mothers, the doc­ battle; a horseman of consummate The questionnaire results follow: tor (like most, a woman) warned her 34502 EXTENSIONS OF R£MARKS October 8, 1974 audience: "Stay calm and take long walks sheets until she screamed loudly enough to It is difficult to quarrel with many of every day. Don't eat too many sweets or have them changed. Babushka's notions. Her basic principle is your skin will itch. Wear only wool or cot­ Once the new baby is home, little is left love and affection, praise and appreciation ton clothes, baby doesn't like it when you to chance. There are strict rules and tradi­ to the highest possible degree. But this is wear synthetics. Come to the polyclinic regu­ tions to be followed; they hardly change coupled with a complete deprivation of in­ larly for your ultraviolet rays (a source of from generation to generation. The baby dependence from the earliest stages, which Vitamin D)." must be wrapped up like a. sprained ankle, child psychologists in the West would find Many in this audience are girls of 18 and head to toe, often with a piece of wood as a confining. 19, the age of brides in more than half of brace, to make sure the baby's neck can't Babushkas are so sure of their basic stand­ Moscow weddings. It is still common :tor a move. The baby must sleep on its back, ards that most of them unhesitatingly tell newly married woman to use her first preg­ wrapped in blankets. young parents on the street, even total nancy as the occasion to become a. mother, Breast feeding is mandatory. If a mother strangers, when they are making a mistake. That is not as absurd a.s it sounds. As a does not have enough milk, she can buy An American father took his 15-month-old rule, birth control is not practiced in the human donor's milk at special stores. The daughter for a walk in Moscow recently. The SOviet Union. Abortion is the most widely Russians have never heard of baby formula. daughter was dressed in rain gear from rub­ used means of preventing unwanted chil­ When told of it they tend to shudder, and to ber boots and pants to sou'wester, and was dren. In big cities, 80 per cent of all preg­ doubt its efficacy. running merrily through a puddle, back and nancies are aborted. forth. The young women a.t the lecture are shy WHEN A BABY COMES HOME, RUSSIAN An elderly lady walking by came up short. and ask no substantive questions. They FAMILY LIFE CHANGES "Papa," she said in a stern voice. "How listen to an explanation of what is going on The baby can be bathed only in boiled dare you? How can you allow it? Her mama inside them, and to advice about how to cope water, and only when submerged up to its would never allow it ..." with labor and delivery. neck, to avoid chills. The recommended Babushkas routinely look into other peo­ Breathe deeply, the doctor advises, oxygen treatment for diaper rash is corn oil. Petro­ ples' baby carriages to check on the protec­ is the best antidote to pain. leum jelly isn't available. The lecturer a.t the tion against Russia's unpredictable weather, She shows them how to rub their stomachs maternity clinic recommends that diapers be and freely express an opinion 1f one seems during labor. made from old sheets. Rubber pants are not called for. There are no exercises, no elaborate breath­ sold here. Like virtually any aspect of life in the ing patterns like those taught to women in After several months, a typical child shifts Soviet Union, child-bearing is a subject ot the West who want to have their babies with­ from mother's milk to special milk products, interest to the state. And there is official out anesthetic. There is no choice about that sold at special baby kitchens. A thin, mild displeasure about one aspect of giving birth: here, anesthetic is used only in emergencies. yogurt is the most popular. A mother must it happens too seldom. American women are told that the Lamaze be registered on the baby kitchen's list to get Despite all the enthusiasm and affection method of natural childbirth is based on a this specially ster111zed product, and she that Russian parents and grandparents Russian technique, but the Russians have must pick up her supply every few days, or throw into the raising of their first child, never heard of it. the kitchen will take her off the list. it is increasingly likely that the first wm Toward the end of pregnancy a. mother Mothers are advised not to stop nursing an also be the last. is given the telephone number of the ma­ infant in the spring, when fruits, and vege­ In Moscow, families with one child are the ternity home where she is to go when labor tables are beginning to reappear after the most common size. Families with three chil­ begins. long and barren Russian winter. Better to dren are virtually unheard of. The system doesn't always work smoothly. wait untn mid-summer, the theory goes, "Of all my friends and acquaintances, I can One mother called the number she'd been when baby has absorbed the stronger vita­ think of just one with three children," a given, but there was no answer. That mater­ mins and minerals of these fresh foods from Moscow engineer observed recently. "He's an nity home, she learned later, was closed for mother's mUk, and will be better preparPd Orthodox priest." "remont," a. ubiquitous Russian term mean­ for them when independent feeding begins. Rural fam111es are slightly larger, but Rus­ ing repair and refurbishment. Well, independent isn't quite the right sia proper is approaching, and may have Another woman had been treated a.t a word. Russian parents (even, it seems, those reached zero population growth. The major special clinic for those whose babies, doctors who read contrary advice in Dr. Spock, whose cities would now be shrinking, were it not :teared, would be born prematurely. After book has been translated into Russian) for migration from the countryside. eight months of pregnancy she was told not don't believe in letting a baby try to feed it­ The population of the Soviet Union wlll to come any more since her baby wasn't self. The mess is offensive, and the ineffi­ continue to grow, thanks to high birth rates going to be premature. ciency wasteful. So it is not unusual to see a in Central Asia and the Transcaucasus. This She had not yet contacted another clinic mother patiently spooning each mouthful is a source of anxiety to demographers here, when labor began. It was late at night, and into a child of four or five. though the anxiety is expressed in muted she left home with her husband to find a In sum, the arrival of a new baby in a terms, for fear it might sound racist. Rus­ place to have her baby. Russian family changes the entire orienta­ sians are now probably just less than half One maternity home turned her away be­ tion of family life. the total Soviet population, and their share cause there were no empty beds. But first the Energy and resources are withdrawn from o! the total is shrinking. nurse on duty bawled her out for coming to most other pursuits and redirected enthu­ The declining growth is the subject of have a baby without the proper change of siastically at the newcomer. No amount of much commentary in the press and profes­ clothes. fussing over the baby could be considered sional journals, but no one has proposed a Then they went to the hospital for pre­ excessive. practical way to persuade Russian women mature babies, and were turned away because The family budget can be destroyed by ex­ to have more babies. On the contrary, the her baby was not premature, and space could penditures on baby carriages, blankets and officially encouraged Soviet way of life­ not be wasted on normal babies. other paraphernalia. It is fashionable to buy small apartment living, working women, gen­ A third establishment agreed to allow this one's equipment all in pink for a girl, or in erally tight family budgets-seems to be woman to come in and have her baby. blue for a boy. establishing the one-child family as a. norm, (Under the Soviet medical system, a citizen "Russians are an irrational people," one at least for city dwellers. is theoretically entitled to free treatment in Moscow artist observed recently. "We are The state could abolish the right to abor­ every medical institution.) afraid of the unknown. And what could be tion on demand which helps Soviet women It was a boy, healthy and noisy. Every­ more unknown and unknowable than this keep their fam111es small, but there is no thing turned out fine. The British may have little creature who suddenly appears among guarantee that this would have the desired coined the phrase "muddling through," but us? SO we devote ourselves entirely to it, in effect. Stalin made most abortions lllegal in the Russians have mastered the art. hope this wlll somehow satisfy it, or remove 1936, resulting in a short-term rise in the The delivery was uneventful, though loud. the mystery." birth rate, but eventually a decline. When Two or three women may give birth in the Continuity-the guarantee that old tradi­ abortion was legalized again in 1955, the same delivery room at the same time, which tions are sustained is provided by the famous birth rate did not fall. results, according to many witnesses, in a lot Russian "babushka," or grandmother. Not lllegal abortion thrived during those years, of screaming. every young couple has babushka living and women may have taken other measures Russian mothers expect birth to be dif­ nearby, of course, but a large percentage to prevent pregnancy. ficult and painful. They don't seem to look still do. Unofficial abortion-"or the left," in the forward to it. Some of the stories of those Her role is often greater than mama's own, Russian phrase-is still common. Many who have had babies must discourage especially when mama goes back to work women want to avoid the humiliation of an pregnant women. when the baby is between three months and official abortion, accompanied by lectures on One Moscow woman recalls lying in her a year old. (Virtually every woman of child­ the need to bring more children into the own blood on the delivery table for four bearing age living in a town or city holds a world, and marred by the discomfort by So­ hours after her baby was born. The nurses, full-time job. A young mother is not likely viet hospitals. A privately arranged abortion cleaned up all around her, but ignored the to challenge her own mother's views of how at home costs 30 to 50 rubles, or nearly hal! new mother. When finally transferred to a to raise the child, especially 1f the grand­ the monthly salary of an average working proper bed, she was left with her dirty mother actually does most of the raising.) woman. October 8, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF IrnMARKS 34503 Another proposal 1s to improve the eco­ I extend heartfelt sympathy to his landing fees in foreign airports; while nomic benefits to working women to encour­ good wife Thelma and his family. the cost in the United States to foreign age them to have more children. Soviet bene­ carriers is minimal. fits now are less generous than those in some East European countries. A working mother Movements of U.S. Government and gets two months' leave with pay to have a military personnel and cargoes are not baby, and her job is held open for her for STATEMENT IN SUPPORT OF restricted to American concerns. one year. There is no family allowance on the H.R.14266 A13 many Americans know, the prob­ West European model until a fourth child is lems I have just discussed have driven born, and then it is only four rubles a month. one of our Nation's foremost airlines, The state could also expand the network HON. ANTONIO BORJA WON PAT Pan Am, to the brink of bankruptcy. of state-run nurseries and kindergartens, OF GUAM In hundreds of special advertisements which now have space for about one-quarter IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the country's children up to age three, and placed in newspapers across the country, more than two-thirds between four and Tuesday, October 8, 1974 Pan Am employees at their own expense seven. Mr. WON PAT. Mr Speaker, H.R. have done a most effective job of telling The prevailing opinions among experts in 14266, a bill relating to discriminatory us about the problems that have led their Moscow 1s that, ideally, a child should be and unfair competition policies in inter­ company to the sorry economic state it put into a nursery, where it w111 usually now is in. spend an 8- to 12-hour day, at the age of national air transportation, is of great three months. This releases the mothers for concern to the 130,000 American citizens Something must be done to place Pan a quick return to the work force, and brings of Guam, as well as to the 115,000 people Am and other U.S.-flag carriers on an the child into "the collective" at an age living in the Marianas area under the equal competitive footing with foreign­ which makes its physical and psychological trusteeship of the United States. flag carriers. I believe that the bill now adjustment the easiest. Two of our largest American flag car­ before the House, H.R. 14266, and its Not surprisingly, many mothers resist this Senate counterpart, S. 3481, will correct idea. riers are serving Guam and the Trust There is also no guarantee that better eco­ Territory as part of their international the main inequities behind Pan Am's nomic benefits and chlld services would in­ service routes. Pan American Airlines, problems and help lead this company crease the birth rate. In fact, there is con­ the pioneer in commercial aviation, back down the road to solvency. For too trary evidence. From 1960 to 1966, the num­ started its Pacific-Far East service with long, America has permitted these in­ ber of spaces in Moscow day care centers grew the China Clipper in 1935 and continues equities to exist. If we want American by 61.5 per cent, but the birth rate fell 52 to serve these areas, save for the years flag carriers to continue to circle the per cent. globe, Congress should pass these meas­ As for increasing cash benefits to mothers, of 1941 to 1946. Trans World Airlines social scientists report that the government joined Pan American in the trans-Pa­ ures to provide our carriers with the pro­ simply cannot afford it, at least for now. A cific route service in October 1968. Con­ tection they need. small increase in allowances in a nation of tinental Airlines also entered the Guam­ Mr. Speaker, while I am not opposed 250 million would cost the state an enormous Micronesian market in the 1960's, but its to charity abroad, I am a firm believer sum. But, experts say, it might not convince serv1ces are confined essentially to the that charity should begin at home. More­ one mother to have another baby. over, generosity should be a two-way Ada Baskina, a journalist who writes about United States-Guam-Trust Territory famny life, suggested in an interview that circuit. street in that some reciprocal arrange­ "the fairest solution to this problem may be Like all insular communities, Guam ments should be made whereby our flag for the state to take responsib111ty for house­ and Micronesia are almost entirely de­ carriers are not discriminated against work-government agencies doing the work pendent on air and surface transporta­ abroad. at home." That way, she reasoned, a mother tion for the movement of people and the I urge my colleagues to support the en­ could hold her job and raise two or three shipment of most of their basic commod­ actment of this important piece of legis­ children without feeling that she was a vic­ lation. tim of life instead of a beneficiary. ities. Over 90 percent of all consumer This, too, is far beyond the state's present items and 100 percent of construction Thank you. capacities for the foreseeable future. The and building materials must be imported birth rate is likely to remain constant at into Guam. best, and it could decline stlll more. Unfortunately, Guam and Micronesia do not enjoy the luxury of having a ran­ THE GREAT SPACE TECHNOLOGY road and trucking system as alternative GRAB CONTINUES transportation systems. FORMER CONGRESSMAN JOHN F. Thus, as one can readily see, Mr. HON. ROBERT J. HUBER Speaker, air and ocean-going transpor­ SHELLEY OF MICHIGAN tation are the heart and soul of economic survival of the people who make this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. CHARLES S. GUBSER part of the world their home. Any minor Tuesday, October 8, 1974 interruption of this essential service will Mr. HUBER. Mr. Speaker, under the OF CALIFORNIA disrupt not only their lifelines, but, what guise of United States-U.S.S.R. coopera­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is also intolerable, the social, educational, tion in space, the Soviets continue to Tuesday, October 8, 1974 and political isolation that will ensue. An learn of and take advantage of our su­ efficient and reliable air transportation Mr. GUBSER. Mr. Speaker, Jack Shel­ perior technology in that field. While system is inextricably linked to the various Russians swarm all over our ley was one of the most loved Congress­ economic and political survival of our men I have served with. He had that space facilities, our people are allowed territories. very little access to Soviet installations. unusual ability to command respect and Mr. Speaker, what is disturbing to me enjoy the friendship of everyone includ­ Business Week of September 28, 1974, as well as to the people of our off-shore recently pointed out another instance ing those who believed in a markedly dif­ areas is the blatant discrimination and ferent political philosophy. On many oc­ in which the Soviet Union will benefit unfair practices which necessitate H.R. from this so-called "cooperation in casions I have been privileged to be his 14266. We, in our generosity and mag­ space." The item follows: guest on his boat and in his home, and nanimous gestures toward our allies and have enjoyed his lighthearted friend­ their air carriers, have put an intoler­ U.S. SPACE GEAR FOR RUSSIA'S SOYUZ liness. able financial burden on our own air­ The Soviet Soyuz spacecraft that will be Jack was an able advocate of his sin­ used for next July's docking with a U.S. lines and placed them at a competitive Apollo vehicle will carry built-in insurance cerely held philosophy and the city of disadvantage through the following pol­ against failure of the rendezvous. After San Francisco as well as the State of icies: watching Soviet problems with their own California and the Nation benefited from Foreign airlines are now able to ob­ docking attempts, U.S. officials insisted that his lifetime of public service. tain credit through our Import and Ex­ the RCA system that worked so well in the A great man has passed away but his port Bank at a favorable interest rate. lunar landing and Skylab programs be used memory will always be cherished by Foreign carriers are paid higher rates in the joint mission. those of us who were lucky enough to be for the shipment of our mail. Three sets of the $300,000 passive radar his friends. U.S.-flag carriers are charged higher system that wlll be installed in the Soyuz 34504 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1974

already have been shipped to Russia. Officials one agency to another without causing too FDR told me, "If you even give the appear­ are not worried about giving away any much trouble in either place. In due course ance of blocking off Cabinet officers from me secrets: the active part of the system, which my recommendation was reported back to the you will need to get another job!" And once does most of the work, will be installed on President who agreed the shift should be he saw my name mentioned in the papers as the Apollo. made but thought he would do It in a differ­ attending one or two parties, he told me I ent way from tha-t which his assistant rec­ was not working hard enough and if I kept ommended. I remember arguing, perhaps too getting my name in the society columns I THE ROOSEVELT WHITE HOUSE vehemently, that my way of doing it was would be looking for another job. Later when better than his and would cause much less I was working day and night and felt ex­ trouble 1n the bureaucracy. And finally I hausted I told him I needed at least one HON. GEORGE H. MAHON said "Mr. President, you should do it my way assistant. He said: "If you need an assistant and not yours." you aren't doing the job the way I want OF TEXAS He replied wf.th a beaming smile, "No, you to do it!" IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES James, I do not have to do it your way and Actually he ruled the White House by un­ Tuesday, October 8, 1974 I will tell you the reason why. The reason diluted charm. No one, particularly members is that, although they may have made a of his own staff, could resist him. I remem­ Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, last June mistake, the people of the United States ber a newly elected congressman named the Washington Post ran a series of arti­ elected me President, not you." To which Mike Mansfield returning from a stag party cles written by men who had served as the only possible answer was a very quick FDR had given that night for first-term con­ assistants to recent Presidents. Judge "Yes, sir!" gressmen telling his wife, Maureen, that he Marvin Jones, a distinguished former FDR believed the way to run the New Deal had been prepared, from everything he had was by competitive administration and not read about him, to resist the famous Roose­ member of the House of Representatives by the use of orderly channels. The White velt charm. "But," said Mansfield, "he is Ir­ from Texas, Administrator of the U.S. House was an open place, and access to the resistible." "The Boss" could be, and often War Food Administration, and an emi­ President by staff, Cabinet and Congress was was, strictly cold business with plenty of nent jurist who served as chief judge of relatively easy to gain, at least until Pearl steel. Yet if he had a few minutes of free the U.S. Court of Claims, recently Harbor when the grinding pressures of World time he was easily the best conversationalist brought to my attention the article by War II forced him to become Commander-in­ of this century, with the possible exception James Rowe on President Roosevelt. The Chief. He felt he learned more about what he of Winston Churchill. article is an excellent one, particularly as should do on various public issues from the His language was stylish and good but public battles and clashes of his Cabinet hardly Anglo-Saxon. I cannot remember ever it provides a unique insight into the way officers and the bureaucrats who then as hearing him swear. Grace Tully, his famous one powerful President ran the White now, would find their way on to the front secretary, has said he might occasionally House. pages. He received all sorts of information utter a "dramn" or so in a fairly large meet­ The article follows: through his own channels from all sorts of ing while she happened to be taking notes. F .D.R.: "HE KNEw How To BE PRESIDENT" people all over the country and the world, Invariably, he would turn to Grace and It is fashionable today to say the problems not least of whom was Eleanor Roosevelt. He apologize: "Sorry, Grace, I forgot you were of the '30s and '40s were essentially simpler always seemed to have acquired more knowl­ here." Evidently, fashions do change. than those that face us now, and lt may even edge about any issue than his staff had. His one touchstone, his standard, was his be true. But perspective should also persuade Roosevelt was the creator of the modern country. He seemed prepared to do anything us that those same problems were far more Presidency. President Hoover, for instance, required to advance the public welfare. Dur­ serious than those of today and, In some re­ had one or at most two secretaries. With the ing the years of preparation for World War spects, anyway, even more difficult to solve. expert help of the great Louis Brownlow and II and when the United States was, in one of President Franklin D. Roosevelt had to cope with legislative authority from the Congress his immortal phrases, "the Arsenal for first with the Great Depression and then with Roosevelt fashioned the Executive Office of Democracy" John Lewis pulled his coal World war II. It is a matter of faith among the President. The Executive Office he dellb· miners out on strike, nearly paralyzing the his advocates that he did so magnificently. erately kept separate from his personal nation rand causing considerable injury to the In general the historians seem to agree. White House staff. He also received authority Allies fighting Hitler. FDR denounced him. President Roosevelt presided over his small to add the "assistants with a passion for There was bitterness everywhere. One day, White House staff, no swollen bureaucracy in anonmity" as part of his personal staff several weeks after the strike began, I was and this writer was one. called into. the President's offi.ce on an un­ those days, with Infinite charm and a~. en· compassing friendllness. We called him The FDR drew a sharp line between the Presi­ related matter. Just as I walked in he was Boss" when we spoke to each other, but to dent and the Presidency. The Executive Of­ hanging up the phone and, turning to me fice, which consisted of the Budget Bureau with a pleased smile, he said "James I'll bet his face it was always "Mr. President" or oc­ you can't guess who I was talking to." It had casionally, Sir." and several other staff agencies, was to serve The explanation of why FDR was our only the institution of the Presidency, whoever been Lewis. I said "Mr. President, I hope you four-term President (and, some think, our might be the incumbent and thus it would told the blankety-blank to go to hell." He best) was that he knew how to be President. furnish continuity. It was not to worry about replied, "I did nothing of the sort. I have That connoisseur of Presidents, Professor politics. While it was vastly interested in the been making peace with him. I have to have merits and costs of legislation, the Execu­ that coal, and I'll tell you a secret. I am Richard Neustadt of Harvard, has written willing to crawl over his offi.ce on my that this quality was FDR's most outstand­ tive Office never indulged in negotiations or to compromises on such legisla,tion. The White hands and knees to get it, because the coun­ ing characteristic. Neustadt, hlm~elf a prac­ House staff, on the other hand, was to serve try has to have it." A day or so later the strike ticing White House staff man with Truman, and protect FDR himself. was over. Kennedy and Johnson, and a close academic FDR, the first of the modern Presidents, is student of the other modern Presidencies, The President had rather definite ideas about keeping his White House staff small long gone. But those of us who served him once said of Roosevelt: could well borrow from ·a famous quota­ "No President in this century has had a and shunting much of the hard policy work out of the White House to the departments tion by Mr. Justice Holmes, uttered in an­ sharper sense of personal power, a sense of other connection: what it is and where it comes from; none has and agencies. He once told Miss Frances Per­ kins, perhaps the best Secretary of Labor "Through our great good for:tune, in our had more hunger for it, few have had more youth our hearts were touched with fire. It use for it, and only one of two could match the country ever had, "Fanny, keep that steel strike down in your department, at least untll was given to us to learn at the outset that his faith in his own competence to use it ... life is a profound and passionate thing." No modern Pre&ldent has been more nearly 10 minutes before you have a settlement and master in the White House .•. Roosevelt had then you can bring it here and I will take a love affair with power in that place. It was credit for it!" an early romance and it lasted all his life. Occasionally when he wanted to keep his own strong hand on his "must" legislation . . . Once he became the President of the SUPPORT FOR RECOMPUTATION United States that sense of fitness gave hlm he would field his own drafting and lobby­ an extraordinary confidence. Roosevelt, al­ ing teams, such as Tommy Corcoran and Ben most alone among our Presidents, had no Cohen on financial legisla,tion, backstopped conception of the offi.ce to live up to, he w_as by scores of bright young lawyers around HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG the town who were somewhat derisively nick­ Oll' FLORIDA it. His image of the offi.ce was himself-in· named the "Happy Hot Dogs'' (after Felix offi.ce. The memoirs left by his associates FTankfurter who had recruited them for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES agree on this if nothing else; he saw the j~b Washington service). While technically not Tuesday, October 8, 1974 of being President as being FDR." on the White House staff, the Corcoran­ This writer was an appalllngly young, Cohen team was called 1n on almost all im­ Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, overly confident Administrative Assistant to portant matters. I have today submitted testimony to the the President. I was, one day, directed by At one time, a Cabinet offi.cer mistakenly House Armed Services Committee's Sub­ FDR to find a way to shift an able but some­ thought this writer was keeping him from committee on Military Compensation, what troublesome government servant from access to the President and so complained. strongly supporting legislation to pro- October 8, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF R£MARKS 34505 vide a recomputation of retired military cost. In an effort to compromise with these hand and delivering a blistering anti­ pay. objections, and to achieve some form of American speech on the other hand. His We are all aware of the inequities relief for our military retirees, I have intro­ duced H.R. 14082, providing for a one-time speech and behavior reminded me of the which have existed in retired pay since recomputation of m111tary retired pay, based way he was in the early 1960's when the 1958 change to a cost of living com­ on the rates of pay in effect on January 1, America was forced to break diplomatic putation basis. I have introduced legis­ 1972. Any future increases in retired pay ties with his country. lation in the last two Congresses to re­ would be based on the Consumer Price Index. I urge my colleagues to read this turn retired pay computation to the pte- Eligib111ty for this "one-shot" recomputation column: 1958 system, and I have also strongly would be as follows: POLITICAL REPRESSION SAVAGE IN CUBA 1) Immediate recomputation for disab111ty supported the "one-shot" recomputation retirees with a rating of 30 percent or more; (By Jack Anderson) which has twice been approved by the 2) Immediate recomputation for military A less bombastic Fidel Castro is now 1n Senate. retirees who are 60 years of age or older; his best behavior, as he strives to bring Cuba Therefore, I am happy that the House 3) Recomputation upon reaching age 60 into the society of Western Hemisphere na­ Armed Services Committee is reopening for present retirees, based on the January 1, tions. But hidden from the prominent visi­ 1972, pay scales with any subsequent cost-of­ tors he has enticed to Cuba is an unspeak­ its hearings into this matter, and I sin­ living raises; able world of political oppression. cerely hope that a legislative solution to 4) Pre-1949 disab111ty retirees would have We have written about the terror and tor­ this problem will be forthcoming. Fol­ the option to remain under the current re­ ture in the prisons of Brazil's right-wing lowing are the recommendations which tirement laws or to come under the new dictatorship. Now we have received evidence I set forth in my own testimony: recomputation legislation, at their actual of similar tactics in the prisons of Cuba's STATEMENT BY THE HONORABLE C. W. Bn.L degree of disabi11ty. The Senate has twice left-wing dictatorship. YOUNG, OF FLORIDA, CONCERNING RETmED adopted the content of this bill, only to have Just as Braz111an poUtlcal prisoners smug­ Mn.ITARY PAY, OCTOBER 8, 1974 it dropped from the legislation in Conference. gled their stark stories to us through priests It is a good and workable compromise for our Castro's prisoners have managed to smuggl~ Mr. Chairman, I appreciate being given letters, afildavits and other evidence to the this opportunity to go on record once again retirees-it is reasonable in cost, it pays the retiree when he needs it most--at age 60- United States with directions that they be as being in strong support of the principle and it makes partial restitution for the gov­ delivered to us. of recomputation of retired military pay. ernment's breach of faith in 1958. As I am We have checked out their charges, as best On the opening day of the 93rd Congress, sure you are aware, this compromise legis­ we could, with former prisoners who have I reintroduced my b111 for continuing re­ lation has the backing of the major military been released from Castro's custody. We are computation as H.R. 221, the Uniformed organizations-both active duty and retired­ willing to make a personal inspection of Services Retirement Pay Equalization Act. as a workable and final resolution of the these prisoners, if Castro wlll permit it, as H.R. 221 calls for a return to the former pro­ recomputation question. we also offered to do in Brazil. gram of equalizing retirement pay with the I sincerely hope that this Subcommittee The letters and afildavits describe a horror pay of members of the uniformed services of wlll give its approval to a recomputation which, for the unhappy souls who run afoul equal rank and years of service. measure in a timely manner, so that we may of Castro's polltical pollee, usually begins The principle of recomputing retired m111- act on it in the whole House later this Fall. with a frightening, aftermldnight aiTest tary personnel pay based on active duty pay As the cost of living spirals ever upward and "You and your family are all fast asleep" was incorporated in the American military as active duty mil1tary pay continues to states one afildavlt, "when the tremendo~s retired pay system from the time of the rise, the military retiree finds himself in an knocking at your front and back doors starts. Civil War until 1958-more than 90 years. ever more inequitable situation. Fourteen About six or seven G-2 men, armed to the All military personnel who served before years is long enough for this injustice to teeth with Russian machine guns, rush in June 1, 1958 did so with the expectation that continue. Let us act now on recomputation your house, screaming, pushing your family, this system would continue to be followed, and honor that moral obligation which we searching your home, not allowing your wife and it is quite likely that the recomputation have to millions of men and women who or children to go to the bedroom to put their feature of the retirement system 71as largely served their country long and honorably. clothes on. responsible for the decision of many to make "They insult you with every filthy name the military their career. Although there was in the book. Finally they push you outside, no signed contract with the U.S. government with your family crying, and put you into promising that this system would be con­ a G-2 car." tinued after SP.rvice was completed, there cer­ POLITICAL REPRESSION SAVAGE The victim ls hustled to G-2 headquarters tainly was a moral obligation on the part of IN CUBA where, according to the affidavit, "you are the government not to reduce the entitle­ taken into a small room, have all your clothes ment after it was earned. taken away from you, searched even within However, in 1958 Congress abandoned this HON. LOUIS FREY, JR. your body, then given a pair of mechanic recomputation program in favor of one tied OF FLORIDA overalls without sleeves." to increases in the cost of living. I personally The Interrogation takes place in a small feel it was a breach of faith to change this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ofilce. "The ofilcers all put their guns on the system, and indeed, during the years since Tuesday, October 8, 197 4 table in front of you to scare you," recounts 1958 many attempts have been made to jus­ the afildavit. "Then the questioning begins, tify the government's abrogation of its moral Mr. FREY. Mr. Speaker I want to take with insults, the threats, the false accusa­ responsib111ty. In spite of these attempts, the this opportunity to voice my apprehen~ tions, where everybody is accused of being fact remains that those who entered careers sions to the recent renewal of attempts the CIA." in the uniformed services before June 1, to establish relations with CUba by the I! the prisoner doesn't give the answers 1958, served under a guaranteed formula American Government. Thousands of they want, he is held alternately In over­ providing that their retired pay would be a Americans share a similar concern. heated and frigid cells. "The heat Is so bad, percentage of current active duty pay. But you faint. And then you are brought In a the post-1958 retiree faced an entirely dif­ Maybe other Americans have forgot­ special cell that has air conditioning so cold ferent situation. Whlle active duty pay has ten why the Cuban-Americans left their you freeze. All this to make you talk." increased by 108.1 percent since 1958, the homeland more than 10 years ago to The prisoners are permitted to see their average retiree's pay has increased by 58.6 come to this country but we in Florida fam111es once a week. "You are shaved by a percent. A tremendous gap in retired pay live with the reminder each day. The cu­ gorma, without shaving cream, then taken has thus grown between retirees of the same bans who left their homes did so because to a small room, all bugged, with your in­ grade and years of service. The inequality they could not live 1 more day under vestigator sitting next to you, and are given will continue to widen unless Congress re­ the regime of Fidel Castro. six or seven minutes with your fa.mUy, after ·stores the traditional system of computing your family has been given a lecture to tell retired pay on the basis of current active That was more than 10 years ago when you to confess." .duty rates. these conditions in CUba were so un­ The letters and afildavits describe the food Even more pressing a problem, however, is livable, but we are reminded; very in Cuban prisons as scarcely enough for sur­ the fact that the new method of recomputa­ graphically, by Jack Anderson's column vival. At LaCabana Fortress prison, 160 men tion has not been adequate to keep retired of September 7, that these conditions were crowded Into galleries without windows, pay on a par with the soaring cost of living. have not changed at all since then. And nothing but an iron grllle at the end. It Like many others trying to live on a fixed it is evident, especially in the light of his was so hot In tbe summer that the prisoners income, our retired military personnel have couldn't bear to wear clothes. When it rained, been hard-hit by inflation. These people have actions last week, that Cuba's dictator­ the water washed into the living quarters. devoted many, many years of service to their Fidel Castro-has not changed either. "At one time," states an afildavit, "we were country, often at great personal sacrifice. Not only is Castro still unpopular with not allowed to have water to shower for 23 I am aware that there have been strong the people he rules, he 1s at the very days." Another describes the hour in the sun ~bjections raised against H.R. 221, and sim­ least a hypocrite. We saw him last wel­ which the prisoners were permitted once a ilar bllls, primarily on the basis of long-term coming two U.S. Senators on the one month. 34506 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1974 "But we had to run in double time. All the Most important is what Mr. WHALEN plex, meat-based diets. These diets consume time we were running, we were being hit by refers to as "the accelerating interde­ enormous amounts of agricultural resources. the guards with clubs, bayonets and iron pendence of the globe." For example, the average per capita grain sticks. Then down again into the hole, again consumption in India 1s 880 pounds per year, being hit by the guards." Mr. WHALEN's report outlines the grim while the U.S. 1972 per capita intake was 1,850 Most of all, the prisoners dreaded the facts, the political factors, actions being pounds and the USSR's 1,450 pounds. "riquisa," as the cell searches were called. taken already to meet the situation, and Too, affluence makes consumer demand "The guards come into your gallery after what Congress can do. more income-sensitive and effectively ex­ midnight," according to one account, "and As Chairman of Members of Congress cludes through the price mechanism those line you up outside or against the wall. They for Peace Through Law, I am pleased to who can't afford higher price levels. The con­ start to throw everything you own outside have this opportunity to offer Mr. sequence is that those who don't have, can't and douse water all over your bed, which get. While this is made obvious in open mar­ normally is thrown from one end of the gal­ WHALEN'S report for the RECORD fol­ ket bidding for scarce supplies, the impact lery to the other. lowing these remarks: of high prices also results in a diminishing "You also get beat up. When you are taken MEMORANDUM of the amounts of food previously available outside, nude, the miUcianas [women guards] MEMBERS OF CONGRESS for humanitarian assistance purposes (in­ stand in the patio and laugh at your FOR PEACE THROUGH LAW, cluding concessionary foreign sales). Thus, nakedness." Wasnington, D.C., September 11, 1974. U.S. food aid this past year was only 40% At the Isle of Pines prison, the prisoners To: All Members of MCPL. of its volume two years ago, while commer­ were welcomed off the ferry boat by "guards From: Congressman CHARLES W. WHALEN, cial exports expanded from $13 billion to $20 on both sides of the gangplank, hitting us as JR., Chairman, Emerging Nations Com­ billion. 90% of this increase resulted from we passed by them, and I mean hitting with mittee. higher prices. clubs and sticking us with their bayonets, Re: The World Food Crisis. Clearly, when pitted against the rising food just for fun I guess," states one letter. As all of you are aware, severe strains upon demands of the increasingly atlluent in The prisoners at the Isle of Pines got up the world food supply are leading us 1n the Japan, Western Europe, the USSR and North at 5 a.m. and worked unttl 6 p.m. "cutting direction of a major international cr~is. Be­ America, the poor come last regardless of weeds, planting trees, picking fruit." "God cause of the presSing need to deal urgently their desperate needs. Though comprehen­ forbid," reported one former prisoner, "if and effectively with this complex issue, I sible economically, in human terms this they should catch you eating a piece of fruit. am issuing the following Summary Report means that nearly 1 blllion people are denied The guards would make mincemeat out of for your information and in conjunction their basic physical development through you with their bayonets." wtth the present series of Hearings being malnutrition and even starvation while the The prisoners were subjected to dally beat­ conducted jointly by the Subcommittees on more affluent indulge in consumption ex­ ings, according to the smuggled documents. International Organizations and Movements cesses far beyond-and deb1Utating to­ "There was seldom a month in the island and Foreign Economic Policy of the House health reqUirements. With the likely preva­ when they did not ktll one or two prisoners Foreign Affairs Committee. lence of long-term shortages, this means that millions will be unable to obtain minimum in the work camp, or cut them up, crippling BACKGROUND them, or something," charges an affidavit. food requirements. In this situation, then, The documents give detailed descriptions Nearly 200 years ago Malthus developed his excessive consumption must be curtailed. of the prisons, enclose typical menus and well-known theory that world population Levels of existing stocks and current pros­ name some of the most brutal guards. One growth would be held in check by the limits pects for replenishment. At their lowest prisoner, risking almost certain retaliation, of the earth's natural ability to feed its levels since World War II, world food reserves has asked us to tell his personal story. This people. are estimated now at 26 days of global con­ will be published in a future column. Science and technology have mod11led sumption-a decllne from 36 days one year Malthusian theory by expanding natural ago and from 90 days in 1970. They con­ yields through the use of fertlllzers, pesti­ tinue to fall. Moreover, for the first time in cides, irrigation and numerous other tech­ 20 years, all idle cropland in the U.S. has niques. Until qUite recently, these improve­ been put under the plow, leaving no further REPORT ON WORLD FOOD CRISIS ments and good weather enabled food pro­ acreage for more food output. TO MEMBERS OF CONGRESS FOR duction to keep pace with the planet's 2% Because of the decision to plant "fence to PEACE THROUGH LAW annual population increment and, particu­ fence" in the U.S., agricultural oftlcials pre­ larly in the North American region, created dicted record harvests this crop year-just as large surpluses. good weather augered well for the Soviet HON. JOHN F. SEIBERLING These surpluses have served as the back­ Union and the Indian Subcontinent. Such OF OHIO bone of U.S. agricultural policy. Their pres­ optimism was unfounded, however, as ad­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ence in the grain elevators of the Mid-West, verse weather has created shortages In all along with the idling of thousands of acres three regions. Resultant crop failures in corn, Tuesday, October 8, 1974 of cropland, assured stable prices and ade­ wheat and soybeans has reduced U.S. pro­ Mr. SEIDERLING. Mr. Speaker, last quate stocks to meet any production short­ duction by more than 25% and world-wide falls. These domestic buffers remained large grain production is now 22 million tons lower month our distinguished colleague, enough for commercial exports to rise sub­ than last year. The overall effect of thest CHARLES W. WHALEN, Jr., as Chairman stantially and to provide for concessionary shortages is that less food will be avatlable of the Emerging Nations Committee of and humanitartan grants of food aid (PL to meet ever-growing demands. Members of Congress for Peace Through 480) to other countries unable to feed their Compounding the supply and replenish­ Law, submitted a report on the world people. ment prospects is a fourth factor-world­ food crisis. The seriousness of this crisis THE GRIM PRESENT wide shortages of fertllizer, energy, water for the people of the United States was Like supplies of energy and other in­ and land, the four major resources essential underlined this week by the action of creasingly scarce natural resources, however, to food production. Although the inter­ the days of surplus food appear to be over. relationships among these elements are all President Ford in imposing informal crucial, fertilizer is the key llnk in the food controls over the exports of large quan­ With their passing, food polictes based upon unlimited abundance have come unstuck production chain. For example, to increase tities of grain to the Soviet Union and and better management of the earth's yields 1%, an increase of 3.5% of fertilizer other countries. dwindling common heritage 1s demanded. is required. This means that for developing I am sure most Americans would agree The factors involved in this radical swing countries to raise their agricultural output that such controls are long overdue. This 'by 4% annually in the 1970s-a modest pro­ from glut to deficit hang together like mag­ jection-their fertllizer use will have to is not to say that the United States can netic fragments and their assessment is a climb by nearly 14%. This would be 4.6% ignore conditions outside of our borders sobering lesson on the accelerating interde­ higher than levels 1n recent years. but rather that we have an obligation pendence of the globe. These factors include: But virtually all estimates for the cur­ not only to see that the food needs of our Population. Next year there wtll be 4 bil­ rent crop year indicate that the develop­ lion people on earth. Although the total an­ own people are met but that, so far as ing countries will suffer a fert111zer short­ nual population growth rate hovers around fall of about 2 million tons. This represents possible, we develop a rational program 2%, increases in the developing countries for helping to meet the truly desperate roughly 16-20 milllon tons of grain, or the are frequently 1n excess of 3%. At this rate, normal consumption of neaTly 100 million food needs of people in other parts of the population growth results in a 19-fold addi­ people tn developing countries. Americans world. tion within a century. Since this rate is 1m­ will use more than this amount of fertilizer In determining what such a program possible to sustain, man must clearly adjust hils reproductive behavior to the dimensions for their lawns, cemeteries and golf courses should be, the Congress has a crucial tn the coming year. responsibility. Mr. WHALEN's report of a finite planet. Rising Affluence. More difficult to measure Moreover, from a cost perspective, each brings out the key facts which all Mem­ than population growth, this reflects the dollar's worth of fertlllzer that food import­ bers will find useful in evaluating vari­ growing numbers of people whose recently ing countries are unable to obtain now will ous measures relating to the food crisis. acquired wealth permit and encourage com- require five dollars' worth of high-priced food October 8, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34507 imports a year from now, according to the (3) The UN Secretary-General, following ant and poorly understood global inflation­ Overseas Development Council. Thus the up on the Sixth Special Session of the Gen­ these are all signals of a need to revamp present shortage will cost developing coun­ eral Assembly (April-May 1974), appealed to the existing international economic system. tries nearly $5 billion in scarce foreign ex­ 44 nations--including the Organization of They especially Uluminate the growing im­ change in addition to their estimated $10-15 Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)-to portance of the human and material re­ billion oil b11ls. contribute to an emergency relief fund to sources, and needs, of the developing na­ The net effect of such factors as popula­ aid the most seriously affected developing tions as a matter of mutual interest and as tion growth, rising affluence, poor climate economies. Although approximately $2 bil­ a necessity for genuine global security. Con­ and the energy-fertilizer shortages has been lion has been raised for this ..Special Fund, gress has demonstrated both its sensitivity to accelerate world food demand at unprece­ the U.S. has yet to contribute; and its understanding of these complex, in­ dented rates. The annual growth in global ( 4) With specific regard to the fertilizer terdependent issues with its passage of demand has leaped from 12 m1llion tons in shortage, the FAO authorized in July the legislation to provide Emergency Disaster 1950 to more than 30 million tons in 1970, establishment of an international fertilizer Relief and for U.S. participation in the . and it continues unabated. supply scheme to aid developing countries International Development Association. This demand has sent the prices of agri­ in dire need. The plan calls for a fertilizer Food presents one more opportunity for Con­ cultural products soaring. Although good pool, an improved information system and gress to act decisively and humanely 1n an news for the American farmer, the doubling assistance from FAO in mobtlizlng financial area vital to foreign policy considerations. of world prices for wheat, rice, corn and soy­ resources; With the earth's survival increasingly beans has imposed terrible hardships on the (5) Within the United States, citizen bound-up in the inter-relationship of 1ts nutritional well-being of the planet's poor­ groups have been organized into a national economies, the world food crisis demon­ est inhabitants. coalition to inform the public about the strates the urgent need for cooperation THE POLrriCS OF SCARCrrY world food situation and to bring pressure among all nations. There is an element of diminishing re­ upon Congress and the Government to for­ turns, however, which even astronomical mulate effective food policies that will meet prices can not buy. This involves the increas­ present shortages and long-term demands; ingly tight supply situation and its ramifi­ and PHILADELPHIA GETS COMPREHEN­ cations in the existing international infla­ (6) World Food Action Resolutions have SIVE CANCER CENTER tion. Simply stated, to guarantee domestic been introduced into Congress by Senator price stab111ty and adequate food supplies, Humphrey and Congressman Culver. Senate a number of individual food exporting na­ Resolution 329 and House Resolution 1155 HON. JOSHUA EILBERG tions have resorted to unilateral commodity have more than 120 Members of Congress as OF PENNSYLVANIA cosponsors, and urge the following: embargoes. Actions such as last year's soy­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bean embargo by the U.S.-the source of (a) A return to 1972 commodity assist­ 85% of all soybeans entering the world mar­ ance levels, which have fallen 66% in the Tuesday, October 8, 1974 ket--threatened the lives of nearly a blllion past two years; Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, Phlla­ people in East Asia for whom this com­ (b) Increased U.S. aid to the agricultural modity is a principal protein staple. Simi­ development of developing economies, where dtllphia moved up to the front rank of larly, Thailand clamped export controls on food output may be raised much more the Nation's war on cancer today when rice and wreaked havoc on food prices cheaply than in the more developed coun­ the cancer programs at the Fox Chase throughout Southeast Asia; and Brazil has tries and thus is much less inflationary; Cancer Center and at the University of imposed export restrictions on both soybeans (c) An increased U.S. pledge to the UN's Pennsylvania together were designated and beef. World Food Program and greater U.S. par­ a Comprehensive Cancer Center by Dr. These events . form a pattern of political ticipation in other multilateral development Frank J. Rauscher, Jr., Director of the and economic behavior which Lester Brown, programs; and an agricultural specialist and Senior Fellow (d) Reduced American use of scarce fer­ National Cancer Institute in Washing­ at The Overseas Development Council, has tilizers for non food producing purposes, ton. termed "a new phenomenon: a global politics such as lawns, golf courses, etc. The National Cancer Act of 1971 man­ of scarcity." In effect, this amounts to the WHAT CONGRESS CAN DO dated a number of such centers across U.S. wielding its 'grain weapon' in a manner While all of these activities deserve the the country, which will be key points similar to the OPEC countries' use of oil. most vigorous Congressional support, some in a national network to conduct re­ Unless dealt with rationally, the subsequent are ripe for legislative action: search and to transform information ugly reaction to high prices and shortages ( 1) Passage of the Humphrey-Culver res­ about cancer into greater treatment ca­ may deteriorate into a 1930s-like environ­ olutions, in particular, will indicate to the ment, with the international cooperation pability and effort. With today's an­ rest of the world American will1ngness to nouncement there are now seventeen sorely needed to resolve these conditions un­ take the lead in the cooperative action nec­ dermined by a myopic panic that leads essary for addressing the food crisis; such centers under development. ineluctably to widespread political violence. (2) Congress can press ahead to provide G. Morris Dorrance, Jr., chairman, and WHAT IS BEING DONE U.S. funding for emergency relief to the Dr. Timothy R. Talbot, Jr., president of Somber and gloomy as the food supply most seriously affected developing economies. the Fox Chase Cancer Center, said fol­ and production situation may be, a number as proposed by both Secretary of State Kis­ lowing today's announcement: of steps are being taken. The problems singer and UN Secretary-General Waldheim. We are honored that the National Cancer emerging from the food crisis are widely In order not to compound the already heavy Institute has designated the programs at the recognized as extremely serious and much debt burden of the poor countries, such as­ University of Pennsylvania and at the Fox attention is being devoted to practical pro­ sistance must be highly concessional if not Chase Cancer Center as a Comprehensive posals aimed at improving matters. Examples outright grant aid. This would be a sub­ Cancer Center. The Cancer Center at .Fox include: stantial follow up which these poor coun­ Chase was formed in 1974 to coordinate the (1) The UN Food and Agriculture Organi­ tries need, as would legislation limiting the activities of the American Oncologic Hos­ zation (FAO) has suggested an international non-food producing uses of scarce fer­ pital and The Institute for Cancer Research. system of food reserves, as well as an im­ tiUzer. The latter, especially, would be a Each of these institutions has been a leader proved crop reporting and warning system, signal of a wealthy nation's willingness to in its field for many years-the Institute fOl" and long-term development of food produc­ limit its fringe comforts in order that mil­ nearly fifty, the hospital for seventy. Today's tion within developing countries; lions may have enough to eat; and announcement recognizes this, as well as the (2) In his maiden UN speech last April, (3) Beyond these legislative areas, Con­ ab111ty, dedication and effort of our people. U.S. Secretary of State Kissinger stressed the gress can continue to inform itself of the importance of an international effort to deal complex dimensions of the world food crisis. Dr. Thomas W. Langfitt, vice president with the developing food crisis and proposed Ambassador Edward Martin, Coordinator of for health affairs at the University of a World Food Conference. This Conference the U.S. delegation to the World Food Con­ Pennsylvania, and Dr. Peter C. Nowell, will meet in Rome in November and will ference, has made himself and his group's director of the University of Pennsyl­ assess the world food situation, examine na­ analyses readily avatlable to Members of vania Cancer Center, said: tional and international programs of action, Congress. Too, innumerable local efforts are discuss measures for increasing food produc­ actively seeking Members' participation so We are pleased to join forces with the Fox tion in the developing countries, propose that constituency concern for the food crisis Chase Cancer Center in this effort. Coordi­ policies for improving consumption patterns can be strongly articulated. These unofficial nation of the cancer-related activities on both campuses will enable us to play a more in all countries, strengthen world food secu­ and voluntary org~izations are invaluable rity through a better early warning and food sources of essential views and have provided effective role in the National Cancer Program. information system and more effective na­ the sustained catalyst critical to popular They explained that while one com­ tional and international stockholding poli­ understanding of what the food crisis means cies, develop measures in the area of inter­ to them as citizens of their respective com­ ponent of the Fox Chase Center, the In­ national trade relevant to the food problem munities and as citizens of the earth. stitute for Cancer Research, has had an and arrange appropriate operational machin­ The food crisis, the energy crisis, restricted affiliation with the university since 1962, ery to enact these policies; international access to commodities, ramp- a new agreement would be drawn up to 34508 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1974 include the American Oncologic Hospi­ 5. A limit of $10 m1llion for the overall [From the New York Times Magazine, tal and provide for a committee to co­ expenditure of a Presidential candidate in Sept.8,1974] the Primaries (there is no limit now). ordinate all of the cancer activities of AMNESTY the Fox Chase Center and the university. 6. A limit of $75,000 per election which any candidate for U.S. House of Representatives (By Alfred B. Pitt) • Many Fox Chase scientists and physi­ may spend for each, the Primary and Gen­ "We of the American Legion firmly believe cians hold faculty appointments at the eral election (no limit now in effect). that giving any wholesale amnesty, whether university. The Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7. Provides for Public Financing of Pres­ conditional or unconditional, would make a in turn, provides educational opportuni­ idential campaigns. mocke·ry of the sacrifices of those men who ties for medical students and residents of 8. Sets up an Independent authority to did their duty"~ames F. O'Neil, Past Na­ the Hospital of the University of Penn­ administer the campaign laws and a separate tional Commander. sylvania. In addition, both the Fox Assistant Attorney General to enforce them. "My son was k1lled four years ago in Viet­ Check which of the following agrees with nam by our own art1llery . . . If I am to re­ Chase Center and the University of your opinion: ceive any comfort from my son's death, then Pennsylvania have collaborative rela­ let me believe that he died so that some tionships with other institutions in the [In percent) other mother's son, somewhere, might now Philadelphia area. These arrangements come home"-Peg Mullen, Iowa farmwife. should provide the basis for the devel­ Item Support Oppose Raise Lower No "Resolved, That our Department of Justice opment of a regional program to serve a N~ ~ ~ limit I imit opinion refuse deserters entry and declare them large segment of the greater Philadelphia guilty of treason"-Veterans of World War I, Dept of Oklahoma. area. 2l_-- _____-- 59 11 4 23 2 52 12 1 34 "I'm not a draft evader: I'm a runaway While the new comprehensive cancer 3 _____ 67 6 2 20 ------5 slave. I left because I was not going to fight center will expand its medical education 4_-5 _____--- 47 10 6 35 2 white America's war"-an anonymous black and training programs, a major emphasis 6 _____ 48 7 2 40 3 54 11 2 31 2 in Canada. w111 also be on research-particularly ] _____ g _____ 44 52 ------4 "Vietnam may or may not have been a clinical research, because most of our 65 28 ... -- ...... ------7 rich man's war, but it was a poor boy's fight. knowledge about cancer is still at a fron­ . • . My position is, every American can ex­ tier of the unknown. Increased effort will pect his fair day in court, and should expect also be devoted toward development of Do you believe presidential elections nothing more or settle for anything less"- community outreach programs, assisting should be financed solely from the present F. P. Jones, Colonel U.S.A. (ret). • $1 checkoff on income tax? Yes%. No 60%. "My son was kUled at Cu Chi, 2 days be­ physicians and the public in the role that fore his 19th birthday ... The granting of to Do you believe Public Financing should each must play if cancer is be con­ be extended to all Federal offices? Yes 31%. a universal, unconditional amnesty would be trolled. This will be done through com­ No 69%. a Uvlng memorial to all the young dead sol· munity programs involving active par­ Do you believe all currency contributions diers who leave us the task of giving mean­ ticipation by members of the medical over $10 should be prohibited? Yes 68%. ing to their deaths"-Patricla Simon, Mas­ professions in the communities involved. No32%. sachusetts housewife. Do you believe candidates who obtain "I am throwing the weight of my Presi­ Typical of such programs is the Breast dency into the scales o:r justice on the s•lde Cancer Control Network for Trenton, loans for campaign purposes should make full disclosure as to the source of the money of leniency.... I reject amnesty and I re­ N.J., which the Fox Chase Center an­ borrowed? Yes 95%. No 5%. ject revenge"-President Gerald R. Ford. nounced last week. Do you believe the campaign period All wars have tragic aftermaths. What can should be shortened? Yes 87%. No 13%. one say to-what can one do for-the par­ ents and the wives and the children of the men still listed as missing in action in In­ QUESTIONNAIRE ON CAMPAIGN dochina? We are helpless. But what of the FINANCING men who ran away, who dodged the draft or AMNESTY deserted the armed forces? They are under­ ground or have fled their own country alto­ HON. VICTOR V. VEYSEY gether; in either case, they are exiles. As to HON. DONALD M. FRASER them, we are not helpless, nor are they. The OF CALIFORNIA exiles can return, if they wish, but to what IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF MINNESOTA welcome? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, October 8, 1974 Decent and thoughtful Americans differ Tuesday, October 8, 1974 passionately on the nature o! the welcome. . Mr. VEYSEY. Mr. Speaker, I have Some old soldiers in Oklahoma want to bar Just completed compiling the results of Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, an impor­ any return. Some of the exiles Insist that the a recent questionnaire to my constituents tant point about how we decided who question is not whether they are to be for­ in the 35th Congressional District of would serve in the U.S. Armed Forces given but whether they are willing to forgive during the Vietnam war era is often for­ America. In between the extremes is every California. This questionnaire dealt with degree of severity, every degree of compas­ ~ specific issue, campaign reform. I be­ gotten. But the fact that we did not sion. It is heartening that the Ford Adminis­ lieve that my colleagues may find the choose men fairly, or, as Alfred B. Fitt tration has taken the side of compassion. results of interest to them. Particularly writes in his "Amnesty," the New York Nevertheless, our society has no consensus the questions concerning the public Times magazine, September 8, 1974, "We on this tormenting question. Perhaps the fin~ncing of Presidential campaigns in really did not choose them at all," ought answer would be easter if we could tell our­ which 52 percent opposed it and public to be central to the debate surrounding selves that those chosen for the slaughter ln the future of those who resisted the draft Vietnam were fairly chosen, so that those financing of all Federal offices in which who ran away will not be heard to complain 69 percent opposed it. The questions and and deserted the Armed Forces. Mr. Fitt now. But the fact ls, we did not choose men responses are : quotes James Reston on the draft: fairly. We really did not choose them at all. A campaign expenditure bill w111 be reach­ A system whereby poor boys are selected Instead, we handed out deferments and ing the House Floor soon. Its major provi­ to go to Vietnam and rich boys are selected then, from the big pool of men 1n their 20's sions include: to go to college. who qualified for no deferment, we simply 1. A limit of $1,000 per election on con­ inducted as many as were needed, oldest tributions by any person to a candidate for At any rate, Mr. Fitt's essay was writ­ man first. The deferment system was not Federal office (there is no limit now). ten before President Ford announced his the product of coherent and coordinated 2. A limit of $25,000 which one individual policy on reconciliation. Fitt's proposal thought. Instead, it was the accidental sum may make to all candidates for Federal office contains no requirement for public serv­ of unrelated decisions, each with an inde- combined, in any one year (there is no limit ice. In other respects, it parallels the now). President's proposal. I am not satisfied • Alfred B. Fitt was an Assistant Secretary 3. A limit of $25,000 per election which any with the President's plan and I have of Defense in the Johnson Administration. candidate may spend from his personal funds He sa.ys, "Although current considerations (this is now in effect). ' questions about Fitt's proposal. But the surrounding amnesty are rooted 1n those 4. A limit of $20 milllon for the overall Fitts article presents some facts that years, it was, ironically, a question that sim­ expenditure of a Presidential candidate 1n tend to be obscured in the debate and ply did not come up at that time; during a the General election (no limit now, each I think it should be reprinted in the war, all you think about is the immediate party spent approximately $50 million in RECORD for this reason. task at hand. But I have thought much about 1972). - The article follows: it since." October 8, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34509 pendent justification. No one in the period equally certain that the primary beneficiaries reports that of all deserters since July 1, before the Tonkin Gulf Resolution thought of the deferment for college students were 1966, only 28,661 were still at large on Dec. 31, to ask whether the over-all consequence of those already most favored in our society, the 1973, but it does not know how many of those the draft was equity, and the result was a children of upper-income families. men deserted after our part in the fighting stopped and how many before. In any event, system which was notably unfair .1 More than a m11lion eluded the draft by Thus, in 1963 married men were exempted enlisting in the reserves and doing their bit adding evaders and deserters, there appear to from the draft not because to induct them at home on weekends. This route was largely be about 35,000 exiles underground or over­ would cause particular hardship, but be­ the preserve of educated white males. Al­ seas as a result of Vietnam. If there are more cause the Army wanted to lower the average though no enlisted man's job in the m1litary, than that, the Government does not know age of draftees-college students were ex­ active or reserve, requires any college training about them. The surplus, 1f there is one, can empt because the education of the populace at all, in 1969, those with at least some col­ come home just as it went away, unnoticed. was desirable. Graduate students were ex­ lege accounted for 59 per cent of all reserve Who are these exiles? If anything about empt because our budding scientists were enlistments; only 1 per cent were nonwhite. them is certain, it is that by no means all needed for post-Sputnik research. Reservists (It is true that reservists faced a potential of them fied because of moral scruple. and National Guardsmen were exempt be­ call to active duty, but in fact only 37,000 Rather, they are composed of scamps and cause in no other way could the reserve were called. Some were so repelled at the saints, liars, prophets, sad sacks, heroes, forces be h.ept up to strength. Men in "critical notion of being required to carry out their cowards, simpletons, cynics, gentle men, occupations" were exempt I'Jecause it made bargain that more than 1,500 of them joined bullies, authors, illiterates, every kind of no sense to draft the only pharmacist in in 25 different law suits protecting their mother's son. To portray them as a homo­ town when any number of street corner callup. They lost.) genous mass, 35,000 peas in a pod, all to be idlers were available to go. And finally, the Some young men, although no one can blessed or all to be cursed, is a piece of im­ stupid and the slow and the asthmatics and say how many, avoided the m1Utary by play­ pertinence. the weak and the fat and the gay were ex­ ing games with Selective Service. In the first Nevertheless, there have been detailed empt because the armed forces did not want five years of the sixties, there were 41,462 studies of deserters which permit some gen­ them. What could have been more senSible? Selective Service appeals. In the second five eralizations. The Defense Department has The Selective Service System was a rickety, years there were 596,258. There is much anec­ found that the typical deserter eventually folksy mechanism which had worked reason­ dotal evidence that thousands and thousands returns or is caught; that he was a high ably well and without major scandal when shopped around among draft boards-chang­ school dropout (69 per cent), not very smart virtually all physically qualified young men ing their residences as necessary-until they ( 43 per cent in the lowest acceptable apti­ were called into the military or when no one found one which would excuse them. tude category), white (85 per cent) and was being shot at, but it was an organiza­ More than four million men were disquali­ with no prior record (70 per cent), all in all tional and equitable disaster area when-as fied because they could not pass the armed a very ordinary lot, and one is tempted to was the case during the Vietnam War-fewer forces physical examination. The standards ask who needs them? than half the men turning 18 were needed 1n appeared to be perfectly straightforward, but But most of the 28,661 deserters now at the armed forces. they produced disquieting results: the more issue have been gone a long time. Are those In part, the inequity was beyond the con­ education one had, the less likely he was to who have atypically stayed away atypical in trol of the 4,000 draft boards. It was not their pass the physical. Only 19 per cent of the other respects? Apparently not, if one accepts fault that the draft, as James Reston once high-school dropouts were disqualified medi­ the Defense Department special analysis o! observed, "is a system whereby poor boys are cally, but 34 per cent of the college graduates every deserter who has surfaced in a for­ selected to go to Vietnam and rich boys are flunked, and the figure rose to 38 per cent eign country. Such men tend to be long­ selected to go to college." But because the for the brightest of all, those who went on term absentees, but in their other character­ system was so decentralized, and because to graduate school. istics they seem to be about the same as the Director Lewis B. Hershey believed so firmly In numbers which defy estimation, men less spectacular, short-term deserter. in not interfering with local-board policies, escaped the draft through corrupt means. There have been no similarly comprehen­ the consequence was that classification and Some evaders found physicians, either venal sive studies of draft evaders, but it is gener­ deferment practices varied erratically from or passionately opposed to the war, who would ally assumed that, by way of prior economic board to board and state to state. Uniform conspire with them to create false or dubious status and education, they were better off treatment under the law is imperative when disqualifying medical histories. Some men than the deserters. This assumption is but­ young men are being picked to go out and bribed their way into reserve units. Some tressed by University of Toronto Associate face bullets, but all during the nineteen­ pretended homosexuality. Some ran away, not Professor Saul Levine, who found that evad­ sixties that imperative was ignored. Except on moral grounds, but simply out of fear. ers were more likely than deserters to ad­ for the older m111tary careerists, the Ameri­ Looking back on the anger and resistance just successfully to life in Canada, because can war in Indochina was fought by young which marked this country as the bloody they tended to be older, and had some pa­ American males who turned 18 between July, trickle in Vietnam became a hemorrhage, it rental support (not necessarily agreement), 1963, and July, 1971. There were 14.5 million is astonishing to discover that from 1967 some college education, planned and pre­ of them, and of these 58 per cent never served through 1971, the five most tumultuous years pared for the move in advance, contacts in a day on active duty. Less than 12 per cent of the anti-war movement, only 4,495 men Canada, an ideology or philosophic ration­ was drafted. Fewer than one in three volun­ were convicted of draft-law violations. Thus, ale for their actions, money or marketable teered. Of the six million who did serve, only a huge majority_about 85 per cent-of skills, and considerable luck. [These were] about a third actually went to Vietnam-or draft-liable men avoided service in Vietnam, middle-class individuals." one out of seven in the total manpower pool and an immense majority of that huge ma­ Despite the wide variety of views about of the Vietnam war years. The other 8.5 mil­ jority did so by lawful means, by taking ad­ what we ought to do in the future with re­ lion escaped service in a variety of ways. vantage of deferment policies which were in­ spect to the Vietnam exiles, not many people Some simply stayed in college and graduate herently inequitable, skewed in favor of the seem to inquire as to what we have done school long enough to turn 26 and thus end brainy, the crafty, the wealthy and the edu­ about them in the past, to those we have al­ their draft liability. The rise in college at­ cated, and whose unfairness was multiplied ready caught. If there is to be a new policy, tendance was extraordinary-among males: by disparate administration. let us look at the results of the old policy be­ 29 per cent of 18- and 19-year-old American There remain the draft evaders and desert­ fore we proceed. boys were in college in 1963; the rate in­ ers, the sad human residue of our country's During 1967 and the next six years, more creased by more than a third, to 39 per cent, military adventure in Southeast Asia, a resi­ than 300,000 men classified as deserters re­ by 1969. It has since fallen back to 35 per due whose fate will be a divisive, anguishing turned to military control. The armed forces cent. No such surge occurred in the college issue until time or magnanimity or both have .define a deserter as anyone who is gone attendance of 18- and 19-year-old girls. The removed the issue from the national agenda. longer than 30 days, but to convict a man of conclusion is inescapable that the draft and No one really knows the size of the group or desertion requires proof beyond a reasonable the war propelled hundreds of thousands of where they all are or how many actually com­ doubt that he intended to stay away perma­ young men into college during 1965 to 1970 mitted an offense by departing or how many nently. Such proof is hard to come by, so who would not otherwise have attended. It is face prosecution on return. much so that, in the 10 years 1963 to 1973, Opponents of the Vietnam War tend to in­ there were only 3,919 prosecutions for deser­ flate the numbers of resisters while support­ 1 In July, 1966, President Johnson ap­ tion. In short, most "deserters" turn out to pointed a commission, chaired by former ers minimize them. As for draft evaders, be, and are dealt with as, A.W.O.L.'s. The De­ Assistant Attorney General Burke Marshall, whatever the "true,'' count, the effective fense Department does not keep track of to look into the fairness of the Selective Serv­ count at the beginning of 1974 was 5,119 un­ what subsequently happens to all the men ice System. The commission documented the der indictment and another 3,080 under in­ who "desert" and then come or are brought erratic and inequitable impact of the draft vestigation. There is no basis for confidently back. Their fates disappear into aggregated and in February, 1967, recommended appro­ estmating the number of draft resisters who statistics which totally resist disaggregation. priate change. That spring, Congress rejected simply slipped unnoticed between the cracks. However, the mmtary does keep a special the recommendations. Later under prodding Of the 8,199 cases pending in January, 1974, eye on its men who are known to have run from the Nixon Administration, the Congress an estimated 4,400 involved fugitives, with away to a foreign country, and it records adopted most of the Marshall Commission 3,000 thought to be in Canada. The number what happens to them when they come back. recommendation, and the law finally became of Vietnam era military deserters still at Through the end of 1973, it had located 4,194 fair just as it was about to expire. large is unknown. The Defense Department such men, 1,090 of whom were aliens who, for 34510 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1974 the most part, had simply gone back to their strings amnesty happened in 1830, when is a guide, most of the cases will be dis­ own countries and were discharged in President Andrew Jackson pardoned all de­ missed without ever coming to trial. If some absentia. Another 1,217 had returned to serters at large, but on condition that never Federal judge insists on sentencing a con­ United States mUltary control and the out­ again would they be eligible to serve in the victed violator to prison, the President can come of the disciplinary action against them armed forces. It is not known how many men see to his prompt parole. The handful of was known. were affected, but presumably all were agree­ Selective Service law violators in prison to­ It can be presumed that the soldier who able to the condition. day should be released at once. fiees in wartime to Sweden or Canada, de­ More usually, the Presidential act of grace Such a policy would do scarcely more than nounces the United States, and later sur­ has extended to those who have already been ratify what is already happening in 93 per renders himself back to the military is not convicted and served their time, or who re­ cent of the Selective Service cases, but it going to be particularly popular with his col­ turned to their units by such and such a would have the special virtue of ending the leagues in the armed forces. But the punish­ deadline, or who completed a year of hon­ mindless geographic variations in lenienc}' ment administered the 1,217 returnees does orable service in the armed forces and so (or severity) which now marks the disposi­ not seem remarkably severe; 44 per cent were forth. However, on at least two occasions, tion of draft law cases. There wm surely be not even prosecuted. Forty per cent served Presidential subordinates have offered some fugitives who wlll denounce the no time at all, 41 per cent were sentenced to blanket, unconditional amnesty to wartime thought that they should continue to be six months or less, and only 4.5 per cent re­ evaders or deserters. exposed to trial at all, but they ought to ceived sentences longer than 1 year (it is not A rarely cited Civil War amnesty came just listen to the words of Colonel Jones quoted known how many of those convicted were six months after Appomattox. It applied to at the beginning of this article: "Every charged with an unrelated crime committed draft evaders on the union side. The amnesty American can expect his fair day in court, prior to their departure) . Fifty-one per cent took the form of General Order No. 152, is­ and should expect nothing more or settle were given "bad" discharges, which cause the sued on October 17, 1865, by E. T. Townsend, for anything less." Finally, while we are e.t loss of veterans' benefits, while 49 per cent Assistant Adjutant-General. It read: it, let such wretches as the convict Calley were either eventually restored to duty or "Hereafter no person shall be arrested as go. Enough is enough. given "good" discharges. a deserter for having failed to report under What happens in Selective Service prosecu­ any draft, or for any other noncompliance tions? The following table tells part of the with the enrollment act or the amendments story: thereto. Any and all persons of this class now CASIMIR PULASKI, AMERICAN Convicted held w111 be immediately discharged." REVOLUTIONARY WAR HERO Fiscal year: Cases completed The most recent precedent is cited in none of the by now voluminous literature on am­ 1967 ------966 nesty. On April 8, 1959, the Army adopted a HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO 1968 ------1,192 policy to waive court-martial trial and issue 1969 ------1,744 administrative discharges to the remaining OF n.LINOIS 1970 ------2,833 World War II deserters, without their return IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1971 ------2,973 to mllitary control. The men affected-the Tuesday, October 8, 1974 1972 ------4,906 Army has no record of how many-were given 1973 ------3,495 undesirable discharges. Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, 195 1974 ------2,070 In deciding what to do about the 35,000 Convicted years ago on October 11, the great exiles, let us take care not to try to decide patriot and brilliant military leader Gen. [In percent] too much. There is no need to decide whether Piscal year: Casimir Pulaski, who assisted the Amer­ the war in Vietnam was moral or immoral, icans in their fight for freedom during 1967 ------75 or whether selective conscientious objection 1968 ------66 is after all permissible, or whether the sys­ the Revolutionary War, sacrificed his life 1969 ------52 tem of characterizing mllitary discharges in the cause of liberty. 1970 ------36 should be abolished, or what to do about Casimir Pulaski was born in the Prov­ 1971 ------35 Richard Milhous Nixon. All we need decide ince of Podolia in 17 48, and from his 1972 ------33 is whether to invite the 35,000 to rejoin earliest childhood demonstrated the 1973 ------28 America on some basis which is neither vin­ qualities of organization and leadership 1974 ------33 dictive nor vindicative. which were manifested all his life. Be­ Imprisoned Herewith a proposal. As to mllitary de· serters, let us do what the Army did concern­ fore he reached the age of 20, he had [In percent] organized a small group that fought val­ Fiscal year: ing World War II deserters during the Eisenhower Presidency, only let us do it iantly to prevent the partition of Poland. 1967 ------66 sooner rather than later. Specifically, for men However, his efforts were to no avail, and 1968 ------48 who left before Dec. 29, 1972-the date of he barely managed to escape with his 1969 ------31 the last involuntary induction into the 1970 ------16 life. armed forces--an option either to receive an In 1777, he met Benjamin Franklin in 1971 ------13 undesirable discharge without ever returning 1972 ------9 to mllitary control, or to rejoin their units Paris, and Franklin was so favorably im­ 1973 ------7 and take their chances on prosecution-the pressed, he gave Pulaski a letter of intro­ 1974 ------7 only possibllity of ultimately earning an hon­ duction to Gen. George Washington. It The table tells us that as time goes by, orable discharge. was Washington who suggested to the prosecutors, judges and juries have less and The deserter who both regards himself as Continental Congress that young Pulaski less enthusiasm for putting draft-law vio­ innocent of wrongdoing and is unwilUng to be entrusted with the grave responsi­ lators behind bars. Even so, much depends be tried by the mll1tary wlll protest that the bility of reorganizing the American cav­ on where the defendant is tried. In 1972, the offer of an undesirable discharge by mail is 27 cases completed in Connecticut resulted not much of an offer, but he cannot have it alry forces. This Pulaski accomplished in only 1 conviction, but in Idaho the figure both ways. Under present law, if he is to with such skill that he was placed in was 7 of 11, in Wyoming 0 of 7, Arkansas 9 be ineligible for veterans' benefits-and command of all our cavalry forces, and of 13, Alaska 0 of 10, Alabama (Northern) surely he has not earned them-the only way proceeded to distinguish himself in every 12 of 16 and Alabama (Southern) 0 of 3. to cut them off, without a trial, is with an subsequent encounter with the enemy. Going further, the rate of prison sentences for undesirable discharge. In the 11th Congressional District of draft violators convicted that same year was As to the draft-law violators, let them nunois, which I have the honor to rep­ 19 of 22 in North Carolina (Eastern) and come back with the assurance that the resent in the Congress, there exists a 0 of 10 for North Carolina (Western); 1n New Department of Justice wm oppose incarcera­ York (Southern) it was 15 of 45 and in New tion either pending trial or, if convicted, large Polish population. I have lived York (Western) 0 of 20; for Oregon it was thereafter. In a television interview on among the Polish people, I have nieces 23 of 29, Ohio 1 of 51, Wisconsin (Western) Aug. 26, Attorney General William B. Saxbe and nephews who have Polish fathers, 7 of 7 and so on. The hand of justice in the indicated he personally had already adopted and I am proud of my close affiliation nineteen-seventies is more appallingly un­ such a position; three days later he added with the Polish people. even than the collective hand of the 4,000 the thought that any returnee seeking From this close association, I have draft boards at work in the sixties. leniency should show some contrition, come to know the Poles as a courageous It seems time to get on with the binding up through either words or action. It seems to people, as a dedicated people, as a patri­ of the social wounds, but where should we me this exacts too much to no particular land between those who cry: "Everybody un­ purpose. The goal is not to secure apologies: otic people, as a religious people, and as conditionally," and those who insist: "No­ rather, it is to restore these people to the a warm and loving people. Their courage body ever"? Many Presidents have granted main stream, without making moral judg­ in the face of tyranny has been demon­ amnesties or the equivalent, but none seems ments on their past conduct. Where the law strated time and again over a span of ever to have done so totally and uncondi­ has been broken, it would be wrong to ignore centuries, their dedication to their prin­ tionally. The nearest thing to a blanket, no it, but if the history of the last several years ciples has not faltered in the face of October 8, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34511 overwhelming odds, their patriotism has afternoon. The story of Wednesday's armed Schultz said he had been in a grocery been manifested in their continuing robbery of a downtown jewelry store in store buying bread when first contacted which a gunman took a woman and a police about the robbery and hostages. struggle for a free Poland, and their de­ captain as hostages. "I got home 15 hours later without the votion to their church and to their fam­ It was a drama that ended with success. bread," he said. ilies is evident to us all. Officers were able to rescue the two hostages "After the ci1rama ended (at the capture) All of these characteristics serve to with the woman receiving only a minor the work began," Breen said, "a.n endless make up an extraordinary people, and injury. chain of paperwork." General Pulaski, as a descendant of the And when the story ended, Mayor Maurice Breen said he will recommend the three extraordinary Polish people, is a man Berlinsky said, "The fearless courage of our officers that were fired upon-Hamilton, Mau police department was unbelievable. We and Ryan-be cited for their work. to be remembered with pride and grati­ need idols like these men." The mayor said he would like to see a tue. In 1779, at the age of 31, Pulasld He recommended the police and fire com­ unit citation established and perhaps call gave up his life on the battlefield while mission establish a special unit citation for it "the Capt. Hamilton Award." leading his famous cavalry legion in the officers who participated in the action. "Today we all feel comfortable at what driving the British out of Savannah. Patrolman James Ryan, a tall young offi­ our police omcers were able to do," Berlin­ He neither lived to see victory achieved cer with two years at the department, was sky said. on the battlefield, nor did he live to see the first to speak. He was the beat officer America win her fight for independence, who spotted the initial action at the jewelry (From the Joliet (Ill.) Herald News, Sept. 15, yet his valiant efforts were instrumen­ store and radioed the message for backup. 1974] He seemed almost shy as he told his role. CHIEF BREEN PRAISES OFFICERS ON TEAMWORK tal in establishing this wonderful coun­ Later he drew laughs from the councilmen try of ours which recognizes and upholds as he told of "commandeering a service sta­ It was teamwork. the inherent dignity of man and the fun­ tion attendant's pants" to disguise himself Quick thinking pollee om.cers--with in­ damental rights of the individual. in the eastside chase. genuity and speed-performing like a well Capt. Charles Hamilton, an 18-year vet­ trained team helped to foil a holdup man's I am proud to join Americans of Polish escape this week as he held a gun to a woman descent in the 11th District, in Chicago, eran, told the bulk of the story. He was the officer who removed his service revolver and hostage's head, says Pollee Chief Fred Breen. and all over this Nation in commemorat­ drove the gunman and hostage from the Wednesday's drama includes Capt. Charles ing the 195th anniversary of General scene. Hamilton, unarmed, driving the gunman Pulaski's supreme and inspiring sacrifice For more than an hour he drove the gun­ and hostage around the eastside for more during our American War of Independ­ man around the east side while a gun was than an hour following the robbery of a ence. held at the woman hostage's head. downtown jewelry store. Hamilton praised fellow officers for com­ Meanwhile, countless pollee om.cers swung mandeering civlllan vehicles and disguising into action commandeering civilian vehicles themselves as the getaway car was kept and clothes to keep the get away car under JOLIET POLICE FOIL GUNMAN under survelllance. He said the gunman had constant survelllance. It ended with the suc­ no idea that many of the vehicles were filled cessful apprehension of the gunman and HON. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN with cops. only a minor injury to the woman hostage. "Talk of Toma (an undercover cop tele­ Breen had only praise for his officers. OF n.LINOIS vision show), they were there," Hamilton Speed, alertness, inltative, ingenuity, dedica­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES said. "There was everything but an lee cream tion, self-discipline, training, experience and education were just a few of the words he Tuesday, October 8, 1974 truck borrowed right there on the streets. "I saw (Sgt. Arthur) Schultz in a yellow used in describing the operation. Mr. O'BRIEN. Mr. Speaker, in recent cab and then in a dump truck. He was "And I suppose there was a bit of luck," months this country, and others, have there every time I turned around. I don't Breen added. been plagued by kidnapings. In some think they were ever more than three­ The operation was off to a quick start from quarters of a block away." the beginning, Breen said. cases the tactic was used for political Hamilton told how the gunman ordered He painted this picture. The gunman was purposes, in others, criminals have taken him to stop and get cigarettes for the woman in the basement with four hostages. Pollee hostages to bargain for money or free­ hostage. And how he gave him a dollar to had the area surrounded. The gunman want­ dom. Despite the valiant efforts of our pay for the cigarettes He said the service ed to keep the four hostages and he wanted law enforcement agencies, many lives station manager later sent the dollar to the a car. have been lost in these terrifying human pollee station and said, 'I don't want any "It was a warm day, the room was small, transactions. more of your business." he was under pressure and wanted to get out He said he feared if they ever left the of there," Breen said. Fortunately, this was not the case last city the gunman would shoot him. He said The car was promised, after police equip­ month when a gunman attempted to rob he kept talking to the gunman. ment and fuses from the radio were removed the Rice & Larsen jewelry store in Joliet, "I told him I'm a grandfather and I'm from the unmarked squad. Ill. Thanks to the courage and quick going to help you all I can," Hamilton said. Three hostages came to the top of the thinking of the Joliet police, the lives of Finally at 12 :40 p.m. Wednesday-at the steps, the gunman was stlll at the bottom four hostages were saved, although one intersection of Charlesworth and Meeker with the woman hostage. Breen ordered the woman suffered a painful, but minor leg­ Avenues-the gunman wanted to switch to three to run. a fourth car. Only the car chosen, at Hamil­ The gunman was angry when he saw the wound. ton's urging, was driven by disguised officers three were gone. I would like to commend every mem­ Ryan and Robert Mau. "He felt double-crossed," Breen said. ber of the department for the bravery, Mau-an experienced officer known for his But Breen and Hamilton "keep jiving" inventiveness, and selfless dedication marksmanship-took over the story then. with him and "not letting him have time they displayed in capturing the gunman He told how he sat in the car after the to think." and others involved in the case. In par­ getaway car pulled in front of him. How They wanted to keep him confused, Breen ticular, I want to commend Police Chief he sat with one hand on the steering wheel said. If not, the gunman may have taken Fred Breen, Capt. Charles Hamilton, who and the other holding his revolver. time to present "a list of demands as long as "He aimed his gun at me and said get your arm." was held hostage, Officer Robert Mau, out," Mau said, describing how he climbed Demands such as a car with radio, more who wounded the gunman and ended the out of the car holding his gun in his right guns and money. ordeal, and Officer James Ryan, who first hand behind him. "As I closed the door I "Outside, the area had gone from an armed discovered the robbery and radioed for fired and missed him and then put five confrontation to relative calm," Breen said, assistance. rounds through the door." noting marked squads and omcers had moved The following are two accounts of the Hamilton said at the same time he was back, but were in position for action. event published in the Joliet Herald pulllng the woman hostage from the back­ Once the eastside chase had started, Breen seat. He said one of Mau's shots went said, only one suggestion was made about News: through the gunman's legs and hit her in the commandeering civilian vehicles. [From the Joliet (Ill.) Herald News, foot "And the officers took it from there," he Sept. 15, 1974] "I went to see her in the hospital last said. POLICE COURAGE CITED IN ROBBERY· night and we were both crying like old They commandeered dump trucks, cabs, KIDNAPING home week," Hamilton said. postal cars, station wagons and even clothes (By John Whiteside) Schultz told how five more persons were to disguise themselves. Hamilton said the Their comments-more than 24 hours arrested later in the night through investi­ gunman had no idea the many vehicles in later-were both humorous and serious. gative work-including getting a search the area were filled with cops. Joliet police officers and Chief Fred Breen wMrant signed at 2 a.m. by Judge Michael "At the first suggestion, it didn't take long told their story to the city council Thursday Orenic. for everyone to fall in line," Breen said. "They 34512 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1974 took their shirts off, bared their chests and chokings seem to occur at a dining table CHROME SUPPLY AGAIN IN used private cars." and resemble a heart attack. Also, when JEOPARDY The quickness of disguises can be mus­ trated by Capt. Donald "Ziggy" Zier. Starting the method is applied, the obstruction out in a suit, he said he left his coat 1n one often pops out like a cork from a bottle. car, his tie in another and finally his shirt Numerous reports of lives saved have HON. PHILIP M. C'RANE in a. third car. come from such addresses as Chicago, "Paramount in all was the safety of the Seattle, Kansas City, Tennessee, Elm­ OF ll.LINOIS people involved," Breen said. "We could hurst, Ill., Belchertown, Mass., Washing­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have shot many times but restrained because ton, D.C., Republic of Korea, and Albu­ Tuesday, October 8, 1974 of the hostage." querque. Breen attributes much of the success to the I would like to take this opportunity to Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, soon the quick thinking of Hamilton, an 18 yeS~r vet­ House will consider a measure which eran, in the get away car. At one time when commend Dr. Heimlich for developing would reimpose the embargo on the im­ the car moved from the Richards Street area this life-saving method and encourage portation of chrome from Rhodesia. to Collins Street the car almost got out of wide distribution and publicity so that it sight. may be added to emergency first-aid sys­ For a variety of reasons, it is essential Breen said Hamil ton told the gunman the tems to save lives. that this measure be rejected. car needed gas. That gave police time to In 1967, the United States initially ad­ catch up, he said. In addition, Collins Street hered to the embargo declared by the leads toward Lockport. United Nations on all products from The police chief admitted he was glad it Rhodesia. At the time the embargo went was an older experienced officer involved "DEAR MR. FORD'' when the actual confrontation took place. into effect the price of metallurgical Officer Robert Mau who shot the gunman grade chrome ore--per short ton-of our 1s a 17-yea.r police veteran and one of the HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK imports from the Soviet Union, the only better shots in the department, Breen said. other important producer of this prod­ "He (Mau) knew that was it and lt was OF CALIFORNIA uct, stood at $39.87. With the imposition split second timing," Breen said. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the embargo, the Congress gave the "The complete operation shows the hlgh Tuesday, October 8, 1974 Soviet Union a tacit monopoly of the level of intelligence in the department," market. When the Byrd amendment-­ Breen said. "This is because we have better Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I would like educated police officers now. There 1s no to share with my colleagues the thoughts permitting the importation of Rhodesian doubt we have higher tralnlng and educa­ chrome--was adopted in 1971, the Rus­ of one of my constituents, Mary Patricia sians had arbitrarily raised their chrome tional levels than previous years." Peralta of Livermore, Calif., on Presi­ He said many off-duty officers responded prices to $68.49, approximately a 60-per­ to the emergency. Not a one has requested dent Ford's pardoning of Mr. Nixon. I believe her quandary over the equal ap­ cent increase. By last year, through the overtime pay, he said. competition offered once again by the "I didn't have to tell anyone twice wha~ plicability of American justice is shared to do," he concluded. "All were outstanding by many Americans. It is now Congress Rhodesian market, the price had de­ in the way they reacted." · responsibility to regain this faith in our clined to $51.73 per ton. constitutional principles. Discussing the embargo, the Phoenix LIVERMORE, CALIF., Gazette has noted that: October 2,1974. The initial U.N. action was to protest DEAR MR. STARK: I have been very upset Rhodesia's white minority government, but A NEW LIFE-SAVING TECHNIQUE since that day when President Ford pardoned the U.N. never Imposed sanctions against Mr. Nixon. totalitarian "Ininority" Communist govern­ When ever I am upset, I sit down and write ments. Although the sanctions were sup­ HON. DONALD D. CLANCY about what ever 1s bothering me. This writ­ posed to be observed by all U.N. members, OF OHIO ing usually ends up as poetry of a sort. Russla continued to buy chrome ore from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I wrote the enclosed verses for Mr. Ford. the Rhodesians. However I have not sent them to hlm. I feel Repeal of the Byrd amendment would Tuesday, October 8, 1974 that they would never reach hlm. I would like all of the Government workers, from the mean windfall profits to the Soviet Mr. CLANCY. Mr. Speaker, a Cincin­ Union. It would also mean U.S. depend­ nati doctor has discovered and proposed President on down to know how a little old lady in California feels about the way justice ence upon the Soviet Union for chro­ a life-saving technique which has al­ is handled in Washington. mium ore which, as the Phoenix Gazette ready saved many lives and which prom­ Thank you for reading my letter. You are points out: ises to save the lives of thousands who a man with good honest thoughts and deeds. Is not found in the United States but 1s might otherwise choke to death every God bless you and help you in your work. v1:ta.l to the production of planes, subma.rlnes, year. Sincerely yours, Inissiles and other strategic weapons. The technique is called the "Heimlich MARY PATRICIA PERALTA. The national interest demands that we maneuver" after Dr. Henry Heimlich, ell­ DEAR MR. FORD reinstitute the embargo against Rhode­ recto-- of surgery at Jewish Hospital, Cin­ My Dear Mr. Ford, sian chrome. cinnati, Ohio. The maneuver consists of Won't you please tell me, standing behind a choking victim, grip­ Why you let Mr. Nixon I wish to share with my colleagues the Get off scott free. thoughtful editorial on this subject ping both arms around the victim's waist which appeared in the September 25, above the belt line, one hand grasping Is he any diffe1"ent, the other wrist. The method is to rapidly Were the laws not meant 1974 edition of the Phoenix Gazette, and and strongly press the other hand, For all who do wrong insert it into the REcORD at this time: formed in a fist, into the victim's dia­ And to prison are sent. CHROME SUPPLY AGAIN IN JEOPARDY phragm just below the ribs. I think of the men When the United Nations voted economic In the instances where this method has Who worked under hlm. sanctions against Rhodesia in 1967 the United been used, it has sharply compressed the Who obeyed all his orders States foolishly knuckled under to the U.N. lungs and expelled the matter which was And now slt ln the pen. edict. Thus this nation lost lts supply of choking the victim. In all known cases How about draft evaders fairly priced, high-grade chrome untll three since Dr. Heimlich announced the Who ran from the war. years ago when Sen. Harry F. Byrd Jr. of Vir­ method last June in Emergency Medicine WUI you pardon them too, ginia got Congress to approve resumed U.S. WUl you open their door. trade with Rhodesia. magazine, all potential victims have sur­ Now the U.S. again faces loss of the Rho­ vived. Nearly 4,000 persons die annually Why not close all the prisons, desian chrome supply. Since passage of the by choking on substances caught in their Set all prisoners free. Byrd amendment, the Senate has twice voted throats, the sixth largest cause of acci­ Or were laws only meant for repeal, and now the House Foreign M­ dental deaths. For poor people llke me. fairs Committee ha.s voted for repeal. Dr. Heimlich developed the technique If The initial U.N. action was to protest Rho­ you call thls justice, desia's white Ininority government, but the with research on beagles at Jewish Hos­ If this is the way, U.N. never imposed sanctions against totali­ pital's Esophagus Center. He published That you use your power, tarian "minority" Communist governments. his findings in an article entitled "Pop It's Indeed a sad day. Although the sanctions were supposed to be goes the cafe coronary," because most -MARY PATRICIA PERALTA. observed by all U.N. roembers, Russia con- October 8, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34513 tinued to buy chrome ore from the Rhode­ falls--Conservation and Cultural Affairs budget, which was now being analysed by the sians. Commissioner, Hortense Rowe. Finance Committee of the Tenth Legislature. In fact, the 1967 U.N. action was a boon to The Commissioner did not get directly in­ Various sums are earmarked for Highway Russia, which became the world's principal volved in the current controversies but went beautification on all three islands in signifi­ chrome supplier. The U.S. had to buy 60 per through great detail to emphasize the role of cant impact areas. cent of its requirements from the Soviet her Department in the overall scheme of She also spoke of the necessity to develop Union, and the price shot from $30 to $72 a things. in our people, a sense of national pride as a. ton. Much of the chrome was Rhodesian, and From a Cultural viewpoint, Commissioner people, something which 1s greatly lacking Russia acted as the middleman. Rowe said that her Department was commit­ today. She then sadly referred to a recent During the past three years the U.S. has ted "to preserve and protect the cultural and incident in St. Thomas where several plants bought some 500,000 tons of chrome directly historic heritage of the people of the Virgin put down by her department for beautifica­ from Rhodesia at fair market prices. During Islands. We expect to do this through con­ tion of a project were instantly removed by the Russian chrome swindle the U.S. taxpayer tinuing research to document significant people. got socked an additional $15 million because activities and accomplishments of heroic National pride, as she saw it, was neces­ of the action of an international body. Virgin Islanders and to disseminate the in­ sary for the development of these islands, Chromium ore Is not found in the United formation to the public through schools, and if heed was not taken, pretty soon, all States but is vital to the production of libraries and museums. would be lost. planes, submarines, missiles and other "We also expect to establish a Virgin Is­ She said, "the same feeling of pride which strategic weapons--as well as in the manu­ lands Archival system to preserve and pro­ one gets through ownership, should be am­ facture of many U.S. products. tect among other things, all government doc­ plified into considering the community as a Among those fighting pro-U.N. anti-Rho­ uments which constitute an integral part of whole." She added, "the streets should be an desia members of Congress Is Rep. John the present history of the Virgin Islands," amplification of our homes." Conlan, R-Ariz., who believes that the United she said. In this respect, she spoke glowingly about States-not the United Nations-should con­ Going further Into revealing the plans of the Youth Conservation Corps, a pilot pro­ trol u.s. foreign policy. Yet there are those the Department, Commissioner Rowe said, gram which was introduced last summer for in Congerss who believe that U.N. actions "consistent with the above, we also have a the first time. "Aim of this project," he said, have the same standing as a "provision of rigorous Virgin Islands Museum plan as well "was to develop an awareness for the envi­ our own Constitution." If that's the case, the as a territorial archeological excavation and ronment." She explained that if we could U.S. wlll be at the mercy of the Communist preservation plan. inculcate in the youth the necessity for pre­ world. "We expect," she continued, "to house the serving environment, then half the battle various segments of the Virgin Islands Muse­ for future conservation practices would have um network in historic buildings--these been won. MISS HORTENSE M. ROWE, VIRGIN buildings have already been surveyed, some RECREATION ISLANDS COMMISSIONER OF CON­ are owned by the V.I. Government and others The definition given by Commissioner are privately owned." Rowe for her Department's role in recrea­ SERVATION AND CULTURAL AF­ Miss Rowe, then went on to explain the FAIRS tion was: "to provide fully designed and restoration program now going on at Fort planned recreational fac111ties, first to those Frederik in Frederiksted which is part of a communities where no such facilities exist. HON. RON DE LUGO master plan for restoration work on other They do not exist through no fault of the government-owned property of historical Department, but rather as a result of poor OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS value. planning knowingly or unknowingly by re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES She added that part of that plan also in­ cent developers of residential communities cluded restoration of privately-owned prop­ Tuesday1 October 81 197 4 in the Virgin Islands." erty of historical value. She said however She added that her Department was also Mr. DE LUGO. Mr. Speaker, certainly that those not acquired by the government, committed to upgrading the existing facil­ many of my distinguished colleagues would be jointly restored by the government ities and to gearing programs as well as facil­ would be interested to know that our and the private owners. ities so that they begin to turn out profes­ Virgin Islands, since 1493, has been under "Many things we need," warned the Com­ sional athletes. missioner, "as it relates to Cultural Preser­ The Commissioner said that besides the the political control of six European vation, are still being developed, for in­ countries-Spain, France, Holland, Eng­ physical development of recreational facil­ stance, we are now working on the Virgin ities, her Department was also committed to land, Denmark and presently the United Islands Antiquities Law, which will be pre­ the development and implementation of ac­ States-and one joint venture, namely sented to the Legislature shortly." tivtties which will improve the quality of the Knights of Malta. Throughout the She then referred to the completion of the our athletes. centuries, however, it was the peoples of Virgin Islands Historical Site Register as one of her cultural goals. This would mean a Asked about the proposed Sports Council, African descent who were the predomi­ complete inventory of all historic places and she said, "It could only serve to strengthen nant inhabitants and contributors to the things in the Virgin Islands. the efforts of the Government and act as a development of these beautiful islands of The Commissioner then disclosed that to­ liaison between the Government and the which we are so proud. An inevitable con­ wards the end of this year, the Virgin Islands existing Sports Federations of the island. I sequence of this historical interplay has should be receiving more than 10 tons of V.I. support it." been the creation and development of our artifacts excavated in the early 1900s and Commissioner Rowe was born in Frederik­ presently stored in the basement of the sted, the first of seven children. She is the unique Virgin Islands culture. daughter of Hugh Milligan of the Water and It is with great pride, therefore, that Danish National Museum. "These will be housed in our various museums here," she Power Authority. She is a past pupil of St. I can share with my colleagues the sig­ said. Patrick's in Frederiksted and a graduate of nificant strides our Honorable Commis­ Asked about cultural exchange, Miss Rowe Inter-American University in Puerto Rico sioner of Conservation and Cultural M­ smilingly replied, "You cannot live in a vac­ with a degree in economics and Business Ad­ fa1rs, Miss Hortense M. Rowe, is making uum. There are certain countries which have ministration. She also did post-graduate within that local department to collect, contributed to the cultural development of work in Accounting at the University of the Virgin Islands over the years which we Puerto Rico. conserve and preserve every available Prior to accepting the Commissionership evidence of our Virgin Islands heritage must recognize. We have our cultural ex­ changes with some countries, we don't have In February 1972, Miss Rowe worked with the despite the obvious difficulties and ob­ with all, but it is our hope to expand im­ now defunct VICORP and then as Resident stacles involved. It is beyond saying measurably in this area." Manager of a Christiansted CPA firm. 1s that Commissioner Rowe is committed CONSERVATION Although accounting and business her to live up to the pledge she made to our first love, she accepted the job because "I had Swinging the interview to the area of Con­ every confidence I could do the job. I man­ people to do the job she has accepted. servation, the Commissioner described the I am pleased to insert in the RECORD age the Department systematically. Inciden­ tale of her Department as one to "enforce tally this was Miss Rowe's first government at this point: all existing laws dealing with air and water job. [From the Virgin Islands Post, Oct. 1, 1974J pollution, oil spUls, fish and Wildlife preser­ She added that it was never her intention HoRTENSE RoWE: CoNSERVATION CoMMIS­ vation, shoreline alteration and Jn general, to make the job a career, but there are cer­ protecting the natural resources of these Vir­ SIONER IN CONTROVERSY tain things she has started which she would gin Islands, which I consider to be irre­ (By Vernon Khelawan) placeable." like to finish, "but nevertheless since ([ work With all the controversy now being stirred Miss Rowe then pointed out that the De­ with systems, things are in such a position up between the Executive Branch and the partment was not presently satisfied with the that anyone can pick up." Legislature about the purchases of "Denmark municipal landscaping 1n the islands a.nd Finally, in answer to my question about Hlll" and the "Hull Bay Site," I spoke to the towards improving this area., the Department her commitment, Miss Rowe said, "My lady in whose Department the whole thing was wattling on the Conse·rvat1on Fullld strongest commitment at this time for Cul- 34514 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1974 tural and Historical Preservation is that handling of the dramatic and traumatic or other suppliers with legitimate advan­ herein lies the unique dtiferences of the Vir­ Soviet purchase of American wheat, have tages over U.S. producers. gdn Islands and its people and we ought to sparked wide and open reassessments of our And international rules of fair competi­ be proud of them and sell them to every in­ East-West trade. tion must include enforceable commitments dividual who comes here, so that we can To engage or not to engage in it is not the to basic labor standards, including assurance better understand each other, thus setting question. This trade and investment is bene­ the standards reflect rising productivity. the style for a harmonious living, working ficial, and can be more so, for economic pur­ Clear rules and playing together." poses but also as an essential part of East­ West foreign policy. The real issue is how far Russia and other countries of the "East" we should go, and how quickly, in releasing have played by Western rules when these the goods, capital, and technology the Soviet were cl~arly established. The Russians have TWO VIEWS OF EAST-WEST TRADE Union so eagerly seeks. marketed diamonds like a capitalist cartel. Also, how far we should go in expanding Their purchase of a fourth o! the U.S. wheat dependence on critical materials from the crop at low prices is an embarrassing remind­ Soviet Union, how much aid to give through er of their adaptability. HON. RICHARD T. HANNA East is East and West is West (to adapt OF CALIFORNIA U.S. credits to help finance Soviet purchases of U.S. capital equipment, and how much Kipling to another context) and the twain, IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES access to allow Soviet manufactured goods in having already met, should get better ac­ Tuesday, October 8, 1974 the U.S. market. quainted culturally and more closely associ­ There is warranted concern over the ex­ ated economically. We should seek to foment Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, I wish to tent to which access to U.S. crops and equip­ a new revolution among the Russian peo­ bring to the attention of my colleagues ment, particularly with easy financing terms, ple--a revolution of rising expectations. A two articles which appeared in the Au­ permits the Soviets to maintain or increase more liberal East-West trade pollcy is a gust 14, 1974, Christian Science Monitor. their heavy military outlays. major, perhaps the best, route--one we The articles present conflicting views on Expansion of East-West trade is important should travel confidently but cautiously. the merits and problems of East-West to peace, but we should have no lllusions about the effect of closer economic relations trade, especially in relation to the busi­ CON: EUROPEAN BUSINESSES CHASED ONLY on the political and m111tary decisions of a WILL-0' -THE-WISP PROFITS nesses involved. dictatorial government aggressively ambi­ The Congress has been debating the tious in its foreign policy. (By Oscar E. Boline) issue of most-favored-nation treatment Nor should we nurture any illusions about Over the past 20 years, many West Euro­ for Eastern bloc countries for a number U.S. trade controls as a restraint on Soviet pean businessmen have heeded the will-o'­ of years. This Congress once again finds acquisition of needed supplies or as leverage the-wisp call of East-West trade. itself embroiled in this delicate issue. I to get Moscow to reform its treatment of Soon they were bogged down in a mire of Soviet citizens. (We should exert appropriate, scanty profits, confusion, disappointment, believe my colleagues wlll find the at­ carefully calculated efforts to persuade Rus­ and mounting costs. The glitter turned out tached two articles worthwhile: sia to modernize its morality, not just its to be mica, not real gold. [From the Christian Science Monitor, economy.) Now the United States is being tempted by Aug. 14, 1974] the same promise of El Dorado. It too may Factors to weigh Two VIEWS OF WESTERN TRADE WITH EAST well be quickly disillusioned. With cautious optimism, we should vigor­ Back in 1957, Nlkita s. Khrushchev prom­ PRO: A STIMULUS TO EVEN MORE TWO-WAY TRADE ously pursue opportunities for closer trade ised prosperity to all who would trade with (By David J. Steinberg) and other contacts with the Communists. the Soviet Union and its East European bloc. The cold war has thawed somewhat, and But the degree of assistance we give them in Every European country except Portugal re­ the Iron Curtain has become porous. But financing equipment for development should sponded eagerly, often pouring public funds the Soviet Union is stm more or less what be weighed against: into East-West promotion. Winston Churchill called it 35 years ago: 1. The ability of these countries to invest Generalities plenttjul "a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an more of their own capital. enigma." 2. The need for these U.S. funds for de­ Agreements full of generalities about big Most American businessmen who have ex­ velopment here at home. deals and peace and friendship were signed. plored business deals with the Russians, even 3. The job and profit opportunities in us­ Trade promotion offices were opened in both successfully, might agree, wondering about ing such funds for development projects in East and West Europe. Technical-exchange the intentions and motives of the Soviet countries more dependably friendly to the agreements were signed and joint study Government and the implications for U.S. United States. groups formed. security and world peace. At that time, 1958, world exports to the 4. The extent to which contracts may be Soviet bloc were almost on a par with those American businessmen, however, are no lost to competing Western suppliers for lack more responsive to expanding opportunities to Norway and Sweden. That is ridiculously of attractive U.S. financing terms. low considering the 350 million Soviet-bloc for selling and investing in the Soviet Union We should be wary of 111-founded threats inhabitants and a mere 12 million in the two and other Communist countries than their that U.S. failure to provide the requested government allows them to be. It is Wash­ Scandinavian countries. terms will mean losing contracts to competi­ Even by 1972 the trade drive put exports ington's Job to set the sights, the rules, and tors in Western Europe and Japan. It may to the bloc only slightly above those to Nor­ the policies to ensure that what is good for in some cases, but it may not. Among other way and Sweden. the corporation is above all good for the factors, the cup of West European and Japa­ country. nese capital is not exactly running over. Increases compared Exports to Communist countries (as else­ Many Americans, fearful of rising competi­ During the last five years exports to Nor­ where) are good for U.S. jobs, productivity, tion from free-world producers, are especially way and Sweden rose 74.23 percent, in step income, and overall economic strength. fearful of Communist country exports, made with the total world increase, while those Imports from the Communists help satisfy by low-wage labor and under a system that to the Soviet bloc rose only 51.67 percent. consumer demand, meet growing needs for does not permit foreign examination of costs The West Europeans' expectation fell short scarce materials, combat inflation, and fi­ and pricing to determine whether dumping because they overlooked the well-publicized nance exports to those countries. U.S. invest­ or subsidy has taken place. economic plans and failed to study the aims ments in these areas, by developing resources Raw materials from these countries are of the bloc's Communist leaders. These plans and raising standards of living, can stimu­ most welcome, and usually accepted duty­ rule out a two-way trade, such as West late two-way trade if the Communists will free. Tariffs on other goods are high, much Europe sought and needed for growth. let it happen. higher (except for Poland and Yugoslavia) Americans who look for two-way trade be­ The whole process of East-West trade and than the treatment accorded non-Commu- tween the Soviet bloc and this country are interdependence is essential to cooperation nist suppliers. j headed for even greater disappointment than in tackling the spectrum of world problems, Normalizing trade--charging the same their European counterparts. The reason iS, not least the need to prevent war and build tariffs applied to the rest of the world­ this country has few of the tariff and trade a durable peace. would help expand imports now blocked by barriers West Europeans maintain to protect Cautious moves high duties. their industrial base. These barriers keep out any overflow of products produced by the Knowing what we know about Soviet pol­ Long-term possibilittes cheap, controlled labor of the Soviet bloc. icy, and justlfi.a.bly apprehensive about what Some of these imports would pose no we don't know, we have moved cautiously problem of competition for U.S. industry. Profits, not economy in relaxing controls over U.S. exports of Others, however, might. But such possibil­ On the other hand, for Americans content goods, capital, and know-how to the East ities are more long-term than immediate. to look for figures showing trade expansion, bloc. In any event, ways must be found to pro­ with little or no regard for the adverse effects Some critics in the administration, Con­ tect U.S. industries against unfair competi­ of East-West trade on Americans' jobs, gress, business, and elsewhere say we have tion. Adjustment policies are needed to pro­ Soviet-bloc trade wlll be just what their not been cautious enough. Soviet policy in tect U.S. workers and communities unable to economist ordered. the Middle East war of 1973, and recent U.S. cope with fair competition from Communist The Communists made it clear, as current October 8, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34515 five-year plans and long-term plans were "Made in the U.S.S.R." The sale will be wife, that her husband "was alive" although discussed and begun, that every effort would greatly abetted if Congress grants MFN, as there were unconfirmed reports that he had be made to improve domestic output and President Nixon has been urging. died. build a strong industrial base. The net result to the American economy: Countless organizations and oustanding How? Western firms would bring multi­ An already hard-pressed domestic industry individuals throughout the world, including national operations to the bloc. In these, the will find it even more difficult to exist­ a substantial number of leaders of American firms contribute their latest equipment, tech­ ironically so, via tariff, credit, and financial academic, professional and labor groups, as nology, markets, etc. The Soviet-bloc firms concessions granted in the name of the well as many U.S. legislators have raised contribute the plants, cheap labor, and raw American taxpayer. their voices in defense of Valentyn Moroz, materials, the products to be sold almost and demanded his release. exclusively in the West. On August 22, the Hon. Robert Taft, Jr. No raw materials of Ohio, introduced in the U.S. Senate a reso­ The Communist Party stressed that the UKRAINIAN POLITICAL lution (S. Res. 392), caJ.ling on the U.S. Gov­ bloc must not become an exporter of raw PRISONERS ernment to express its concern for "the materials. The party does not support un­ safety and freedom of Valentyn Moroz." trammeled trade. And free trade is taboo. We appeal to you, Sir, to join senator In essence the party expects to develop HON. WILLIAM F. WALSH Taft as a cosponsor of his resolution, or to Eastern Europe into an industrial area in sponsor your own resolution calling for the OF NEW YORK immediate release of Va.lentyn Moroz, who which Western firms can manufacture for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Western markets, profiting from cheap con­ has been sentenced to 14 years at hard l-abor, trolled labor, fixed prices, and abundant raw Tuesday, October 8, 1974 and who has been beaten and tortured be­ materials. · cause of his refusal to recant his critical To attract Western firms, six types of Mr. WALSH. Mr. Speaker, during my views of the Soviet regime in Ukraine. "cooperative agreements" have been devised. first term in the House of Representa­ We ask you, Sir, in the name of justice Each is based on the principle of manufac­ tives I have been made aware and be­ and humanity, to voice your concern for turing in the East a line, or components of come very concerned about the plight of Valentyn Moroz and urge our government a line, of products now manufactured in the thousands of Ukrainians being held po­ and President Ford to intervene for his re­ West. The agreements range from simple lease. litical prisoners by the Soviet Union. Our government has agreed to provide commission work to joint ventures in third These people are being tortured and countries. huge economical and technological aid 1';(1) abused solely for their political beliefs the USSR. In return we Should ask it to at Small-scale industries and this is contrary to every principle least apply humane treatment to Ukrainian In 1972 I completed a study on these ven­ for which the United States stands. At political prisoners, and to release those, like tures, which by then had surpassed 600. For the request of a Ukrainian organization Valentyn Moroz and Leonid Plyushch, who the most part they were small-scale opera­ in my congressional district I have are being driven to insanity and slow death. tions such as making glassware, or relatively We urge you again, Sir, to introduce your simple operations such as making fibers and written to Secretary of State Henry Kis­ resolution for the release of Va.lentyn Moroz labor-intensive apparel. singer asking him to use his bargaining and Leonid Plyushch. Thank you. Most West European firms have been re­ position with Soviet officials to seek the For the Ukrainian Congress Committee of luctant to accept the cooperative offers. A release of these political prisoners. America: major reason is nationalistic ties and their The letter I recently received from Dr. S. J. KLUFAS, governments' stress on preserving the indus­ that Ukrainian organization expresses President. trial base. their plea more el<>quently than I can M. MYKYTYN, In the mid-1960's Soviet-bloc planners told Secretary. me they did not expect much from Europeans and I would like to share that letter with in developing large-scale industry. Instead you: ------they look to the Americans. They cited the UKRAINIAN CONGRESS COMMITTEE DOCTOR SUPPLY FACES THREAT­ growing nonstate character of the American OF AMERICA, INC., PART firms, claiming they look only for profit with Syracuse, N.Y., October 6, 1974. m no regard for the American economy and Hon. WILLIAM F. WALSH, social structure. Time, they insisted, was on U.S. Congressman, House of Representatives, HON. JOSEPH P. VIGORITO their side. Washington, D.C. Lures dangled DEAR CONGRESSMAN WILLIAM WALSH: We, OF PENNSYLVANIA The disintegration of the dollar and rising the undersigned officers of the Ukrain1an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Western European production costs are being Congress Committee of America in Syracuse, Tuesday, October 8, 1974 used by the Soviet-bloc promoters to help N.Y., representing several hundreds of Amer­ attract American manufacturing. ican citizens of Ukrainian origin in our com­ Mr. VIGORITO. Mr. Speaker, I want There is an obstacle: the fatlure of Con­ munity, appooJ. to you to intervene with to join Dr. Robert Lasher, chief of surgi­ gress to grant to the Soviets, and some other President Ford and the State Department on cal staff at St. Vincent Hospital, in his bloc members, most-favored-nation (MFN) behalf of Ukrainian political prisoners who opposition to the termination of the resi­ treatment on credit, trade, and tariffs. are barbarously trealted in Soviet jatls and concentration camps. dency program at St. Vincent Hospital. I The Soviets and other MFN proponents do think my colleagues may be interested not publicly state how really essential MFN In the period between 1970 and 1973 some is to the Soviets. Perhaps they feel a wave of 600 Ukrainian intellectuals, young men and in two articles printed in the October 30 U.S. domestic protectionism would wash women, were arrested, tried in secret trials and November 1, 1973, editions of the Erie away their hopes. and sentenced to harsh terms of imprison­ Morning News: The Kiev tableware and hollowware plants ment for "anti-Soviet agitation and propa­ HOSPITAL To CHALLENGE ON RESIDENCY ganda." In reality, these young men and under construction in the Soviet Union are (By George Canton!) a good example of the tactics being used to women are being punished for criticizing the obtain MFN. The Soviet request for bank police terror, the Russification of Ukraine St. Vincent Hospital officials plan to chal­ credits to buy American tools and dies to and the violatlons of human rights as de­ lenge the refusal of a three-group advisory fined by the U.S. Universal Declaration of committee to further its sanction of the hos­ build the plants had the open support of top pital's surgical residency program. Washington trade officials. They enthusiasti­ Human Rights and the Soviet constitution. cally pointed to this deal as one that would They are sent to jatls, concentration camps The surgical residency program at the local · raise tl;le standard of the Russian people, as and ''psychiatric wards" because of their hospital was discontinued on July 1, 1972, protests against the suppression of national, and, after two appeals, the committee has if to say it would put knives and forks on the stm refused sanction. tables of Russia. religious and cultural rights and freedoms. Among them are two intellectuals, Valen­ "The three-group committee has never The market: United States tyn Moroz, 38-year-old Ukrainian historian, been challenged before," said Dr. Gary Lyons, However, after the multimUUon-dollar deal and Leonid Plyushch, 35-year-old Ukrainian coordinator of surgical education at St. Vin­ to equip several factories had been completed mathematician, who are reported "near cent, "but we plan to challenge it." and financing arranged through U.S. banks, death" from starvation and adminlstrattion Sr. Mary Margaret, administrator at the the Soviet official who handles consumer­ of dangerous drugs! hospital, said she hopes to do "whatever can goods exports to the U.S. told me 100 percent Since July 1, 1974, Valentyn Moroz has be done to get that residency program back. of the output was earmarked for the U.S. been on a hunger strike in Vladimir Prison. "There is no question that we want to get domestic market. The first deliveries were He has stated that he will refuse food "unttl the residency program back as quickly and scheduled for 1976. death," unless he is transferred to a concen­ as rapidly as possible. Incidentally, the dies the Russians chose tration camp! "The surgical residency program is central were !or making traditional U.S. lines. Thus On September 18, 1974, The New York to the hospital's needs to maintain the qual­ at bicentennial time, gift shops in this coun­ Times reported from Moscow tha.t the Soviet ity of physician education and continued try may be selling Paul Revere vases stamped authorities informed Mrs. Raisa Moroz, his quality of medical care," she said. 34516 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1974 The residency question is one of several The national advisory review cominlttee re­ Billerica, Lowell, Lexington, Bedford, items to be discussed by the state medical fused the hospital's 6.pylicp,tion and reappli­ board when it meets in Erie Thursday eve­ cations three times. Concord, Acton, Littleton, Tewksbury. ning at Cannon's Zurn Hall at 7:30 p.m. "But during that two and one-half year Dracut, and Lawrence. For example, 1n Stressing that the loss of sanction does not period we made quite a few changes and im­ one town I discovered that 10,000 ex­ reflect on the professional competency of provements," Dr. Lasher said, "yet we con­ cise tax bills were mailed out, and a few the hospital staff, the committee apparently tinued to get the same type of response out hours later 5,000 were returned "Unde­ feels the residency program does not provide of Chicago." liverable." In addition, one of my con­ a high enough level of "educational experi­ Dr. Lasher said the review committees have stituents did not receive her property tax ence" for the trainee, according to Dr. Lyons. been "inconsistent" in appraising of the hos­ bill until2 days before it was due, and as Dr. Lyons said the three-group commit­ pital's abillty to provide adequate medical tee-made up of representatives of the Amer­ education programs. a result, she almost lost her home. Just ican Medical Association, the American Col­ "The review committee of general surgery recently a letter came to my office from lege of Surgery and the Graduate Committee said our education program was not ade­ a constituent in Acton, who registered on Education and Surgery-decided the hos­ quate, but the review committee on colon and insured a letter in May for $3,000. pital's surgical residency program was defi­ and rectal surgery-a sub-specialty of our The letter was lost within the Acton Post cient. general surgery program-approved a new Office and never even left the building. After the three-group committee turned residence program in the area," Dr. Lasher This constituent, despite the many let­ down the hospital's reapplication twice, said. Lyons said he wrote to the Pennsylvania "Here we have two of these national ad­ ters he has written, has never received Board of Medical Education and Licensure. visory comini ttees-one taking a residency his $3,000 or any satisfaction at all from "It's the duty of the state medical board to program away and the other giving us a pro­ the post office. determine if the program has merit," Dr. gram," the St. Vincent physician said. "It There is room for blame in many areas Lyons said. "We don't think the (three­ doesn't make sense. of the postal system. However. after my group) committee has the legal right to make "Yet there is no appeal of this commit­ interviews I came to the conclusion that that judgment. They should serve as a na­ tee's decision," Dr. Lasher said. "We can't it is much more important to solve the tional advisor." sit down with them and argue points that are problems than to aflx blame. I found Instead, Lyons said, the Graduate Commit­ so vague we can't find out what they are tee on Education and Surgery "decided they talking about." most postal employees at the local level were the creditors for surgery residency pro­ Wllliam H. Ennis, administrator at Hamot giving their very best many times under grams." Medical Center, said Hamot officials are stay­ very trying circumstances. Unfortu­ The St. Vincent Hospital official said the ing out of the controversy. "We're pretty well nately, there is a disturbing lack of pro­ American Medical Association "has been sym­ securea," he said. fessionalism in the upper levels of the pathetic to the residency program at St. Dr. Lasher apparently disagrees with the postal system. What is needed are fewer Vincent," especially since Dr. Russell Roth, Hamot administrator, saying, "This doesn't political appointees at the top and more a staff member at the hospital and presi­ only involve St. Vincent Hospital in general dent of the national professional body, took surgery. postal professionals, not businessmen, up the cause for the local hospital. "St. Vincent Hospital has been trying to who have had much experience at the "But they can't impose their feelings on get a residency in internal medicine for years, local level. Under the old system the another group, and all three have the same and all we've been getting is a big runa­ Postmaster General was a political ap­ amount of power ln this thing," Dr. Lyons round," Dr. Lasher said. He said Hamot 1S pointee with postal professionals under said. getting the same runaround in its requests him that got the work done. Now we have He said refusing the continuation of the for residency programs in internal medicine businessmen as the political appointees local hospital's residency program was part and family practice. at all the upper management levels and of a systematic plan to "gradually try to The St. Vincent surgeon said the two hos­ eliminate the community hospital from hav­ pitals have joint residency programs in ob­ no postal professionals, and the work is ing any teaching programs." stetrics-gynecology, urology and colon and not getting done. "We have all the best equipment that any rectal surgery. I encountered more problems when the medical university has, but we also have clini­ Dr. Lasher sees the "battle" as a philosoph­ local post offices were controlled by a cal materials-patients. We may not have all leal one between the university medical set­ metropolitan post office-Boston. in this the famous researchers, but we have the pa­ up and the community hospital medical edu­ case-than when the post offices were tients," the hospital official said. cation program. "But the review cominlttee autonomous. Perhaps, this could be an "We hope to establish a medical educa­ is basically made up of university surgeons," area for reform-more locally controlled tion environment in this area which will at­ he said. "This is the crux of the situation. tract young medical men. And we have a Sr. Mary Margaret, St. Vincent admin­ post offices. handsome core of physicians who would be istrator, said, "We certainly hope the need The U.S. Postal Service is constantly good teachers-given the opportunity," Dr. for either a reinstatement of St. Vincent's in the public eye, and one mistake can Lyons said. residency program or a joint residency with be disastrous despite the fact that their He said a combined residency program in Hamot 1s a matter that has brought com­ overall record may be much better. The Erie for both St. Vincent and Hamot would munity support. public always remembers the problems provide residents with more teachers, more and takes the good service for granted·. programs and a broader range of medical I am submitting a report to the U.S. problems. Postal Service explaining my findings Without the residency program Lyons ob­ MR. CRONIN CALLS FOR POST served, the quality of medical care in the and my hope that reform can be Erie area will keep going down as physicians OFFICE REORGANIZATION promptly and successfully instituted. I retire. thank you for the opportunity to speak HON. PAUL W. CRONIN to you today concerning the U.S. Postal SURGEON HITS END OF 8T. VINCENT OF MASSACHUSETTS Service. RESIDENCY PROGRAM IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (By George Canton!) Tuesday, October 8, 1974 The chief of surgical staff at St. Vincent SCRUBBERS-FACT AND FICTION Hospital said officials are "going to go as far Mr. CRONIN. Mr. Speaker. I speak to as we can" to get back the hospital's resi­ you today on a subject of great impor­ HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. dency training program in general surgery. tance r.. ot only to the Fifth District of OF CALIFORNIA But the controversial ba.ttle, challenging Massachusetts but to all the American the right of a national advisory body to pro­ people-the U.S. Postal Service. Un­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hibit a medical education program at the fortunately, the recent reorganization of Tuesday, October 8, 1974 hospital, is apparently going to be fought the U.S. Postal Service into a large new Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. without support from Hamot Medical Center. private corporation did not solve its prob­ Dr. .Robert Lasher, St. Vincent surgeon, Speaker, the U.S. Constitution guaran­ said the hospital had been trying since 1971 lems. Once again, the U.S. Postal Serv­ tees freedom of speech, and this right is to convert its three-year residency program ice needs to be overhauled. one that I have frequently had reason into a four-year program, as stipulated un­ _ During the last week of August I vis­ to appreciate. Yet under the name of der recent guidelines, before turning to the ited 15 towns in my district and talked freedom of speech, a group of monopoly Pennsylvania State Board of Medical Educa­ to city and postal officials in each. I lis­ electric power suppliers is conducting a tion and Licensure for help in saving its pro­ tened to officials in Westford, Groton, campaign to discredit the Federal agency gram. . Pepperell, North Reading, Wilmington, responsible for protecting the public from October 8, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34517 harmful air pollution. They are conduct­ tended, with ample evidence to support At the time of the hearing, there were 44 their position, that :flue gas desulfuriza­ FGD systems either in operation, under con­ ing this campaign with the money they struction, or being planned by 23 utilities at have received from their captive cus­ tion technology, when and where needed, 26 plants. Only 10 of these systems were tomers, and using their money against should be installed. The conclusion of the operational, 16 under construction, and 18 the overall best interests of their cus­ EPA is worth note at this time: planned; 8 of those under construction were tomers. I do not think that their right Based on flue gas desulfurlzation operating projected to start up by the end of 1974. to conduct this type of campaign should experience to date, the ava.1lab111ty of com­ FGD INSTALLATION STATUS be abridged, but their use of quasi-public mercial methods to treat sludge wastes, and Nearly 1 year has elapsed since the public funds should certainly be restricted. I the rapidly growing commitment to ut111ty hearing and it is appropriate to review the consider the advertising barrage of the companies to install FGD, no other conclu­ present status of FGD installation as an sion can be reached than that flue gas de­ indication of the effectiveness of the hearing Amencan Electric Power System an sulfurlzation systems are available and can offensive, political, propaganda campaign and EPA's follow-up program and as an in­ be used to continuously; reliably, and effec­ dication of the continued validity of the that adds nothing to the real efforts to tively control sulfur oxide emissions from hearing panel's conclusions. meet energy needs without impairing the power plants. The data covering the present status of health of humans. This conclusion is taken from a U.S. FGD installations follows in Tables I through It has been said by the industry that Environmental Protection Agency report, V. The total number of FGD units opera­ the Environmental Protection Agency's "Flue Gas Desulfurization," which was tional, under construction, or otherwise com­ emission standards are not necessary to mitted to has more than doubled over this published this last September. Because I year-to 93 systems at 51 plants by 39 ut1ll­ protect the public health. But new stud­ believe this important issue should not ties. The number of units now on-line has ies have shown that the standards are be distorted by a media propaganda cam­ jumped to 19, and three additional systems necessary to protect the public health. paign, I insert the introduction from this are scheduled to start-up by December. In Increased electric power production will EPA report in the RECORD. addition to the 19 operating units, 14 are have to be a priority second to protecting The excerpts from the EPA report now being constructed, and electric utilities the public health, and this limitation will follow: have decided to install60 more systems. Con­ require a greater amount of energy tracts have already been awarded for 17 of FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION-INSTALLATIONS these 60 planned units; letters of intent conservation. AND OPERATIONS have been signed for 4; bids are being taken Those who do not believe that the INTRODUCTION for 7; engineering studies are underway for EPA's standards are necessary should From October 18 to November 2, 1973, the 17; and preliminary plans are continuing for read the ever-increasing literature on Environmental Protection Agency held a na­ 15. health effects of air pollution. The "Re­ tional public hearing in the Washington, T".ae bulk of the 93 units will have started­ port to the Task Force on Conservation D.C. area to review the status of power plant up by the end of 1977. Aside from the 19 and Fuel Supply," which was prepared compliance with sulfur oxide (SOx) air operating units and the 3 units scheduled by the Technical Advisory Committee on pollution emission limitations. Regulations to start-up this year, companies are project­ Conservation of Energy for the U.S. Fed­ limiting emissions of SOx have been imposed ing start-up dates of 1975 for 10 units, 1976 because excess quantities of SOx seriously for 12 units, and 1977 for 19 more. The re­ eral Power Commission is one such re­ affect human health through increased in­ maining 30 desulfurization systems will be­ port. I quote from that paper: cidences of respiratory disease and damage gin operation in 1978 or 1979, or have un­ In summary, present rough estimates con­ many types of materials. The national hear­ known start-up dates. Many of these 93 clude that substantial excess adverse health ing was called because power plants are the units are associated with new plants (47) effects can be expected each year '1./ standards largest source of SOx emissions in the U.S., and their installation is tied to the start-up are not met: thousands of premature deaths, because large numbers of power plants were dates of the plants. millions of days of lllness among susceptible not yet in compliance with SOx emission FGD OPERATING EXPERIENCE segments of the population, hundreds of limitations, and because, in most cases, only Recent operating experience with FGD thousands of needless acute lower respiratory 1 ~ years remained under the established systems has demonstrated increasingly high 1Unesses in otherWise healthy children and implementation plans for these plants to reliability factors with the elimination of the hundreds of thousands of chronic respiratory achieve compliance. problems that plagued many of the early disorders among adults. (Emphasis added.) During the hearing, testimony was taken systems. Increasingly higher reliability from some 50 witnesses representing electric If these adverse health effects, which (availability to the botler) factors are seen utilities, trade associations, vendors of pol­ both for those units recently started-up and I consider an unacceptable level of vio­ lution control equipment, and other inter­ for those units with longer operating ex­ lence to inflict upon the American people, ested groups and individuals. It was gen­ perience. Several of these units showing high are to be averted, the sulfur oxide and erally agreed by these witnesses that flue avallablllty factors for several months can particulate emissions must be sharply gas desulfurization (FGD) technology must be characterized as very successful; other curtailed. The U.S. Environmental Pro­ be installed on large numbers of power units, which are yet in experimental stages tection Agency has concluded that :flue plants if SOx emission requirements adopted or still undergoing shakedown and/or ad­ pursuant to the Clean Air Act are to be met justment, are also evidencing increasingly gas desulfurization systems must be in­ in the 1970's. Supplies of low-sulfur fuels stalled in some plants in order prevent rellable performance. Only one type of FGD to are and wlll continue to be inadequate to system has proven too troublesome to war­ the violation of the primary ambient air provide the sole means of compliance rant further installations. quality standards. It was also generally agreed to the hearing Many problems have, of course, been ex­ The American Electric Power System that FGD systems, when operating properly, perienced with FGD system operation, par­ recently claimed that- would reduce SOx emissions by 85 to 90%, ticularly with earlier installations. Efforts the levels required by most states. Questions to resolve these problems have naturally Flue gas desulfurization has not been were, however, raised by many utilities as demonstrated to be a method of sulfur­ lead to improvements in system design and to whether FGD systems could be made to operation and to subsequent improvements dioxide control presently available for im­ operate reliably and as to whether an en­ plementation by Electric Ut111ties. in reliablllty. This clear trend to highly re­ vironmentally acceptable method existed to liable, long-term FGD operation is best illus­ This claim was reportedly taken from dispose of the sludge produced by some types trated by reviewing the experience at each of a hearing examiners' report before the of FGD systems. the operating units. After considering the testimony, the hear­ Two of the earlier FGD installations, a lime Ohio State Environmental Protection ing panel found that the problems allegedly Agency. The basic frame of reference for scrubbing system and a magnesium oxide affecting FGD reliab111ty could be, and had system, can be characterized as very success­ that finding, which was one of 26 by the been, solved at one plant or another, and ful by their recently demonstrated reliabili­ Ohio hearing examiners, was that there that reUabiUty was sufficiently demonstrated ties. Louisville Gas and Electric Company's were other available means to meet the to warrant widespread commitments by (LG&E) lime scrubbing system installed on Federal ambient air quality standards. utiUties to FGD systems at coal-and oil­ fired power plants. The panel recommended its Paddy's Run No. 6 station started-up in The report, limited as it was, still did not that EPA create an incentive for such com­ April 1973 and operated untU October 1973 contend that the standards should not mitments by vigorously enforcing reasonable at 70% ava1lab111ty to the boiler; 1 from Octo­ be met. In fact, they found the opposite; schedules to comply With sulfur oxide emis­ ber until shutdown in December 1973, avail- the standards should be met. sion Umits. The panel additionally found The EPA, it should be noted, does not that technology was available to reclaim 1 Th's April to October 1973 avatlabtuty contend that :flue gas desulfurization sludge waste as landfill and that regenera.ble factor must be viewed with caution since technology, or scrubbers, need to be in­ systems that do not produce any appreciable the boiler was down much of this time and stalled where the standards can be met waste were available for use where throw­ the FGD system, while available to the boiler, by alternative means. '!'hey have con- away systems could not be used. was run only intermittently. 34518 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1974 ability was greater than 90%. Because Pad­ search-Cottrell in December 1973. This 2- pass the scrubber .3 Its initial problems are day's Run No. 6 is a peak-load boiler, module scrubber averaged 89% availability nearly all attributable to poor pH control, the boiler, and consequently the scrubber, for the 7 months from January through July further emphasizing the importance of prop­ was shutdown in December because of a low 1974; module A (SOx and particulate scrub­ er control of system chemistry for lime and demand for electricity. Increased demand bing) availab111ty was 92% and module B limestone systems. caused LG&E to restart the boiler, controlled (particulate scrubbing only) availabtlity was The City of Key West, operating a 37- by the FGD system, in July 1974. Since the 87%. Downtime was used to correct wiring, megawatt scrubber that collects both par­ recent start-up, the unit has been operating meter calibration, reheater vibration, and in­ ticulates and SOx, has found that one of its at 100% availability, burning 8% sulfur coal strumentation problems and to repair leaks, major problems is controlllng dust from its with an SOx removal efficiency of 90%. packing glands, and reheater tube bundles. unique coral grinding system. Early problems with this closed-loop system, Acid condensation on the reheater tubes was The 2-scrubber system at Commonwealth which were minor and mechanical in nature, solved by proper insulation, and cross baffies Edison's Will County station, started-up in have been solved. This company is so con­ installed at the inlet stopped reheater vibra­ February 1972, showed rather poor avail­ vinced of the workability of its system, tion. System availability climbed to 93% in abUity factors due to many problems in the which has operated for 5 months at over August after these problems were solved, and first 2 years of operation. Scrubber B was 90% reliab111ty, that it is commited to the module A alone showed an availability fac­ shutdown in April 1973 for internal modifi­ installation of similar control systems on tor of 98%. SOx removal efficiency remained cations, but scrubber A has shown marked several additional boilers. at about 92%. improvement recently. Availabillty was 72% A recently completed 2-year FGD test Southern California Edison (SCE) started­ in April of this year and 93% in May. A project conducted by the Boston Edison Com­ up their 160-megawatt experimental lime plugged venturi throat caused some down­ pany at its oil-burning Mystic station has scrubber in November 1973 on their Mohave time in June, but following repairs, the unit also been successful. Since start-up in April unit No. 2. The system was designed by the operwted at 95% avallab111ty in July and 91% 1972, this 150-mega.wa.tt magnesium-oxide company in conjunction with Stearns-Roger in August. Although Commonwealth Edison scrubber, which is a regenerable system pro­ and SCE has taken over as the operating has experienced many problems at Wlll ducing sulfuric acid as a by-product, has ex­ agent. This lime scrubber is half of a two­ County, recent operation shows good signs perienced most of the typical process and part experimental program that the company for reliable long-term operation. mechanical problems. During the first year will use to decide whether it will use a lime Experience at operating lime-scrubbing of operation, Chemico, the vendor, con­ or limestone system at its Mohave station. systems other than the successful perform­ stantly worked on and corrected these prob­ A 160-megawatt vertical limestone system ance at LG&E's Paddy's Run unit and South­ lems. Over this period, the scrubber was designed by Universal Oil Products is now ern California Edison's Mohave unit, cannot available to the boiler only 17% of the time. being constructed on Mohave No. 1 and re­ be fully assessed at this time. Duquesne Efficiency, however, indicated 90% sulfur sults from this unit will be compared to Light's Phillips 410-megawatt scrubber, on­ oxide removal using 20% virgin magnesium experience with the Mohave No. 2 lime line only for a few months, has achieved oxide and 80 % regenerated magnesium oxide. scrubber. The limestone system was sched­ availability factors for modules 1 and 4 Beginning in June of 1978, reliability figures uled to start-up in January 1974 in order to which were better than 70% from start-up reached 68%, but declined slowly to 18% in parallel experience at No. 2, but extensive through June. Duquesne is presently con­ December due to deterioration of the equip­ unrelated fire damge has delayed start-up centrating the load on these two modules ment from erosion and corrosion. The prob­ at least until October 1974. and plans to place the full plant capacity lems occurring pointed out the need to care­ The formal test program for Mohave No. 2 on all 4 modules in the future. fully control the chemistry of the system, began on January 15, 1974, and the hori­ Dairyland Power Coop. has been running and in January and February of 1974, the zontal absorber has to date operated con­ its Alma lime-injection unit since August company and the vendor extensively over­ tinuously at 84% availabillty to the boiler. 1971, but only as a research system. Short hauled the system. By March the system was Operating experience at some of the ear­ test runs at 90% availabiUty have ben con­ 87% available to the boiler. Availabtlity fig­ liest units, notably those boiler injection ducted, but no longer runs have been con­ ures recently obtained were: April-81 %, type units at Kansas Power and Light's Law­ ducted from which reliab11ity might be ad­ May-57%, and June-80%. Despite the good rence station and Kansas City Power and duced. a.va1la.bil1ty figures shown, the system was Light's Hawthorne station, has not been sat­ EPA is funding a 30-megawatt research shutdown as scheduled because the 2-year isfactory. Both of these companies experi­ unit being operated by TVA on its Shawnee test period was completed. Boston Edison mented with two limestone boiler injection No. 10 boiler. It is designed to use lime, lime­ seems generally satisfied with the efficiency systems using 8.5% sulfur coal. Problems stone. sodium carbonate. or air/water as the and reliability of its Mag-Ox scrubbing unit, with this type of system included corrosion, scrubbing medium and has been operating has been quoted as calling it "a viable tech­ plugging, scaling, settling, and reheater/ under experimental conditions since April demister difficulties, and proved substantially nology for our particular purpose," 2 and is 1972. There are 3 different types of scrubbing still considering whether it will install flue more difficult than those found with tail­ systems operating in parallel that are still gas scrubbing systems on its other boilers. end type FGD systems. The companies have being evaluated under a variety of operation­ Several of the more recently installed units decided to convert their scrubbers to tail-end al modes. have demonstrated very high reliability scrubbing with limestone and EPA knows of Aside from Boston Edison's successful Mys­ factors for several months and are not no plans for additional units of the boiler tic unit, only one other magnesium-oxide troubled with many of the problems expe­ injection type. system is now in operation. This 100-mega­ rienced at some of the earlier installations. Kansas City Power and Light has already watt scrubber, also designed by Chemico, is One of these successful units is a 32-mega­ converted its Hawthorne No. 4 100-megawatt being operated by Potomac Electric Power watt double alkali system designed and scrubber to tail-end, and seems to have Company at Dickerson No. 3. Start-up took operated by General Motors at its Parma eliminated many of the problems it experi­ place in September 1973, but full operation Chevy Transmission plant in Cleveland. enced with injection. A few problems remain was not begun until July 1974 when the re­ With an SO::c removal efficiency of 98%, the with the recirculation system but modifica­ generation fac111ty became available. This system has been available to the boiler 100% tions are expected to solve these problems. system represents the first large-scale appli­ of operating time in June, July, and August Combustion Engineering says that the tail­ cation of the magnesium-oxide process to a 1974. Availability at start-up in April was end system has operated since February 1974 coal-fired boiler. 87 %, but the scrubber was shutdown for the with no major problems, although the de­ Illinois Power Company has at its Wood month of May because of unexpected mister must be cleaned by hand during boiler River station the only catalytic oxidation pluggage by calcium carbonate deposits in downtime. system operating in the U.s. The 110-mega­ the overflow line between the clarifiers and in Varying degrees of success are being ob­ watt scrubber designed by Monsanto started­ the line from one of the clarifiers to the mix tained with the rest of the scrubbing units up in Sepember 1972 and was accepted from tanks; this subsequently caused overflow now operating. In many cases the units have the vendor after completion of testing in into the scrubber. This problem was solved not been on-line long enough to fully evalu­ July 1973. Mechanical difficulties experienced during shutdown by using a polymeric ate their performance. From the limestone during shakedown called for modifications flocculating agent to improve settleability systems that could be termed less successful which are now nearly complete. The scrubber and by withdrawing sludge from the clarifier to date than Arizona. Public Service's Cholla is scheduled to start-up for continued opera­ installation, several crucial operating prob­ tion this month. more frequently. The scrubber has operated lems have been resolved. Kansas City Power continuously since May 29 except for brief, The Nevada Power Company is now testing and Light, for instance, installed an 820- two aqueous sodium base scrubbers at its non-scrubber related shutdowns. megawatt system at LaCynge No. 1 th&t Reid Gardner station and will start-up a Two other companies, which started-up started up in June 1973. Proper design and their scrubbing units late in 1973, are also operation of this unit is complicated by the 1 showing good performance. Arizona Public As recognized by the national hearing fact that it must remove large amounts of panel, bypass systems should be installed on service Co. (APS) started-up its 115-mega.­ both particulate and SOx that result from wa.tt limestone scrubber designed by Re- scrubbing systems to make it easier to re­ the burning of coal having especially high pair and adjust the system and to ensure sulfur and ash contents. In addition, this that generating capacity is not lost during 2 Electrical Week, July 29, 1974, p. 7. system was built without any means to by- possible malfunction. October 8, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34519 third unit there next year. The 125-megawatt While a few utilities continue to argue that also in response to at least one construc­ units have only been on-line for a short time FGD systems have not yet demonstrated re­ tive proposal which would benefit the but excellent test results have already been liable operation, actual experience over the cited and performance seems promising. past few months clearly refutes these claims. health care field in Erie. Experiences at Louisville Gas and Electric, On October 30, and November 1, 1973, SLUDGE DISPOSAL articles appeared in the Morning News It is recognized that large quantities of Arizona Public Service, and Southern Cali­ semi-solid sludge are produced by lime and fornia Edison are illustrative. LG&E's Paddy's announcing the intention of St. Vincent limestone scrubbing systems and that this Run unit has been available to the boiler for Hospital officials to challenge the author­ sludge must be carefully disposed of to a total of 5 months at well over 90% reliabil­ ity of the Chicago-based Residency Re­ avoid any adverse impact on the environ­ ity. APS's Cholla unit has operated continu­ view Committee for General Surgery that ment. EPA does not view sludge disposal as ously for 8 months with a reliab111ty of 90% had refused to sanction the hospital's an insurmountable problem, however, since or better, and SCE's Mohave unit has oper­ surgical residency program. This board, disposal methods are now offered commer­ ated continuously from January to Septem­ ber 1974 at 84% re11ab111ty. in the past, had also stood in the way of cially that treat sludge in an environmental­ other area hospitals' residency programs. ly acceptable manner. Wet sludge can be Based on FGD operating experience to date, hardened (fixated) through chemical reac­ the ava1lab111ty of commercial methods to St. Vincent's contention was that this tions to form a dry, solid, largely inert mate­ treat sludge wastes, and the rapidly grow­ committee had assumed powers it did not rial or it can be ponded. ing commitment of ut111ty companies to in­ rightfully possess-powers which be­ Although fixation technologies are offered stall FGD, no other conclusion can be longed, in truth, to the Pennsylvania commercially, many companies have been reached than tht.t flue gas resulfurizatd.on State Board of Medical Education and temporarily pending sludge while concen­ systems are available and can be used to Licensure. Furthermore, the prohibition trating on improving reliab111ties of their continuously, reliably, and effectively con­ trol sulfur oxide emissions from power plants. of the residency program was viewed as FGD systems. Now that scrubber operating crippling to the hospital's ability to problems are being solved and system relia­ b111ties are improving, more sludge is being "maintain physician education and con­ generated by lime/limestone units a.nd util­ tinued quality of medical care for ities are beginning to focus more attention DOCTOR SUPPLY FACES THREAT patients." on techniques for disposing of sludge. For On November 2, 1973, another article example, full-scale sludge fixation is now appeared in the News telling of a pro­ underway at at least two U.S. power plants. HON. JOSEPH P. VIGORITO posal by Pennsylvania Secretary of Commonwealth Edison fixates sludge from its OF PENNSYLVANIA Health, J. Finton Speller, for a "medical Will County scrubber and stores the product IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES school without walls" for the Erie area. on-site. The company plans to ultimately dis­ pose of the sludge in an off-site landfill area. Tuesday, October 8, 1974 This would be a project involving com­ Duquesne Light is now fixating sludge from plete cooperation of local hospitals and three boilers at the Phlliips plant. This fix­ Mr. VIGORITO. Mr. Speaker, the Erie colleges. The idea also had the immediate ated sludge is temporarily stored in on-site community faces a medical problem that support of all members of the state med­ ponds, then hauled to off-site lined ponds for grows more serious daily. Immediately, ical education board. If the idea comes to disposal. It is ultimately planned to dispose Erie faces a severe shortage of general fruition, Erie could expect to attract a of this fixated sludge in unlined ravines. In practice physicians. Ultimately, it faces a good many medical students, some of addition, a prototype facility at Southern complete downgrading of medical care. whom would hopefully make Erie their California Edison's Mohave stations fixates This is a problem that cannot be solved the sludge, discharging part of the treated home. sludge to a concrete-line disposal site. The by building new hospital wings, renovat­ Therefore, in order to objectively as­ remaining sludge is used to manufacture ag­ ing old ones, or by mouthing sweet­ certain the facts behind the controversy gregate pellets which can be used as a con­ sounding but insincere platitudes. Only over area residencies and to inform the crete admixture. the total cooperation of Erie's entire public of both the impending crisis and Chemically fixated sludge has several uses, medical community and the intelligent of possible solutions being proffered, as the most important of which is landfill. Nu­ awareness of area citizens can begin to well as to broadly survey the health care merous landfill sites are available in the cope with this increasingly critical field in Erie, the Morning News under­ U.S., especially in areas where coal has been strip-mined. Fixated sludge can be used to situation. took its lengthy investigation and pres­ restore such land to its original condition. On February 27, 1974, a series began entation. The following is a brief sum­ Limited use 1s possible in such other ap­ in the Erie Morning News entitled "Med­ mary of "Medical Probe's" most signifi­ plications as roadbase. ical Probe." The purpose of this series cant findings. Wet sludge can also be ponded, and where was to inform Erie area residents about First, and of central importance: the leaching into ground or surface water is the crisis in medical service within the number of general practitioners in the feared, ponds can be lined with an imperme­ community and to offer some reasons Erie area is steadily declining and, at the able liner or constructed with a drainage sys­ why the crisis exists; That the "Medical same time, their average age is growing tem to collect and isolate any leachate. Sludge disposal problems occur, however, Probe" was an ambitious effort should be older. A majority of the "Probe'' articles only with lime and limestone scrubbing sys­ apparent from examining the following speak to either the reasons behind this tems. Where disposal of such sludges is im­ statistics. or to the ramifications of it. practical because of geographic location, "Probe" was conducted by only two The decline, ''Probe" concludes, is the space availab111ty, or other considerations, al­ staff reporters, Dave Tabolt and Marty result of the inability to attract young ternative FGD systems can be used. Regener­ Gallagher who is also assistant city edi­ medical school students to Erie hospitals. able systems, such as magnesium-oxide, cata­ tor of the News. They worked 7 to 8 Outside agencies, controlled principally lytic oxidation, and Wellman-Lorn processes, by medical "academia," and possessing do not produce sludge. Rather, these systems weeks gathering information and statis­ regenerate the scrubbing agent and produce tics and conducting interviews. The no legal authority over local medical de­ such valuable materials as sulfuric acid and "Probe" investigation included over a cisions, are exercising coercive powers to elemental sulfur. hundred separate interviews with au­ close out local residency programs. Their SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS thorities all over the country. Volumes of reason ostensibly is because the programs The past year has seen a major increase statistics were culled by the reporters are service-oriented rather than class­ (over 100 % ) in the commitment of ut111ties and cooperating hospital staffs and many room oriented. Threat of academic fail­ to the installation of FGD controls. Whtle medical journals and texts were re­ ure for the medical students who ignore the commitment to control 35,000 megawatts searched for background material. The their dictates and participate in any dis­ of generating capacity is st111 short of the completed series ran for 20 installments, enfranchised residency program is the need,' it represents a rapidly growing accept­ beginning February 27, 1974, and con­ principal source of their power to com­ ance by utilities of the need for and work­ cluding March 21. It represented the first mand obedience. There are 23 of these ab111ty of FGD controls. in-depth series with that format to ap­ autonomous, private, residency review pear in Erie papers. committees. 'In the national hearing panel's report, EPA estimated that to meet primary ambient This investigation was in response to The result is that most students are air quality standards and new source per­ very real events which occurred months lured into remaining with the school formance standards through 1980 the use of before, the consequences of which con­ medical centers and specializing instead some 90,000 megawatts of FGD control would tinue to threaten the quality of health of going into general practice. Erie and be required. care throughout the community. It was communities like Erie who have large CXX--2176-Part 26 34520 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1974 populations but with no medical school In considering this example of jour­ in the October 6 New York Times which are therefore suffering a severe shortage nalistic responsibility and in considering captures much of the :flavor of this still of physicians. the task yet confronting Erie medical vigorous city. Consequently, "Probe" continues, the men, the words of John Milton in his Under leave to extend my remarks in few GP's around are working intolerable Areopagitica seem particularly appro­ the RECORD the article follows: hours and have had to refuse to accept priate: HAMTRAMCK STRIVES TO RETAIN ITS POLISH any new patients, patients are being sub­ When complaints are freely heard, deeply CHARACTER jected to cold, impersonal treatment, and considered, and speedily reformed, then is (By Willlam K. Stevens) emergency rooms are overcrowded with the utmost bound of civil liberty attained, HAMTRAMCK, MICH., October 5.-They once nonemergency patients who have no doc­ that wise men look for. called it "the Wild west of the Middle West,'' tor of their own. Also, academics, of ne­ The complaints have been heard. Now this 2.09-square-mile island of Slavic zest, an cessity, must take a backseat to service autonomous city surrounded by Detroit, a it is time a determined joint effort be tight little village where for more than half because physicians simply have no time made, with petty jealousies set aside, to a century the Polish-Americans have loved, for structural classroom type teaching. establish that "medical school without hated, worked hard in their yards and on the Students must learn by observing. Osteo­ walls," to ultimately increase the number assembly line, and lived life with gusto. paths, foreign doctors in local residen­ of general practitioners, and to improve Starting in 1910 they came from the farms cies, emergency rooms, and "assP-mbly­ the overall quality of health care for the of Poland, and sometimes from the Ukraine, line" type clinics-the few that remain citizens of the Erie area. to work at "Dodge Main," the Chrysler Corpo­ open-are giving competent aid but it is For your consideration I am inserting ration's huge assembly plant that still domi­ still not enough. nates the ·southern end of town. By the late an article from the October 1, 1974, Erie nineteen-twenties, they had so filled Ham­ Compounding the problem is insurance Morning News concerning the severe tramck that it was said to be the most company paperwork and the current big­ shortage of general practice physicians densely populated city in the country. business attitude in hospital manage­ in Erie: The boom days are long gone. The second ment, both of which entangle the physi­ DOCTOR SUPPLY FACES THREAT and third generations have largely moved to cian in a web of administrative duties Erie's medical future may be even more the suburbs, and Hamtramck has only half that take valuable time from their medi­ bleak than we thought. as many inhabitants (26,000) as at its peak cal practice. The News pointed out several weeks ago about 1930. This has brought the city to a Again compounding the problem is the that "almost 80 per cent" of the interns crucial stage in its history, and therein lies apparent inability of Erie's medical com­ and residents in training at Hamot Medical one chapter in the story of social change that munity to overcome its parochialism and Center and St. Vincent Hospital are graduates is overtaking industrial America. join in a combined effort to get joint hos­ of foreign medical schools. A RUN ON LEECHES pital residency programs off the ground. We've since reviewed the latest directories Hamtramck's Polish fiavor remains. At Ja­ of the two hospitals and found that FMGs worski's market, wonderfully wrinkled grand­ "Probe" found this reputation for pro­ account for 86 per cent of the intern-resi­ mothers in babushkas still shop for herring, fessional jealousy between local hospitals dent staffs. fresh okra, parsley, dill and leek; for black to be a major obstacle to outside academ­ This is compared to a 33 per cent national radishes, barley and kasha (buckwheat); for ic support. average. peppers and sorrel and cabbage; for kielbasa Testament to the accuracy and fair­ The local directory reads like a United Na­ and kiszka the pungent Polish sausages; for ness of this "Medical Probe" series was tion's roster: India (12), Syria (9), Iran (8), the seeds with which to plant the backyard made by officials at three large Erie hos­ two each from Ceylon, Egypt, Taiwan, Phil­ gardens that are the heirs to the fields of old pitals. Mr. Tomkins, in charge of com­ ippines, Colombia and Iraq and one each Poland. from Burma, Lebanon, W. Pakistan, Korea, Until a few weeks ago, JezewslQI.'s pharmacy munity relations for St. Vincent Hospi­ Portugal, Mexico and Brazil. Only eight local sold leeches, the old-world remedy for a black tal, stated that the investigation was con­ interns and residents are graduates of medi­ eye. Every Saturday morning, after the Friday ducted "honestly and in an evenhanded cal schools in the United States. night bar fights, there would be a run on the manner." A Hamot hospital administra­ As we've pointed out before, Erie has been leeches. tor, who wished to remain anonymous, fortunate in a sense because it has attracted Hamtramck, has long been seen from out- felt the probe "served the purpose" and some top graduates from foreign medical side as a volatile, rough-and-ready, some­ "created an awareness" in the commu­ schools but how long that type of recruiting times troubled town-a vice den in the nity. He also felt the series was definitely can continue is doubtful. twenties and thirties, when two of its mayors The magazine Medical World News re­ were sent to prison on anticorruption charges conducted honestly and that there was cently observed, "Congressional health lead­ and once, it is said, the City Council Presi­ no question as to the integrity of there­ ers and the Association of American Medical dent pulled a gun on the mayor in a Council porters. Mr. Ralph Keilch, administra­ Colleges have agreed in principle to limit the meeting. Once the city had two police chiefs, tive director of Doctor's Osteopathic number of internships and residencies to each backed by a rival faction sharing the Hospital, stated that: 'slightly' above the output of U.S. medical chief's desk as friends. In 1971, the city gov­ The accuracy and insight of the two re­ schools." ernment went bankrupt or nearly so, depend­ porters were all that could be expected. "That would shut out some 90 per cent of ing on whose analysis one accepts. FMGs coming here under present rules." Detroiters have at times reacted gleefully He went on to say he felt the reporters Who's going to provide care in local hos­ to Hamtramck's troubles-sometimes, it is performed a vital service to the com­ pitals when FMG's are no longer available? said here, so that attention would be diverted munity and to the medical profession in Unless Hamot and St. Vincent quickly es­ from Detroit's difficulties. It is unfair, Ham­ tablished joint training programs affiliated tramckans say. What happened here hap­ Erie. pened in some form everywhere in the coun­ It with medical schools, the staffs here wm seems necessary to point out that the wither-and everyone in the community wlll try, they assert. task of a responsible newspaper in an age suffer. Now there is a new setback for Hamtramck~ as complex as this we live in must be not and it is resented by the fiercely proud com­ only to appraise its reading public of sig­ munity. nificant events happening within their The United States Court of Appeals for the community but also to fairly interpret HAMTRAMCK STRIVES TO RETAIN Sixth Circuit upheld last week a lower court ITS POLISH CHARACTER decision finding Hamtramck guilty of "Negro those often complicated eventr in a way removal" in its urban renewal policies. which makes them understandable to the The courts held that the city had demol­ average reader. When the subject of such HON. LUCIEN N. NEDZI ish~d sub-standard housing in areas in­ interpretive reporting happens to be the OF MICHIGAN habited primarily by blacks, but were not. adequacy and extent of a community's providing new housdng within Hamtramck medical coverage, the individual journal­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for displaced residents. As a result, the court Tuesday, October 8, 1974 said the black popula.tion of the city had ists have an even greater responsibility fallen from 14 percent to 8.5 percent. This, it for accurate, indepth investigation and Mr. NEDZI. Mr. Speaker, the legendary was held, had been the city's intention and it interpretation. The "Probe" reporters, Hamtramck, Mich., is my hometown and was ordered tha.t the city provide housing for Marty Gallagher and Dave Tabolt, ac­ birthplace. I remain sentimentally at­ most of those displaced. cepted that responsibility and performed tached to it. WE'RE DECENT PEOPLE with a professional excellence that is a Accordingly, I am pleased to place in The citizens and their acting Mayor, Wll­ credit to journalism. the RECORD a long article which appeared iam V. Kozerskl, object to charges of racism. October 8, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34521 "It hurts," he says, "because we're not what berry, cheese or prune) and pierogi (dum­ A recent poll conducted by NFIB re­ they claim we are. We're decent people." plings). vealed that members feel by a 3-to-1 Hamtramck's record in race relations in CULTURE CENTER SEEN margin that control of inflation is the fact, has in some ways been outstanding com­ Another element, should it get off the No. 1 priority. This surely indicates that pared with many other communities. ground, would be a block-long center for While one could hardly contend that preju­ Pollsh theater, dance and other cultural the impact of inflation is so great. it dice and discrimination are unknown here, activities that 1s being planned by a group prompts businessmen to affiliate with a blacks have lived here as long as the Poles, of young Polish-Americans who are attempt­ group which can express their views to the public schools have been integrated for ing to keep alive "true" Polish culture, not Congress. decades, and opinion surveys have shown just the peasant aspects of it that came to The voice of small business has been blacks to be happy here. Flaxen-haired Slavic America with the immigrants. quiet too long. I applaud NFIB for taking and black youths can be seen intermingling Copernicus, they say, is more important on the job of articulating the concerns of on the street. than kielbasa and beer. It Is largely because Richardo Stovall, a 22-year-old black auto of this group that Pollsh history, llterature this important group. worker who has lived here all his life, said and language is undergoing a revival in H~m­ the other day that he had grown up side tramck's parochial schools. by side with Polish friends, that they went Some even see the city as a setting in to parties together, and that it had always which effective integration of race and AMENDMENTS TO HOUSE RESOLU­ been like that. Hamtramck, he said, has been racial viewpoints can be nurtured. TION 988 "one big happy family." The situation is in flux. Yugoslavians and other blacks say the same, as do many Albanians-the latter-day immigrants--are whites even those who speak in the most moving here in increasing numbers. Estab­ HON. DAVE MARTIN virulent terms about "Detroit blacks." One llshing their coffee houses as community reason may be the sma.llness of the town, its centers, where men gather to play cards and OF NEBRASKA old-world village quality, its sense of com­ drink thick Turkish coffee that might keep IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES munity. one awake for days, they are starting a new Tuesday, October 8, 1974 Community identity focuses on the Roman ethnic nucleus. Catholic churches, the numerous Polish­ How it will all turn out is anyone's guess. Mr. MARTIN of Nebraska. Mr. Speak­ American clubs and its sports teams. Some Some think that, in the end, Hamtramck will er, under leave to extend my remarks, years ago. Hamtramck won the Little League become all black, as most of the surrounding I submit for inclusion in the RECORD the World Series. Its teams, thoroughly inte­ areas of DetroU have. The older Poles of following amendments which I intend to grated, remain strong. Jane Bartkowicz Krot, Hamtramck talk about that prospect with the professional tennis player, is a local the ultmost sense of balance. offer to House Resolution 988: heroine. "What's the difference?" said John Woz­ AMENDMENT TO HOUSE RESOLUTION 988 SuB­ The shops, banks and utility companies niak. "America, America for everybody." MITTED BY MR. MARTIN OF NEBRASKA that line Joseph Campau Street, the main Page 4, line 20, strike the following: 1, 2, thoroughfare, are within walking distance and 3. of the immaculately kept one-and-two-fam­ Page 8, line 14, strike t~e comma after the ily homes on postage-stamp plots, typically word "resources" and substitute in lieu with wrought-iron rallings and posts that NFIB MEMBERSHIP TOPS 400,000 thereof the word "and". wall the town. Page 8, line 15, strike the following: "and "You feel better here, said 79-year-old John naval petroleum reserve 4,". Wozniak, a retired auto worker who immi­ HON. JOHN Y. McCOLLISTER grated from Poland in 1913. "I know every OF NEBRASKA stone in this sidewalk. I could go to Florida, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AMENDMENT TO HOUSE RESOLUTION 988 SUB­ but everything would be strange. You feel MITTED BY MR. MARTIN OF NEBRASKA like home here." Tuesday, October 8, 1974 Page 6, beginning line 2, strike the follow­ Most Hamtramck residents are older peo­ Mr. McCOLLISTER. Mr. Speaker, I ing: "the nontax aspects o! medicare, a.nd ple. This poses major questions as to the including other health care, health insur­ city's future and offers a clue as to what the am pleased to announce that the Na­ ance, and medical assistance programs;" urban renewal decisions means to that fu­ tional Federation of Independent Busi­ Page 6, after line 9, insert the following: ture. ness has just surpassed the 400,000-mem­ "In addition to its legislative jurisdiction un­ The people wonder whether Hamtramck's ber mark for the first time. This figure der the preceding provisions of this para­ Polish character can be preserved after Mr. represents a 13-percent increase in 1974 graph (and its general oversight function un­ Wozniak's generation is gone. They worry and follows a 10-percent increase last der clause 2(b) (1)), the committee shall have that it wm die from lack of tending by the year. the special oversight !unction provided for second- and third-generation Poles who now in clause 3 (c) with respect to the nontax as­ are thoroughly AmericaniZed as their par­ In Nebraska the group has more than pects of medicare, and other health care, ents and grandparents wanted them to be 6,200 members, and the district repre­ health insurance, and medical assistance pro­ and live in the suburbs. sented by my colleague DAVE MARTIN has grams." The city fathers say they want fervently the second largest membership of all con­ Page 21, strike lines 2 through 4, and sub­ to lure back the young people, who often gressional districts in the country. These stitute in lieu thereof the following: "assist­ return to the old neighborhood on week­ 6,200 small businesses employ 41,273 per­ ance, medical assistance programs, medicare, ends to visit and shop. City officials had sons and contribute more than $1.2 bil­ and national health insurance, but not work planned to use the cleared urban-renewal incentive programs; and food". land for, among other things, spilt-level lion to the economy. homes for returnees from the suburbs. To what can we attribute this rapid The courts, however, have ruled that this increase in membership? Certainly not a AMENDMENT TO HOUSE RESOLUTION 988 SUB­ cannot be done at the expense of those al­ surplus of free time for the average of MITTED BY MR. MARTIN OF NEBRASKA ready living there. Some observers, however, small businessmen. Most of them put in Page 24, after line 15, add the following: express hope that the good condition and a 60-70 hour week and have little spare "(b) The Committee on Commerce and low price of housing ($50 a month for a time to participate in organizations. Health shall have the function of reviewing decent apartment Is common and a $14,000 and studying, on a continuing basis, all laws, house is considered expensive) wm bring I believe the major factor is that small programs, and Government activities dealing back many young people who are being priced businessmen are finally beginning to re­ with or involving the nontax aspects of medi­ out of housing markets elsewhere by infla­ alize that they must organize in order to care, and other health care, health insurance, tion. There Is some evidence that this is al­ be represented in Washington. For years, and medical assistance programs." ready happening. they have tried to operate without Gov­ Redesignate the succeeding subclauses Some see in Hamtramck a potential as a ernment interference, but as more and accordingly. regional center for the preservation and per­ more restrictive legislation is passed it petuation of Polish culture. The Detroit becomes increasingly difficult even to AMENDMENT TO HOUSE RESOLUTION 988 SUB­ Workingman's Co-Op, a Polish-Ukrainian MITTED BY MR. MARTIN OF NEBRASKA restauarant that once was a haven for union cope with the paperwork. Small businessmen need to make their Page 5, after line 22, insert the following: organizers in the auto industry, might be "(2) Transportation, including civil avia­ one element of such a. center. problems known to those who pass far­ tion, railroads, railway labor and pensions, It draws from throughout the metropolitan reaching laws without considering the water transportation subject to the jurisdic­ area customers who like its low-priced spe­ effect on the little guy-laws that often tion of the Interstate Commerce Commis­ cialties-golombkis (stuffed cabbage), nales­ hamstring the very effort to stay in sion, and related transportation regulatory niki (crepes suzette filled with apple, striLW- business. agencies." 34522 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1974 Renumber the succeeding paragraphs AMENDMENT TO HOUSE RESOLUTION 988 "(5) experimental or pilot approaches to accordingly. SUBMITTED BY MR. MARTIN OF NEBRASKA information problems, such as the creation Page 16, line 3, strike the words "and Page 40, after line 4, insert the following: of mechanisms for outside groups, or for Transportation". " (e) Each standing committee of the pooling of resources; and Page 16, strike lines 14 through 19, and in­ House of Representatives that has more than "(6) the creation of a congressional staff sert in lieu thereof the following: fifteen members shall establish at least three journal or other process for communication. "(3) Roads and the safety thereof, and ur­ subcommittees." "(d) The Commission shall make an an­ ban mass transportation." Redesignate the succeeding subclause ac­ nual progress report to the Speaker, and shall cordingly. make such additional reports as may appear AMENDMENT TO HOUSE RESOLUTION 988 SUB­ appropriate or as may be directed by the MITTED BY MR. MARTIN OF NEBRASKA Speaker, incorporating interim and final Page 12, after line 3, insert the following: AMENDMENT TO HOUSE RESOLUTION 988 recommendations and drafts of legislation to "(2) Measures relating to Federal elections SUBMITTED BY MR. MARTIN OF NEBRASKA carry out such recommendations. The final generally, including measures relating to the Page 53, strike lines 14 through 23, and sub· report of the Commission shall be submitted election of the President, Vice President, or stitute in lieu thereof the following: "ac­ no later than January 2, 1977. The study Members of Congress; contested elections; tivities only when authorized by a majority conducted pursuant to paragraph (b) (8) credentials and qualifications. of the members of the committee." shall be completed no later than January 1, "(3) Measures relating to the raising, re­ 1976. porting, expenditure, and use of campaign AMENDMENT TO HOUSE RESOLUTION 988 SUB­ "(e) In carrying out its functions, the contributions for candidates for election to MITTED BY MR. MARTIN OF NEBRASKA Commission may meet at such times and Federal office, and investigation of campaign Page 79, strike line 3 and all that follows places as it deems necessary. A majority of expenditures." through line 13 of page 83, and substitute the members of the Commission shall Renumber the succeec:Mng subparagraphs in lieu thereof the following: constitute a quorum for the transaction accordingly. of business. "HOUSE COMMISSION ON INFORMATION "(f) Members and staff of the Commission Page 19, strike lines 17 through 24, and AND FACILITIES renumber the succeeding paragraph accord­ shall be entitled to receive actual and neces­ ingly. "SEC. 203. (a) There shall be in the House sary travel expenses, including per diem Page 20, line 6, strike the following: "and of Representatives a Commission on Infor­ in lieu of subsistence. clause 5(f) ". mation and FaciUties (hereinafter in this "(g) The Commission shall utUlze the sta1f section referred to as the "Commission"), of the Joint Committee on Congressional AMENDMENT TO HOUSE RESOLUTION 988 SUB· which shall be composed of nine Members Operations to the maximum extent possible MITTED BY MR. MARTIN OF NEBRASKA of the House appointed by the Speaker, in­ and shall appoint and provide for the com­ Page 29, after line 25, insert the following: cluding the House members of the Joint pensation of such other staff as may be " ( 2) making final report to the House in Committee on Congressional Operations, no necessary for the performance of its func­ each contested election case at such time more than five being members o:r the same tions. as the committee considers practicable in political party. "(h) The contingent fund of the House 1s the Congress to which the contestee 1s "(b) To assist the Commission in carry­ made available to carry out the purposes of elected;" ing out its functions, the Speaker shall es­ this section." Renumber the succeeding paragraphs ac­ tablish an Advisory Council composed of six Renumber succeeding sections accord­ cordingly. memobers as follows: ingly. Page 33, strike lines 13 through 16. "(1) Two members who are representatives Redesignate the succeeding subclause ac­ of public affairs institutions or groups, AMENDMENT TO HOUSE RESOLUTION 988 cordingly. "(2) Two members who have demonstrated SUBMITTED BY MR. MARTIN OF NEBRASKA ability in space ut11lzation, and Page 90, after line 14, insert the following: AMENDMENT TO HOUSE RESOLUTION 988 SUB­ "(3) Two members of the general public. "COMPILATION OF PRECEDENTS MITTED BY MR. MARTIN OF NEBRASKA The members of such Advisory Council shall receive compensation at the daily rate pro­ "SEc. 409. The Parliamentarian of the Page 51, line 14, before the word "or" in­ vided by law for persons in grade G8-18, House of Representatives is authorized and sert the following: "the Committee on House for each day actually engaged in the per­ directed to complete the Compilation of the Administration in the case of a report made formance of the Commission's functions; Precedents of the House of Representatives under clause 5(d) (2) of Rule X,". by January 1, 1977, and prepare an updated Page 51, line 16, strike the following: and shall be entitled to receive actual and necessary travel expenses, including per diem compilation of such precedents every two "or (!) ". in lieu of subsistence. years thereafter. Copies of the Compilation " (b) It shall be the function of the Com­ of Precedents shall be printed in sUfficient AMENDMENT TO HOUSE RESOLUTION 988 SUB• mission to conduct a thorough and complete quantity to be available to every Member MITTED BY MR. MARTIN OF NEBRASKA study of- and the standing committees of the House Page 60, line 18, strike the word "and" "(1) the information problems of the of Representatives." and insert in lieu thereof the following: "on Renumber the succeeding section accord­ House of Representatives against the back­ ingly. the right of a Member to his or her seat, ground of the existing institutions and serv­ on". ices available to the House, and to make such Page 60, line 23, strike the following: "the recommendations with respect thereto as right of a Member to his or her seat, and". may be appropriate, ELIMINATING THE RETffiEMENT "(2) the !ac111ties and space requirements EARNINGS LIMITATION UNDER AMENDMENT TO HOUSE RESOLUTION 988 SUB· of the Members and committees of the MITTED BY MR. MARTIN OF NEBRASKA House, including space ut111zation, parking, THE SOCIAL SECURITY ACT Page 15, strike lines 4 through 9. and the organization, responsibllity, and su­ Page 21, beginning line 7, strike the fol­ pervision to provide adequate, efficient, and lowing: "taxes; and the nontax aspects of economical space ut111zation, and HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON unemployment compensation upon referral "(3) the staff required to provide the House OF ILLINOIS from the Committee on Labor as provided in legislative counsel with the capability to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES clause 4(b) ". fully meet the needs of the Members of the House. Tuesday, October 8, 1974 AMENDMENT TO HOUSE RESOLUTION 988 " (c) The study conducted by the Commis­ Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr SUBMITTED BY MR. MARTIN OF NEBRASKA sion pursuant to subsection (b) (1) shall Speaker. approximately 2.5 million Page 26, strike line 14 and all that follows include (but need not be limited to)- Americans aged 65 to 72 are being de­ through line 8 of page 27. .. ( 1) House resources for information, in­ cluding the Congressional Research Service, prived of benefits they have earned by AMENDMENT TO HOUSE RESOLUTION 988 the General Accounting Office, and the Office paying into the social security system. SUBMITTED BY MR. MARTIN OF NEBRASKA of Technology Assessment, and the orga­ Because of the "earnings limitation•• a nizational framework that makes them effec­ penalty is imposed on any social security Page 17, beginning line 18, strike out fol­ tive or Ineffective; recipient who receives more than $2,400 lowing: "the functions with respect to com­ "(2) information management, collection, mittee amendments which are provided for in salary or wages. The injustice here 1s and dissemination for the House; striking: a person who needs to continue in clause 5(d) and". "(3) resources outside the Congress for information and their utmzation; working past the age of 65 as a matter of AMENDMENT TO HOUSE RESOLUTION 988 "(4) methods for setting up and organiz­ economic survival must surrender a dol­ SUBMITTED BY MR. MARTIN OF NEBRASKA ing the flow of information !rom and to lar of his social security benefits for every Page 30, strike lines 9 through 23. the Executive; $2 earned over the present low ceiling. October 8, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34523 while an individual whose money comes full reconc111ation of these men with their Two years after World War II, President from investments is not penalized at all. fam111es and their country. Truman provided pardons for 1,523 draft law violators-from a total of 15,803-whose cases Today, I am introducing a bill which had been taken up with Individual recom­ would totally remove this unjust provi­ mendations. sion in a series of steps. As envisioned in His 1952 Christmas amnesty dealt only with this legislation, the earnings limitation AMNESTY AND THE LAW peacetime deserters-men who had left their would no longer apply to those over 70, units between V.J. Day and the outbreak and the amount that a wage earner could of Korean hostllities on June 25, 1950. make without penalty would be raised in­ HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK The Civil War "amnesties" most often cited OF OHIO by proponents of Vietnam amnesty are par­ crementally from 1976 to 1983. After that ticularly weak. a person on social security would be able IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES First, they never dealt with draft dodgers. to work to the limit of his ability and Tuesday, October 8, 1974 Second, all of President Lincoln's and initiative without restriction. President Johnson's amnesties dealt with Since the earnings limitation was Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, Presi­ Confederates, or deserters from the Union added to the Social Security Act in 1954 dent Ford's recent amnesty plan has Army-and none of them was unconditional. it has contradicted a basic tenet of the raised much public debate. Recently an Gen. Robert E. Lee whose home was confis­ system: that benefits are paid as a mat­ interesting article discussing amnesty ap­ cated for Arlington National Cemetery, died peared in the Ashland eing pursued. Regardless of the magnitude of the impact generated by other research appropriations And one of the great privileges of the job-­ of research on policy and programs, there several times as large. is the opportunity it gives to associate with was no doubt of the impact of policy and the wonderful people who work at this mis­ program on research. Labor market research sion and those outside of VA who aid and had been the province of men attracted to support them. the field by the reform potential of the labor Certainly there is no spot in the entire movement during the last half of the 19308. AMENDMENT TO HOUSE RESOLU­ geography of VA-that is more beautiful and They gained prominence under the aegis of TION 988 TO BE PRESENTED BY inviting than this one. the War Labor Board and dabbled in man­ MR. GIBBONS IS SUBMITTED FOR And there is no place where the needs of power research while they worked at arbitra­ PRINTING IN THE RECORD veterans are being met with greater eklll or tion during the 1950s. The manpower re­ dedication ... or where local interest in search funds becoming available during the what we do--is keener or more efl'ectively 1960s were small potatoes beside that ava.il· HON. SAM GIBBONS expressed. able for research in the physical sciences and OF FLORIDA I am honored to be with you today-for health. But in the social sciences, and par­ this most significant ceremony. I deeply ap­ ticularly labor market research, it was a case IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES preciate your welcome. of rapid multiplication. Since the dollar's Tuesday, October 8, 1974 For many years the VA center here has function is the allocation of resources, talent served ... faithfully and well ••• those and commitment went with the money. Mr. GmBONS. Mr. Speaker, I include residents of Vermont--who answered a call But there was more to it than that. The in the RECORD the following amendment to duty-men and women who protected and funds available, particularly the MDTA Title intended to be offered by me to House defended their State and their Nation-in I funds in the hands of the Labor Depart- Resolution 988: time of danger. 34526 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1974 Today-it is our very pleasant task to part of VA--or who have an interest in this portant to all of Vermont's veterans-de­ dedicate a new fa.cillty here--that wtll make region's some 90,000 veterans-who can fall pendents and survivors. that service better •.. that w111 give VA to be excited over the characteristics of this The regional-office functions Will-of personnel greater ab111ty to perform their bullding. course-continue-and I am sure they Will jobs and accomplish their goals. And the fact that its existence wm lead increase-in the period ahead-as more We look at this new hospital-and we take to further physical improvement-by the residents of this great state make use of pride in its appearance. We tour it--a.s many conversion of older facllities-to new uses­ bene-fits they have earned. VA is currently of you have done--and we marvel at the makes it all the more impressive. a $33-~ milUon a year operation here-and engineering-fJcientific and medical accom­ We wm be able to treat more patients than some 14,000 veterans receive non-medical plishments that are manifest in its features ever before ... with some 3,600 inpatients ex­ VA assistance. •.. the sophistication and the completeness pected this fiscal year-and with nearly 25,- We are proud of the record of this center­ of its equipment. 000 outpatient visits expected. in providing good and timely service. We The buUding-and its contents-would do We wm be able to provide more specialized pledge that such service Will continue---6nd honor to any location-any community. treatment than before-With inttensive care that we Will always be alert to ways in which They would be outstanding any place that and coronary care units. we can improve-what we are doing. medicine is practiced-and health prob· And--of course-the surroundings wm be I would like to express one further lems confronted. more comfortable and more convenient-for thought to the residents of White River But advanced architecture--and modern those who are hospitalized here. Junction-who are With us today. instruments and techniques do not-in This hospital's affiliation With the Dart­ I know you have a sort of proprietary in­ themselves-make a hospital good-and are mouth Medical School-has been of great terest in this center-and that you have not-in themselves-sufficient to warrant value-in helping provide superior staffing­ pride in this new hospital. I want to en­ an observance of this scope---end this seri­ and assuring better diagnosis a.nd treatment. courage that interest and that pride. ousness. The new plant wm increase the value of this VA Is a vast organization with 200,000 We could enter the bullding-activate all afflliation---end w@ look forward to not only employees-58 regional offices-and 171 hos­ systems-and ~e about the task of examin· a continued relationship with Dartmouth­ pitals. But VA has meaning-as an agency­ ing and treating patients Without cere­ but to even a closer one. only as It relates to the people it serves ... mony-and Without celebration. We all recognize that there have been great and that service takes place in communities If we were interested only in the fact that changes ... great improvements ... in medi­ such as this ... not In some office In Wash­ a. new structure is here--we could let the cine since 1938-when the first patients were ington or elsewhere. occasion pass unnoticed--except for some admitted here. What is not so commonly un­ You are closer to what is going on-at physical and operational adjustments-on derstood-is that concepts of what help this center-than those of us who do not the part of personnel and patients. should be provided-to sick or disabled vet­ have the prlvUege of frequent visits. VA Is To do so-however-would be to miss the erans have also changed ... changed to make an agency of the people . . . and you are significance of what has led up to the exist­ this help relate more closely-and more the people here. ence---6nd th& opening of this new fac111ty­ humanely-to the individual and his life. Please consider these fac111ties yours . . . and to miss the signtficance of what it Will There is emphasis on treating the whole In VA matters-of course ... but also for mean-in time to come. man-rather than an isolated condition. community activities-not directly Involving We are here ... then ... to do more than There is a greater attempt to understand the VA. dedicate a buUding. We are here to reaffirm person-and to lay out a program of care­ To employees of this beautiful and im­ our belle! in the mission of this institution­ that takes into account his job-his family­ pressive new hospital-! have this to say: and to rededicate ourselves to that mission. and his outside living conditions. When the weekend is over-this ceremony We are here to proclaim that VA wants The fact that so many VA patients are be­ will be a thing of the past. The decorations the very best health care possible-for vet­ ing treated in outpatient clinics-for condi­ will have come down. Your guests will have erans of this area . . . and to say that we tions that formerly would have required their gone home. w1ll operate this hospital the best way we losing days or weeks in a hospital-is evi­ But the physical improvements-we dedi­ know how-to meet that objective. dence of the new concern for an individual cate today-Will be here to help you make We pledge compassion and dedication­ and his life. your service better~han it has been In the and all the skill we possess. We pledge hard And there are other programs that recog­ past. work. nize the right of the patient-to the greatest I am confident that the enthusiasm of It was another October-36 years ago-in convenience-and that make concessions to this day--'Will stUl be here, too-and I am 1938 . . . when the first pa.t1ent was admltted his individuality ... nursing home care­ sure 1t will. to the hospital here. home care-VA-supervised care by other in­ I know you wlll never confuse the presence The Veterans Administration had existed stitutions and agencies-by other physicians of buildings--or equipment-with the ab111ty as an agency for only eight years at that and dentists. to make them work to achieve a goal. time. World War I ... the "great war" ... These modes are important here- and they You wm never do less-than you can do had been over for only twenty years-and Will. grow more important-during the era personally-because of technological advance­ the great majority of American veterans which we enter today. ment. You will remember that physical im­ were of that war. provement is only an aid-to the factors But October 1938-was also the month In our hospital system-there is a dedi­ cated cadre of people-who do much to that count most-in operating a hospital­ that Nazi Germany occupied the Sudeten­ professional competence-dedlcation-skill­ land-and World War II was close at hand. help make patients comfortable-and to re­ store their health-although they are neither judgment--dillgence-and kindness. Forty thousand citizens of Vermont took To all of you here . . I wish you well in part in that great struggle-and the job of professional medical people-nor even mem­ bers of the hospital staff. the years ahead-and I look forward to other serving veterans in Vermont-took on a vast visits With you. I feel that the hospital ... new dimension. They have a great deal to do with the morale of hospital patients. They perform and the entire center ... that means so And-of course-twice since World War II much to you . . . the staff members-veter­ men and women from this area-have gone countless tasks-not assigned to staff mem­ bers. They make the experience of hospital­ ans and volunteers-residents of the com­ to war. munity-and persons who may simply be It is not comforting to remember-that ization easier to endure. I speak-of course-of VA volunteers­ classified as friends . . . is a credit to you­ we have engaged in combat three times­ and a credit to this area--and will continue since the White River Junction Hospital was those unselfish and dedicated people-who give so much of themselves to others. to be so. activated thirty-six years ago ... but it is I will always remember-that I was priv­ comforting to know-that there has been I commend-and salute-those who have been so active at this hospital. We appreciate Ileged to dedicate my first VA hospital here such an institution here-to receive those at White River Junction-and I will always who needed care following their service. you. We hope you will be even more active in the years ahead. have fond memories of this occasion. It is gratifying to know-that there have Thank you for your wonderful hospitality. been capable and devoted people-ready to And-in thanking those who perform as give this care. And it is gratifying to know volunteers-! would like to thank the orga­ that the hospital ... and the center of nizations-to which many of the volunteers which it is a part ... have received such belong-organizations which are responsible overwhelming support-from the citizens of for a strong volunteer program here--and H.R. 16424, COMMISSION ON what surely must be one of the nicest com­ that do many other things-for this hospital FEDERAL PAPERWORK munities ln the United States. and this center. Now we look to the future ... our ca­ We like to work with you ... veterans pacity for service increased--our abUity to groups-and other service organizations ••. HON. WILLIAM H. HUDNUT III serve enhanced. and we know that much of what VA does-­ OF INDIANA We start a new era here today. Its start is can only be fully successful With your help. occasioned by the fact that this magntficent We solicit your idea.&-and your op1nions­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES new hospital-is now ready for use. and we hope to continue our relationship Monday, October 7, 197 4 Although ... as I think I have already indi- With you. cated amply ... the meaning of this day is These remarks would be incomplete-if Mr. HUDNUT. Mr. Speaker, as a co­ not based solely on the fact of physical 1m· I did not refer to the future of non-medical sponsor of an identical bill, I am pleased provement--there can be none who are a activities at this eenter ••• programs 1m· that the House passed H.R. 16424 toes- October 8, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34527 tablish a Commission on Federal Paper­ vides little experience or training that and by providing specifically that the work. can be applied toward employment once States could not discriminate in their This Commission will study ways to an inmate leaves the institution; there is treatment of them. eliminate some of the bureaucratic red­ no preservice training in the particular Correctional officials of States such tape which now plagues both the small job or in-service training to improve as Wisconsin, Louisiana, Connecticut, businessman and the Federal Govern­ skills; there is little financial incentive Massachusetts, and Oregon have con­ ment. The Commission will seek recom­ to the inmate; and there is no placement tacted the director of the Minnesota mendations as to how to consolidate the or follow-up service with industries out­ project to express their interest in the reporting procedures required by the side the prison. private industry proposal and to obtain various agencies in the Federal Govern­ As a further note on the disadvantages information on it. I hope that the Con­ ment. I will also review the extent t<>­ of the current correctional system vis-a­ gress can act quickly on this legislation which Federal agencies can reduce dupli­ vis prison industry, Prof. Neil M. Singer in order to allow the impetus of this pro­ cation through cooperation with State stated in his excellent paper, "The Value gressive rehabilitation program to con­ and local government and private agen­ of Adult Inmate Manpower," which was tinue and to help insure its success. cies in the collecting, processing and dis­ prepared for the American Bar Associa­ seminating of information. Not only will tion's commission on correctional facil­ the Commission seek methods to make ities and services- the collection of data more efficient, it The total loss from wasted adult inmate WASHINGTON REDTAPE­ will, in this time of economic strain, of­ labor is conservatively $1 billion, and prob­ PUSHING UP PRiqES? fer a plan to cut costs of unnecessary ably nearer $1.6 billion per year. Federal paperwork. Obviously much is at stake. HON. VERNONW. THOMSON Since the creation of this Commission The inmate in the Minnesota project on Federal Paperwork will provide the OF WISCONSIN will receive the benefits of on-the-job, IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Congress with useful suggestions that preservice, and in-service training, ade­ will reduce Federal redtape, I am hope­ quate wages allowing him to build a fi­ Tuesday, October 8, 1974 ful that it will be finally enacted very nancial base, and a requirement that he Mr. THOMSON of Wisconsin. Mr. soon. · become financially responsible by enter­ Speaker, the heightened public aware­ ing into a contract to reimburse the pris­ ness of Government's responsibility for on for room, board, and support services, the present inflation caused by exces­ NEW DffiECTION IN REHABILITA­ to provide financial assistance to his sive and deficit spending has created a TION family, and to buy those services neces­ climate where constructive change is sary for him to become a productive possible. HON. ALBERT H. QUIE citizen. We all recognize that the mammoth OF MINNESOTA Society will benefit from the reduced Federal budget has contributed mightily cost of the correctional system and the to inflationary pressures in the economy. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES collection of taxes on wages, from re­ What we often fail to realize is that some Tuesday, October 8, 1974 leasing into society trained individuals kinds of legislation and most adminis­ Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, the State of capable of supporting themselves hon­ trative rulings have very little overall Minnesota has embarked on a new path estly, and from the reduced recidivism cost to the Government--paid by tax­ in the corrections field. Pursuant to that can be expected from enabling the payers-but have a tremendous cost to enabling legislation passed by the State former prisoner to function normally in local units of Government, school dis-­ legislature in 1973, the department of society. tricts, and in the private sector of the corrections is working to bring private However, an impediment to the success economy. This goes far beyond the costly industry to the grounds of the State of the Minnesota project exists in Fed­ "paperwork burden" to include all the prison. The objectives of allowing private eral law. For this reason, I am today in­ modifications of business places, indus­ companies to operate in the prison are to troducing legislation to amend chapter trial plants, and product design man­ manufacture or process goods, to estab­ 85 of title 18 and an act of Congress codi­ dated in Federal occupational health and lish a stable work force, to pay adequate fied at 49 u.s.c. 60; 18 U.S.C. 1761 pro­ safety laws, consumer protection, and wages to inmate workers, and to pro­ scribes the shipment in interstate com­ product safety laws and environmental vide these workers with training and in­ merce of goods, wares or merchandise cleanup laws. and-out-of-prison opportunities. manufactured, produced or mined wholly This is not to say that the above­ As explained by Mr. R. D. Conner of or in part by convicts or prisoners; 18 mentioned laws are not necessary, but Control Data Corp. in "A Position Paper U.S.C. 1762 provides that such goods only that they have a dimly perceived on Establishing a Manufacturing Opera­ must be plainly and clearly marked to but real cost to the economy-frequently tion in the Minnesota State Prison": show, among other things, the name and a nonproductive cost. Congress should be Individuals in prisons are primarily disad­ location of the penal or reformatory in­ assessing this cost and weighing it in its vantaged before they are sent there, a con­ stitution where they were produced; 49 deliberations when deciding on legisla­ dition which is worsened by the prison ex­ U.S.C. 60 divests such goods of their in­ tion requiring such expenditures. So perience. Research shows that inmates are terstate-hence protected-nature when­ should the executive agencies when they less able to adjust to society upon release ever they arrive in a State and allows for undertake administrative rulings. than they are when they are sent to prison. their treatment as if they were produced I have introduced House Resolution Forty to seventy percent commit new crimes. within the State. 1372 which would require a calculation Making punishment more stringent has not Failure to amend these laws would be worked. The large and rising cost of crime of the cost of any proposed bill or admin­ and punishment in the United States seems very detrimental to the success of a pro­ istrative regulation to be made and pub­ to be worsened by incarcerating offenders tn gram which has great promise of reha­ lished before action is taken by the Con­ prisons. Alternatives have to be found to im­ bilitating inmates. An industry must be gress or an executive agency. prove the prison's environment so that Jt able to move its goods in interstate com­ This week's edition of U.S. News & provides positive experiences. One proposed merce, and it must not have its goods World Report contains an article, alternative is allowing industry to operate a treated in a discriminatory manner. The "Washington Redtape-Pushing Up manufacturing plant within the prison to legislation I have introduced today would Prices?" which adds further evidence to provide stabllity, jobs, training, etc. correct this situation. the need for adoption of this reform. I In his paper entitled, "Private Indus­ This legislation would exempt from the commend it to my colleagues: try in the Minnesota State Prison," Mr. operation of chapter 85 of title 18 goods WASHINGTON REDTAPE-PUSHING UP PRICES? Stan Wood, director of the Minnesota produced wholly o-rpartiafly by prison­ Businessmen under pressure by the White State Prison private industry experimen­ ers if they were paid prevailing minimum House to hold down price increases are tal program, explained that prison in­ wages as determined for purposes of the sounding this complaint-- Government agencies that supervise pri­ dustry is not new. However, while such Walsh-Healey Act. Further, the legisla­ vate industries often add, indirectly, through industry has some benefits for the state, tion would exempt such goods from the excessively strict regulations and burden­ it has been an in-house, State-operated operation of 40 U.S.C. 60 by allowing some red tape, to the prices that firms venture with many drawbacks. It pro- them to retain their interstate nature charge their customers. CXX--2>177-Part 26 34528 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1974 Over and over, at the discussion meetings ards, job safety and the like. But the com­ point out that most regulatory bodies are leading up to President Ford's economic pllation is viewed as a "shopping list" to responsible to Congress and not the White summit in late September, businessmen, identify agencies and rules that have an ad· House. Therefore any changes in their opera­ farm leaders and economists pounded away verse impact on the economy. tions must be ordered by Congress. In the at this theme. The omce of Management and Budget is past, legislators have been reluctant to take Hidden costs are growing all the time. preparing a study of its own for the Presi­ any power away from the regulators they More than 100 blllion dollars' worth of dent, focusing on how regulatory agencies dominate, partly because many of their con­ annual U.S. output is directly influenced by affect economic pollcies. stituents benefit from the agencies• pro­ Government regulation, including such ma­ All these probes tend to have one thing In grams. jor lines as food, drugs, transportation, fi­ common: They look at the longstanding However, experts in and out of Govern­ nance, communications, electric power and complaint that many federally regulatory ment say that the latest attacks on the regu­ consumer products. bodies grow too close to the firms under lators are founded on arguments that come The grumbling centers on a whole batch their scrutiny-often protecting them from closer to the heart of the nation's economic of regulatory developments. For example, each other rather than promoting competi• problems, and influential members of Con­ family food bills are being shoved higher tion. gress are taking a closer look at what the by federal regulations that tend to feed in· HINDERING COMPETITION agencies are up to than in the past. In the flation. Justice Department trustbusters single out end, this may lead to regulatory reforms Charles J. carey, president of the National some of the regulatory policies of the Inter­ that have been hinted at for many years. Canners Association, says the current price state Commerce Commission as examples of of a can of corn encompasses "a.ny number deterrents to competition. of added costs reflecting not improvement of For instance, the agency requires all truck­ the product but compliance with new Gov­ ers to get prior federal approval for rates AMENDMENT TO HOUSE ernment regulations." they charge for every item hauled along RESOLUTION 1248 Mr. Carey was referring to frequent every route in interstate commerce. By limit­ changes in federal labeling requirements ing entry to a market and fixing rates, some that often force canners to scrap millions critics charge, regulators are forcing truck­ J of labels to comply with latest rulings on HON. BILL GUNTER ing-company customers, in many cases, to o• n.oamA nutritional information; to water-pollution­ pay higher rates than they would 1f com­ control regulations that, if followed to the petition were unrestricted. The Commerce IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES letter, would boost food processors' water· Commission applies simUar rules to goods Tuesday, October 8, 1974 treatment costs by 100 per cent; and to hauled by railroads and barges. And experts noise-abatement programs under the Oc· estimate that the extra costs created by Mr. GUNTER. Mr. Speaker, in the cupational Safety and Health Act that, can­ federal regulation of freight transportation event House Resolution 1248 is still open ners say, are prohibitive in cost. to amendments on Wednesday, October 9, The NCA has proposed enactment of a in the U.S. may add as much as 10 bUUon "Consumer Cost Evaluation Act,'' which dollars, and perhaps more, annually to the I intend to offer the following amend­ would require that any Government pro· shipping bUls for companies and individuals. ment which I believe will satisfy any and gram or policy that would boost prices to Among other Government policies that are all objections to the language of the consumers by a slgnl:flcant amount "must drawing fire on the ground that they have amendment offered today. provide benefits ... that bear a reasonable inflationary impact: If my colleagues are serious about ex­ relationship to such costs." Interest-rate ceil1ngs on some long-term Government bonds, that make them less tending the principle of "Government in Other charges from Industry spokesmen the Sunshine" to cover business and on the effects of federal regulatory policies: attractive in today's competitve financial Price-cutting competition among raUroads, market. markup sessions as well as hearings held trucks and barge lines 1s inhibited, rather The Davis-Bacon Act which sets wage rates in committee, then we will agree: than stimulated, by the Interstate Com­ to be paid on Government contracts. AMENDMENT merce Commission. Critics cite a current Regulation on wellhead prices of new na­ On page 20, strike out lines 9 through 25, case: At a time when prices are soaring on tural gas, a commodity in seriously short and on page 21, strike out lines 1 through all kinds of paper products, the agency has supply. 7, and insert in lieu thereof the following: refused a West Coast trucker's request to Limite:; on imports of meat, dairy products "(g) (1) Each meeting of each standing, se­ lower charges for haullng wood pulp while and other farm commodities. lect, or special committee or subcommittee, regulators study the impact on competition. Restrictions that prevent payment of in· including meetings to conduct hearings, shall Airllnes are not allowed to cut fares on terest on bank checking accounts and limit be open to the public: Provided, That a por­ highly profitable routes to beat competition. interest on savings-institution accounts. tion or portions of such meetings, except Instead, they add costly fr11ls. In addition, Many attacks on these barriers to competi­ meetings to conduct hearings, may be closed airlines complain, the Civil Aeronautics tion are being mounted by economists and to the publlc if the committee or subcom­ Board cost u.s. International carriers 8 mil· businessmen, but some are coming from mittee, as the case may be, determines by Uon dollars In lost business by cancellng low­ Administration aides and other Govern­ vote of a majority of the members of the cost youth fares on flights abroad. ment omcials who believe a simpler, less committee or subcommittee, with a quorum With natural gas in critically short supply, costly way to control business enterprise and being present, matters to be discussed or the the Federal Power Commission allowed al· promote competition is through tougher testimony to be taken at such portion or most 100 suppUers to triple rates for a 60· application of the antitrust laws. portions- day period, adding substantially to manu­ Lewis Engman, Chairman of the Federal "(A) wUl probably disclose matters neces­ facturing costs of scores of firms. At the end Trade Commission, has this to say: sary to be kept secret in the interests of of the two months, the agency admittedly "Antitrust, by itself, is no guarantee national security or the confidential con­ falled to reassess its policy or order prices cut against inflation. But Government vigilance duct of the foreign relations of the United back as originally planned. in enforcing competitive conditions can at States; Complaints of this sort are mounting least ensure that price increases attributable "(B) wm relate solely to matters of com­ against virtually every one of the dozens of to excessive demand or short supply do not mittee staff personnel or internal staff man­ federal bodies whose decisions affect the provide a cover for additional increases born agement or procedure; prices of goods and services turned out by of anticompetitive· conduct or the abuse of "(C) will tend to jeopardize the present U.S. firms. market power." or future legal rights of any person or will AmS TO INFLATION COST OF SAFETY represent a clearly unwarranted invasion of This past summer, Hendrlk Hourtha.kker, a Another regulatory body recently stirring the privacy of any individual; former member of President Nixon's Councll up a legal controversy is the Consumer Prod­ "(D) will probably disclose the identity of of Economic Advisers and now a Harvard uct Safety Commission. It ruled that the any informer or law enforcement agent or professor of economics, outline an "omnibus manufacturer of an electric "trouble light," any information relating to the investiga­ Inflation b111" for Congress that would In· after admitting the product was faulty, tion or prosecution of a crlminal offense that elude more than 40 changes In the way bust­ is required to be kept secret in the interests should spend m1llions of dollars on ads to of effective law enforcement; or ness is regulated, mostly eUminating statutes warn the public of hazards to the user that restrict competition. "(E) will disclose information relating to Such warnings are not fal11ng on deaf created by the device. trade secrets or financial or commercial in­ ears 1n the White House. Admlnlstratton However, a federal court overruled the formation pertaining specl:flcally to a g\.ven economists also have been drawing up a list Commission, stating that efforts to alert the person where- of Government activities that might un­ public taken by the company immediately "(i) the information has been obtained necessarily interfere with business and aid after the defects were detected were suf· by the Federal government pursuant to an Inflation. The Ust runs 50 pages. ficient, and the penalties prescribed by the agreement to maintain confidentiality of such Many of the prohibitions on the Ust may commission would be unnecessarily costly. information; prove essential, omcials concede, 1f the pub­ What the outcome of recent outbreaks of "(11) a Federal statute requires the infor­ He's rights are to be protected In such areas harsh critic1sm of U.S. regulatory policies mation to be kept confidential by Govern­ as fair pricing, clean air and water stand· wm be, experts say, is hard to assess. They ment officers and employees; or October 8, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34529 "(Ui) the information is required to be prising one-fourth or. more of the total mem­ comes when prices continue to skyrocket. kept secret in order to prevent undue injury bership of the entire committee or subcom­ If Government is to mean anything to to the. competitive position. of such person. mittee. Any such point of order must be Provided further, That each .hearing con­ raised before the entire House within five such people, it must not give with one ducted by each committee or subcommittee legislative days after the vote against which hand, and take with the other-promis­ thereof shall be open to the public except the point of order is raised, and such point ing hope on paper, but precluding in when the committee or subcommittee, in of order shall be a matter of highest priv1- reality the increases so vital to their very open session and with a quorum present, de­ lege. Each such point of order shall imme­ existence. termines by rollcall vote that all or part of diately be referred to a Select Committee on Accordingly, I would like to urge the the remainder of the hearing shall be closed Meetings consisting of the Speaker of the Congress to act expeditiously on SSI to the public because disclosure of testimony, House of Representatives, the majority legislation which would authorize a evidence, or other matters to be considered leader, and the minority leader. The select ''passthrough" provision for States to would endanger the national security or committee shall report to the House within would violate any law or rule of the House of five calendar days (excluding days when the coincide with increases in Federal pay­ Representatives. House is not in session) a resolution con­ ments. In this way, States such as New A separate vote of the committee shall be taining its findings. If the House adopts a York would be "held-harmless" if they taken with respect to each committee or sub­ resolution finding that the committee vote increased their supplement to meet rises committee meeting that is closed to the pub­ in question was not in accordance with the in the cost of living. lic pursuant to this paragraph, and the com­ relevant provision of subparagraph ( 1) , it In addition, I believe that we must mittee shall make available within one day shall direct that there be made publicly work to enact legislation immediately to of such meeting a written explanation of its available the entire transcript of the meeting prevent reductions in SSI benefits when action. The vote of each committee member improperly closed to the public or the por­ participating in each such vote shall be tion or portions of any meeting transcript social security benefit increases take recorded and published. improperly deleted from the publicly avail­ effect; to provide for emergency pay­ "(2) Each standing, select, or special com­ able copy. ments for lost, stolen, or undelivered mittee or subcommittee shall make public "(6) The Select Committee on Meetings SSI checks; to permit payments of SSI announcement of the date, place, and sub­ shall not be subject to the provisions of benefits in limited circumstances to be ject matter of each meeting (whether open subparagraph (1), (2). (3), or (4). paid directly to drug addicts or al­ or closed to the public) at least one week be­ coholics; to restore food-stamp eligi­ fore such meeting unless the committee or subcommittee determines by a vote of the bility to all SSI recipients; to provide for majority of the committee that committee expeditious action on applications; to business requires that such meeting be SSI amend eligibility requirements for sepa­ called at an earlier date, in which case the rated spouses; to allow judicial review committee shall make public announcement HON. OGDEN R. REID of eligibility determinations; to insure of the date, place, and subject matter of that an individual in a nonprofit retire­ such meeting at the earliest practicable OF NEW YORK ment home or institution will not have opportunity. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "(3) A complete transcript, including a list SSI benefits reduced because his/her of all Members of the committee or sub­ Tuesday, October 8, 1974 support and maintenance is partially committee attending, and of all other per­ Mr. REID. Mr. Speaker, while legisla­ subsidized by the home itself or by any sons participating and their function or tion to reform the supplemental secu­ other nonprofit institution. affiliation, shall be made of each meeting of rity income program-SSI-is pending We must work, and work immediately each standing, select, or special committee before House and Senate Committees, to terminate the unforeseen inequities or subcommittee meeting (whether open or we allowed to be passed in our original closed to the public) in addition to the rec­ tens of thousands of aged, blind, and disabled SSI recipients in New York SSI legislation in order to assist those ord required by paragraph (e) (1). Except as who suffer the most-our Nation's aged, provided in subparagraph (4), a copy of each City have been forced to move from such transcript shall be made available for their squalid single-room facilities to blind, and disabled. public inspection within seven days of each even more wretched accommodations. such meeting, and additional copies of any The reason behind this mass exodus can transcript shall be furnished to any person at be attributed to the fact that these in­ HONESTY AND FREEDOM the actual cost of duplication. dividuals' monthly SSI checks are not " ( 4) In the case of meetings closed to the high enough to meet their basic living public pursuant to subparagraph ( 1), the HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT committee or subcommittee may delete from expenses. OF FLORIDA the copies of transcripts that are required The congressional intent behind the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to be made available or furnished to the supplemental security income program public pursuant to subparagraph (3) any was to provide a basic Federal minimum Tuesday, October 8, 1974 portions which it determines by vote of the monthly income for our Nation's needy. Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, it is my majority of the committee or s"Nbcommittee In addition, States could supplement the pleasure to include at this point in the consist of material specified in subdivision SSI benefit if the States' previous pay­ RECORD, comments made by Ivan Hill, (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E) of subparagraph ment levels had been higher than the ( 1) . A separate vote of the committee or sub­ president of American Viewpoint, Inc., committee shall be taken with respect to Federal standard. While it is important Chapel Hill, N.C., as made to the Na­ each transc.ript. The vote of each committee for both the State and Federal Govern­ tional Retail Public Relations Confer­ or subcommittee member participating in ments to raise their payment levels as a ence on September 23 at Williamsburg, each such vote shall be recorded and pub­ result of increases in the cost of living, Va. Mr. Hill and his organization deserve lished. In place of each portion deleted from in New York State alone, over 200,000 great praise from the American people copies of the transcript made available to SSI recipients have not seen any in­ for the effort being made, sacrificially the public, the committee shall supply a creases in their monthly checks. and with industry, to improve the ethical written explanation of why such portion was In the New York metropolitan area deleted and a summary of the substance of climate of our country in every possible the deleted portion that does not itself dis­ alone, according to the Consumer Price way. close information specified in subdivision Index, the cost-of-living has increased The article follows: (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E) of subparagraph 10.8 percent from August 1973 to August HONESTY AND FREEDOM (1). The committee or subcommittee shall 1974. Also from July until August of this It has been said that the beginning of maintain a complete copy of the tra.nscript of year, there has been a rate of increase good public relations is a good product, a each meeting (including those portions de­ of 11.2 percent; expressed on an annual good service or a good cause-all supported leted from copies made available to the pub­ basis, the current rate of increase in by good research. Such an approach to public lic) for a period of at least one year after New York City would be 21 percent. With relations is so elemental it's a cliche. But such meetings. the cost of living continuing to rise, and we should never discount cliches because "(5) A point of order may be raised against with SSI checks remaining the same, they usually grow out of a lot of human any committee or subcommittee vote to close experience, and are often based on funda­ a meeting to the public pursuant to sub­ literally 10,000 individuals have been mental truths. I have been wondering lately pararaph ( 1), or against any committee or forced to leave their run-down, single­ 1! business might not benefit from mixing in subcommittee vote to delete from the pub­ rooms. a few old cliches with its new computers. licly available copy a portion of a meeting It is shocking, in my view, that those Perhaps someone else has mentioned to transcript pursuant to subparagraph ( 4) , by persons who are old, who are sick, who you that business, along with some other committee or subcommittee members com- are blind should struggle on fixed in- conspicuous elements of our society, appears 34530 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1974 to be having a little difficulty with its public play, on the corporate vice-president who times than any efforts we might make to image. Retail business, however, 1s com­ wants to tell the truth, just as we wish to strengthen the ethical underpinning of our paratively well regarded. The heritage of a lessen the peer-group pressure on the kid society so that the very freedom from. which family relationship stlll persists between in the cl.ass who doesn't approve of cheating. they benefit can be maintained. the customer and his or her favorite re­ Fear of exclusion from the group keeps too But at Am.erican Viewpoint we have used tailer. But, as in most family relationships, many people flexible in their integrity. We some of the old free enterprise spirit. We all sometimes someone will come in and blame must make a liar as alien to our society as work on a non-paid volunteer basis, except you for what Walter Cronkite said on last a card cheat. for one part-time secretary. We are invest­ night's news, for what goes on in Wash­ We shall soon start a test campaign in ing our money, our time and our faith in ington, or for the price of gasoline. When three markets to determine public response freedom. And we have just published a paper­ the citizens of a free society are plagued to our efforts to demonstrate that it is not back book on "How To Make America More with widespread dishonesty, violent crime stupid or nuts to be honest. Especially do Honest." Our book sells for $1.50 a copy and and sleazy ethics--aggravated by an in­ we wish the youth of America to learn that all the sales revenue goes to finance our comprehensible inflation-they can become you can be professionally and financially ethics program. If we sell enough of these disillusioned and suspicious, with a declin­ successful, even rich, and be honest. Of books we may earn enough money to carry ing faith in business, in government, in re­ course, one may have to work a little harder out our entire campaign. But I hope we don't ligion, and even in one another. and know a lot more. Honesty is really not a have to walt that long. I don't know of another time in this lazy person's game. In recent weeks it appears that a lot of country when the task of keeping good pub­ For too long we have failed to recognize Americans are beginning to share our belief lic relations has been so difficult. Perhaps, that the public, that is every individual citi­ that this job of restigmatizing dishonesty too, there has never been a time when the zen, is responsible for maintaining a free so­ needs to be done-must be done and soon. whole concept of public relations needed ciety-is responsible for crime, for dishon­ We are waking up to the realism of idealism, more to be reevaluated by standards appli­ esty, for dishonest politics. So it is abso­ to the powerfully tangible effects of the in­ cable to current problems. We may have lutely urgent that we take our challenge to tangibles. Business leaders are recognizing to go back and reexamine not only our prod­ improve our ethics directly to the public how drastically attitudes alone can change uct, our service a.nd our cause, but the values through massive mass media efforts. It is too equity values. and purposes of each. In fact, we might be late to wait for another generation to come So our paperback book is starting to sen. justified in changing the title of our vice­ along and do it. If we don't act to strengthen The problem has been to get distribution. president in charge of public relations to the ethical underpinnings of our free society, Some of the wholesalers told me they vice-president in charge of ethics. This would the next generation may not be free to do so. couldn't do business with us because we be in keeping with the fact that the best way In reference to our high rate of crime, didn't have 25 titles to put on their com­ to communicate is to tell the truth-on both isn't it reasonable to expect crime to be bred puters. Oh, it's sometimes hard for the little sides. in a bed of pervasive dishonesty? Isn't it guy, and we understand, but we are succeed­ But more than that. The new public rela­ true that quickness and certainty of pun­ ing. I told them that if our book presented tions director might well replace the law­ ishment are great deterrents to crime? Isn't a new sex discovery, they would find a place, yer as the liaison in management, just as it likely that if all elements in our enforce­ no matter who published it. The retailers the lawyer has often become the public ment procedures were fully honest we might were more cooperative. Several big book relations officer. If we wish to maintain a greatly increase the speed and sureness of chains have now ordered. I guess they figure sufficient measure of free enterprise in busi­ punishment? But for all this we need the that if they sold our book, maybe tbey would ness, we must rise above :what is simply not sanction of an honest and responsible citi­ reduce their own employee and customer 1llegal to the level of what is right. The kind zenry. theft. The real answer is that we have created of free enterprise that takes all the law some consumer demand out there by ap­ allows and then some has been out of style The second part of our ethics program is to research and develop new and more rele­ pearing on numerous TV and radio shows, for some time. However, that style keeps including the "Today" show. Roscoe Drum­ coming back in the wrong places at the vant teaching materials on ethics and values for use in the public schools-from kinder­ mond, a highly regarded syndicated news­ wrong time. In a period of severe inflation garten through graduate schools. Some good paper columnist, told his readers they should special interest enterprise can be especially read "Gulag Archipelago" and then our book dangerous to all free enterprise. materials are now being used in public schools. We wish to study and assess such so they would know what to do to avoid any Since I know of no business in Am.eric.a "Gulags" in America. If tomorrow every seg­ that would so quickly and substantially materials as well as to develop new ap­ proaches. Good ethics is basic to all good ment and almost every person in business benefit from a surge of public honesty as and labor would convert to a full schedule retailing, I now wish to tell you more about religions and there are no justifiable reasons for public schools to neglect the teaching of of honesty we might be surprised at how what Am.erican Viewpoint, Inc. is doing to values. much all of us would benefit. Profits, pro­ help make America honest enough to stay ductivity and wages might go up and prices free. Last December, when I became pres­ The third phase of our program is to en­ courage all professional and trade associa­ go down. Who knows? But the question really ident of Am.eric.an Viewpoint, we announced isn't the extent of cost benefits of increased a program to extend economic and polit­ tions, corporations and labor unions, to de­ velop or update their own codes of ethics. honesty and responsibility but whether our ical freedom in the United States by im­ free enterprise system can survive a further proving our ethics. We bought a full page We would like for such groups to take their decline in honesty. codes of ethics out of the frames on the walls, in The Wall Street Journal to outline our One of the great news magazines, Time, will three-phase program. First, we want to de­ read them, practice them, and enforce them. In carrying out these programs we hope soon start running ads on our book-ads that velop a massive mass media campaign to ask the reader to go to their retailer. Time debunk dishonesty. We wish to make honesty to establish an Ethical Resources Center at will run these on a public interest basis. How socially and culturally "all right," the smart Chapel Hill, North Carolina, for all the West­ proud Mr. Luce would have been of their thing, maybe even fairly fashionable. The ern world to use-a center where any school continued leadership. Some radio and TV campaign should be handled on a public in­ could write in for data on teaching values at stations are expected to follow suit. We are terest basis by the media, such as they do whatever grade level, any municipality could grateful for such leadership. We are also for the Am.erican Cancer Society, the Heart write in for sample municipal codes of ethics proud that the Chamber of Commerce of the Association and other groups attacking kil­ and information about how they worked, a United States, through their magazine Na­ ler diseases. We believe that dishonesty, center where any trade or professional asso­ tion's Business, wa.s among the first to widely sleazy ethics and crime are highly deadly ciation could write in for material that publicize our efforts. diseases and can k111 the diminishing chances might be used to update their codes of ethics. I knew when I took this job that it would we have of remaining a free society. And cer­ It is my greatest hope that we can get our be ditficult to relate a campaign for honesty tainly these evils are already destroying the mass media program started by January to the day-by-day task that all of us face in quality of our lives. 1st-certainly in our test markets. But not making a living and continuing to enjoy Although economic historians may not until I published our full-page ad in The freedom. But we are making progress each agree on which comes first, a severe decline Wall Street Journal last December 14 did I day that passes. in a society's honesty and morality or a realize that honesty, yes, plain honesty, is a The time has come in the United States severe inflationary spiral, the two do seem controversial issue in the United States. for the people to decide whether they really to go together. Some have already started Some leaders have told me that they are hesi­ wish an open and politically free society asking: Can a free society survive a long tant about supporting us for fear they would because no free society can exist without and severe period of inflation? The prime be accused of duplicity. Many of my business a high degree of honesty. This is not just my basis for this question 1s the unequal bur­ acquaintances said our program was too opinion. It is a commonly agreed upon his­ den of Inflation. Those who cannot keep idealistic. At least, that is one reason they torical fact. Hon~ty 1s a basic working social pace in the inflation race will condemn the gave for not supporting us. The great foun­ principle, not just a moral guideline. Of whole track meet. dations, including one funded entirely by course, most people in this country are honest Let me hasten to say to any academicians the Federal government, have apparently de­ or we couldn't do business nor could we who may be present that our ethics programs cided that funding a project such as study­ maintain sufficient order. That is not the are not based on any efforts to change the ing the matJ.ng habits of the purple-winged question. The question today 1s at what level nature of man. We simply wish to lessen butterfly in northeast New Guinea is far must public honesty be maintained ln order the team-spirit pressure, the duress of team more valuable to Am.erica in these critical for a democracy to function. When truth, October 8, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 34531 when honesty, ceases to be the overwhelming the society itself. But so long as competition it is not the best, but that it is operated too characteristic of a free society, the condition and free choice are available, 1 believe eco­ dishonestly. And we may be surprised that for truth by fiat develops. We do not Wish nomic welfare and political freedom will be the source of much of this criticism is neither truth to be established by a leader or a greater than if we permitted someone, or from the far left nor from the far right. It is government. Yet voter apathy is increasing some governmental department, to make the from independent business and professional as part of a national pattern of "diminishing choices for us. people who are the very prototypes of free participation." To my knowledge, we don't Too many citizens and philosophers believe enterprise, but whose honesty and courage have the research which reveals the figures, a political system is only as good as its lead­ will not permit them to tolerate injustice, but I believe that unless 75 to 80 per cent ers and blame those leaders for a breakdown unfairness and discrimination from big busi­ of the people are habitually, generally hon­ in morality. What the leaders believe actual­ ness, big labor or big government. est, an open society cannot function. I believe ly reflects society or they would not be In a highly complex, interdependent so­ that if dishonesty and individual apathy and leaders. It's up to the individual participants ciety, with an ever increasing technology irresponsib111ty declines 10 to 15 per cent in a society to develop their own standards-­ that binds us all together, the tolerance that from present levels, the United States is in that is if they wish a free and democratic allows for irresponsib111ty and dishonesty in very serious trouble-especially if inflation system. any segment of society becomes narrower persists. In our book on "How To Make America and closer. More than those of us now living We must make mass media efforts to More Honest" I have stated: "When a busi­ could have ever imagined, the ethic needed achieve a consensual validation within the ness operates honestly in consideration of its for one to an acre is very different from the public at large that honesty is safe, selfish environment, produces a good product or ethic needed for one thousand to an acre. and very practical. It's urgent. Many people service in an honestly competitive segment of We didn't need a Population Conference to are really afraid to be forthright and honest. a free market economy and makes a profit tell us this, but I wish they had done a bet­ It leaves them defenseless and open to ar­ because of its efficiency in doing so, it's being ter job of tel11ng this to the world. The ethic rows of criticism. They become evasive and not only socially responsible, but highly of a world of nations that blackmails one an­ evasiveness soon develops into dishonesty. ethical, too. When a business so performs, other for food or oil, all in the presence of This is unintentional; it's an environmental there should never be an occasion for the nuclear power roaming the seas and air and response. president of the company to feel that he must starvation resting in the hills and on the Doubtless, much good work has been done apologize to anyone for making a good pro­ deserts, would have been beyond our under­ in the behavioral sciences and in the human­ fit." To the critics who might doubt this standing. It is even more beyond our under­ ities. But our schools, our educators, our statement, please note the qualifications of standing now. If technology, rather than foundations may be spending too much time an honestly competitive free-market eco­ ethics or morality, enforces cooperation in and too many billions in the esoteric areas nomy. order that we may survive, then an imposed of the arts and humanities and not nearly Now, as to the relationship of ethics and centralized authority becomes inevitable. enough on ethics and values, on the morality profits, we should first keep in mind that the For some strange reason, a good public that gives meaning and purpose to all edu­ ultimate goal of ethics is the moral and relations man cautioned me against mention­ cators-to life itself. I am afraid that too spiritual perfection of individuals, while the ing the word consumerism at this meeting many of our educational leaders have not ultimate goal of business is to help provide today. He thought that by chance there only overlooked the transcendental basis but the opportunity, the means, for man to might be a few of you here whose opinions also the scientific basis for the Golden Rule. achieve his ethical goals. For what other pur­ about what's been going on in the Senate And while the faculties of our universities pose should humans live, should any insti­ on the Consumer Protection bill were differ­ demand to be academically free, they seem tution exist? The profit system just happens ent from others among you. to forget that back of anyone's individual to be the one that has worked best to achieve But I must say that those who fear the freedom must be a free society. It is noble these goals. (But young people, particularly, rising consumerism movements should con­ to speak of humanistic goals but it is neces­ rightly decry putting materialism ahead of sider that the greatest antidote to consum­ sary to understand that humans in order to all other goals. As a primary goal materialism erism is truth and responsibility. It is rea­ be fully human must be free. is destructive. As a secondary goal in life it sonable to assume that the more dishon­ Some observers have been using the figure is enormously beneficial and makes all the esty and irresponsibility we have, the larger, of 15 to 20 years as the time lag before our more possible man's ability to achieve his more annoying and more expensive will be nation ceases to be what we still can call human potentials.) the cost of government and the cost of busi­ an economically and politically free society. In order that we may be thinking together, ness. And, concomitantly, the more de­ They may be right, but I think they are let's define profits as the favorable result of mands the consumer will make for imposed optimistic. I believe that during these next business operations-the excess of income government authority and standards. two or three years the critical decisions will over expenditures. It's the incentive of an I love lots of freedom. I ran my businesses be made. And American businesses, big and elastic profit that gives vitality to a free en­ without interference, except from the stim­ little, but especially big businesses, and big terprise system. ulating prods of competitors. I have lived labor, must make up their minds: Do they If there were no profit in America, it is an insolently free life, professionally and or don't they wish an honest, competitive, doubtful that there would be much, if any, personally-and I like it. We have a daugh­ free-market economy? If business and labor ter who is a 22-year-old lawyer, a son who is demand more special favors from govern­ political freedom. Profits are still the best measure of the efficiency and beneficial serv­ a 21-year-old advertising executive, and a ment they must pay for them with more 16-year-old college-student daughter who is regulations. And since our current post­ ice performance of business in an honestly competitive economy. Thus the making of already a part-time journalist. They are pro­ industrial, super-technological economy can­ found thinkers and individualists. They have not function without the large corporate profits is a highly ethical goal of business. When we accept profit as a good motive, we a great future. You, too, no doubt, have sons structures, we must strive to keep them free. and daughters in whom you have great But when business or labor interests seek should identify it with freedom and respon­ sibility. The American public must under­ faith. For whom you want great op­ from government non-competitive advan­ portunities. But if they are to achieve a tages, they thereby declare their own lack of stand, before it's too late, that profits and individual freedom go together. And business high measure of their human potential, they faith in a free market economy. must enjoy economic and political freedom. I am concerned about the frequency With must understand that destroying competi­ tion is suicide for freedom. To maximize For the benefit and glory of all Americans, which we hear about the demise of the free young and old, I hope you will join with us enterprise system. Some are saying that the either profits or wages under less than hon­ estly competitive conditions, we engage in in a crusade against two of America's great­ whole idea of the economic system of the es·t evils--hypocrisy and dishonesty. That is West is in question. And we hear so much an expedient, short-range program that has no service feature or ethical base in its strat­ the road to more efficient business, as well about nationalization of transportation, as more efficient and far less government. energy companies and ut1llties that I would egy. Excessive profit, usually obtained under less than honestly competitive conditions, The cathartic effect of simple honesty can not be surprised to find a nationalization have an extraordinary effect on the moral plank in a 1976 candidate's platform-espe­ destroys itself just as excessive wages are cially if there are three or four national self destructive under the same type of non­ confusion and so-called alienation in our parties on the scene. As business moves to­ competitive conditions. society. It can have, too, an enormous bene­ ward government for help, government moves Unfortunately, some of those who have fit on profits and productivity. It may be our toward business With regulations. Both gov­ risen to the defense of American capitalism single most effective move against inflation. ernment and business, in so doing, lose sight and the free enterprise system do more harm Perhaps a great and unifying improvement of the primacy of the people's interest. And than good. For private property is not a God­ in our ethics and basic honesty will so the public has enjoyed so many benefits from ordained institution. It has been created by heigh ten our morale, build our inner government and from business under our sys­ society, which grants us the right to hold strengths, that other nations will respect tem that it has neglected its own sense of this property in return for the performance us all the more for our example and for individual responsibility. of socially desirable ends. But I cannot over­ our determination to uphold the principles You cannot have political freedom and emphasize that when one talks about a free­ of freedom. And if the United States cannot personal freedom without economic freedom. market economy, one must recognize that make it up to the next level of clvllization, Economic freedom is based on honesty and the very essence of such an economy is hon­ if we cannot survive with a high degree of faith. Honesty and faith cannot be imposed estly in method and policy. The main source economic and political freedom, what na­ on a public. The morality must stem from of criticism of our system today 1s not that tion can or will? 34532 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1974 DOCTOR SUPPLY FACES THREAT­ member of the state medical educatlonto the public if the committee or subcom­ PART II board, said the medical school proposal mittee, as the case may be, determines by would take "total community cooperation" vote of a majority of the members of the and urged that the various hospitals and committee or subcommittee, with a quorum HON. JOSEPH P. VIGORITO colleges work together to iron out dift'erences being present; matters to be discussed or the and make the medical school a reality. testimony to be taken at such portion or OJ' PENNSYLVANIA "With community support, we can do all portions-- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES kinds of things," Dr. Lyons said, referring to "(A) will probably disclose matters nee­ Tuesday, October 8, 1974 the success of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, essary to be kept secret in the interests of Minn., where he studied as a medical student. national security or the confidential conduct Mr. VIGORITO. Mr. Speaker, I was Dr. Wllliam Kelly, another member of the of the foreign relations of the United States: very pleased to read in the November 2, state board and Pittsburgh internist, said "(B) will relate solely to matters of com­ 1973, Erie Morning News that the Penn­ the three problems facing the proposed medi- mittee staff personnel or internal staff man­ sylvania secretary of health has pro­ cal school are the community, the commu- agement or procedure; nity hospitals and physicians on the boards "(C) will tend to jeopardize the present or posed a medical school without walls to and the involvement of legislators. future legal rights of any person or will rep- produce general practice physicians for State Sen. Quentin Orlando and Rep. resent a clearly unwarranted invasion of the the Erie area. I think my colleagues may Robert Bellomini both expressed their in- privacy of any individual; be interested in an article from that terest in the medical school and called for "(D) will probably disclose the identity newspaper. active local support to take with them to of any informer or law enforcement agent [From the Erie Morning News, Nov. 2, 1973] Harrisburg. or any information relating to the investi- Dr. Kelly said the revised Pennsylvania gation or prosecution of a criminal offense GP MED SCHOOL PROPOSED IN ERIE Medical Practice Act, which is presently be- that is required to be kept secret in the in­ (By George Cantoni) ing developed, would take the national or- terests of effective law enforcement; or Pennsylvania Secretary of Health J. Finton ganizations out as medical authorities in . "(E) will disclose information relating to Speller has proposed a "medical school with­ Pennsylvania and retain them rather as con- trade secrets or financial or commercial in­ out walls" to produce general practice physi­ sultants. The revised act would also bring formation pertaining specifically to a given cians for the Erie area. the community hospitals into the main- person where- Speller made the proposal in a letter sent stream of medical education. "(i) the information has been obtained by to deans of the Commonwealth's seven Dr. Russell Roth, president of the Amer- the Federal government pursuant to an medical schools and legislators earlier this lean Medical Association and an Erie physi- agreement to maintain confidentiality of year, according to the deputy secretary, Dr. clan, said he hoped that the state board does such information; Charles Leedham. not think in terms of limiting funds to the "(11) a Federal statute requires the in­ Citing the area's colleges, hospitals and state's seven medical schools on the condi- formation to be kept confidential by Gov­ patients in the city's population, Leedham tion that they consider Pennsylvania. stu- ernment officers and employees; or said Erie could provide general practitionel"6 dents above out-of-state students. "(111) the information is required to be with solid basic teaching in general science Dr. Walker said he thinks in terms of $9 kept secret in order to prevent undue injury and clinical experience. to $10 million-rather than $100 million for to the competitive position of such person. In addition, Dr. Leedham said, a medical the new Hershey Medical School-for Erie's Provided further that each hearing con­ school would develop general practitioners program with 30 to 40 students to start. "It's ducted by each committee or subcommittee to locate in this area, providing more "family not an impossibil1ty," he said. thereof shall be open to the public except doctors" for the Erie County area. In the meantime, state medical education when the committee or subcommittee, in Dr. Leedham, along with other members ofil.cials urged the hospitals--both medical open session and with a quorum present, de­ of the Pennsylvania State Board of Medical and osteopathic-to join residency programs termines by rollcall vote that an or part of Education and Licensure, was a guest of the and work for afil.liation with an already es- the remainder of that hearing shall be closed Erie Post-Graduate Medical Institute at a tablished medical school. to the public because disclosure of testimony, public hearing on a medical school Thursday The medical education ofil.cials said or- evidence, or other matters to be considered evening at Gannon College. ganizations made up of medical school deans would endanger the national security or The Erie Post-Graduate Medical Insti­ are seeking to wipe out all residency pro- would violate any law or rule of the House tute-an association of Erie County medical grams at community hospitals not afil.Uated of Representatives. and osteopathic physicians-appears to be with medical schools. A separate vote of the committee shall be the main force to establish a medical school taken with respect to each committee or sub­ here, since a medical school would provide committee meeting that is closed to the pub­ more opportunities for continuing medical lic pursuant to this paragraph, and the com- education to the area physicians, the Insti­ mittee shall make ava.llable within one day of tute's primary goal. AMENDMENT TO HOUSE such meeting a written explanation of its Dr. John Robertson, chairman of the state RESOLUTION 988 action. The vote of each committee member medical education board and a Philadelphia participating in each such vote shall be re­ surgeon, spoke of the lack of spaces in medi corded and published. cal schools, adding that the problem is fur­ HON. BILL GUNTER "(2) Each standing, select, or special com­ ther complicated in Pennsylvania since its OF FLORmA mittee or subcommittee shall make pubUc seven medical schools "take a lot of out-of­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES announcement of the date, place, and sub­ state students". Of 38,000 students who ap­ ject matter of each meeting (whether open plied to medical schools in this country, only Tuesday, October 8, 1974 or closed to the public) at least one week be­ 13,000 students were accepted. Mr. GUNTER. Mr. Speaker, I intend fore such meeting unless the committee or Dr. Ph111p Ingaglio, a board member and subcommittee determines by a vote of the Philadelphia general practitioner, said he to offer the following amendment to majority of the committee that committee was "impressed" with Erie's potential for a House Resolution 988 and hereby attach business requires that such meeting be called medical school. the text to give timely notice to my col­ at an earUer date, in which case the commit­ "You have more than enough fac111ties leagues. tee shall make public announcement of the and more than enough beds," he said, I believe the amendment will satisfy date, place, and subject matter of such meet­ "There's enough going on in the various any and all objections to the language ing at the earlier practicable opportunity. disciplines. of the amendment offered Tuesday. "(3) A complete transcript, including a "I think a medical school without walls list of all Members of the committee or sub­ would be very fortunate," Dr. Ingaglio said, If my colleagues are serious about ex­ committee attending, and of all other per­ adding, "with the proviso that you share tending the principle of government sons participating and their tunction or afil.l­ residency programs."· in the sunshine to cover business and iation, shall be made of each meeting of each He said the "medical schools without markup ses&ions as well as hearings held standing, select, or special committee or sub­ walls" concept would "greatly reduce costs," in committee, then we will agree: committee meeting (whether open or closed and serve as ali "excellent way in solving To House Resolution 988, on page 45, to the public) in addition to the record re­ problems of foreign medical graduates." strike out lines 2 through 23, and on page quired by paragraph (e) ( 1) . Except as pro­ Seeing the Erie proposed medical school 46, strike out lines 1 and 2, and insert in vided in subparagraph (4), a copy of each as a system for training those pre-medical lieu thereof the following: such transcript shall be made available for students who are not accepted at a state "(g) (1) Each meeting of each standing, public inspection within seven days of each medical school, Dr. Ingagllo cited the area select, or special committee or subcommit­ such meeting, and additional copies of any as having a "close to perfect setup here." He tee, including meetings to conduct hearings, transcript shall be furnished to any person said the Institute is "developed to that shall be open to the public: Provided, That a at the actual cost of duplication. point." portion or portions of such meetings, except "(4) In the case of meetings closed to the Dr. Richard Lyons, a local physician and meetings to conduct hearings, may be closed public pursuant to subparagraph (1), the October 9, 1974 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 34533 committee or subcommittee may delete from THE CHARLESTON TEXTBOOK On the contrary it appears to attack the the copies of transcripts that are required to DISPUTE social values that make up civllization. be made available or furn\shed to the public Repeatedly it pits black against white ac­ pursuant to subparagraph (3) any portions centuating their differences and thereby, which it determines by vote of the majority HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE stirring up racial animosity. of the committee, or subcommittee consist OF INDIANA It dwells at length on the sexual aspects of material specified in subdivision (A). (B), of human relationships in such an explicit (C), (D). or (E) of subparagraph (1). A sep­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES way as to encourage promiscuity. arate vote of the committee or subcommit­ Tuesday, October 8, 1974 The theme of pacifism runs throughout. It tee shall be taken With respect to each tran­ repeatedly and continuously depicts the script. The vote of each committee or Mr. LANDGREBE. Mr. Speaker, par­ horrors of war without ever suggesting, so subcommittee member participating in each ent and minet: protests in Charleston, far as I could find, the possib111ty that men such vote shall be recorded and published. W.Va., have been prominently featured have fought wars because conditions were In place of each portion deleted from copies in the news in the recent month. The intolerable and that some things are worth of the transcript made available to the pub­ parents of Kanawha County have finally fighting for. lic, the committee shall supply a written ex­ read for themselves some of the text­ It concentrates on the sordid aspects of planation of why such portion wa.s deleted books which their children are required life without ever suggesting that there is, and a summary of the substance of the de­ or can be, a. beautiful aspect. By so doing to use in compulsory classes supported it promotes hopelessness and fails to moti­ leted portion that does not itself disclose in­ by tax money exacted from their par­ vate upward. formation specified in subdivision (A), (B), ents. What they find is that the text­ One example of the content that I object (C). (D), or (E) of subparagraph (1). The books are designed to separate the chil­ to 1s found in the supplementary reader en­ committee or subcommittee shall maintain dren from their parents and their cul­ titled, "War and Peace". This "poem to be a complete copy of the transcript of each ture, in too many cases. One columnist read aloud" consists of 26 lines starting with meeting (including those portions dele~d "BombA, BombB, BombC" and continuing from copies made available to the publlc) for a West Virginia newspaper recently through the alphabet to the last line, for a period of at least one year after such took a look for himself at these textbooks, "BombZ". That 1s the entire poem. One thing meetings. and saw what the parents were talking is sure-it shouldn't be hard to memorize. " ( 5) A point of order may be raised against about. He concludes with words with Another poem has the line, "Christ said any committee or subcommittee vote to close which I find myself very much in agree­ that when one sheep was lost, the rest meant a meeting to the public pursuant to subpara­ ment: nothing anymore." It is hard to imagine graph (1), or against any committee or sub­ Historically the goal of education has been how a philosophy could be so completely committee vote to delete from the publicly to raise the level of society, but these books distorted. available copy a portion of a meeting tran­ take the reverse view and aim to level society Another book gives examples of answers to script pursuant to subparagraph ( 4), by to the lowest common denominator. If that use when accused of shoplifting to avoid committee or subc('mm!ttee members com­ is the goal of education, then we don't need prosecution. These are not just isolated ex­ amples. It was the extent of this type of prising one-fourth or more of the total mem­ to spend a. lot of money to do it. It would occur naturally. propaganda throughout the books that bership of the entire committee or subcom­ shocked me. Time tested literary classics are mittee. Any such point of order must be I insert the full text of the comments crowded out by the type of writing I have raised before the entire House within five from the West Virginia newspaper to described. You have to look through the legislative days after the vote against which show that there is a genuine problem books to believe it, and every parent and the point of order is raised, and such point with elementary and secondary educa­ taxpayer should take the time to do it. of order shall be a matter of highest privi­ tion there: Aside from the fact that the philosophy is lege. Each such point of order shall immedi­ revolutionary and appears to attack the ac­ ately be referred to a Select Committee on MUST EDUCATION CORRUPT? cepted values of our society, the series really Meetings consisting of the Speaker of the I have looked at examples of the new Eng­ doesn't do a. very good job of teaching gram­ House of Representatives, the majority lish books that are proposed for Kanawha. mar. The course suggests that there are County schools, and I am horrified. I ex­ many dialects within our society and that leader, and the minority leader. The select pected them to have some objectionable the grammatical forms commonly accepted committee shall report to the House within things in them after I heard the WCH8-TV as right are not necessarily the correct ones, five calendar days (excluding days when the editorial try to justify one book about a queer that expressions like "he dont understand" House is not in aession) a resolution con­ person. curtis Butler explained the "queer" can be perfectly acceptable. It appears to taining its findings. If the House adopts a. really didn't mean what we thought it did, promote the use of "aint" as acceptable. resolution finding that the committee vote that "queer" only meant unusual, and, if I use "aint", but I always know it is not in question was not in accordance with the you didn't believe this, you could look it up correct, and, furthermore, I didn't have to relevant provision of subparagraph (1), it in the dictionary. This doesn't quite jibe with go to school to learn to use it. This brings shall direct that there be made publlcly the rest of the content, however. which is up the real objection to this curriculum: available the entire transcript of the meet­ supposed to be relevant-that is, to relate to Why spend money to teach the very things ing improperly closed to the public or the the language of the real world that people that uneducated people do naturally? His­ live in and to use language the way it is used torically the goal of education has been to portion or portions of any meeting tran­ today. It would be hard to find a person raise the level of society, but these books script improperly deleted from the publicly today who doesn't consider that "queer" take the reverse view and aim to level society available copy. means homosexual, yet that thought is not to the lowest common denominator. If that .. (6) The Select Committee on Meetings supposed to enter our minds. 1s the goal of education, then we don't need shall not be subject to the provlsions of I object to this literature because I see to spend a lot of money to do it. It would subparagraph (1), (2), (3), or (4). very little in it that is inspiring or uplifting. occur naturally.

SENATE-Wednesday, October 9, 1974 The Senate met at 9 a.m. and was Help us, 0 Lord, to run when we can, the Journal of the proceedings of Tues­ called to order by the President protem­ to walk when we ought, and to wait when day, October 8, 1974, be dispensed with. pore (Mr. EASTLAND). we must. May the pace of our work be The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ consistent with the urgency of our Na­ out objection, it is so ordered. PRAYER tion's needs. Help us to create great pro­ The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward grams and to attempt great deeds. When L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following we are uncertain give us the wisdom and COMMITTEE MEETINGS DURING grace to seek Thy clear guidance. SENATE SESSION prayer: We pray in His name, who is the Way, Hear the words of the prophet Isaiah: the Truth, and the Life. Amen. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask "They that watt upon the Lord shall unanimous consent that all committees renew their strength,· they shall mount may be authorized to meet during the up with wings as eagles; they shall run, THE JOURNAL session of the Senate today. and not be weary; and they shall walk, Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ and not /aint."-Isaiah 40: 31. unanimous consent that the reading of out objection, it is so ordered.