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Killing Hope U.S
Killing Hope U.S. Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II – Part I William Blum Zed Books London Killing Hope was first published outside of North America by Zed Books Ltd, 7 Cynthia Street, London NI 9JF, UK in 2003. Second impression, 2004 Printed by Gopsons Papers Limited, Noida, India w w w.zedbooks .demon .co .uk Published in South Africa by Spearhead, a division of New Africa Books, PO Box 23408, Claremont 7735 This is a wholly revised, extended and updated edition of a book originally published under the title The CIA: A Forgotten History (Zed Books, 1986) Copyright © William Blum 2003 The right of William Blum to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Cover design by Andrew Corbett ISBN 1 84277 368 2 hb ISBN 1 84277 369 0 pb Spearhead ISBN 0 86486 560 0 pb 2 Contents PART I Introduction 6 1. China 1945 to 1960s: Was Mao Tse-tung just paranoid? 20 2. Italy 1947-1948: Free elections, Hollywood style 27 3. Greece 1947 to early 1950s: From cradle of democracy to client state 33 4. The Philippines 1940s and 1950s: America's oldest colony 38 5. Korea 1945-1953: Was it all that it appeared to be? 44 6. Albania 1949-1953: The proper English spy 54 7. Eastern Europe 1948-1956: Operation Splinter Factor 56 8. Germany 1950s: Everything from juvenile delinquency to terrorism 60 9. Iran 1953: Making it safe for the King of Kings 63 10. -
The Educational Backgrounds of Leading Journalists
The Educational Backgrounds of Leading Journalists June 2006 NOT FOR PUBLICATION BEFORE 00.01 HOURS THURSDAY JUNE 15TH 2006 1 Foreword by Sir Peter Lampl In a number of recent studies the Sutton Trust has highlighted the predominance of those from private schools in the country’s leading and high profile professions1. In law, we found that almost 70% of barristers in the top chambers had attended fee-paying schools, and, more worryingly, that the young partners in so called ‘magic circle’ law firms were now more likely than their equivalents of 20 years ago to have been independently-educated. In politics, we showed that one third of MPs had attended independent schools, and this rose to 42% among those holding most power in the main political parties. Now, with this study, we have found that leading news and current affairs journalists – those figures who are so central in shaping public opinion and national debate – are more likely than not to have been to independent schools which educate just 7% of the population. Of the top 100 journalists in 2006, 54% were independently educated an increase from 49% in 1986. Not only does this say something about the state of our education system, but it also raises questions about the nature of the media’s relationship with society: is it healthy that those who are most influential in determining and interpreting the news agenda have educational backgrounds that are so different to the vast majority of the population? What is clear is that an independent school education offers a tremendous boost to the life chances of young people, making it more likely that they will attain highly in school exams, attend the country’s leading universities and gain access to the highest and most prestigious professions. -
Breaking News
BREAKING NEWS First published in Great Britain in 2018 by Canongate Books Ltd, 14 High Street, Edinburgh EH1 1TE canongate.co.uk This digital edition first published in 2018 by Canongate Books Copyright © Alan Rusbridger, 2018 The moral right of the author has been asserted British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available on request from the British Library ISBN 978 1 78689 093 1 Export ISBN 978 1 78689 094 8 eISBN 978 1 78689 095 5 To Lindsay and Georgina who, between them, shared most of this journey Contents Introduction 1. Not Bowling Alone 2. More Than a Business 3. The New World 4. Editor 5. Shedding Power 6. Guardian . Unlimited 7. The Conversation 8. Global 9. Format Wars 10. Dog, Meet Dog 11. The Future Is Mutual 12. The Money Question 13. Bee Information 14. Creaking at the Seams 15. Crash 16. Phone Hacking 17. Let Us Pay? 18. Open and Shut 19. The Gatekeepers 20. Members? 21. The Trophy Newspaper 22. Do You Love Your Country? 23. Whirlwinds of Change Epilogue Timeline Bibliography Acknowledgements Also by Alan Rusbridger Notes Index Introduction By early 2017 the world had woken up to a problem that, with a mixture of impotence, incomprehension and dread, journalists had seen coming for some time. News – the thing that helped people understand their world; that oiled the wheels of society; that pollinated communities; that kept the powerful honest – news was broken. The problem had many different names and diagnoses. Some thought we were drowning in too much news; others feared we were in danger of becoming newsless. -
Discourses on European Integration in the UK Press: an Assessment of the New Labour Era
Discourses on European Integration in the UK press: an assessment of the New Labour era. Mark Shaw School of Government and International Affairs, and University College, Durham University The influence of the media on attitudes towards European integration is much debated. In the UK, the print media - newspapers in particular - have been characterised as being dominated by Eurosceptic attitudes (Daddow 2012). Some have gone so far as to describe the nature of press reporting of the European Union as ‘insulting the public’ (Anderson and Weymouth 1999). In the period in which New Labour formed the UK Government, between 1997 and 2010, this Euroscepticism was faced by a project in government that sought to change the dynamics of the relationship between the UK and EU - breaking out of the pattern of ‘awkwardness’ set in the past, and adopting a more constructive tone (George 1998; Daddow 2011). This change has been characterised by Oliver Daddow (2011) as a programme to redefine the core components of British national identity: encouraging Britain to appreciate its role and place in European history, and encouraging the British people to embrace a European future. Tony Blair declared this as a key objective of his first government in 1997, pledging to give the UK ‘strength and confidence in leadership… particularly in respect of Europe’ (Blair 1999). Even in 2009, Gordon Brown echoed Blair’s message, pledging to put Britain ‘at the heart of Europe’. However, Labour’s project to redefine the way the British see themselves in relation to Europe failed. This can in part be attributed to the fact that neither Blair nor Brown were willing to challenge the narratives on Europe found in the popular press (Price 2005; Daddow 2011). -
PLANT HERE the STANDARD Also by Dennis Griffiths
PLANT HERE THE STANDARD Also by Dennis Griffiths THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE BRITISH PRESS (Editor) 200 NOT OUT 'The choice of a name then claimed our attention. The object was to make a stand against the inroad of principle; contrary to our Constitution in Church and State; a very appropriate motto was chosen by Dr Giffard (the Editor) Sig;nifer, statue sig;num, Hie optime manebimus Plant here The Standard. Here we shall best remain. and on the 21st May, 1827, The Standard was reared, hauled as a rallying point and was speedily followed by the raising of Standards in the Provincial and Colonial Conservative Press. Even Foreign newspapers have adopted the name.' - Charles Baldwin, Publisher Plant Here The Standard Dennis Griffi ths ~ MACMILLAN © Dennis Griffiths 1996 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WI P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1996 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-1-349-12463-3 ISBN 978-1-349-12461-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-12461-9 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. -
ACCURACY There Is the Technically Correct Attitude Towards Accuracy, and Then There Is the Sometimes Messy Reality
A ACCURACY There is the technically correct attitude towards accuracy, and then there is the sometimes messy reality. The following is roughly what you will be taught in journalism school: ‘Accuracy is the essence of journalism. Anyone can – and will – make mistakes but getting basic and easily checkable information wrong is hard to forgive. Names. Numbers. Addresses. These cannot be fudged if they are wrong: they are either correct or incorrect. If a news organ isation has to make a correction, the whole piece feels tainted. If there is a mistake in the basics, how can a reporter be relied upon to get right complex and contentious issues addressed elsewhere in a piece?’ The advice will continue in this vein: ‘Once a story is finished, reread it to catch typos or other mistakes, and there invariably will be some. Some reporters will press send in expectation that a news editor, subeditor or copy editor will pick up errors. Unfair. News editors, subeditors and copy editors regularly pick up mistakes but the accuracy of a piece remains 100 per cent the responsibility of the writer. A mistake made while writing to a tight deadline is understandable but it is no defence. When there is no pressing deadline, the best journalists read and reread a piece as much as they can, maybe even leaving it overnight to look at it again fresh in the morning. And then check again. And again.’ All good advice, and yet it feels like only the beginning. Note the 1947 Hutchins Commission into journalism in the US and its warnings about publishing accounts that are ‘factually correct but substantially 1 605BBB_tx.indd 1 10/11/2020 15:06 A untrue’.