Bechev, D. & Georgiev, D. (Eds.), Faunistic diversity of Vrachanski Balkan Nature Park. ZooNotes, Supplement 3, Plovdiv University Press, Plovdiv, 2016

Crustaceans from the groundwaters of Vratchanska Planina Mountains

IVAN PANDOURSKI, APOSTOL APOSTOLOV

Abstract. Thirty one species from 21 localities are reported from groundwaters of Vratchanska Planina Mountain. The list of species is completed on the basis of available bibliographic sources and original data of authors. Faunal samples are collected at the natural access to underground ecosystem, caves and springs. Eight species are stygobionts: three cyclopoids, one harpacticoid, three isopods and one amphipod, or 6.6 % of all the Bulgarian stygobiont Crustacean fauna. Elaphoidella balkanica Apostolov and Protelsonia lakatnicensis (Buresch & Gueorguiev) are local endemic species of the Vratchanska planina Mountains.

Key words: , karst, caves, groundwaters, Vratchanska Planina Mountains, Bulgaria.

Introduction

Crustaceans are frequently found in Bulgarian groundwaters and they are one of the most numerous groups in the karstic water ecosystem of Vratchanska Planina Mts.. According to some contemporary conception (Valchev et al., 2013), Lakatnik part belongs to Mogilska Formation of the Vratchanska Planina Mts., therefore here we have included the species composition of crustaceans in caves and springs of this area. The present article summarizes all the information concerning the species composition and distribution of the Crustaceans in groundwaters of Vratchanska Planina Mts., including all published GDWD)DJH  GHVFULEHGWKHÀUVWVW\JRELRQWLFFUXVWDFHDQVSHFLHV Niphargus bureschi) LQWKHUHJLRQRI/DNDWQLN,QWKHPLGGOHRIWKHODVWFHQWXU\äWśUED  SXEOLVKHGVKRUW note with redescription of stygobiontic cyclopid Speocyclops infernus inhabiting the cave water of “Temnata dupka” near Lakatnik. Later, Buresch & Gueorguiev (1962) decribed the hypogeous endemic isopod Protelsonia lakatnicensis from the same cave. During the period 1990 – 2000 more intensive, but of incidental nature investigations were carried out: Pandourski (1991, 1992, 1998, 2000) and Apostolov (1992, 2012).

Material and Methods

The list of Crustacean species in groundwaters of Vratchanska Planina Mts. is completed on the basis of available bibliographic data, mentioned above in Introduction, and

 CRUSTACEA FROM GROUNWATERS original data of authors. Faunal samples are collected at the natural access to underground HFRV\VWHPFDYHVDQGVSULQJVE\GLUHFWÀOWHULQJRIZDWHUDWWKHRXWOHWXVLQJSKUHDWLFQHW RI &YHWNRY   SODQNWRQ QHWV RI PHVK VL]H EHWZHHQ  DQG  ǍP DQG KDQGKHOG SODQNWRQQHW)DXQDOPDWHULDOLVDOVRFROOHFWHGZLWK%RX5RXFKSXPSRUE\WKHPHWKRGV RIDUWLÀFLDOVXEVWUDWHVRURI.DUDPDQ&KDSSXLV 0DWKLHXHWDO 7KHVDPSOHVZHUH FROOHFWHGIURPWKHGLIIHUHQWK\GURG\QDPLF]RQHVRINDUVWWKHLQÀOWUDWLRQDQGWKHVDWXUDWHG ]RQHVDQGGXULQJORZZDWHUDQGKLJKZDWHUSHULRGV The material originates from 21 localities (Table 1). For some of caves and springs their geographic position is mentioned only by topographic names because the accurate coordinates are unknown.

Table 1. Collection localities of crustacean species in Vratchanska Planina Mts..

No Localities Coordinates (WGS84), topographic name Caves 1 “Barkite 14”, Gorno Ozirovo Village N43º 13’ 10.2” E23º 27’ 23.1” 2 “Ledenika”, Vratza 1ƒ¶¶¶(ƒ··· 3 “Belyar”, Gorno Ozirovo Village 1ƒ¶¶¶(ƒ··· 4 “Stresherska Jama”, Gorno Ozirovo 1 ƒ ¶ ¶¶ ( ƒ ¶ Village ·· 5 “25 Godini Akademik” (“Barkite 08”), N 43° 13‘ 18.72‘‘ E 23° 27’ 24.69’’ Gorno Ozirovo Village 6 “Temnata Dupka”, Lakatnik railway 1ƒ¶¶¶(ƒ¶·· station 7 “Razhishkata Peshtera”, Lakatnik 1ƒ¶¶¶(ƒ¶·· railway station 8 “Ezeroto”, Tcherepish railway station 1ƒ¶¶¶(ƒ¶·· 9 “Kalna Matnitza”, Glavatzi Village 1 ƒ ¶ ¶¶ ( ƒ ¶ ¶¶ 10 “Dupkata” Beli izvor village 11 Cave near “St. Ivan Pusti” Monastery, 1ƒ¶¶¶(ƒ¶·· near “St. Ivan Pusti” Monastery Karstic Springs 12 “Jitoljub”, Lakatnik railway station 1ƒ¶¶¶(ƒ¶·· 13 Karstic spring Bistretz village 14 “Beli izvor” Vratza 15 “Kalna Matnitza”, Glavatzi village 1ƒ¶¶¶(ƒ¶·· 16 “Opletnenski izvori”, Opletnya Village 1ƒ¶¶¶(ƒ¶·· 17 “Ezeroto”, Tcherepish railway station 1ƒ¶¶¶(ƒ··· 18 “Petrenski izvor” 1ƒ¶¶¶(ƒ¶·· ArtiÀcial galleries and geologic borehole 19 Mine “Zgorigrad”, Zgorigrad Village 1ƒ¶¶¶(ƒ··· 20 ArtiÀcial gallery, *RUQD %HOD 5HWFKND 1ƒ¶¶¶(ƒ¶·· Village 21 Geologic borehole Beli Izvor Village

 CRUSTACEA FROM GROUNWATERS

Results and Discussion

Species composition with number of localities Subphylum Crustacea Class Ostracoda x 2VWUDFRGDJHQVS Class Maxillopoda Subclass Copepoda Order Cyclopoida x Cyclopoida – copepdites: 4 x Paracyclops Àmbriatus )LVFKHU  x Paracyclops poppei 5HKEHUJ  x Eucyclops serrulatus )LVFKHU  x Cyclops strenuus)LVFKHU x Megacyclops viridis -XULQH  x Macrocyclops albidus -XULQH  x Acanthocyclops vernalis vernalis )LVFKHU  x Acanthocyclops sp. (“kieferLµJU  x Diacyclops languidoides /LOOMHERUJ  VODW  x Diacyclops languidoides languidoides /LOOMHERUJ  x Diacyclops clandestinus .LHIHU  x Diacyclops bisetosus 5HKEHUJ  x Metacyclops minutus &ODXV  x Speocyclops infernus .LHIHU  x Speocyclops lindbergi'DPLDQ Order Harpacticoida x +DUSDFWLFRLGDJHQVS x Bryocamptus (Bryocamptus) minutus &ODXV  x Bryocamptus (Rheocamptus) pygmaeus6DUV x Bryocamptus (Rheocamptus) zschokkei tatrensis 0LQNLHZLF]  x Bryocamptus (Limocamptus) dacicus &KDSSXLV  x Canthocamptus (Canthocamptus) staphylinus -XULQH  x Pesceus schmeili 0UD]HN  x Moraria (Moraria) poppei 0UD]HN  x Attheyella (Attheyella) wierzejskii wierzejskii 0UD]HN  x Attheyella (Attheyella) crassa 6DUV  x Elaphoidella balkanica$SRVWRORY Class Branchiopoda Order Dipolstraca x Streblocerus serricaudatus )LVFKHU  x Daphnia (Daphnia) parvula)RUG\FH Class Order Isopoda x Asellus aquaticus /LQQDHXV  x Bureschia bulgarica9HUKRHII

 CRUSTACEA FROM GROUNWATERS

x Sphaeromides bureschi )DJH  x Protelsonia lakatnicensis %XUHVFK *XHRUJXLHY  Order x NiphargusVS x Niphargus bureschi)DJH

Thirty one species of Crustaceans are known from groundwaters of Vratchanska Planina Mts. but we consider that the faunal list can be enriched by further research. Eight species are stygobionts: three cyclopoids, one harpacticoid, three isopods and one amphipod (6.6 % of the Bulgarian stygobiont Crustacean fauna). Widely distributed in the karst of Western Stara Planina is the Balkan endemic species Speocyclops lindbergiRULJLQDOO\GHVFULEHGIURP5RPDQLDElaphoidella balkanica is a local endemic species, known only from a cave in high part of the Vratchanska Planina Mts.. Protelsonia lakatnicensis is also known only from a single locality – the cave “Temnata Dupka” near Lakatnik. This isopod could be considered as an endemic relict species which SUREDEO\RULJLQDWHGGXULQJWKH8SSHU&UHWDFHRXV 3DQGRXUVNL %UHVNRYVNL 

References

Apostolov, A. (1992) Copépodes harpacticoïdes cavernicoles de Bulgarie. I. Trois nouveaux représentants du genre Elaphoidella Chappuis, 1929. Annales de Limnologie,    Apostolov, A. (2012) Catalogue des copépodes harpacticoïdes de Bulgarie. DIMAT, Bourgas, 131 pp. Buresch, I. & Guéorguiev, V. (1962) Contribution à la connaisance des espèces du genre Stenasellus (Crustacea, Asellota) en Bulgarie avec déscription d’une nouvelle espèce. – Bulletin de l‘Institut de zoologie et musée6RILD &YHWNRY/8QILOOHWSKUpDWRELRORJLTXHBulletin de l‘Institut de zoologie et musée, 6RILD Fage, L. (1926) Sur un Niphargus des eaux souterraines de Bulgarie, Bulletin de la Société des sciences de Cluj   0DWKLHX-0DUPRQLHU3/DXUHQW5 0DUWLQ'  5pFROWHGXPDWpULHOELRORJLTXH aquatique souterrain et stratégie d’échantillonnage. Hydrogéologie Pandourski, I. (1991) Copepods from groundwaters of Middle Iskar valley. – PhD Thesis, Institute of zoology, Bulgarian Academy of sciences, Sofia: 146 p. (in Bulgarian) Pandourski, I. (1992) Contribution à l’étude des cyclopides (Crusdtacea, Copepoda) des eaux souterraines karstiques de la Bulgarie avec déscription du Speocyclops rhodopensis sp. n. Acta zoologica bulgarica Pandourski, I. (1998) Catalogue of stygobiontic higher crustaceans (Crustacea, Malacostraca) from Bulgaria. Acta zoologica bulgarica  ² Pandourski, I. (2000) Cyclopides (Crustacea: Copepoda) des eaux souterraines de Bulgarie: distribution et remarques morphologiques. Historia naturalis bulgarica 3DQGRXUVNL, %UHVNRYVNL6  2ULJLQHGHV,VRSRGHV&LURODQLGHVHW6WpQDVHOOLGHV dans les eaux souterraines karstiques de la montagne de Stara planina Occidentale et Moyenne (Bulgarie) en relation avec l’histoire paléogéographique de la région.

 CRUSTACEA FROM GROUNWATERS

Mémoires de Biospéologie äWśUED 2   . SR]QiQL EXFKDQN\ Speocyclops infernus (Copepoda, Cyclopoida). Vďstník ÿeskoslovenské spoleĀnosti zoologické   9DOFKHY%6DFKNRY' .DUVKHYD.  *HRORJLFDOSKHQRPHQDLQWKH%D]RYVNLSDUW of Vratsa Mountain. Annual of the University of mining and geology “St. Ivan Rilski”,   

Authors’ addresses:

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ǾȎȘȜȜȏȞȎȕțȖ (Crustacea) ȜȠ ȝȜȒȕȓȚțȖȠȓ ȐȜȒȖ țȎ ǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎ ȝșȎțȖțȎ

ǶǰǮǻǽǮǻDzȁǾǿǸǶǮǽǮǿȀǼǹǮǽǼǿȀǼǹǼǰ

(ǾȓȕȬȚȓ)

ǿȨȜȏȧȎȐȎȠ ȟȓ  ȐȖȒȎ ȞȎȘȜȜȏȞȎȕțȖ ȜȠ  țȎȣȜȒȖȧȎ Ȑ ȝȜȒȕȓȚțȖȠȓ ȐȜȒȖ țȎ ǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎ ȝșȎțȖțȎ ǿȝȖȟȨȘȨȠ țȎ ȐȖȒȜȐȓȠȓ ȓ ȟȨȟȠȎȐȓț ȐȨȕ ȜȟțȜȐȎ țȎ țȎșȖȥțȖȠȓ ȏȖȏșȖȜȑȞȎȢȟȘȖ ȖȕȠȜȥțȖȤȖ Ȗ ȜȞȖȑȖțȎșțȖ ȒȎțțȖ țȎ ȎȐȠȜȞȖȠȓ ȂȎȡțȖȟȠȖȥțȖȠȓ ȝȞȜȏȖ ȟȎ ȟȨȏȞȎțȖ Ȑ ȕȜțȖȠȓ țȎ ȓȟȠȓȟȠȐȓț ȒȜȟȠȨȝ ȒȜ ȝȜȒȕȓȚțȎȠȎ ȓȘȜȟȖȟȠȓȚȎ ² ȝȓȧȓȞȖȠȓ Ȗ ȖȕȐȜȞȖȠȓǼȟȓȚȐȖȒȎȟȎȟȠȖȑȜȏȖȜțȠȖȠȞȖȤȖȘșȜȝȖȒȖȓȒțȎȣȎȞȝȎȘȠȖȘȜȖȒȎȠȞȖȖȕȜȝȜȒȖ Ȗ ȓȒțȎ ȎȚȢȖȝȜȒȎ ȖșȖ   ȜȠ ȖȕȐȓȟȠțȎȠȎ ȒȜȟȓȑȎ ȏȨșȑȎȞȟȘȎ ȟȠȖȑȜȏȖȜțȠțȎ ȢȎȡțȎ Elaphoidella balkanica $SRVWRORY Ȗ Protelsonia lakatnicensis %XUHVFK  *XHRUJXLHY  ȟȎ șȜȘȎșțȖȓțȒȓȚȖȠȖȕȎǰȞȎȥȎțȟȘȎȝșȎțȖțȎ