ZAMBIA WORLD BANK
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ANNEXES
REPORT VOLUME III FOR THE PROPOSED
IRRIGATION SCHEME IN MWOMBOSHI IN CHISAMBA DISTRICT
DECEMBER 2016
Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
TABLE OF ANNEXES
1 ANNEX 1: MAPS FOLDER ...... 3
2 ANNEX 2: INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN (IPMP) ...... 16 2.1 Principles of IPM ...... 16 2.2 Requirements for World Bank Funded Projects ...... 17 2.3 Implications for the IDSP ...... 17 2.4 IPM strategy for Mwomboshi ...... 18
3 ANNEX 3: EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTION PLAN ...... 23 3.1 Introduction ...... 23 3.2 Dam Hazard Area ...... 23 3.3 Responsibility And Authority ...... 23 3.4 Identification of Emergency ...... 24 3.5 Notification Guidelines ...... 24
4 ANNEX 4: LOCATION OF WATER SAMPLING POINT ...... 27
5 ANNEX 5: WATER QUALITY RESULTS ...... 28
6 ANNEX 6: MAIN PLOT DATA COLLECTION FORM ...... 30
7 ANNEX 7: REGENERATION PLOT DATA COLLECTION FORM ...... 31
8 ANNEX 8: FAUNA DATA COLLECTION FORM ...... 32
9 ANNEX 9: LIST OF BIRDS OBSERVED IN THE FARM AREA ...... 33
10 ANNEX 10: LIST OF REPTILES OBSERVED IN THE FARM AREA ...... 35
11 ANNEX 11: PROPOSED HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY ... 36 11.1 Managing safety at Work place ...... 36 11.2 Preventing Accidents and Injuries ...... 36
12 ANNEX 12: CHECK LIST FOR THE ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ...... 39
SOFRECO 1 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
13 ANNEX 13: CHECKLIST OF FISH IN MWOMBOSHI AREA . 41
14 ANNEX 14: CHECKLIST OF REPTILES IN MWOMBOSHI AREA ...... 43
15 ANNEX 15: CHECKLIST OF BIRDS IN MWOMBOSHI AREA ...... 45
16 ANNEX 16: MINUTES OF MEETINGS WITH STAKEHOLDERS ...... 49 16.1 Introduction ...... 49 16.2 Objectives of the meeting ...... 49 16.3 Plenary discussion ...... 49
17 ANNEX 17: MINUTES OF DISCLOSURE MEETING ...... 53 17.1 Introduction ...... 53 17.2 Opening remarks ...... 53 17.3 Proceedings ...... 54 17.3.1 Presentation of the ESIA ...... 54 17.3.2 Plenary Discussion ...... 55 17.4 Way forward ...... 57 17.5 Closing Remarks ...... 57
18 ANNEX 18: ZEMA TORS APPROVAL LETTER ...... 62
19 ANNEX 19: DAM DESIGN DRAWINGS ...... 63
20 ANNEX 20: RESERVOIRS DESIGN DRAWINGS ...... 65
21 ANNEX 21: LIST OF AFFECTED PERSONS...... 69
22 ANNEX 22: SOIL REPORT ...... 87
23 ANNEX 23: HYDROLOGICAL REPORT ...... 88
24 ANNEX 24: PHOTO BANK ...... 89
25 ANNEX 25: ESIA FINAL REPORT – ANNEXES MWOMBOSHI ...... 92
SOFRECO 2 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
1 ANNEX 1: MAPS FOLDER
Figure 1-1: Map 1- Irrigation schemes in Zambia (Source National Irrigation policy) ...... 4 Figure 1-2: Location of IDSP Group 1 Sites ...... 5 Figure 1-3: Sketch Map of the Location of Mwomboshi Group 1 Site ...... 6 Figure 3-2: Layout of proposed irrigation system ...... 7 Figure 3-3: Proposed water supply system for Tier 4, Mwomboshi (source: Z&A, Nov. 2014) ...... 8 Figure 4-1: Mwomboshi Dam Layout and Geometry ...... 9 Figure 7-2: Hydrological overview of the Mwomboshi River catchment ...... 10 Figure 7-3: Contributing sub-catchments to the proposed dam ...... 11 Figure 7-5: Geology of the project site and surrounding areas ...... 12 Figure 7-6: Hydrogeology of Mwomboshi catchment (modified after GRESP, 2012) ...... 13 Figure 7-8: Soil suitability map of Mwomboshi north and proposed irrigation areas ...... 14 Figure 7-13: Map of Animal Life in Mwomboshi project area ...... 15
SOFRECO 3 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Figure 1-1: Map 1- Irrigation schemes in Zambia (Source National Irrigation policy)
SOFRECO 4 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Figure 1-2: Location of IDSP Group 1 Sites
SOFRECO 5 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Figure 1-3: Sketch Map of the Location of Mwomboshi Group 1 Site
SOFRECO 6 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Figure 1-4: Layout of proposed irrigation system
SOFRECO 7
Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
F
Figure 1-5: Proposed water supply system for Tier 4, Mwomboshi (source: Z&A, Nov. 2014)
SOFRECO 8 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Figure 1-6: Mwomboshi Dam Layout and Geometry
SOFRECO 9 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Figure 1-7: Hydrological overview of the Mwomboshi River catchment
SOFRECO 10 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Figure 1-8: Contributing sub-catchments to the proposed dam
SOFRECO 11 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Figure 1-9: Geology of the project site and surrounding areas
SOFRECO 12 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Figure 1-10: Hydrogeology of Mwomboshi catchment (modified after GRESP, 2012)
SOFRECO 13 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Figure 1-11: Soil suitability map of Mwomboshi north and proposed irrigation areas
SOFRECO 14 ANNEXES - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Figure 1-12: Map of Animal Life in Mwomboshi project area
SOFRECO 15 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
2 ANNEX 2: INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN (IPMP)
2.1 Principles of IPM Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an ecosystem approach to crop production and protection that combines different management strategies and practices to grow healthy crops and minimize the use of pesticides (FAO, 2013). IPM is based on: . Acceptable pest levels - the emphasis is on control, not eradication. All pests have an economic threshold below which the cost of control exceeds the benefit; . Preventive cultural practices - with good planning and husbandry, many pest threats can be mitigated; . Monitoring - inspection and identification. With specialised support and experience, most farmers will be able to undertake this, but recording will remain the responsibility of the IPM manager; . Safe and responsible controls -in order of priority: mechanical, biological and then chemical. (USEPA, 2012). The benefits of IPM include: . Reduced pesticide usage, leading to safer working conditions, less pollution, safer food, reduced resistance in pest populations, the enhancement of natural pest-enemy populations, and usually lower production costs; . Improved recognition and understanding of pest problems amongst farmers, leading to timely interventions and higher yields; . Increased bio-diversity; . More sustainable production systems. In the context of this IPM plan, pests include agricultural insect pests and plant diseases, weeds, birds, rodents, and human or livestock disease vectors.
SOFRECO 16 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
2.2 Requirements for World Bank Funded Projects The World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.09 - Pest Management, December 1998) states that: The procurement of any pesticide in a Bank-financed project is contingent on an assessment of the nature and degree of associated risks, taking into account the proposed use and the intended users. With respect to the classification of pesticides and their specific formulations, the Bank refers to the World Health Organization's Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification (Geneva: WHO 1994-95). The following criteria apply to the selection and use of pesticides in Bank-financed projects: . They must have negligible adverse human health effects; . They must be shown to be effective against the target species; . They must have minimal effect on non-target species and the natural environment. The methods, timing, and frequency of pesticide application are aimed to minimize damage to natural enemies. Pesticides used in public health programs must be demonstrated to be safe for inhabitants and domestic animals in the treated areas, as well as for personnel applying them; . Their use must take into account the need to prevent the development of resistance in pests. The Bank requires that any pesticides it finances be manufactured, packaged, labelled, handled, stored, disposed of, and applied according to standards acceptable to the Bank. The Bank does not finance formulated products that fall in WHO classes IA and IB, or formulations of products in Class II, if (a) the country lacks restrictions on their distribution and use; or (b) they are likely to be used by, or be accessible to, lay personnel, farmers, or others without training, equipment, and facilities to handle, store, and apply these products properly. 2.3 Implications for the IDSP The intensive agriculture expected to be developed under the IDSP will inevitably lead to an increase in pesticide use. Most of the proposed area (except part of Tier 2 which is still un-cleared) is currently used for rain-fed crop production, mainly sorghum and maize. These crops are normally grown without pesticides, except for seed dressings on purchased seed. Vegetables, in particular, have a much higher requirement for insecticides and fungicides. Class II products are permitted as Zambia has adequate legal provisions for managing agrochemicals. The Government controls distributors of pesticides through the Environmental Management Act (EMA), particularly, the Pesticides and Toxic Substance Regulations No.28 of 1997. All Distributors are required to be licensed by ZEMA, with conditions. In addition, the distributors are expected to provide the right information to the farmers through right labelling and training (D. Phiri p.c. Sep-13) In addition, any company who will be distributing the pesticides in the project area will be expected to provide the required training. It is not expected that any Class I chemicals will be required in the project area as there are adequate Class II or III products to control any pests. Distributors operating in the area must be directed not to supply Class I chemicals.
SOFRECO 17 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
2.4 IPM strategy for Mwomboshi Main pest challenges Almost 90% of the irrigated area will be occupied by wheat in the winter, and soya beans in the summer. Although there are risks of serious crop losses in mono- cropping systems, the wheat/soya rotation is particularly successful in Zambia because the continual rotation of graminaceous and leguminous crops breaks the life cycle of many pests, especially weeds, and the crops have relatively few major enemies which cannot be easily controlled. The main threats are from foliar diseases which are normally controlled with resistant varieties or fungicides. Wheat – Fungal: stem rust (Pucinia graminis), leaf rust (Puccinia recondita) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis). Soya beans –Fungal: rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), frog-eye leafspot (Cercospora sojina), red leaf blotch (Pyrenochaeta glycines). Bacterial: bacterial blight (Psuedomonas syringae/glycines), bacterial pustule (Xanthamonas phaseoli) Vegetables suffer from a wide range of pests, but one major threat to almost all vegetables are nematodes, which are difficult to control, can build up in the soils over seasons and cause serious losses. As they thrive in light soils, they can be expected to pose a particular threat to intensive vegetable production at Mwomboshi. As herbicide usage in vegetables is limited by the danger to following crops and limited range available, much of the weed control will be manual, which is a major challenge in such a large area of vegetables. The major diseases in tomatoes are early and late blight, powdery mildew and several viruses introduced by insects. Cabbage and other brassicas are usually attacked by caterpillars, especially the larvae of diamond-back moth. Watermelons and other cucurbits are particularly vulnerable to virus diseases. Maize - the main pests are cutworm, stalk-borer, maize streak virus, grey leaf spot and termites. The intensive vegetable plots in Tier 1 will be particularly susceptible to pest outbreaks, with multiple users in close proximity growing common crops. Training Training of farmers is the first and most important step. It must be assumed that none of the Tier 1 and Tier 2 farmers have received training in IPM. The Tier 3 and 4 senior management is expected to be conversant with IPM, but their middle management will require IPM training which will be conducted before the scheme is operational. In addition pesticide distributors will be required to provide training in safe handling and application to all buyers, and provide labels on all packs. Pest identification is a key component of training, together with practical methods of monitoring pest populations. Then control methods will be covered, with cultural controls taking priority, followed by biological interventions, and then chemicals as a last resort. Cultural practices The techniques that will be employed include: . Good husbandry as healthy crops are more resistant to pest attack and damage;
SOFRECO 18 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
. Crop rotation and timing of planting/harvest – specifically for Tier 1 and part of Tier 2 where annual crops will be grown; . Inter-cropping – planting different crops within each plot at the same time to repel or disrupt insect pests and nematodes; . Choice of variety or cultivar – this often requires purchasing improved varieties of seed or plant material, which can be relatively expensive. The training will emphasise the benefits of using genetic resistance and tolerance to diseases. There are no GMO cultivars available in Zambia, but there is a wide selection of improved non-GMO varieties with good disease-resistance packages; . Irrigation practices and drainage – good water management to promote crop growth while avoiding excessive watering and standing water; . Field hygiene – removal of diseased and infested plants, both in a growing crop and after harvest, will reduce the chance of spread to other plants or subsequent crops; . Weeding - Weeds disrupt the growth of crops and can act as hosts for pests. Regular hand-weeding is required in small) vegetable plots in Tiers 1and 2; . Mulching – the use of benign organic matter to protect the soil from direct sunlight and damage by rain or overhead-irrigation improves the environment for crop growth and beneficial organisms. Farmers must first remove seeds from mulch and avoid using diseased plant material. Minimum tillage. Most of these techniques are standard farming practices, but they require planning by the farmer, which will start with training and improve with experience and extension services provided under the project. They are not fool proof solutions, and need to be augmented with direct interventions (see below) in order to keep pest levels below economic thresholds. Some will require extra labour, such as weeding, mulching and field hygiene. Biological controls There is a limited selection of biological controls that can be purchased in Zambia. Predatory insects are not commercially available, but there is an increasing range of bacterial and fungal agents that can be purchased. The major agrochemical suppliers are now actively promoting new biological formulations. The main source of beneficial organisms will be from the naturally-occurring population, which will be encouraged by inter-cropping of plants that attract them, and minimal use of broad-spectrum pesticides. The controls that can be employed include: Bacterial agents e.g. Bacillus thurengensis (BT) suspension for the control of caterpillars and bollworms, Bacillus sp. + Psuedomonas sp. (Nemablok) for nematodes, Bacillus sp. + Psuedomonas sp. (Patostop) for fungal disease on roots and foliage on all crops, Gliocladium sp. For root and stem diseases like Fusarium – these are readily available from local suppliers. Natural insecticides e.g. Neem – not readily available. Predatory nematodes to control plant-parasitic nematodes – need to be encouraged by minimum tillage and mulching. Green manures with nematicidal and soil-improving properties e.g. mustard, Tagetes sp., red sun-hemp – seed can be multiplied locally, best planted in rainy season when less demand for cropping land.
SOFRECO 19 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
The biological controls which are recommended are bacterial agents, which are affordable and can be sprayed, or applied through centre-pivots, and green manures which have multiple benefits and are cheap to grow. Mechanical controls These methods involve actions by the farmer such as hand-picking, erecting insect barriers, using traps, and tillage to disrupt breeding. Hand weeding is also a mechanical control for weeds. The use of simple homemade traps is a practical solution for vegetables. The traps can be coloured bowls with water, or coloured boards coated with oil. Yellow traps attract leaf-miner adults, whiteflies, aphids (winged forms) and thrips among other insect pests. Thrips are also attracted to white and blue. As the yellow colour attracts many insect species, including beneficial insects, use yellow sticky traps only where necessary. (Infonet, 2013). Sticky yellow boards have been successfully used in Zambia to control crop pests like leaf miner. Light traps can be used to attract moths of armyworm, stalk-borer, and cutworm, however they also attract many other insects and are not practical for small holders. Specific pheromone traps are the most effective for mass-trapping but are not readily available and not affordable for small holders. Mechanical controls are not recommended as a major tool in insect pest control, but hand-weeding will be the main method of weed control in vegetables. Chemical controls The use of chemicals should be restricted to WHO Class III (slightly hazardous) products whenever possible, with Class II (moderately hazardous) chemicals used only when essential. Class II includes many commonly used pesticides including synthetic pyrethroids, dimethoate, and endosulphan (WHO, 2004). It will be necessary to educate farmers on the dangers of these chemicals both to themselves and consumers, and the natural pest- predators and wildlife. The list of class 3 alternatives must also be provided. There is a sufficient range of chemicals which are Class II or better available in Zambia to control all of anticipated pest problems. Table 21 (in section 4.4: Agrochemicals) above, lists the recommended chemicals which will control most of the anticipated pests to an acceptable level. Handling and application of chemicals Although most vegetable farmers are familiar with spraying, all farmers and workers in Tiers 1 and 2 will need training in safe handling and application techniques. Knapsack sprayers will be the main method of application in small plots, but protective clothing, which is rarely used, must also be available from chemical suppliers, together with the required training. Larger plantings in Tier 3, Tier 2 out-growers and Tier 4 will be sprayed by tractor and boom-sprayer, while large centre pivots with standing crops will receive some fungicide applications by aerial spraying. Storage of chemicals The use of chemicals comes with an obligation to store them securely. The development of the scheme must include chemical storage facilities. Tier 3 will build their own store and it is recommended that the groups or cooperatives occupying Tier 2 do the same. Tier 1 is more problematical due to the number of farmers involved, and their habit of keeping their chemicals at home. It is recommended that chemical distributors be required to supply affordable and
SOFRECO 20 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
lockable plastic boxes for farmers to store their chemicals in, as a centralised store for Tier 1 is impractical. Tier 4 farmers already have chemical stores. Monitoring and management A crucial component of a successful IPM programme is the effective and regular monitoring of pest populations. This requires expertise in the form of extension officers, record keeping and some practical traps for insect pests. The traps employed must be of a type that can be easily supplied and maintained, which necessarily restricts the range of insects that can be monitored in this way. Regular field inspections by trained officers will be the most effective method of monitoring, and the officer can provide advice to farmers. Records must indicate quantitative observations and advice given to farmers. This approach will also teach farmers in field situations and make the IPMP more sustainable. There is an incentive for Tier 3 to cover the IPM management of Tier 2 out- growers, who may occupy the small centre pivots, however there is no obvious linkage between Tier 3 and the vegetable growers on Tier 1 and 2, so this responsibility would be best taken on by extension officers of MAL, who are already active in the area and whose capacity is expected to be improved as the scheme develops. The implementation of IPM is especially important, and challenging, in Tier 1, with many individuals growing susceptible crops in a confined area. There must be a collective approach to pest control, rather than individuals reacting only to their own problems – this will require strong leadership from extension officers and lead farmers. The management of the IPMP requires annual reviews to be made to assess its effectiveness, the levels of adoption and compliance, and to amend the plan if necessary. It must also take note of observations made by the environmental monitoring team and determine if pesticides are damaging the environment. The annual review should be conducted by MAL, who can out-source the task to an IPM expert if they do not have the capacity. Table 23 below outlines the activities required to implement and monitor the IPM programme. Priority must be given to Tier 1 when implementing the plan.
SOFRECO 21 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Table 2-1 IPMP implementation schedule
PHASE ACTION OBJECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY TIMING
To ensure training covers all the required At least 1 month before Update IPMP and share with trainers CB&CP components which can be practically applied. training starts IPM training of lead farmers T1 and At least 3 months before Teach farmers principles & methods of IPM CB&CP with external provider extension officers opening of T1 IPM training of T2 framers and T3 & 4 Teach farmers/managers principles & methods At least 3 months before CB&CP with external provider middle management of IPM opening of T2-4 Pre- operation Scouting of existing rain-fed crops & Establish baseline of pest pressure and train Rainy season following IPM MAL Extension Officers report farmers how to scout & record training Scouting of existing vegetable crops & Establish baseline of pest pressure and train Dry season following IPM MAL Extension Officers report farmers how to scout & record training Selection of approved chemical Approve only those suppliers that are reputable, Before scheme is IDSP-NC suppliers registered, and capable operational Training in safe chemical Ensure that all users are aware of hazards and Within 3 months of IDSP-NC handling/storage safe handling & application operation starting Commence regular scouting of Monitor pest levels and implement controls MAL Extension Officers Monthly vegetable crops & recording Operation – Yr1 Refresher training of lead farmers T1 Reinforce 1st training and address problems External provider engaged by MAL 1 year after 1st training and extension officers which have arisen. Scouting of T3 & T2 out-grower crops, Monitor pest levels and implement controls T3 management Monthly from 1st planting & records Scouting of T4 crops & recording Monitor pest levels and implement controls T4 management Monthly from 1st planting Assess results and effectiveness of 1st yr of Review of IPMP and report to MAL External consultant engaged by MAL After 1 yr of operation IPMP, report on pests and controls. Monitoring Yr1 Revise IPMP in light of experience in 1st year, External consultant with MAL Corrective actions based on review Following review of IPMP explain any new approaches to MAL E.O.s Extension Officers Implementation of revised pest control Improve the effectiveness and adoption of the MAL Extension Officers with lead Following approved methods IPMP farmers and T3 mgmt. corrective actions Operation – Yr2+ Scouting of all crops & recording Monitor pest levels and implement controls Lead farmers Monthly Scouting of T4, T3 & T2 out-grower Monitor pest levels and implement controls T3, T4 management Monthly crops, & records Monitoring Yr2+ Review of IPMP and report to MAL Assess results and effectiveness of IPMP, report IPM expert from MAL or external Repeat annually on pest problems and controls used, recommend improvements.
SOFRECO 22
Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
3 ANNEX 3: EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTION PLAN
3.1 Introduction The Emergency Response Action Plan ERAP Mwomboshi Dam and extent of dam hazard area. It further identifies those responsible for dam operation and implementation of the ERAP as well as describing the procedures for training staff, reviewing, testing and updating the ERAP. Contact information and actions to be taken in an event of such flooding are also elaborated. 3.2 Dam Hazard Area For purposes of this plan, dam hazard area is that area that would suddenly get inundated in an event of dam failure. The dam once constructed will support irrigation of crops such as tobacco, soya beans, maize and wheat in the scheme. The proposed dam with a capacity of about 60 MCM will be able to release about 7 MCM per annum for the downstream Bushcut dam as well as the requirement for environmental flow. Mwomboshi dam will be a 27.5 m high dam with a total crest length of 1,683 m. Filed surveys coupled with pre-failure analysis were performed to determine the extent of inundation in an event that the dam fails. This exercise revealed that settlements downstream of the dam within the stream basin would be inundated. 3.3 Responsibility And Authority The Scheme Company will be responsible for maintaining Mwomboshi Dam and the scheme manager assisted by a team of engineers and craftsmen will be responsible for the operation of the dam. The General Manager will be the ERAP Coordinator and will have an overall responsibility for implementing the ERAP, including training staff and periodic reviewing, testing and updating of the plan. A designated mobile telephone number for the General Manager will be provided as an emergency contact telephone number and circulated to all staff and the public by displaying at strategic places including notice boards. The General Manager will regularly observe the dam. Inspections and routine
SOFRECO 23 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
maintenance would be done three times a year. During high water level conditions, the General Manager will be on 24hrs call. Specifically, the General Manager will be responsible for the following: . Determining the emergency level as soon as an emergency event is observed or reported; . Notifying staff and Chisamba District Disaster management and Mitigation Committee; . Providing updates of the situation to the relevant authorities in making timely and accurate decisions regarding warnings and evacuations; . Ensure the ERAP is reviewed and updated annually and copies of the revised ERAP are distributed to all concern; . Serving as the primary contact person responsible for coordination of all emergency actions; . Preparing emergency management personnel for possible evacuations when required; . Initiating warnings and order evacuation of people at risk downstream of the dam; . Decide when to terminate the emergency. 3.4 Identification of Emergency Identification of an emergency involves events or conditions that indicate an emergency. This is followed by defining the levels of emergency and deciding how staff and the general public will be notified in the event of an emergency. With regard to a dam, an emergency exists when dam failure has occurred or when dam failure is imminent. Floods are a major cause of dam failure and therefore monitoring the dam during high water level conditions is critical. However, failure may also occur during normal conditions, and this failure tends to be the most dangerous because the resulting flood would be sudden. The General Manager and his team shall pay particular attention to; indicators of a potential dam failure which include: . Noticeable movement of the spillway; . Spillway flowing with active gully erosion; . Overtopping flow eroding the embankment slope; . Slumping or sloughing of the embankment; . Excessive erosion on the embankment, below the spillway, or at the abutments; . Excessive seepage or cloudy seepage through the abutments or embankments; . Settlement or cracking in the embankment; . Large cracks in the spillway; . New sinkhole in reservoir area or on embankment; . Sudden or rapidly proceeding slides of the embankment slope; . Damage to dam or appurtenances that has resulted in uncontrolled water release. 3.5 Notification Guidelines The General Manager will be responsible for notification of staff, the public and relevant authorities. Two critical steps are cardinal in the notification process.
SOFRECO 24 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
The first step will be the detection of an unusual or emergency event. The second step will be the classifying of the event into one of the following three emergency levels. Emergency level 1: It’s a non-emergency but, unusual event and slowly developing. This situation would not be normal but not yet a threat to the operation or structural integrity of the dam. However, it may continue to deteriorate. The General Manager and his team will investigate the situation and recommend actions to be taken. Emergency level 2: It’s a potential dam failure situation, rapidly developing. This situation may eventually lead to dam failure and flash flooding downstream, but there is not an immediate threat of dam failure. Should this occur, the General Manager will closely monitor the condition of the dam and periodically report the status of the situation to the relevant Authorities. If the dam condition worsens and failure becomes imminent, Chisamba Disaster Management and Mitigation Committee will be notified immediately of the change in the emergency level to ensure people at risk downstream are evacuated. Irrigation Scheme Company working in conjunction with relevant authorities will facilitate the process. Meanwhile, the General Manager and engineers will evaluate and recommend remedial actions to prevent failure of the dam. This emergency level will also be applicable when flow through the earth spillway has or is expected to result in flooding of downstream areas and people near the channel could be endangered. Emergency level 3: It’s urgent and dam failure is imminent or in progress. This is an extremely urgent situation when a dam failure is occurring or obviously is about to occur and cannot be prevented. Flash flooding will occur downstream of the dam. This situation will also be applicable when flow through the earth spillway is causing downstream flooding of people and roads. The General Manager will inform relevant authorities including Chisamba District Disaster management and Mitigation Committee while at the same time make arrangement for immediate emergency services to evacuate all the people at-risk. Periodic Training, Review, Updating and Testing The ERAP will from time to time be reviewed, updated and tested. Training of members of staff to handle an emergency situation at Mwomboshi Dam will be a continuous process. Annually the General Manager will verbally review the plan with members of staff to explain the procedures to follow in the event of an emergency, address any changes that need to be made in the plan, answer questions regarding the procedures, and test their understanding of the plan by stimulating a dam failure. Termination Whenever the ERAP has been activated, an emergency level has been declared, all ERAP actions have been completed, and the emergency is over, the ERAP operations will eventually have to be terminated. The General Manager, in liaison with Chisamba Disaster Management and Mitigation Committee will be responsible for terminating ERAP operations and relaying this decision to Clem Investment. It is then the responsibility of General
SOFRECO 25 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Manager to inform others (team of engineers and dam operators) to notify others that the event has been terminated. In an event of an Emergency of Level 3 event that has not caused actual dam failure, the engineers will inspect the dam to determine whether any damage has occurred that could potentially result in loss of life, injury, or property damage. If it is determined that conditions do not pose a threat to people or property, the engineers may advise the General Manager to terminate EAP operations as described above. Irrigation Scheme Company through the General Manager shall ensure that the Dam Safety Emergency Situation Report is completed documenting the emergency event and all actions that were taken then avail copies to relevant authorities including the Water Board. A summary of emergency events, suggested remedial action and responsible person is elaborated in Tables below.
SOFRECO 26 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
4 ANNEX 4: LOCATION OF WATER SAMPLING POINT
Sampling Point Name Latitude (S) Longitude(E) Remarks No. 1 Kalimina School -14.77534 28.33024 Borehole 2 Mwomboshi Clinic -14.78686 28.28530 Borehole
SOFRECO 27 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
5 ANNEX 5: WATER QUALITY RESULTS
SOFRECO 28 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
T1, Zambezi T4, Zambezi M2, Nr. Parameter river @ T6, Zambezi river river @ Lusitu Musakashi T3, Kafue river T2, Kafue river T5, Kalimina Chirundu @ Jordan WHO Guideline borehole @ Musakashi @ Kafironda School(T05) (Maximum permissible (Mwomboshi) value for drinking water)
1 Bicarbonate (mg CaCO3/l) 80 68 74 40 270 425 140 500 2 Sulphate (mg/l) 2 <0.01 2 1 74 107 1 250 3 Chloride (mg/l) 9 8 5 6 13 10 15 250 4 Total phosphate (mg/l) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 5 5 Magnesium (mg/l) 12 8 10 8 29 40 3 - 6 Calcium (mg/l) 12 15 14 5 60 106 53 200 7 Potassium (mg/l) 1.9 1.7 1.1 1.3 2.8 2.1 3.2 - 8 Sodium (mg/l) 5.9 5.3 3.3 4 8.6 6.6 9.9 200 9 Manganese (mg/l) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.5 10 Cadmium (mg/l) <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.003 11 Lead (mg/l) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 12 Zinc (mg/l) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.211 3 13 Copper (mg/l) <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 2 14 Aluminium (mg/l) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.2 15 Total Hardness (calculated) 81 70 75 44 268 427 144 500 18 pH 7.1 7 7 5.8 7.8 7.8 6.82 6.5 - 8.5 19 Ec (µS/cm) 93 93 93 50 491 785 372 1500 20 Eh (mV) -17 -15 -21 54 -85 -61 -58 - 21 TDS(mg/L) 46 47 47 25 245 391 162 1000 22 Temp (°C) 25.4 26.4 26.8 23.9 26.7 26.4 24.9 - 23 Ionic balance, % error 10 11 9 13 -4 -3 11 24 Sodium Adsorption Ratio 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.4 - 25 Residual Sodium Carbonate -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 -0.9 -1.6 -0.6 - 26 Magnesium Hazard (MH), % 63.13 45.41 54.96 72.48 44.14 38.31 8.24 - Chloride Toxicity (CT), 19 0.25 0.23 0.14 0.17 0.37 0.28 0.42 - meq/l
SOFRECO 29 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
6 ANNEX 6: MAIN PLOT DATA COLLECTION FORM
SOFRECO 30 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
7 ANNEX 7: REGENERATION PLOT DATA COLLECTION FORM
SOFRECO 31 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
8 ANNEX 8: FAUNA DATA COLLECTION FORM
SOFRECO 32 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
9 ANNEX 9: LIST OF BIRDS OBSERVED IN THE FARM AREA
Table 9-1 Birds Observed during Surveys
No. Bird Species Scientific Name Latitude Longitude 1 African Dater Anhinga rufa 28° 20´ 28".90 14° 47´35".22 2 African fish Eagle Haliaeetus vocifer 28 21 31.59 14 45 59 3 African Pied Wagtail Motacilla arguimp 28 19 51.85 14 46 04.04 4 Bateleur Terathopius ecaudatus 28 20 42.43 14 46 01.90 5 Blue Waxbill Uraeginthus angolensis 28 20 28.90 14 47 35.22 6 Common Bulbul pycnonotus barbatus 28 20 39.60 14 46 28.97 7 Crowned Hornbill Tockus alboterminatus 28 18 26.36 14 46 15.43 Emerald-spotted wood 8 Turtur chalcospilos 28 20 28.90 14 47 35.22 Dove 9 Fork-tailed Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis 28 18 08.55 14 46 57.47 10 Greater Honeyguide Indicator 28 15 19.71 14 46 21.85 11 Grey Lourie corthaixoides concolor 28 14 12 .75 14 46 28 .97 12 Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris 28 14 21.30 14 47 07.44 13 Lilac-breasted Roller Coracias caudate 28 20 28.90 14 47 35.22 14 Little Bee-eater Merops pusillus 28 17 40.79 14 47 33.80 15 Lizard Buzzard Kaupifalco monogrammicus 28 17 56.44 14 46 46.07 16 Miombo Grey Tit Parus griseiventris 28 15 54.12 14 47 35.22 17 Miombo Rock Thrush Monicola angolensis 28 18 34.20 14 46 19.71 18 Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone viridis 28 15 51.77 14 46 24.70 19 Pied Crow Corvus albbus 28 19 36.18 14 47 20.26 20 Red-eyed dove Streptopelia semitorrquata 28 20 28.90 14 47 35.22 21 Reed Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 28 14 18.45 14 47 28.25 22 Rufousbellied Tit Parus rufiventris 28 20 37.45 14 47 47.33 23 Senegal Wattled lapwing Vanellus senegallus 28 20 31.75 14 47 38.79
SOFRECO 33 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
No. Bird Species Scientific Name Latitude Longitude 24 Tawny-flanked Prinia Prinia subflava 28 17 45.05 14 48 16.54 25 Tropical Boubou Laniarius aethioipicus 28 20 26.76 14 47 34.51 26 White stork Ciconia 28 20 31.75 14 47 40.92 27 Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird Pogoniulus chrysoconus 28 20 31.75 14 47 40.92
SOFRECO 34 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
10 ANNEX 10: LIST OF REPTILES OBSERVED IN THE FARM AREA
Table 10-1 Reptiles observed during surveys
No. Reptile Species Longitude Latitude
1 Rainbow skink 28° 21' 20".88 14° 46' 00".02 2 Bark Snake 28° 21' 20".31 14 °45' 42".26 3 Black-necked spitting cobra 28° 20' 59".11 14° 48' 00".37
No. Mammal Species Longitude Latitude
1 Bush baby 28° 19' 36" 14° 47' 51".78 2 Vervet monkey 28° 19' 36" 14° 47' 51".78 3 African civet 28 °16' 07".97 14 °46' 18".94 4 Spring hare 28° 21' 20".88 14 °46' 01".17 5 Common duiker 28° 19' 21".10 14 °48 '06".11 6 Chacma baboon 28° 14' 04".75 14 °46' 38".42
SOFRECO 35 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
11 ANNEX 11: PROPOSED HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY
Occupational safety and health (OSH) policy will ensure that everyone (Worker and Employer is aware of their rights and responsibilities in relation to health and safety. Improved occupational safety and health enhances productivity by reducing the number of interruptions in the construction process, reducing absences, decreasing the number of accidents and improving work efficiency. Employers and workers both have responsibilities and rights in relation to (OSH). A preventative approach to OSH is the best strategy to eliminate most workplace accidents, injuries, and diseases. 11.1 Managing safety at Work place Effective safety programmes have several features in common. They manifest throughout organizations, from the highest offices of a general contractor to project managers, supervisors, union officials and workers on the job. Codes of practice are conscientiously implemented and evaluated. Costs of injury and illness are calculated and performance is measured; those that do well are rewarded, those that do not are penalized. Safety is an integral part of contracts and subcontracts. Everybody managers, supervisors and workers - receive general, site-specific and site-relevant training and re-training. Inexperienced workers receive on-the-job training from experienced workers. In projects where such measures are implemented, injury rates are significantly lower than on otherwise comparable sites. 11.2 Preventing Accidents and Injuries Entities in the industry with lower injury rates share several common characteristics: they have a clearly defined policy statement that applies throughout the organization, from top management to the project site. This policy statement refers to a specific code of practice that describes, in detail, the hazards and their control for the pertinent occupations and tasks at a site. Responsibilities are clearly assigned and standards of performance are stated.
SOFRECO 36 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Failures to meet these standards are investigated and penalties imposed as appropriate. Meeting or exceeding standards is rewarded. An accounting system is used that shows the costs of each injury or accident and the benefits of injury prevention. Employees or their representatives are involved in establishing and administering a programme of injury prevention. Involvement often occurs in the formation of a joint labour or worker management committee. Physical examinations are performed to determine workers’ fitness for duty and job assignment. These exams are provided when first employed and when returning from a disability or other layoff. The entire work site is inspected on a regular basis and results are recorded. Equipment is inspected to ensure its safe operation (e.g., brakes on vehicles, alarms, guards and so on). Injury hazards include those associated with the most common types of lost-time injuries: falls from heights or at the same level, lifting or other forms of manual materials handling, risk of electrocution, and risk of injury associated with either highway or off-road vehicles, trench cave- ins and others. Health hazards would include airborne particles (such as silica, asbestos, synthetic vitreous fibres, diesel particulates), gases and vapours (such as carbon monoxide, solvent vapour, engine exhaust), physical hazards (such as noise, heat, hyperbaric pressure) and others, such as stress. Preparations are made for emergency situations and emergency drills are conducted as needed. Preparations would include assignment of responsibilities, provision of first aid and immediate medical attention at the site, communication at the site and with others off the site (such as ambulances, family members, home offices and labour unions), transportation, designation of health care facilities, securing and stabilizing the environment where the emergency occurred, identifying witnesses and documenting events. As needed, emergency preparedness would also cover means of escape from an uncontrolled hazard such as fire or flood. Accidents and injuries are investigated and recorded. The purpose of reports is to identify causes that could have been controlled so that, in the future, similar occurrences can be prevented. Reports should be organized with a standardized record-keeping system to better facilitate analysis and prevention. To facilitate comparison of injury rates from one situation to another, it is useful to identify the pertinent population of workers within which an injury occurred, and their hours worked, in order to calculate an injury rate (i.e., the number of injuries per hour worked or the number of hours worked between injuries). Workers and supervisors receive training and education in safety. This education consists of teaching general principles of safety and health, is integrated into task training, is specific for each work site and covers procedures to follow in the event of an accident or injury. Education and training for workers and supervisors is an essential part of any effort to prevent injuries and disease. Training about safe work practices and procedures have been provided in many countries by some companies and trade unions. These procedures include lockout and tag out of electrical power sources during maintenance procedures, use of lanyards while working at heights, shoring trenches, providing safe walking surfaces and so on. It is also important to provide site-specific training, covering unique features about the job site such as means of entry and exit. Training should include instruction about
SOFRECO 37 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
dangerous substances. Performance or hands-on training, demonstrating that one knows safe practices, is much better for instilling safe behaviour than classroom instruction and written examination. In Zambia, training about certain hazardous substances is mandated by law. Equally important, the programme provides the information in a form to suit the differing needs of health staff, managers and workers. The information is available through training programmes, in print and on computer terminals at work sites. Information about chemical, physical and other health hazards is available at the work site in the languages that workers use. If workers are to work intelligently on the job, they should have the information necessary to decide what to do in specific situations. And finally, contracts between contractors and subcontractors should include safety features. Provisions could include establishing a unified safety organization at multi-employer work sites, performance requirements and rewards and penalties.
SOFRECO 38 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
12 ANNEX 12: CHECK LIST FOR THE ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
Table 12-1 Checklist of Mammals in Mwomboshi area
The Mammals Common Name Scientific Name Status 1. Herbivores Warthog Phacochoerus aethiopicus Rare Bush pig Potamochoerus porcus Occasional Common duiker Sylvicapra grimmia Occasional 2. Carnivores Serval Felis serval Rare Caracal Felis caraca (rarely seen) Rare African wild cat Felis lybica Rare Side-striped jackal Canis adustus Occasional 3. Small game African civet Civettictis civetta Occasional Large-spotted genet Ganetta tigrina Fairly common White-tailed mongoose Ichneumia albicauda Occasional Slender mongoose Galerella sanguineus Common 4. Primat5\es Chacma baboon Papio ursinus (south park) Common Vervet monkey Cercopithecus aethiops Common Bushbaby Otolemur crassicaudatus Occasional Lesser bushbaby Galago moholi Rare Common slit-faced bat Nycteris thebaica Hildebrandt’s horseshoe Rhinolophus hildebrandti bat Horseshoe bat Rhinolophus simulator Schlieffen’s bat Nycticeius schlieffeni Pipistrelle Pipistrellus nanus Kuhl’s pipistrelle Pipistrellus kuhli Cape serotine bat Eptesicus capensis House bat Scotophilus nigrita
SOFRECO 39 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
The Mammals Common Name Scientific Name Status Little free-tailed bat Tadarida pumila 5. Others Porcupine Hystrix africaeaustralis Spring hare Pedetes capensis Recorded in south of park Mole rats Cryptomys spp. Common Fat mice Steatomys spp. Common Dormice Graphiurus spp. Occasional Hare Lepus saxatilis Common
SOFRECO 40 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
13 ANNEX 13: CHECKLIST OF FISH IN MWOMBOSHI AREA
PROTOPTERIDAE Protopterus annectens Lungfish MORMYRIDAE Petrocephalus catostoma Churchill Marcusenius macrolepidotus Bulldog Mormyrops deliciosus Cornish Jack Mormyrops longirostris Bottlenose KNERIIDAE Kneria auriculata Southern kneria ANGUILLIDAE Anguilla bengalensis labiata African mottled eel Anguilla marmorota Madagascar mottled eel CYPRINIDAE Barbus fasciolatus Red barb Barbus lineomaculatus Line spotted barb Barbus marequensis Large scale yellow fish Barbus paludinosus Straight fin barb Barbus barotsecensis Many spotted barb Barbus eutaenia Thick striped barb Barbus manicensis Plain barb Barbus viviparus Twin striped barb Barbus radiatu Red-eyed barb Labeo altivelis Hunyani labeo Labeo congoro Purple labeo Labeo cylindricus Redeye labeo Varicorhinus nasutus Shortsnout chiselmouth CHARACIDAE Brycinus imberi Imberi Micralestes acutidens Silver robber Hydrocynus vittatus Tigerfish DISTICHODONTIDAE Distichodus mossambicus Nkupe Distichodus schenga Chessa AMPHILIIDAE Leptoglanis rotudiceps Spotted sand catlet Amphilius platychir ? Mountain catfish SCHILBEIDAE Schlibe mystus mystus Silver catfish
SOFRECO 41 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Schilbe mystus depressirostris Butter catfish CLARIIDAE Clarias gariepinus Sharptooth catfish Clarias theodorae Snake catfish Heterobranchus longifilis Vundu MOCHOKIDAE Chiloglanis neumanni Neumann's suckermouth catlet Synodontis zambezensis Clouded squeaker Synodontis nebulosus Brown squeaker CYPRINODONTIDAE Aplocheilichthys johnstonii Johnston's topminnow CICHLIDAE Oreochromis mossambica Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis macrochir Greenhead tilapia Pharyngochromis acuticeps Zambezi happy Pseudocrenilabrus philander Southern mouthbrooder Sargochromis codringtoni Green happy Tilapia sparrmanii Banded tilapia Tilapia rendalli Northern redbreast tilapia
SOFRECO 42 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
14 ANNEX 14: CHECKLIST OF REPTILES IN MWOMBOSHI AREA
Scientific Name Common Name SNAKES
Dendroaspis polylepsis Black mamba Hemirnagerrhis nototaenia Bark snake Rhamphiosis oxyrynchus Rufous beaked snake Psammophis phillipsii Olive grass snake Psammophis subtaeniatus Stripe bellied sand snake Psammophis angolensis Dwarf sand snake Dispholidus typus Boomslang Thelotornis capensis Vine (twig) snake Dasypeltis scabra Common egg eater Boaedon fuliginosus Common house snake Natriciterea Olivacea Olive marsh snake Philothamnus hoplogaster Eastern green snake Philothamnus semivariegatus Spotted bush snake Python sebae African rock python Typhlops schlegelii Blind snake Attractaspis bibronii Burrowing adder Bitis arientans Puff adder Causus rhombeatus Rhombic night adder OTHER REPTILES Agama atricollis Tree (blue headed) agama Agama kirkii Kirk's rock agama Mabuya striata Striped skink Ichnotropis squamulosa Common rough scaled lizard Varanus exanthematicus Rock monitor Varanus niloticus Nile monitor Lygosoma sundvevalii Writhing skink Pachydactylus bibronii Bibron's gecko
SOFRECO 43 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Scientific Name Common Name Lygodactylus chobiensis MALdwarf gecko Hemidactylus mabouia Tropical house gecko Geochelone pardalis Leopard tortoise Pelusios sinuatos Serrated hinged terrapin
SOFRECO 44 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
15 ANNEX 15: CHECKLIST OF BIRDS IN MWOMBOSHI AREA
1 Little Grebe 94 Ayre's Hawk Eagle 2 White-breasted Cormorant 95 Long-crested Eagle 3 Reed Cormorant 96 Martial Eagle 4 Darter 51 Cape Teal 97 Osprey 9 Black-crowned Night 56 Northern Shoveler 102 Dickinson's Kestrel Heron 10 White-backed Night Heron 57 Cape Shoveler 103 Western Red-footed Falcon 11 Common Squacco Heron 58 Southern Pochard 104 Eastern Red-footed Falcon 12 Madagascar Squacco 59 African Cuckoo Hawk 105 Red-necked Falcon Heron 13 Rufous-bellied Heron 60 Honey Buzzard 106 European Hobby 14 Cattle Egret 61 Bat Hawk 107 African Hobby 15 Green-backed Heron 62 Black-shouldered Kite 108 Sooty Falcon 16 Black Egret 63 Yellow-billed Kite 109 Lanner Falcon 17 Slaty Egret 64 African Fish Eagle 110 Peregrine Falcon 18 Little Egret 65 Hooded Vulture 111 Coqui Francolin 19 Yellow-billed Egret 66 White-backed Vulture 112 Crested Fraancolin 20 Great White Egret 67 Cape Vulture 113 Natal Francolin 21 Purple Heon 68 Lappet-faced Vulture 114 Swainson's Francolin 22 Grey Heron 69 White-headed Vulture 115 Common Quail 25 Hamerkop 71 Brown Snake Eagle 118 Helmeted Guineafowl 26 Yellow-billed Stork 72 Western Banded Snake 119 Kurrichane Buttonquail Eagle 27 Openbill Stork 73 Bateleur 120 Black-rumped Buttonquail 28 Black Stork 74 Gymnogene 121 Buff-spotted Flufftail 29 Abdim's Stork 75 European Marsh 122 Red-chested Flufftail Harrier 30 Woolly-necked Stork 76 African Marsh Harrier 123 Streaky-breasted Flufftail 31 White Stork 77 Pallid Harrier 124 African Water Rail 32 Saddle-billed Stork 78 Montagu's Harrier 125 Com Crake 33 Marabou Stork 79 Dark Chanting Goshwk 126 African Crake
SOFRECO 45 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
34 Sacred Ibis 80 Gobar Goshawk 127 Black Crake 35 Glossy Ibis 81 Black Goshawk 128 Baillon's Crake 36 Hadada 82 Ovambo Sparrowhawk 129 Spotted Crake 37 African Spoonbill 83 Little Sparrowhawk 130 Striped Crake 38 Greater Flamingo 84 African Goshawk 131 Purple Gallinule 39 Lesser Flamingo 85 Shikra 132 Lesser Gallinule 40 Fulvous Whistling Duck 86 Lizard Buzzard 133 Common Moorhen 41 White-faced Whistling 87 Common (Steppe) 134 Lesser Moorhen Duck Buzzard 42 Whie-backed Dock 88 Wahlberg's Eagle 135 Red-knobbed Coot 43 Egyptian Goose 89 Lesser Spotted Eagle 136 Wattled Crane 44 Spur-winged Goose 90 Tawny Eagle 137 Southern Crowned Crane 45 Knob-billed Duck 91 Steppe Eagle 138 Denham's Bustard 46 African Pygmy Goose 92 African Hawk Eagle 139 White-bellied Bustard 47 African Black Duck 93 Booted Eagle 140 Black-bellied Bustard 141 African Jacana 190 White-winged Black 238 Red-faced Mousebird Tern 142 Lesser Jacana 191 Afrian Skimmer 239 Narina Trogon 143 Painted Snipe 192 Yellow-throated 240 Half-Collared Kingfisher Sandgrouse 144 Black-winged Stilt 193 Laughing Dove 241 Malachite Kingfisher 145 Avocet 194 African Mourning Dove 242 Pygmy Kingfisher 146 Water Dikkop 195 Cape Turtle Dove 243 Brown-headed Kingfisher 147 Spotted Dikkop 196 Red-eyed Dove 244 Chestnut-bellied Kingfisher 148 Three-banded Courser 197 Emerald-spotted Wood 245 Senegal Kingfisher Dove 149 Bronze-winged Courser 198 Namaqua Dove 246 Striped Kingfisher 150 Temminck's Courser 199 Green Pigeon 247 Giant Kingfisher 151 Common Pratincole 200 Brownnecked Parrot 248 Little Bee-eater 152 Black-winged Pratincole 201 Meyer's Parrot 249 White-cheeked Bee-eater 153 Ringed Plover 202 Schalow's Turaco 250 Swallow-tailed Bee-eater 154 Kittlitz's Plover 203 Grey Lourie 251 White-fronted Bee-eater 155 Three-banded Plover 204 Great Spotted Cuckoo 252 Bohm's Bee-eater 156 White-fronted Sand Plover 205 Jacobin Cuckoo 253 Madagascar Bee-eater 157 Mongolian Plover 206 Striped Crested Cuckoo 254 Blue-ckeeked Bee-eater 158 Caspian Plover 207 Red-chested Cuckoo 255 European Bee-eater 159 Pacific Golden Plover 208 Black Cuckoo 256 Southern Carmine Bee-eater 160 Grey Plover 209 European Grey Cuckoo 257 European Roller 161 Senegal Wattled Plover 210 African Grey Cuckoo 258 Lilac-breasted Roller 163 Crowned Plover 212 Klaas's Cuckoo 260 Purple Roller 164 Long-toed Plover 213 Didric Cuckoo 261 Broad-billed Roller 165 Ethiopian Snipe 214 African Black Coucal 262 Red-billed Wood Hoopoe 166 Great Snipe 215 Coppery-tailed Coucal 263 Scimiterbill 167 Black-tailed Godwit 216 Senegal Coucal 264 Hoopoe 171 Spotted Redshank 219 Grass Owl 268 Afrian Grey Hornbill 172 Common Redshank 220 African Scops Owl 269 Trumpeter Hornbill 173 Marsh Sandpiper 221 White-faced Owl 270 Southern Ground Hornbill 174 Greenshank 222 Spotted Eagle Owl 271 Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird 175 Green Sandpiper 223 Giant Eagle Owl 272 Miombo pied Barbet 176 Wood Sandpiper 224 Pearl-spotted Owlet 273 Black-collared Barbet 177 Terek Sandpiper 225 Wood Owl 274 Chaplin's Barbet 178 Common Sandpiper 226 Marsh Owl 275 Black-backed Barbet
SOFRECO 46 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
179 Turnstone 227 European Nightjar 276 Crested Barbet 180 Sanderling 228 Rufous-ckeeked 277 Greater Honeyguide Nightjar 181 Little Stint 229 Fiery-necked Nightjar 278 Lesser Honeyguide 182 Pectoral Sandpiper 230 Natal Nightjar 279 Bennett's Woodpecker 183 Curlew Sandpiper 231 Freckled Rock Nightjar 280 Golden-tailed Woodpecker 184 Ruff 232 Gaboon (Mozambique) 281 Cardinal Woodpecker Nightjar 185 Lesser Black-backed Gull 233 Pennant-winged 282 Bearded Woodpecker Nightjar 186 Grey-headed Gull 234 African Palm Swift 283 African Broadbill 187 Gull-billed Tern 235 European Swift 284 Rufous-naped Lark 188 Caspian Tern 236 Little Swift 285 Flappet Lark 189 Whiskered Tern 237 African White-rumped 286 Dusky Lark Swift 287 Red-capped Lark 336 Great Reed Warbler 385 Red-backed Shrike 290 European Sand Martin 339 Olive-tree Warbler 388 Magpie Shrike 291 African Sand Martin 340 Lecterine Warbler 389 Brubru 292 Banded Martin 341 Green-capped 390 Southern Puffback Eremomela 295 Mosque Swallow 344 Long billed Crombec 393 Tropical Boubou 296 Lesser Striped Swallow 345 Willow Warbler 394 Orange-breasted Bush Shrike 297 African Rock Martin 346 Garden Warbler 395 Grey-headed Bush Shrike 298 Wire-tailed Swallow 347 Common Whitethroat 396 White Helmet Shrike 299 White-throated Swallow 348 Pectoral-patch Cisticola 397 Retz's Red-billed Helmet Shrike 300 European Swallow 349 Fan-tailed Cisticola 398 Fork-tailed Drongo 301 House Martin 350 Desert Cisticola 399 Pied Crow 302 Yellow Wagtail 351 Croaking Cisticola 400 Greater Blue-eared Starling 303 Cape Wagtail 352 Rattling Cisticola 401 Lesser Blue-eared Starling 304 African Pied Wagtail 353 Short-winged Cisticola 402 Southern Long-tailed Starling 305 Richard's Pipit 354 Neddicky 403 Violet-backed Starling 306 Long-billed (Wood) Pipit 355 Red-faced Cisticola 404 Wattled Starling 307 Plain-backed Pipit 356 Greater Black-baked 405 Yellow-billed Oxpecker Cisticola 308 Buffy Pipit 357 Tawny-flacked Prinia 406 Red-billed Oxpecker 309 Tree Pipit 358 Yellow-breasted Apalis 407 House Sparrow 310 Fulleborn's Longelaw 359 Bleating Bush Warbler 408 Grey-headed Sparrow 311 Rosy-breasted Longelaw 360 Miombo-barred Warbler 409 Southern Grey-headed Sparrow 312 Black Cuckoo-shrike 361 Pallid Flyeatcher 410 Yellow-throated Petronia 313 White-breasted Cuckoo- 362 Southern Black 411 White-browed Sparrow- shrike Fkyeatcher weaver 314 Yellow-belloed Greenbul 363 Collared Flyeatcher 412 Spectacled Weaver 315 Terrestrial Bulbul 364 Spotted Flyeatcher 413 Lesser Masked Weaver 316 Common Bulbul 365 Swamp Flyeatcher 414 African Masked Weaver 317 Kurrichane Thrush 366 Ashy Flyeatcher 415 Village Weaver 318 Groundscraper Thrush 367 Lead-coloured 416 Red-headed Weaver Flyeatcher 319 Thrush-Nightingale 368 Chinspot Batis 417 Red-headed Quelea 320 Heuglin's Robin 369 Paradise Flyeatcher 418 Red-billed Quelea 321 Red-capped Robin 370 Arrow-marked Babbler 419 Yellow-crowned Bishop 322 Collared Palm Thrush 371 White-romped Babbler 420 Black-winged Red Bishop 323 Eastern Bearded Scrub 372 Southern Black Tit 421 Red Bishop
SOFRECO 47 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Robin 324 White-browed Scrub Robin 373 Grey Penduline Tit 422 Yellow Bishop 325 Stonechat 374 Collared Sunbird 423 Red-shouldered Whydah 326 European Wheatear 375 Amethyst Sunbird 424 Yellow-mantled Whydah 327 Capped Wheatear 376 Scarlet-chested 425 White-winged Whydah Sunbird 328 Familiar Chat 377 Yellow-bellied Sunbird 426 Parasitic Weaver 329 Sooty Chat 378 White-bellied Sunbird 427 Melba Finch 330 Arnot's Chat 379 Purple-banded Sunbird 428 Orange-winged Pytilia 331 Little Rush Warbler 380 Copperry Sunbird 429 Red-throated Twinspot 332 River Warbler 381 Yellow White-eye 430 Brown Firefinch 333 Sedge Warbler 382 European Golden 431 Red-billed Firefinch Oriole 334 Reed Warbler 383 African Golden Oriole 432 Jamesons's Firefinch 335 Marsh Warbler 384 Eastern Black-headed 433 Common Waxbill Oriole 434 Blue Waxbill 441 Cut-throat Finch 448 Long-tailed Paradise Widow
438 Quail Finch 445 Pale-winged Lodignbird 452 Cinnamon-breasted Rock Bunting
SOFRECO 48 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
16 ANNEX 16: MINUTES OF MEETINGS WITH STAKEHOLDERS
MINUTES OF THE CONSULTATIVE SCOPING MEETING HELD IN MWOMBOSHI ON 19TH DECEMBER 2012 16.1 Introduction The meeting opened at 11am with a prayer by Mr. Ngulube and the National Anthe. This was followed by the chairperson’s welcoming remarks. He further took recognition of the presence of the officials that were present. 16.2 Objectives of the meeting Mr Nyundu outlined the agenda for the meeting and explained the purpose of the meeting. He went on to state the specific objective of the meeting as to inform the general public about the proposed project and its implications. He also stated that the meeting provided an opportunity for them to state among other factors what they felt was of concern to their wellbeing or indeed issues that needed attention prior to implementation of the IDSP project. Furthermore, he stated that the meeting provided a forum for obtaining detailed project information and exchange of information. 16.3 Plenary discussion This section outlines questions, clarifications and general opinions expressed by the community and responses. Q. Mr. Katonka (Head teacher) expressed concern that the project started being discussed three to four years ago and wondered when it will be implemented. Further he was concern that when the dam is constructed, two hundred and ninety four pupils out of the total three hundred and eighty pupils at school will be affected wondered what will happen. He asked if another school be constructed?
SOFRECO 49 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
In response, he was informed that any social infrastructure such as schools that will be affected will be replaced by constructing it in another chosen area. He further informed that the project is meant to benefit the local people and not to disadvantage them. Q. Mr. Sakala Boniface: Wanted to know what will happen to the people in Kalimina Village B since so far discussion seems to focus on only Kalimina village A and not B. In response he was informed that whoever is affected regardless of whether he lives in village A or B will be taken care of through a negotiated process before resettlement. Q. Kalimimwa .H. Man: Implored the project to build the bridges that will be affected by the project due to dam construction. In response he was informed that through the ESIA study, a thorough understanding of what will be affected and where will be established and concern people will be engaged into negotiations during the resettlement process to find alternative solutions. Q. Mr Mwely Chilanga: expressed concern that not all people that will be displaced are willing to engage into proposed irrigation schemes, instead other are in animal husbandry and would want to settle on dry land. He wondered what will happen to such people. In response, he was told that all these issues will be discussed with concern people and an amicable solution will be agreed upon when time comes. He was assured that no issues will be left hanging prior to project implementation. Q. Headman Kaliminwa lamented that there is no free land to resettle people who will be displaced and wondered what will happen. In response he was informed that working together with him and other headmen including the Chief, land will be found to resettle people. However, this was dependent on the cooperation of all stakeholders. Q. Headman Hankwa reiterated the fact that more has been discussed in the past and records already exist showing which infrastructure will be affected in the area that includes three schools, churches and roads. He urged the project that before project implementation these issues should be dealt with fully to avoid disadvantaging people. He urge. Q. Silvester Mukwagwa cited the 1,444ha targeted for the irrigation scheme in the area under the IDSP project as big huge. He wanted to know exactly where the boundaries of this lot will lie so that people know if they are affected. In response he was told that preliminary surveys have been done and general layouts of the areas mapped. However, for the actual boundaries another exercise will be conducted by surveyors to establish who is affected and this will be done in due course. Q. Mrs G. Malambo expressed concern that the issue of the project has been discussed for a long time and was becoming monotonous and wondered why implementation of the project is still not being done. In response she was told that being a government project for the public there is a process to be followed that safe guards the investment as well as the
SOFRECO 50 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
communities themselves. As such things need to be done in transparent manner with everyone involved being at the same level of understanding the project before its implemented. Q. Kalombe Celita expressed concern that she was too old and was looking after orphans, she wondered what will happen to her if she is displaced as she has no energy to start up a new home. In response she was told that cases of such nature will be dealt with by the project with special care to ensure that she is not disadvantaged in any way during resettlement. Q. Mr Timothy Wata wanted to know if people who have already moved to higher land will also be compensated since the issue of constructing a dam under the IDSP project has been going on for years now. In response, he was told that issues of compensation will be dealt with when time comes and all necessary assessments have been done by experts involved in due course. Q. Mr Poto Lemy wanted to know if commercial farmers will also benefit from the project since they are well off already. In response, he was informed that the project encompasses all types of farmers because each of these groups of farmers whether commercial or not contributed to the country’s economy in one way or another. Q. Mr Wata Michael wanted to know if people in the area staying along the river should stop building or rehabilitating their houses because of the impending resettlement. In response, he was told that people should lead a normal life going about their day to day business until advised otherwise. Q. Best Hang’ ndu paid tribute to government saying the project will bring a lot of benefits to the area such as electricity and portable water. However, he expressed concern that priority for employment should be given the local people and not outsiders Closing Remarks Mr. Nyundu thanked everyone for coming to attend the meeting. The community representative chairperson also made his remarks by thanking people for attending the meeting and he acknowledge how busy these people were considering the time of the year. He urged everyone to support the project. Meeting closed with prayer at 14.15pm.
SOFRECO 51 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS FOR THE SCOPING MEETING FOR THE IDSP PROJECT MWOMBOSHI SITE HELD ON 19TH DECEMBER 2012 IN CHISAMBA
NO NAME CONTACT ORGANISATION/ENTITY SIGNATURENAME NO CONTACT ORGANISATION/ENTITY SIGNATURE 1 HANGALA FREDRICK 26096959823 KALIMINA 28 PHILLIP HANKWA 260966262223 HAKWA 2 BORNIFACE SAKALA 260966261084 KALIMINA 29 CHIMPONDE CHUUKA 260968399100 KALIMINA 3 COSMAS MDOPO 260964354058 MALAMA 30 V/HEADMAN CHUSALA 260963822189 CHIWALA 4 MATHIAS KABAMBE NIL CHIWALA 31 HEADMAN TOBA NIL TOBA 5 KERRY MOOTOKALA 260969968696 KALIMINA 32 HEADMAN KALIMINA NIL TOBA 6 EDWARD NGULUBE NIL KALIMINA 33 M. CAMBA 260968413031 CHIWALA 7 DAVID MATA NIL KFOYA 34 A. MULAYA NIL CHIWALA 8 ANTHOM STRUIR 260966804784 VIXERS 35 DOROTH PHIRI 260969607649 TOBA 9 FLIP ROTZE 260968979753 MWOMBOSHI FARM 36 LUKA CHIKULU 260968445714 HAKWA 10 KAYOMBO SELITA NIL 37 TIMOTHY WATA 260966820650 TOBA 11 BELITA MELEKI NIL 38 SILVESTER MUGWAGWA 260966177071 HAKWA 12 GLOLIYA KALIYOMBE 2609621225302 CHIWALA 39 FRANK KATONTOKA 2609686313398 CHIWALA 13 LEYA CHIKULU NIL HAKWA 40 GIVEN HANKWA 260966343056 HAKWA 14 RHODA NKONDE MULUNDA NIL KALIMINA 41 BRIAN TOBA 260963791246 TOBA 15 MAVIS MULEYA 260961012371 HAKWA 42 GRACE MUNSAKA MALAMBO NIL KALIMINA 16 ROSEMARY SUSU NIL KALIMINA 43 EMELESS MIYANDA 260962870034 HAKWA 17 GRACE MUGABE NIL HAKWA 44 FARTINES KAPUPULA NIL TOBA 18 ENNIE WATA NIL TOBA 45 EUNICA TOBA NIL TOBA 19 TAZIMAN MUTANDINDA 260966037133 MALAMA 46 MVS A. MUSAKA NIL KALIMINA 20 LAMECK PHIRI 260968191395 TOBA 47 CATHERINE CHIWALA 260962155689 CHIWALA 21 FOTO RAYMOND 2609688456808 KALIMINA 48 IDAH CHANDA NIL CHIWALA 22 AUSTRIA MOTOKALA 2609699686996 KALIMINA 49 HILDAH MALUPANDO 260966423324 CHIWALA 23 BRIGHTON MUGABE 260964363203 HAKWA 50 GIDOEN MALAMBO 260966629307 KALIMINA 24 JOSEPH PAUL SHANGWA 260966242723 KALIMINA 51 JERRY MWIINGA CHILANGA NIL KALIMINA 25 MIKE WATA 260966259089 TOBA 52 HITLER NSONDO 260968893429 TOBA 26 HOBSON DOPO 260966610447 MALAMA 53 BEST NG'ANDU 260964805903 TOBA 27 HAROLD MUYOBA 260969275283 MALAMA 54 OLOMAN NIL CHIWALA 55 PWALE 260965025455 CHIWALA
SOFRECO 52 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
17 ANNEX 17: MINUTES OF DISCLOSURE MEETING
17.1 Introduction The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Public Disclosure Meetings were held at all three IDSP Group 1 sites in July 2014 following written notices given to targeted stakeholders and to the general public through the national print media (See extract from one of the daily newspaper in the annex). The purpose of making the ESIA draft reports public was; to disclose the outcomes of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment studies conducted at the three sites; and to seek public input on the recommendations of the ESIA before finalisation of the draft ESIA reports. The disclosure meeting at Mwomboshi site was held at Fringilla Lodge on the 14thof July 2014was and was attended by interested and affected stakeholders that included the local community, representatives of the District Council, traditional leaders, the District administration and the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock among others (See attendance list in the annex). 17.2 Opening remarks The National IDSP Co-ordinator,Dr. Barnabas MULENGA, gave the opening remarks and reminded participants of the importance of the Public Disclosure Meeting to IDSP as a statutory requirement aimed at satisfying Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) and safeguard policies for Word Bank. He called upon all participants to fully participate and express themselves freely on the contents and outcomes of the ESIA. He then called upon the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, Mr. J. Shawa, to officially open the disclosure meeting. In his address, The Permanent Secretary spoke to underscore the key role irrigation can play in agriculture. He went on to stated that Zambia had abundant water resources which were yet to harnessed and developed. Despite this the country still lagged behind in the utilization of land under irrigation. Hence Government through Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock
SOFRECO 53 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
sourced funds to develop irrigation schemes. He cited Mwomboshi, Musakashi and Lusitu as the three irrigation schemes that are earmarked for development under phase one. He alluded to the fact construction of irrigation schemes at the three sites would contribute to effective utlisation of water resources consequently increase land under irrigation. He reaffirmed Government commitment to quicken the process of ensuring smooth operation of the schemes. But he pointed out that Government will observe all procedural requirements such the ESIA in a transparent manner to ensure that development is sustainable. He called upon the Ministry to follow a cost effective approach in sourcing services for the development of the scheme. In conclusion he called upon all participants to freely participate in order to realize the objectives of the meeting. 17.3 Proceedings 17.3.1 Presentation of the ESIA The contents of ESIA and outcomes was presented by Kenneth Nyundu, team leader of the ESIA for Sofreco (Community Participation and Capacity Building provider). He informed the stakeholders in attendance that the purpose of the disclosure meeting, stating that it was a very important step in the consultative process of the ESIA development. He explained that following the production of the draft ESIA report and prior to submission of the ESIA report to the competent authority, it was a requirement that the findings of the ESIA study and recommendations contained therein are made public to all stakeholders, interested and affected parties. This was aimed at ensuring that the findings and recommendations of the ESIA study are based on factual information and representative of the aspirations of the stakeholders as part of the transparent consultative process. In his presentation, he gave a brief summary on the project background highlighting its objectives, scope and rationale. He explained that the underlying principle of the IDSP project is based on a partnership arrangement between the Government, private operators and communities. He further went on to explain the key features of the project as being irrigation facilities and associated support infrastructure. He elaborated on beneficiary and targeted groups for the project. Furthermore, he outlined the contents of the ESIA report citing all relevant sections of the report and elaborated on their relevance. He went on to elaborate on the approach that the ESIA team used in developing the report, the ESIA study objectives and issues that were captured during consultative meetings with stakeholders as well as the outcomes of the ESIA study. Based on the findings and conclusions drawn on all relevant subject matters of the ESIA, the stakeholders were informed that the ESIA team identified positive and negative impacts. These were further characterised based on their magnitude, extent, significance and timing. Cumulatively their effects were analysed during the study and he disclosed recommendations and or mitigation measures stated in the ESIA aimed at avoiding or minimising such effects. He also elaborated on the environmental management tool of these effects in form of an environmental management and monitoring plan as contained in the ESIA report.
SOFRECO 54 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
In conclusion, he informed the meeting that it was the opinion of the ESIA study team that social economic and environmental impacts from the proposed project can effectively be managed and reduced to acceptable levels as long as proposed measures are implemented. Consequently, the benefits arising from operations of Mwomboshi Irrigation Scheme as a developmental project outweigh environmental costs.After the presentation, the ESIA Team Leader invited the participants to arise any issues. 17.3.2 Plenary Discussion . Mr. J. SHAWA, Permanent Secretary of MAL wanted to know how many people will be affected by the project and the size of the area affected? In response, Mr Kenneth Nyundu, ESIA Team Leader informed the Permanent Secretary that the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) contained all the details regarding the affected population and area as well as a detailed the social and economic baseline information of the project area. However, he said that about a 1000 people will be directly affected. . Mr Francis C. Chikonde from Zambian Development Agency wanted to know how relevant the study was for commercial farmers and other investors who will be interested to invest in Tier 3 of the scheme. In response, Mr Nyundu, ESIA Team Leader stated that the ESIA provided a wealth of information about the project area upon which any investor can make a rational decision. In addition, would be investors in the scheme will not be required to undertake another environmental assessment but will rely on the ESIA carried out under the IDSP project. . Mr Packson Banda, Planning and Human Resources officer, Mufulira Municipal Council said that in the past a lot of dam projects have failed because of limited water avaialability. He wanted to know what the findings of the ESIA were on the issue of inadequate water to fill up the planned Mwomboshi dam. In response, Mr Nyundu said that the hydrological assessment of Mwomboshi River and its catchment indicated that there is adequate water to fill up the dam and therefore this won’t be the case in Mwomboshi. . Mr Ernerst Melele, Technical Services Branch from MAL wanted to know whether the planned Mwomboshi dam will be stocked with fish. In response, Mr Nyundu said that the planned dam will be built primarily for irrigation. However, since Mwomboshi River has natural stocks of fish, it is envisaged that this will be enhanced by the creation of the dam. He informed Mr Melele that the scope of the project does not include stocking the dam with fish. . Mr Calvin C. Shikaaze, Chisamba DACO informed the meeting that Mwomboshi area is facing public health problem of bilharzia and wondered whether the construction of the dam would amplify the problem. He wanted to know if any mitigation measures are planned to handle this problem. In response, Mr Nyundu, ESIA Team Leader said that under the IDSP project there was a dedicated project component to deal with awareness and capacity building. Under this component issues of awareness regarding health and sanitation will be dealt with in detail. Commenting on the Bilharzia, He said that the disease was not something new in the area and the dam will not make the situation worse, because children and even adults will not be allowed to swim in the dam as a safety measure. The
SOFRECO 55 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
awareness campaign will also help parents and children to understand the need for not wadding in stagnant ponds in the area as this was the major source of the infection. . Mr David Nkhoma, Senior Agriculture Officer, MAL wanted to know what was meant by the micro-enterprises and who the beneficiaries were? In response, Mr Kenneth Nyundu, ESIA Team Leader informed the meeting that the IDSP irrigation scheme project has planned to include support of micro-enterprises linked to agriculture development in the areas. He said that mechanisms of doing so were being developed and funding will be through Investment Support Fund (ISF). Dr. Barnabas MULENGA, National IDSP Co-ordinator also said that ISF will support the value chains and other activities linked to irrigation scheme. . Mr Marlon Chisala, District Planning officer, Chisamba District Council wanted to know the motivation behind affected people’s willingness to be resettled. In response Kenneth NYUNDU, ESIA Team Leader encouraged Mr Chisala to take time and read the RAP report apart from the ESIA were details of social and economic survey conducted in the area have been elaborated. He alluded to the fact that the motivation was probably due to the fact that the affected people to be relocated were the same people targeted as beneficiaries of the irrigation scheme. . Mr Daniel C. Chamba, Project Engineer IDSP stated that it could be good to have the representatives of the affected people point of view on Mr Chisala’s question. Following this request, Mr Phillip Hankwa, Headman Hankwa informed the meeting that the affected people were willing to move because of the benefits associated with the project. He said that the proposed value of the houses to be built as compensation was further much higher than the houses the affected people are currently occupying. And this has pleased the people. Supporting the Headman’s remarks, Mr John G. Foto, PPSC Chairman said that people looked forward to using the water in the dam for improved farming through the year. . Mr Leon, Lima Farm said that he has an existing dam on the Southern bank of Mwomboshi that will be affected by creation of the planned big dam. He wanted to know what measures have proposed to secure his dam. In addition, he said that he has two center pivots that are operational that are likely to be flooded due to the planned dam and wanted to know what compensation is proposed. In response, Mr Kenneth Nyundu, ESIA Team Leader said that all issues of compensation have been dealt with in detail in the RAP. Contributing to this question, Ms Deborah Phiri, Safeguards specialist IDSP informed Mr Leon that t are a number of options being considered regarding the affected commercial farmers and these will be finalized with the involvement of the farmers themselves. Mr Daniel C. Chamba, Project Engineer IDSP also said that the IDSP project will send a valuation team to the area in due course to evaluate the issues affecting the commercial farmers and compensation is one of the options. . Mr Levis Chitala, Professional Assistant, National Assembly wanted to know where the relocated chabusha school will be located and whether compensation will take into account current refurshments the school was currently undergoing. In response, Mr Kenneth Nyundu, ESIA Team Leader said that the local community has chosen the location site for relocation and that the school to be built will be of better value than the current one.
SOFRECO 56 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
. Ms Beatrice Chilokota , Member of Mwankonkera Women Club wanted to know if there benefits that are targeted womens clubs in the area. In response Mr Kenneth Nyundu, ESIA Team Leader said that Clubs, cooperatives and other initiatives will be supported by the Investment Support Fund and through Capacity Building and trainings. . Mr Francis C. Chikonde, Zambian Development Agency wanted to know how the small holdings will be organized in the project area. In response, Mr Kenneth Nyundu, ESIA Team Leader said that Capacity Building and Training component of the IDSP project will address the issue of organization of scheme structures. . Mr Packson Banda, Planning and Human Resources officer, Mufulira Municipal Council wanted to know what criteria was used to select the sites. In response, Mr Daniel C. Chamba, Project Engineer IDSP said that a meeting was organized to present the different sites. Finally, the three sites were choose according to a set of criteria among which the most important was the availability of water. 17.4 Way forward Mr Nyundu outlined the way forward stating that all issues expressed in the meeting will form the basis for refining the ESIA report and assured the meeting that further mitigation measures will be proposed to address these issues. He informed the meeting the revised ESIA will then be presented to MAL for onward submission to the competent authority for review. 17.5 Closing Remarks Mr Daniel C. Chamba, IDSP Project Engineer, gave the closing remarks and thanked all the participants for attending the meeting.
SOFRECO 57 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 58 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 59 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 60 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
ESIA Public Disclosure meeting for Mwomboshi site
SOFRECO 61 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
18 ANNEX 18: ZEMA TORS APPROVAL LETTER
SOFRECO 62 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
19 ANNEX 19: DAM DESIGN DRAWINGS
SOFRECO 63 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 64
20 ANNEX 20: RESERVOIRS DESIGN DRAWINGS
SOFRECO 65 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Drawing 1 : Reservoir R1
SOFRECO 66
Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Drawing 2 : Reservoir R2
SOFRECO 67
Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Drawing 3: Reservoir R3
SOFRECO 68
Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
21 ANNEX 21: LIST OF AFFECTED PERSONS
SOFRECO 69 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 70 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 71 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 72 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 73 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 74 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 75 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 76 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 77 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 78 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 79 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 80 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 81 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 82 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 83 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 84 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 85 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
SOFRECO 86 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
22 ANNEX 22: SOIL REPORT
Please refer to the attached file named: Mwomboshi Detailed Soil Survey Final Report April2012.pdf
SOFRECO 87 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
23 ANNEX 23: HYDROLOGICAL REPORT
Please refer to the attached file named: Mwomboshi Hydrology Report_Draft.pdf
SOFRECO 88 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
24 ANNEX 24: PHOTO BANK
Extension works Vixers Dam
Low water levels at Bushcut Dam
SOFRECO 89 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Intermitent flow on Mwomboshi river
Granite rocks on the project site
SOFRECO 90 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Chief Macha showing hand-washing facility used in the concept of community led total sanitation in Choma, Southern Province
Source: © UNICEF Zambia-2010
SOIL TYPE M3 AND 4
SOFRECO 91 Annexes - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
25 ANNEX 25: ESIA FINAL REPORT – ANNEXES MWOMBOSHI
SOFRECO 92
Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock
Addendum to the
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Republic of Zambia Final Report
VOLUME III for the Proposed
Irrigation Scheme in Mwomboshi in Chisamba World Bank District
Submitted to World Bank Nov 2016
1
PROJECT BRIEF NOTES
Proponent: Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAL), Zambia Ministry Of Agriculture and Livestock (Mal) Mulungushi House, Independence Rd, 3rd Floor, Box 50291 Lusaka.
Developer’s Contact Person:
Ms Deborah Phiri, Safeguard Specialist, +260-211-251629, +260-211-252029 +260 977988114
Project Location:
Chisamba District, Central Province, Zambia
Project Summary:
The central concept of IDSP involve re-allocation of land and water resources for irrigated agriculture under a partnership arrangement between the Government, private operators and communities. Under this project different types of farms (i.e. Tier 1 to 4) are envisaged;
Tier 1 will be for smallholder farmers who wish to take up irrigated agriculture using mainly family labour, with individually farmed plots of 1 ha or less, using surface irrigation to grow vegetables and other high value crops;
Tier 2 will consist of larger plots of between one and five hectares each, for cultivation by emerging small-scale commercial farmers or small groups of neighbouring farmers, using sprinkler irrigation systems and hired labour to profitably grow mainly field crops;
Tier 3 will consist of large plots of at least 60 ha each under centre-pivot irrigation operated by a private company that will eventually be wholly owned by the community but initially will be jointly owned with a private sector investor; and
Tier 4 will consist entirely of existing large-scale commercial farmers who will share the infrastructure provided under the project – on a full cost recovery basis –thereby permitting economy of scale in the investment.
Estimated Capital investment and Project Commencement Date:
Approximate project cost is US$78.1 million. Project commencement date is 2014
ESIA Study Consultant:
SOFRECO (Societé Française de Réalisation, d’Etudes et de Conseil)
2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This addendum has been prepared to provide supplementary information to the final Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) report that was submitted to the Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) and World Bank in 2015 in order to clarify and update certain aspects contained in the ESIA final report regarding the proposed Mwomboshi Irrigation Scheme project. Therefore, this report should not be read in isolation but with cross reference to the main Mwomboshi Irrigation Scheme ESIA final report.
Further, it should be noted that the scope/objective and project area of influence remains unchanged. And the implementer remains Ministry of Agriculture (MAL) and Livestock under the project ‘Irrigation Development Support Project (IDSP)’ while the operationalization of the proposed project will be facilitated by government through MAL. Ownership of the project at operation will be shared among the local communities, Private Sector i.e. commercial farmers as well as government.
The project site, located 28km north of Chisamba town in Chibombo District, at latitude 4°47’46” south and longitude 28°19’44” east, and at an elevation of 1,080masl will still constitute four land divisions known as tiers 1,2,3 and 4. Key features of the project will include; A large dam 60Mm3 capacity, with a crest of 1.7km in length and 27m in height, main pump station below the dam wall, three reservoirs, twelve secondary pump-stations, as well as irrigation fields. Mwomboshi Irrigation Scheme will have an estimated investment cost of US$ 78.1 million.
This addendum give additional information regarding three main aspects namely;
Clearly defining the study area and its sub components
Updating maps with associated narrations to ensure clarity in terms of approach to ESIA study in relation to social and environmental receptors
Updating the Environmental Management Plan in terms of re-assigning responsibilities and re-costing.
By providing this supplementary information, it is the conviction of the ESIA study team that social economic and environmental impacts arising from the proposed project will be better understood in context without leaving any grey area. And that minimum requirements are met in addressing World Bank Safe guard policies triggered by this project.
SIGN:…………………………… Dr Barnabas MULENGA Designation: Project Co-ordinator, IDSP Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Tel:+260 211 251 629
3
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 3
1. Project Area ...... 5 1.1 Location and Layout ...... 5 1.2 Spatial Extent of the Study Area ...... 6
2. Study Approach and Baseline Information ...... 8 2.1 Study Approach ...... 8 2.1.1 Scoping Studies ...... 8 2.1.2 Approach ...... 8
3. Additional Baseline information………………………………………………….10 3.1 Hydrological Modelling and Environmental Flows…………………………………….10 3.1.1 Estimation of Naturalized and Environmental Flows…………………………………………10 3.2 Hydrology………………………………………………………………………………………..11 3.2.1 Water Quality………………………………………………………………………………………………13 3.2.2 Water Supply, Demand and Allocation……………………………………………………………13 3.3 Vegetation Types and Classification………………………………………………………14 3.4 FAUNA…………………………………………………………………………………………….15 3.5 Eco-System Sensitivity; Habitats and Species of Special Concern………………..17
4. Environmental Management & Monitoring……………………………………18 4.1 Updated Environmental and Social Management Plan………………………………18 4.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan……………………………………………………………30
4
1. Project Area
1.1 Location and Layout
Mwomboshi Irrigation Scheme project site is located in Chisamba District in Central Province. The site is 28km north of Chisamba central Business centre in Chisamba District, at latitude 4°47’46” south and longitude 28°19’44” east, and at an elevation of 1,080masl (location of proposed dam wall). The scheme will have four tiers, Tiers 1 to 3 fall within the customary land under Chief Liteta on the northern bank of the river, while Tier 4 is within the existing commercial farming block on the south bank of the river, under state leasehold land. See figure 1-1for the general location of Mwomboshi Project site.
Figure 1-1: Map showing Project Location Map
The proposed project when implemented will directly impact on local communities occupying customary land on the northern bank of Mwomboshi River while on the southern bank existing Commercial Farms on state leasehold land will be impacted. When the project is implemented, it will result into some physical and/or economic displacement of local communities on the northern river bank. However, no displacement or loss of infrastructure will be experienced due to the water conveyance pipe network which will be constructed on the southern bank of the river occupied mainly by commercial farmers. The figure below illustrates the arrangements of the local
5 villages and commercials farms in relation to the Mwomboshi River dam wall. Figure 1-2 below shows the set p of community villages in relation to the dam and reservoir.
Figure 1-2: Location of the Communities impacted by the project
Note that there are no settlements immediately downstream the dam embankment while further dowstream the area is sparsely populated with insignificant users of water from the Downstream. However, below the proposed Mwomboshi dam is a privately owned dam known as Bush Cut farm which according to the outcome of the study will not be impacted negatively.
1.2 Spatial Extent of the Study Area
The spatial extent of the study area that was assessed covered both the Northern and Sothern river bank and included the project dam site and inundated area, existing settlements and buildings, irrigation areas (existing and planned) and other induced direct and indirect impacts on the, upstream and downstream of the dam wall. Other linked planned activities such as resettlement areas, roads and transmission lines fall within the area that was assessed and no significant impacts are envisaged at all. The preliminary site for borrow pit is an existing borrow pit that is currently not operational and within the study area that was assessed. However, there indications that the site may be changed and in which IDSP should ensure that a dedicated assessment of socio-economic and environmental impacts of the area for the new borrow pit and quarry sites should be carried out prior to construction of the dam and the Environmental Project Briefs should be submitted to both World Bank and Zema for review and approval. Note that the assessment was also extended to immediate surrounding areas outside immediate project area of influence approximately 5km radius in extent. See the figure 1-3 below showing the study area including all of the flooded area, dam and irrigation infrastructure;
6
Figure 1-3: Map showing study area including all of the flooded area, dam, irrigation infrastructure
.
7
2. Study Approach and Baseline Information
2.1 Study Approach
2.1.1 Scoping Studies
The Scoping exercise aimed at identifying potential environmental (socio-economic and biophysical) impacts, contemplate environmentally considerate options for the design detail, and identify issues of concern for Interested and Affected Parties (IAPs) and stakeholders. The scoping exercise included review of the project literature, targeted consultations with the relevant authorities and stakeholders and open meetings.
Stakeholder consulted included local communities on the northern bank and commercial farmers on southern bank. Note that new irrigation infrastructure will mainly be on the northern bank of the River while on the Southern bank the commercial farms are already developed and operational. While the irrigation scheme will be located on the Northern bank, a conveyance water pipelines is expected to be constructed on the southern bank of Mwomboshi River to convey the water to the existing commercial farms under Tier 4. We therefore assume impacts related to Tier 4-related works have also been assessed
The environmental scoping process provided an opportunity for stakeholders to get clear, accurate and understandable information about the expected environmental issues or impacts of the proposed project; voice their concerns and to raise questions regarding the project; suggest ways for reducing or mitigating any negative impacts and for enhancing its positive impacts. At the same time it provided an opportunity for MAL to incorporate the needs, preferences and values of IAPs into their planning and design decisions. This process is vital for ensuring transparency and accountability in decision-making and creating sense of ownership among the community.
2.1.2 Approach
The approach to the scoping exercise was done step-wise starting with a reconnaissance survey for appreciating the project area, followed by initial meetings with public officials and local leadership in the project area and general consultative public meetings and lastly followed by detailed expert studies. The study area assessed was categorized into the following;
Project Site which included;
o Mwomboshi River Sub-catchment also encompassing the resettlement area
o The northern bank of Mwomboshi River ear-marked for the small scale irrigation scheme and southern bank encompassing existing commercial farmers
o The dam embankment and Reservoir area
8
Project area of influence which included; o Surrounding areas covering 5km in radius considered as immediate area of project influence o Upstream and downstream of the dam embankment extending
Figure 2-1: Map showing location of settlements within project area of influence
9
3. Additional Baseline information
3.1 Hydrological Modelling and Environmental Flows
In order to describe the downstream hydrological impacts of the major dam on Mwomboshi River and to compare impact of the dam at the three alternative sites; assess the adequacy of the without-project Mwomboshi River regime in meeting needs of present downstream riparian water demand; and considering changing future demand over a specified period to demonstrate the adequacy of the proposed Mwomboshi dam design to meet future demand in terms of quality, quantity and timeliness, a hydrological model of Mwomboshi River System was set up.
A hydrological model for the Mwomboshi River system was set up for the catchment upstream of the proposed dam for each of the three alternative sites. Rainfall data was acquired for three stations (Golden Valley, Kamaila and Chisamba rail) to investigate if the data could be used for obtaining the calibration constants for the model. Considering that Mwomboshi River catchment is ungauged, it was found prudent to scale the flows from the Mulungushi River, a catchment adjacent to the Mwomboshi catchment. Details of the approach and methodology for the hydrological modelling are contained in the main ESIA final report. The next section helps to clarify how the aspect of environmental flow was addressed by the study.
3.1.1 Estimation of Naturalized and Environmental Flows
The new Water Resources Management Act (Parliament of Zambia, 2012) puts the environment as a legitimate water user, although no guidance is given on the estimation of the environmental flows. Work is currently underway to develop a system for the assessment of E-Flows in Zambia by some organizations, notably the Wild Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the University of Zambia (UNZA).
Because a system for the estimation of Environmental Flows is still being established in Zambia, the Tennent method was used in this study (Tennant, 1976), setting the IFRs at survival level (10% of the mean monthly naturalised flows) in the channel to be monitored at reference observation stations. The naturalised flows were obtained from the model by setting all demands equal to zero, and removing the effects of the proposed reservoir.
With regard to environmental flow, Zambia has no national standards as yet for any of its River system. However, hydrological analysis conducted for reliability of Mwomboshi River in terms of river flows indicated that the current volumes are adequate to sustain ecological balance. Mwomboshi River is non perennial and there are no flows during the dry season. With the creation of a dam this is bound to change as it is a requirement that some flow is allowed throughout the year making the river system perennial to some extent possible downstream.
The construction of the reservoir will have beneficial effects on the downstream groundwater reserves as some seepage water will go into the recharge of these reserves. This will aid the observance of the requirement to satisfy the environmental flows that have been computed, as groundwater reserves eventually return to the main river course. An assessment of the reliance
10 on the river for other activities such as fishing or for water abstraction uses such as drinking and flora and fauna reliance on water flow downstream was carried out. The main abstraction is from Bush Cut dam which according to the outcome of modelling will greatly benefit from having Mwomboshi dam upstream. Fishing and other economic activities are mainly seasonal and insignificant particularly that the river is non-perennial. This is also the case for environmental flows, the construction of the proposed dam will guarantee the river to have a minimum of 10% environmental flow through out the year taking into account the little economic activities downstream. However, its expected that the project will put in place a downstream flow monitoring plan prior to impoundment in order to have baseline data upon which future assessments will be based. This is elaborated in the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP).
3.2 Hydrology
The Mwomboshi river catchment covers 3,040 Km2 and lies entirely in Chisamba District of Central Province. The river has its headwaters in the Liteta dambo areas, north-west of the project site. The Catchment therefore extends from the Great North Road up to Mulungushi River downstream of Mulungushi Dam.
In the upper part of Mwomboshi catchment there are several seasonal tributaries which contribute to the overall flow of the river. These are Malamba, Kangola, Chinakuba, Chankumba, Lwambwe and Chikonkomene. Despite seasonal contributions from these tributaries, Mwomboshi River is an intermittent river and the extent of its flow in any hydrological year is dependent on the preceding rainy season as revealed by indigenous knowledge and field assessments. Mwomboshi river is however a source of water for commercial and subsistence agriculture in the area. It is for this reason that dams have been constructed on the main river and its tributaries in order to capture runoff for irrigation use and other agricultural uses.
Mwomboshi River is 100 kilometres from the source to the mouth with Mulungushi river. At the confluence with Mulungushi, Mwomboshi drains a catchment area of 3,040Km2. Within this area, there are several seasonal streams which contribute to the Mwomboshi River. The river is however not perennial but carries significant runoff during the rainy season. Dams have thus been constructed in the catchment to capture runoff for commercial agriculture and other uses.
Catchment yield is based on the expected annual runoff from the catchment and is an important factor in assessing the feasibility of a dam (FAO, 2010). For Mwomboshi catchment which is ungauged and without known flows, the methods used to estimate the yield were the Hot-deck infilling method and the Rational methods.
Hot Deck Infilling Method This is a widely used method for estimating flows in ungauged catchments based on the measured flows of a neighbouring catchment (Hirsh, 1979; Parrett et al, 1994). The applicability and performance of this method may improve with an increased similarity of the two watersheds in terms of morphology, land use, imperviousness, and drainage area. This is the case with Mwomboshi and Chongwe catchments which have common features in terms of hydrological characteristics and land use.
11
Estimated Flow (X) = (Measured Flow-Q)*(Drainage Area (A)/Drainage Area (B) Where X= Estimated flow (m3/sec) of the ungauged stream A= Area (km2) of the ungauged stream B= Area (km2) of the gauged stream Using this method, the results in table 1 were used to derive the catchment annual runoff as shown in table 3-1.
Table 3-1: Annual runoff for Chongwe Catchment at Great East Road Bridge
Station No. & River Catchment Annual Runoff (m3/s) Area (km2) Min Mean Max 5-025 Chongwe 1,961 0.95 5.9 20 (Source: Shamboko, et al 2012)
Table 3-2: Estimated annual runoff for Mwomboshi Catchment at the Confluence with Mulungushi
Station No. & River Catchment Annual Runoff (m3/s) Area (km2) Min Mean Max Mwomboshi river at confluence with 3,040 1 9 31 Mulungushi
Rational and Hydrograph Methods This approach was used in the pre-feasibility studies to estimate maximum probable flood (Fintecs, 2010). The Maximum Probable Flood (MPF) with a return period of 250 years was used and was calculated from the following formula: Log e (MPF+1) = 1,175 [log e (A+1)] 0,775 + 3,133 where the MPF is measured in m3/s and the area A is expressed in km2. The estimated MPF was calculated as 35.6m3/s. In comparison to the 31m3/s derived from hotdeck formula, it can be deduced that the catchment yield for Mwomboshi can range from 30 to 37m3/s (978Mm3 to 1167Mm3 per annum). Currently the water allocation in the catchment amounts to 282,700m3/day (42.4Mm3 per annum), (see table 7-3).
12
Table 3-3: Water allocation in Mwomboshi catchment
Water Right Owner Water Allocation (m3/day) River Remarks
R A Old Ltd 4,500 Mwomboshi Existing dam Bushcut Investments Ltd 6,500 Mwomboshi Existing dam Mwomboshi Syndicate 241,700 Mwomboshi Proposed David Allan Gordon 2800 Mulamba Existing dam David Allan Gordon 4200 Mulamba Existing dam Flyby Limited 15500 Mulamba Existing dam David Allan Gordon 7500 Mulamba Existing dam Total 282,700 Source: WARMA
The upstream catchment of the Mwomboshi is where the project site and proposed dam lie. The extent of this catchment is 915 km2 and is about 30% of the total catchment area. This part of the catchment comprises six (6) sub catchments (C1 to C6) which all contribute to the proposed dam site. The yield of this portion of the catchment is estimated as 283Mm3 per annum. The proposed dam will hold of 59Mm3. The catchment yield far exceeds the design capacity of the dam and it is very unlikely that there will be an extreme impact on downstream runoff. However taking into consideration seasonal variations, the rate of filling the new dam may be delayed.
3.2.1 Water Quality
At the time of assessment, Mwomboshi River was not flowing. The river had stretches of ponding water upstream and downstream of the proposed dam sites. Sampling and onsite testing of river water could not be done as the ponds of water would not depict the prevailing quality of water in the river. However, monitoring of water quality will necessary in order to have baseline data prior to dam construction. For this reason, a water quality monitoring plan has to be prepared prior to filling the dam stating frequency and parameters to be monitored as elaborated in the environmental monitoring plan.
3.2.2 Water Supply, Demand and Allocation
According to the Water Resources Management Authority data base, there are three water rights on Mwomboshi River and four on the Mulamba tributary. These water rights have been granted mainly for commercial agriculture and have a total daily water demand of 282,700m3/day. Due to its intermittent flow regime, water allocation on the Mwomboshi River and its tributaries is in form of dams and not direct pumping. The design consideration for the proposed Mwomboshi dam with a capacity of about 60 MCM will be able to release about 7 MCM per annum adequate for the downstream Bushcut dam as well as the 10% requirement for environmental flow. The effect of Mwomboshi dam on Bushcut farm was further investigated by an application of hydrological modelling and it showed that to the contrary Mwomboshi dam will have a positive impact on bushcut as it will act as a storage reservoir.
13
Nonetheless, a downstream flow monitoring plan taking into account sustenance of the ecosystem, abstractions for socio-economic activities has to be prepared prior to dam impoundment as elaborated in the ESMP.
3.3 Vegetation Types and Classification
Three main areas with varying vegetation types were observed; an expanse of riparian vegetation along perennial streams and rivers, dambos, immediate areas of the wet areas and the uplands – the plateau table on both the northern and southern bank of Mwomboshi River. Note that Dambos being referred to here do not have water during dry season and should not be taken to mean wetlands.
According to Trupnel (Vegetation classification of Zambia, 1969), Mwomboshi vegetation falls under Miombo vegetation however findings of this study, the project area would be classified as having mixed vegetation, Miombo and riparian which is along rivers and streams. Vegetation types found in the area either side of the river bank include: riparian, open Miombo woodland and the dambo areas as described above with mixed tree species. The surveys indicated that the project area has secondary vegetation as a result of years of agricultural activity by local communities and commercial farmers. Therefore the proposed project will not have any significant impact on flora in the area because the area is already deleted of vegetation mainly due to clearing of land for settlements and crop cultivation. The figure 3-1 below shows protected areas within the vicinity of the project area. Two areas which appear to be either within or adjacent to the project area namely Muyama and Mwomboshi are no longer protected areas and were legally deregistered to be a protected areas some years back due to several years of encroachment. The study revealed that the area is heavily settled and has mainly secondary vegetation without any species of special concern. Therefore, the proposed project will have no impact on this area because its already depleted of vegetation due to charcoal burning and clearing of land for settlements and crop cultivation.
Figure 3-1: Map showing Protected Areas in relation to the Project Area and the nearby former Muyama forest Reserve (degazzated).
14
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
3.4 FAUNA
Past studies have shown that Mwomboshi area was once rich in fauna especially mammalian species as was reported by some researchers in the early 70s. Most of the mammalian life has been disturbed largely because of anthropogenic factors such as poaching, habitat fragmentation, unplanned fires, and deforestation. Historically, the area had more than 45 mammal species reported by Ansell in the late 1970’s, with the more significant species including Sable Antelope, African Wild Dog, Lion, Waterbuck, Common Reedbuck, Impala and Black Rhinoceros. But this is no longer the case due to human activities in the area. So it must be appreciated that even without the proposed project the area is no longer habitat to the wildlife stated above and therefore the proposed project will have no significant impact on the fauna and its habitat. Below are some of the species that are still present in the area.
Table 3-1 Animals existing in Mwomboshi
No. Common Name Scientific Name 1 African Civets Civettictis civetta 2 Bush babys Galago crassicaudatus 3 Bush Squirels Paraxerus cepapi 4 Bushbucki Tragelaphus scriptus 5 Bushpigi Potamochoerus porcus 6 Duikers Commons Sylvicapra grimmia 7 Monkey vervets Cercopithecus pygerythus 8 Spring hares Pedetes capensis 9 Warthogi Phacochoerus aethiopicus
This is the case with reptiles. However, the area has relatively fair presence of bird life especially terrestrial birds. This means that with the creation of a reservoir in the area more bird species will be attracted to the area which is ecologically a positive development. Below are some of the birds observed during the surveys
Table 3-2 Birds observed during surveys
No. Bird Species Scientific Name 1 African Dater Anhinga rufa 2 African fish Eagle Haliaeetus vocifer 3 African Pied Wagtail Motacilla arguimp 4 Bateleur Terathopius ecaudatus 5 Blue Waxbill Uraeginthus angolensis 6 Common Bulbul pycnonotus barbatus 7 Crowned Hornbill Tockus alboterminatus 8 Emrald-spotted wood Dove Turtur chalcospilos 9 Fork-tailed Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis 10 Greater Honeyguide Indicator indicator
15
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
11 Grey Lourie corthaixoides concolor 12 Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris 13 Lilac-breasted Roller Coracias caudate 14 Little Bee-eater Merops pusillus 15 Lizard Buzzard Kaupifalco monogrammicus 16 Miombo Grey Tit Parus griseiventris 17 Miombo Rock Thrush Monicola angolensis 18 Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone viridis 19 Pied Crow Corvus albbus 20 Rufousbellied Tit Parus rufiventris 21 Senegal Wattled lapwing Vanellus senegallus 22 Tawny-flanked Prinia Prinia subflava 23 Tropical Boubou Laniarius aethioipicus 24 White stork Ciconia ciconia 25 Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird Pogoniulus chrysoconus 26 Red-eyed dove Streptopelia semitorrquata 27 Reed Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo
The figure below shows animal life within and around the project area.
Figure 3-2: Map showing Animal Life within Project Area
16
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
3.5 Eco-System Sensitivity; Habitats and Species of Special Concern
Sensitive Habitats The project area is habitat to riparian vegetation and Dambo grasslands which are wide spread on either side of the river. However, these cannot be considered to be sensitive habitats because they are wide spread in the area and do not host any rare species of ecological importance. Therefore the proposed irrigation project will not in any way affect any sensitive habitat
Ecologically Important Areas The project site does not overlap with any ecologically important area. Muyama forest reserve, degazetted in 2009 due to severe encroachment by local settlers, is no longer a forest reserve and most of the vegetation has been depleted for both economic and agricultural activity. The other area that used to be a protected is Mwomboshi forest reserve which is no longer in existence and equally the project will have no effect on it. Therefore it is important to note that the proposed project will have no effect on any ecologically sensitive area.
Species of Special Concern Although the ESIA alludes to the fact that riparian vegetation and Dambo grasslands need to be preserved, these species are not of special concern. The project will not affect endemic birdlife even though the ESIA alludes to the fact that strips of undisturbed vegetation will be preserved for wildlife/ biodiversity benefit. This is proposed to carter for small mammals hence insignificant. The need for “conservation areas” and “biodiversity offsets” was used in the context of replanting trees to replace loss of secondary vegetation considering that there are still small mammals and bird life in the area.
17
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
4. Environmental Management & Monitoring
4.1 Updated Environmental and Social Management Plan
An Environmental and Social Management plan (ESMP) has been updated taking into account the changes in the institutional arrangements and accountabilities for the project. The detailed procedures needed to address the project impacts and implement the proposed mitigation measures have been outlined in the ESMP. However, it might still be necessary to update the ESMP again in case of time lapse to ensure that prior to construction and operation by the Contractor and Operator respectively. This must be done in a manner satisfactory to the World Bank. The updated ESMP also sets out the budget for implementing the measures during construction and Operation.
18
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Table 4-1: Environmental & Social Management Plan during the preparation/construction phase
Environmental Environmental Management Mitigation/Enhancement Measures Responsibl Time Frame Cost Aspect/issue Impact Objectives e person Start End ZMK
Biophysical Environment
Preparation/Construction Phase
Disturbance of To ensure minimal Clearing of secondary vegetation should only be Contractor Start of Prior to Nil terrestrial ecological & loss of secondary confined to areas where irrigation facilities and Clearing and construction ecosystem services vegetation associated facilities will be constructed. Ensure levelling Removal of processes that when large areas are cleared for vegetation agriculture fields strips of secondary vegetation connecting to each other through the area should be left intact whenever possible Loss of natural habitat To ensure minimal Avoiding clearing or damaging riparian Start of Prior to 85,000 for small mammals, disturbance to the vegetation where possible, and limit river and PIU Clearing and construction birds and insects. habitats for small stream crossings as far as possible. Contractor levelling mammals and birds Avoid blockage or diversion of rivers and streams where possible. Avoid indirect effect of run-off erosion and sedimentation from roads that may lead to loss of riparian habitats. Monitor and maintain riparian habitat corridors and waterways in adjacent areas to maintain faunal connectivity and migration
Loss of species of To ensure minimal The area has no species of special concern. Start of Prior to Nil special concern loss of vegetation However, clearing of secondary vegetation will Contractor Clearing and construction only be confined to areas where irrigation levelling facilities and associated facilities will be constructed. Where possible avoid creating isolated ‘islands’ of Miombo habitat of less than 100 ha in extent as they will not serve as meaningful refugia for small mammals, snakes, etc.
19
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Loss & fragmentation of To minimise The area has no sensitive habitats. However, Start of Prior to 170,00 sensitive habitats clearance of clearing of secondary vegetation will only be Contractor Clearing and construction vegetation confined to areas where irrigation facilities and levelling associated facilities will be constructed PIU Avoid indirect effect of run-off erosion and sedimentation from roads that may lead to loss of riparian habitats. Monitor and maintain riparian habitat corridors and waterways in adjacent areas to maintain faunal connectivity and migration Loss of Fauna diversity To ensure Clearing of vegetation will only be confined to Start of Prior to 75,000 minimum loss of areas where irrigation facilities and associated PIU Clearing and construction habitat facilities will be constructed. levelling Habitat connectivity, via habitat corridors Contractor (through the offsite biodiversity offset which means deliberately initiating programmes of replanting trees) is maintained. Undertake habitat clearance only during winter when birds are not breeding Erosion of top soil and To limit clearance Clearing of vegetation will only be confined to Start of Prior to 300,00 reservoir sedimentation of vegetation to areas where irrigation facilities and associated Contractor Clearing and construction critical areas facilities will be constructed. Ensure application levelling of good agricultural practices that prevent soil loss and embark on community programmes that will sensitise communities in surrounding areas using inappropriate methods of farming leading to erosion and river siltation. Use of contour ridges where required, and well- designed drains for Tier 1 hose-furrow areas. Making-good of borrow pits with topsoil and vegetation
Biodiversity Loss of biodiversity To minimise further Prior to construction, a biodiversity PIU Before At preparatory 95,000 loss within the inundated loss of biodiversity management plan that set out/update clearly clearance of stage areas in areas already the species and habitats that will be affected any impacted by past directly and indirectly by the project should be vegetation economic activities prepared and actions required to mitigate the effects elaborated Spills and/or Pollution of surface To prevent Oils will be stored and used only in designated Contractor Prior to 80,000 accidental water as a result of contamination of areas at the workshops. construction On-going releases. spills water as a result of Dispose any used oil at a designated place in PIU
20
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
oil spills. accordance with the law Contamination of Soil To prevent All contaminated soil will be treated. The Contractor Start of 380,000 contamination of valuable top soil, containing organic material, Vegetation On-going soil nutrients as well as seeds and the soil fauna, clearing Pollution of To avoid will be excavated separately. This will be piled Activities groundwater groundwater in an adequate manner for reuse. After pollution completion of the construction works the contractor will ensure immediate restoration by spreading piled top soil and by sowing adequate grass. Put up erosion control measures such as gabions and gunny bags filled with soil where there is erosion signs to slow down storm water flow in these sections during heavy rains. Also ensure that wood is cleared from the dam area prior to filling of the 200,000dam. Use of Contamination of soil, To prevent the Regular servicing and maintenance of Contractor Start of 200,000 equipment and surface water and/or contamination of equipment and vehicles. clearing On-going vehicles groundwater due to fuel water and soil as a activities spills result of spills and leakages from machines. Reservoir Reduced water flow for To ensure that Operation of Mwomboshi dam has to be done in Contractor Prior to On-going Nil development socio-economic activity downstream water a regulated manner according to set water right scheme downstream users demands are met regulations operation
Increased access to To ensure that water for livestock water demand is met by all users Noise pollution from the To minimise noise All mobile vehicles and equipment will have Contractor At start of End of 90,000 Noise emission movement of the site emission and noise reducers land clearing construction and vibration vehicles can disturb vibration that All land preparation activities will take place meets levels during the day and any work during night-time workers, community permitted under will be communicated to the state authorities the World Bank and local community Environmental and Safety Standards (WBG EHS) Atmospheric Nuisance dust pollutes To reduce dust Water bowsers will be employed on site to Contractor At start of End of 260,000 emissions the air, affect the health emissions during suppress dust on all site roads. land clearing construction
21
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
of site workers construction Designated routes will be established on site for motor traffic. Site workers will be issued with personal protective attire. All the sand or soil heaps will be removed as soon as possible to avoid nuisance dust arising from prevailing. Increased road traffic To prevent and Conduct routine road repair and maintenance Contractor At start of End of will lead to deterioration minimise damage land clearing construction of dirty irrigation of dirty roads scheme roads resulting from traffic Health and Health and safety of To reduce fatalities A Health and Safety Plan covering operations to Contractor At start of End of 65,000 Safety workers and the due to poor work address hazards of operating and maintenance land clearing construction communities at large environment in of works and hazards to the community PIU accordance with (including managing worker-community World Bank interactions and general health hazards) should Environmental and be prepared prior to construction works Safety Standards Soil Erosion Sedimentation of the To prevent siltation Prevent clearance of vegetation around the Contractor At the start of On going 500,000 dam of the reservoir reservoir by creating buffers. dam thus reducing the Flush Mwomboshi reservoir after a period of operation dam capacity time to maintain the storage capacity and at the same time transport sediments downstream of the dam for ecosystem sustainability
22
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Table 4-2: Environmental & Social Management Plan during the preparation/construction phase
Environmental Environmental Management Mitigation/Enhancement Measures Responsible Time Frame Cost Aspect/issue Impact Objectives person Start End ZMW
Socio-economic Environment
Site Clearing/Construction Phase
Improved Increased To increase Priority will be given to the local people. Only Contractor Prior to On-going 200,000 Livelihoods employment employment skills that will not be available within the local construction opportunities for opportunities for the community will be sourced from other areas. locals local people in the area Skills base for the area will be increased by training the locals especially those skills that can be mastered within a short time. Increased To encourage training Ensuring there is a skill transfer programme. Contractor Prior to On-going 150,000 opportunities for of staff on site Categorise staff and each group to be construction skills transfer supervised by a dedicated skilled personnel to ensure on job training. Encourage job on training through observation and trial under supervision. Revenue for the Increased revenue To enhance the tax The Scheme will adhere to all the tax PIU Prior to On-going Nil government from base for the base for the requirements of the Government of the construction taxes government government for Republic of Zambia. Contractor infrastructure development Increase in the To reduce pressure on Measures will include) Adopt selective Contractor Prior to On-going 75,000 local population local resources employment opportunities targeting locals, ii) construction Migration Ensure adequate facilities are provided for staff PIU such as sanitation facilities. Increase in Local To increase the market To enhance this, developer will ensue that the Start of On-going 225,000 Economic Activities for local goods and employees are encouraged to buy most things Contractor clearing services in the area from within the area. The developer will support improvement of market facilities in the area Threat to Human To reduce the Construction activities will expose the Contractor Prior to On-going 325,000
23
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Health incidences of HIV/AIDS community to the non-local people which may construction lead to the spread of HIV/AIDS and other STIs. Measures to minimise this will include; i) sensitise staff and community on the dangers of HIV/AIDs and STIs175,000 ii) support local programmes by Ministry of Health regarding HIV/AIDs Occupational Increased lung To reduce the Watering of the area and surroundings during Contractor Start of On-going 175,000 Health & Safety problems due to incidences of lung the construction stage will be undertaken Clearing dust emissions problems regularly. Land Clearing for Loss of grazing To limit clearing of Designate some areas for grazing coupled with Contractor Start of On-going Nil scheme land vegetation to critical cultivated land for pasture Clearing development areas only
Social Community Loss of vegetation, To minimise loss of Prior to construction dedicated environmental Contractor Prior to dam Year 1 170,000 Infrastructure settlements and livelihood and assets assessment studies should be conducted for construction any new and or upgraded planned livelihood due to PIU infrastructure such roads, transmission lines, Clearing and quarries and borrow pits and quarries levelling of land
24
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Table 4-3: Environmental & Social Management Plan during the operation phase
Environmental Environmental Management Objectives Mitigation/Enhancement Measures Responsible Time Frame Cost Aspect/issue Impact person Start End ZMW
Biophysical Environment
Operation Phase
Environmental Reduced flows for To ensure that the aquatic Prior to construction and operation of the Operator Flows downstream users ecosystem and economic proposed dam, baseline data for environmental Year 1 Before 110,000 activities downstream are flows and other downstream requirements will PIU Construction not adversely affected be gathered,
To ensure that current A monitoring plan should be developed that sets 75,000 needs, uses and to establish a baseline for a minimum Prior to abstractions are environment flow prior to impoundment prior to operation established. operation based on data sampling, usage surveys and biodiversity studies, and consultation with users along the downstream reaches of the river to a point where there is sufficient recharge from tributaries to the river that negates the influence of the Mwomboshi dam.
Spills and/or Pollution of surface To prevent contamination Ensure that all people at the farm are trained in Operator Year 1 On-going 85,000 accidental water as a result of of water as a result of soil handling chemicals/oils and so that no accidental releases. soil erosion erosion. spills are experienced Graves Flooding of graves Prior to impoundment, adopt a final plan that PIU Year 1 Prior to nill should be costed for the preservation and/or impoundmen relocation of graves impacted by the flooding of t the dam based on the outcome ongoing stakeholder consultations Use of Pesticides Possible Pollution of To avoid contamination of A water quality monitoring Plan establishing Prior to 70,000 and fertilizers water quality as a water due to residue baseline data and outlining parameters, Operator Year 1 impoundmen result of excessive pesticides and chemical frequency and approach should be prepared t use fertilizers prior to dam filling and subsequent operation of PIU
25
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
the scheme. Prior to dam construction, the PIU ensure that the Pest Management Plan should be costed
Use of equipment Contamination of To prevent the Regular servicing and maintenance of equipment 190,000 and vehicles soil, surface water contamination of water and and vehicles. Operator and/or groundwater soil as a result of spills and Year 1 On-going due to fuel spills leakages from machines. Contamination of To prevent the All maintenance will be done in workshops. 85,000 surface water contamination of water as Hydrocarbon traps will be installed in the and/ground water a result of washing and workshop drainage system to treat effluent prior Year 1 On-going due to washing and servicing of farm to release to the farm surface drainage. servicing of equipment. equipment
Contamination of Heavy equipment wash-bays equipped with 160,000 water as a result of impervious surfaces and containment to capture washing and effluent from washing operations will be Year 1 On-going servicing of constructed at the open pit workshops equipment
Air pollution due to To minimise atmospheric Regular servicing of vehicles and equipment 195,000 airborne dust pollution due emissions Operator generated from the from vehicles and other Year 1 On-going operation of heavy machines farm equipment Atmospheric used in land emissions clearance. Air pollution To control/minimise the The site will be routinely sprayed with water in Nil generation of dust from the order to suppress dust Operator movement of haul trucks during operations phase Year 1 On-going and other heavy equipment for dam construction Soil Contamination To prevent contamination The service, repair and maintenance of farm Operator Nil due to oil spills of soils at the workshop. equipment and vehicles will be restricted to Year 1 On-going dedicated areas specifically designed for the purpose.
26
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Soil Degradation Contamination of To prevent contamination All scheme equipment using hydraulic fluid, oil, Operator Year 1 On-going Nil Soil from disposal of of soil caused by an fuel or any other substance that has the agro-chemicals/ accidental release of fuel or potential to contaminate surface water, containers oil. groundwater or soil if released into the environment will be subject to a preventative maintenance programme. Procedures laid down in the Emergency Response Plan will be followed in the event of a spill. IPM training Increased usage of To ensure usage of Promote use of organic manures Operator From On-going Nil Agro-Chemicals fertilizers and agro- agrochemicals/ fertilizers is Practice conservation and green farming, operation chemicals according to standards Encourage organic farming, careful choice of crops which replenish soil fertility Loss of vegetation To minimise loss of Reforestate disturbed areas where appropriate Operator Prior to On going 190,000 Climate Change vegetation Minimise clearance of vegetation to critical areas land Facilitate the planting of village woodlots within clearing surrounding communities to offset loss associated with cleared areas. Avoid clearing woodlands which are in a mature or climax state Ensure use of well maintained, high efficiency diesel motors Prevent harvest of fuel wood or utilise charcoal from unsustainable harvesting
27
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Table 4-4: Environmental & Social Management Plan during the operation phase
Environmental Environmental Management Mitigation/Enhancement Measures Responsible Timing Cost Aspect/issue Impact Objectives person Start End ZMW
Socio-economic Environment
Operation Phase
Improved Increased To increase Priority will be given to the local people. Only Operator 110,000 Livelihoods employment employment skills that will not be available within the local opportunities for opportunities for the community will be sourced from other areas. Year 1 On-going locals local people in the area Skills base for the area will be increased by training the locals especially those skills that can be mastered within a short time. Increased To encourage training Ensuring there is a skill transfer programme. Operator Nil opportunities for of staff on site Categorise staff and each group to be Year 1 On-going skills transfer supervised by a dedicated skilled personnel to ensure on job training. Encourage job on training through observation and trial under supervision. Land clearing Displacement of To ensure affected Compensation and replacement of assets will be Operator Nil people and loss of households are not left done after a RAP exercise is undertaken Year 1 Farm assets worse off than before Closure being relocated Revenue for the Increased revenue To enhance the tax The Irrigation scheme will adhere to all the tax Operator Year 1 On-going Nil government base for the base for the requirements of the Government of the government government for Republic of Zambia. infrastructure development Increase in the To reduce pressure on Measures will include) Adopt selective Prior to On-going Nil local population local resources employment opportunities targeting locals, ii) Operator construction Migration Ensure adequate facilities are provided for staff such as sanitation facilities. Increase in Local To increase the market To enhance this, MAL will ensue that the Operator Start of On-going 185,000 Economic Activities for local goods and employees are encouraged to buy most things clearing
28
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
services in the area from within the area. The Scheme will support improvement of market facilities in the area Threat to Human To reduce the Construction activities will expose the Prior to On-going 185,000 Health incidences of HIV/AIDS community to the non-local people which may Operator construction lead to the spread of HIV/AIDS and other STIs. Measures to minimise this will include; i) sensitise staff and community on the dangers of HIV/AIDs and STIs ii) support local programmes by Ministry of Health regarding HIV/AIDs Poor Sanitation Pollution of surface To avoid depletion of Provide adequate sanitation facilities and proper Operator Start of On-going 90,000 and groundwater water resources due to disposal of waste. Clearing contamination Ensure communities are sensitized on good hygiene practices Occupational Health related To minimise any health Ensure working environment is well kept and Operator 120,000 Health diseases for hazards to workers conducive for workers workers Provide personal protective clothing Develop and implement programmes for community awareness and training of workers on safety procedures Human Animal Threat to human To prevent risk of Provide for undisturbed stretches of vegetation Operator Nil Conflict safety animal attach interconnected to provide animal passage
29
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
4.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan
Under the Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP), various mitigation measures have been organised into a well-formulated plan, which will serve as a guide for operation phase. While costs associated with implementing the EMP are often deemed unnecessary it’s important that adequate resources are allocated to implementation of the EMP in order to comply with the monitoring commitments in the EMP as well as ensuring that unexpected effects resulting from operational activities are detected early enough for mitigation without causing irreversible damage to the environment.
30
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Table 4-5: Environmental Monitoring Programme
Program Description Monitoring Location Frequency Parameters Compliance Responsible Cost Requirement Person ZMK
Surface water Ambient surface Mwomboshi River, Monthly pH, EC, TDS, TSS,SO4, Key statutory limits Operator 50,000 Quality water quality – Upstream and Cu, Fe, Co, Mn, NO2, that will be adhered Monitoring upstream and Downstream of PO4, Ca-Hardness, Ca, to include the downstream of the reservoirs Mg, Pb, Co, Cd Statutory Limits for area of disturbance Pesticides effluent discharged to surface waters. Downstream establish the flow baseline data for Downstream of the Daily/Monthl Discharge Discharge PIU 20,000 monitoring flows downstream reservoirs and before y measurements measurement bush cut dam standard protocols Water levels
Biological Aquatic and Location will be Bi-Annual Selection of parameters Compliance Operator 40,000 Monitoring terrestrial flora and selected in line with to be determined in requirements – to fauna the baseline consultation with minimise impacts and assessment to relevant regulatory compare to baseline monitor impacts authorities to ensure environmental data. on biological data potential impacts are detected. Land Areas disturbed Entire Scheme area Up-dated Record area disturbed Operator Nil Monitoring and rehabilitated annually versus area rehabilitated. Success of Plots will be Annually To be determined, will To meet stable, Operator 60,000 rehabilitation determined once include: sustainable landforms rehabilitation has Erosion rates, growth at closure. begun and will rates, species richness, include analogue sites important values, in undisturbed areas. species dominance etc.
31
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Program Description Monitoring Frequency Parameters Compliance Responsible Cost Location Requirement Person
Air Emissions Meteorology Put up a Continuous Temperature No compliance Operator 150,000 Monitoring meteorological station Rainfall requirements – within the Scheme Humidity monitoring of natural area Wind (speed, conditions to direction) supplement other Pressure monitoring including Evaporation runoff volumes, ambient dust loads and noise levels. Ambient dust Locations will be Monthly Total dust levels Statutory dust Operator 5,000 established totals emission limits as around the area detailed in Pollution of disturbance to Control Regulations – record ambient Third Schedule dust levels – mostly during construction phase Noise Ambient and point Construction areas Monthly Survey undertaken Statutory limit for Operator 5,000 source quarterly to record noise levels noise levels in comparison to baseline measurements. Traffic Consistent with Annually Vehicle movements No compliance Operator Nil baseline requirements – to monitoring monitor impacts and program ensure mitigation measures are appropriate.
32
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Mwomboshi IDSP Group 1 sites CP&CB Provider IDSP
Consortium 33