Overview of File Formats for Use In
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File Formats
Electronic Records Management Guidelines - File Formats Rapid changes in technology mean that file formats can become obsolete quickly and cause problems for your records management strategy. A long-term view and careful planning can overcome this risk and ensure that you can meet your legal and operational requirements. Legally, your records must be authentic, complete, accessible, legally admissible in court, and durable for as long as your approved records retention schedules require. For example, you can convert a record to another, more durable format (e.g., from a nearly obsolete software program to a text file). That copy, as long as it is created in a trustworthy manner, is legally acceptable. The software in which a file is created usually has a default format, often indicated by a file name suffix (e.g., *.PDF for portable document format). Most software allows authors to select from a variety of formats when they save a file (e.g., document [DOC], Rich Text Format [RTF], text [TXT] in Microsoft Word). Some software, such as Adobe Acrobat, is designed to convert files from one format to another. Legal Framework: Key Concepts As you consider the file format options available to you, you will need to be familiar with the following concepts: Proprietary and non-proprietary file formats File format types Preservation: conversion and migration Compression Importance of planning File Format Decisions and Electronic Records Management Goals Proprietary and Non-proprietary File Formats A file format is usually described as either proprietary or non-proprietary: Proprietary formats. Proprietary file formats are controlled and supported by just one software developer, or can only be read by a limited number of other programs. -
Kdv-Mp6032u Dvd-Receiver Instruction Manual Receptor Dvd Manual De Instrucciones Receptor Dvd Manual De Instruções
KDV-MP6032U DVD-RECEIVER INSTRUCTION MANUAL RECEPTOR DVD MANUAL DE INSTRUCCIONES RECEPTOR DVD MANUAL DE INSTRUÇÕES © B64-4247-08/00 GET0556-001A (R) BB64-4247-08_KDVMP6032U_en.indb64-4247-08_KDVMP6032U_en.indb 1 008.5.98.5.9 33:38:29:38:29 PPMM Contents Before use 3 Listening to the USB Playable disc type 6 device 23 Preparation 7 Dual Zone operations 24 Basic operations 8 Listening to the iPod 25 When connecting with the USB cable Basic operations Operations using the control screen — Remote controller 9Listening to the other external Main elements and features components 29 Listening to the radio 11 Selecting a preset sound When an FM stereo broadcast is hard to receive FM station automatic presetting mode 31 — SSM (Strong-station Sequential Memory) General settings — PSM 33 Manual presetting Listening to the preset station on Disc setup menu 37 the Preset Station List Disc operations 13 Title assignment 39 Operations using the control panel More about this unit 40 Selecting a folder/track on the list (only for MP3/WMA/WAV file) Troubleshooting 47 Operations using the remote controller Operations using the on-screen bar Specifications 51 Operations using the control screen Operations using the list screen 2 | KDV-MP6032U BB64-4247-08_KDVMP6032U_en.indb64-4247-08_KDVMP6032U_en.indb 2 008.5.98.5.9 33:38:33:38:33 PPMM Before use 2WARNING Cleaning the Unit To prevent injury or fire, take the If the faceplate of this unit is stained, wipe it with a following precautions: dry soft cloth such as a silicon cloth. If the faceplate is stained badly, wipe the stain off • To prevent a short circuit, never put or leave any with a cloth moistened with neutral cleaner, then metallic objects (such as coins or metal tools) inside wipe it again with a clean soft dry cloth. -
(A/V Codecs) REDCODE RAW (.R3D) ARRIRAW
What is a Codec? Codec is a portmanteau of either "Compressor-Decompressor" or "Coder-Decoder," which describes a device or program capable of performing transformations on a data stream or signal. Codecs encode a stream or signal for transmission, storage or encryption and decode it for viewing or editing. Codecs are often used in videoconferencing and streaming media solutions. A video codec converts analog video signals from a video camera into digital signals for transmission. It then converts the digital signals back to analog for display. An audio codec converts analog audio signals from a microphone into digital signals for transmission. It then converts the digital signals back to analog for playing. The raw encoded form of audio and video data is often called essence, to distinguish it from the metadata information that together make up the information content of the stream and any "wrapper" data that is then added to aid access to or improve the robustness of the stream. Most codecs are lossy, in order to get a reasonably small file size. There are lossless codecs as well, but for most purposes the almost imperceptible increase in quality is not worth the considerable increase in data size. The main exception is if the data will undergo more processing in the future, in which case the repeated lossy encoding would damage the eventual quality too much. Many multimedia data streams need to contain both audio and video data, and often some form of metadata that permits synchronization of the audio and video. Each of these three streams may be handled by different programs, processes, or hardware; but for the multimedia data stream to be useful in stored or transmitted form, they must be encapsulated together in a container format. -
VMP74 Datasheet
VMP74 Full HD Digital Media Player Infinite Digital Entertainment Hot and loud without the heat and noise The changing face of media requires new ways to integrate this revolution into an existing home viewing experience. Enjoying a library of unlimited music and video content is possible using the ViewSonic VMP74. With no moving parts and generating no heat, the VMP74 invisibly integrates into any home cinema environment. In addition to online video sources such as BBC iPlayer * and YouTube, the VMP74 connects to social networks such as Flickr and Facebook allowing constant access within a big screen experience. The powerful processor of the VMP performs seamless 1080p up-scaling of most video formats and delivers cinema quality audio. *VMP74: BBCi Player is available on the VMP74 in the UK only Corporate names, trademarks stated herein are the property of their respective companies. Copyright © 2010 ViewSonic® Corporation. All rights reserved. VMP74 Infinite Digital Entertainment > Multi-format support: The VMP74/75 support all major video, audio and photo formats, including MKV,AVI, MOV, JPG, WAV, MP4, MP3, FLAC and Internet radio broadcasts. > Video-on-Demand from all over the world: Video programs can be streamed from sources such as the BBC iPlayer or YouTube for virtually an unlimited selection of online content. > Internet surfing: Thanks to the solid Internet functions of VMP74, it is possible to freely explore the internet and visit social networking sites without using a dedicated expensive and power hungry PC. > Full HD video and audio support: The entire ViewSonic ® VMP Series delivers Full HD and high-fidelity Dolby Digital audio through the digital HDMI 1.3 and optical interfaces interface as standard. -
JPEG and JPEG 2000
JPEG and JPEG 2000 Past, present, and future Richard Clark Elysium Ltd, Crowborough, UK [email protected] Planned presentation Brief introduction JPEG – 25 years of standards… Shortfalls and issues Why JPEG 2000? JPEG 2000 – imaging architecture JPEG 2000 – what it is (should be!) Current activities New and continuing work… +44 1892 667411 - [email protected] Introductions Richard Clark – Working in technical standardisation since early 70’s – Fax, email, character coding (8859-1 is basis of HTML), image coding, multimedia – Elysium, set up in ’91 as SME innovator on the Web – Currently looks after JPEG web site, historical archive, some PR, some standards as editor (extensions to JPEG, JPEG-LS, MIME type RFC and software reference for JPEG 2000), HD Photo in JPEG, and the UK MPEG and JPEG committees – Plus some work that is actually funded……. +44 1892 667411 - [email protected] Elysium in Europe ACTS project – SPEAR – advanced JPEG tools ESPRIT project – Eurostill – consensus building on JPEG 2000 IST – Migrator 2000 – tool migration and feature exploitation of JPEG 2000 – 2KAN – JPEG 2000 advanced networking Plus some other involvement through CEN in cultural heritage and medical imaging, Interreg and others +44 1892 667411 - [email protected] 25 years of standards JPEG – Joint Photographic Experts Group, joint venture between ISO and CCITT (now ITU-T) Evolved from photo-videotex, character coding First meeting March 83 – JPEG proper started in July 86. 42nd meeting in Lausanne, next week… Attendance through national -
Lossless Compression of Audio Data
CHAPTER 12 Lossless Compression of Audio Data ROBERT C. MAHER OVERVIEW Lossless data compression of digital audio signals is useful when it is necessary to minimize the storage space or transmission bandwidth of audio data while still maintaining archival quality. Available techniques for lossless audio compression, or lossless audio packing, generally employ an adaptive waveform predictor with a variable-rate entropy coding of the residual, such as Huffman or Golomb-Rice coding. The amount of data compression can vary considerably from one audio waveform to another, but ratios of less than 3 are typical. Several freeware, shareware, and proprietary commercial lossless audio packing programs are available. 12.1 INTRODUCTION The Internet is increasingly being used as a means to deliver audio content to end-users for en tertainment, education, and commerce. It is clearly advantageous to minimize the time required to download an audio data file and the storage capacity required to hold it. Moreover, the expec tations of end-users with regard to signal quality, number of audio channels, meta-data such as song lyrics, and similar additional features provide incentives to compress the audio data. 12.1.1 Background In the past decade there have been significant breakthroughs in audio data compression using lossy perceptual coding [1]. These techniques lower the bit rate required to represent the signal by establishing perceptual error criteria, meaning that a model of human hearing perception is Copyright 2003. Elsevier Science (USA). 255 AU rights reserved. 256 PART III / APPLICATIONS used to guide the elimination of excess bits that can be either reconstructed (redundancy in the signal) orignored (inaudible components in the signal). -
Game Audio the Role of Audio in Games
the gamedesigninitiative at cornell university Lecture 18 Game Audio The Role of Audio in Games Engagement Entertains the player Music/Soundtrack Enhances the realism Sound effects Establishes atmosphere Ambient sounds Other reasons? the gamedesigninitiative 2 Game Audio at cornell university The Role of Audio in Games Feedback Indicate off-screen action Indicate player should move Highlight on-screen action Call attention to an NPC Increase reaction time Players react to sound faster Other reasons? the gamedesigninitiative 3 Game Audio at cornell university History of Sound in Games Basic Sounds • Arcade games • Early handhelds • Early consoles the gamedesigninitiative 4 Game Audio at cornell university Early Sounds: Wizard of Wor the gamedesigninitiative 5 Game Audio at cornell university History of Sound in Games Recorded Basic Sound Sounds Samples Sample = pre-recorded audio • Arcade games • Starts w/ MIDI • Early handhelds • 5th generation • Early consoles (Playstation) • Early PCs the gamedesigninitiative 6 Game Audio at cornell university History of Sound in Games Recorded Some Basic Sound Variability Sounds Samples of Samples • Arcade games • Starts w/ MIDI • Sample selection • Early handhelds • 5th generation • Volume • Early consoles (Playstation) • Pitch • Early PCs • Stereo pan the gamedesigninitiative 7 Game Audio at cornell university History of Sound in Games Recorded Some More Basic Sound Variability Variability Sounds Samples of Samples of Samples • Arcade games • Starts w/ MIDI • Sample selection • Multiple -
Recommended File Formats for Long-Term Archiving and for Web Dissemination in Phaidra
Recommended file formats for long-term archiving and for web dissemination in Phaidra Edited by Gianluca Drago May 2019 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Premise This document is intended to provide an overview of the file formats to be used depending on two possible destinations of the digital document: long-term archiving uploading to Phaidra and subsequent web dissemination When the document uploaded to Phaidra is also the only saved file, the two destinations end up coinciding, but in general one will probably want to produce two different files, in two different formats, so as to meet the differences in requirements and use in the final destinations. In the following tables, the recommendations for long-term archiving are distinct from those for dissemination in Phaidra. There are no absolute criteria for choosing the file format. The choice is always dependent on different evaluations that the person who is carrying out the archiving will have to make on a case by case basis and will often result in a compromise between the best achievable quality and the limits imposed by the costs of production, processing and storage of files, as well as, for the preceding, by the opportunity of a conversion to a new format. 1 This choice is particularly significant from the perspective of long-term archiving, for which a quality that respects the authenticity and integrity of the original document and a format that guarantees long-term access to data are desirable. This document should be seen more as an aid to the reasoned choice of the person carrying out the archiving than as a list of guidelines to be followed to the letter. -
University of Florida Acceptable ETD Formats
University of Florida acceptable ETD formats The Acceptable ETD formats below are defined based on those media for which a preservation strategy exists. The aim is to make all ETD’s available into the future as the technology changes and software becomes obsolete. Media formats that are not listed in this table are ones that cannot presently be preserved at an acceptable level. Many of these can easily be converted to one of the acceptable formats. If you create a document using Word or LaTex it should be exported as a PDF. Please consult with the CIRCA ETD unit ([email protected]) for assistance or if you have any questions. The Acceptable ETD Formats are reviewed and updated regularly by the Graduate School, the Library, the ETD training staff in Academic Technology, and the Florida Center for Library Automation. All files should be scanned with up-to-date virus software before submission. Files with viruses will not be accepted. Media Acceptable formats (bold indicates preferred formats) Text - PDF/A-1 (ISO 19005-1) (*.pdf) - Plain text (encoding: USASCII, UTF-8, UTF-16 with BOM) - XML (includes XSD/XSL/XHTML, etc.; with included or accessible schema and character encoding explicitly specified) - Cascading Style Sheets (*.css) - DTD (*.dtd) - Plain text (ISO 8859-1 encoding) - PDF (*.pdf) (embedded fonts) - Rich Text Format 1.x (*.rtf) - HTML (include a DOCTYPE declaration) - SGML (*.sgml) - Open Office (*.sxw/*.odt) - OOXML (ISO/IEC DIS 29500) (*.docx) - Computer program source code (*.c, *.c++, *.java, *.js, *.jsp, *.php, *.pl, etc.) -
Research Paper a Study of Digital Video Compression Techniques
Volume : 5 | Issue : 4 | April 2016 ISSN - 2250-1991 | IF : 5.215 | IC Value : 77.65 Research Paper Engineering A Study of Digital Video Compression Techniques Dr. Saroj Choudhary Department of Applied Science JECRC, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India Purneshwari Department of ECE JIET, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India Varshney Earlier, digital video compression technologies have become an integral part of the creation, communication and consumption of visual information. In this, techniques for video compression techniques are reviewed. The paper explains the basic concepts of video codec design and various features which have been integrated into international standards and including the recent standard, H.264/AVC. The ITU-T H.264 video coding standard has been developed to achieve significant improvements over MPEG-2 standard in terms of compression. Although the basic coding framework of the ABSTRACT standard is similar to that of the existing standards, H.264 introduces many new features. KEYWORDS H.264, MPEG-2, PSNR. INTRODUCTION Since minimal information is sent between every four or five The basic communication problem may be posed as conveying frames, a significant reduction in bits required to describe the source data with the highest fidelity possible within an availa- image results. Consequently, compression ratios above 100:1 ble bit rate, or it may be posed as conveying the source data are common. The scheme is asymmetric; the MPEG encoder using the lowest bit rate possible while maintaining specified is very complex and places a very heavy computational load reproduction fidelity [7]. In either case, a fundamental tradeoff for motion estimation. Decoding is much simpler and can be is made between bit rate and fidelity. -
File Format Guidelines for Management and Long-Term Retention of Electronic Records
FILE FORMAT GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT AND LONG-TERM RETENTION OF ELECTRONIC RECORDS 9/10/2012 State Archives of North Carolina File Format Guidelines for Management and Long-Term Retention of Electronic records Table of Contents 1. GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................. 3 2. DESCRIPTION OF FORMATS RECOMMENDED FOR LONG-TERM RETENTION ......................... 7 2.1 Word Processing Documents ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 PDF/A-1a (.pdf) (ISO 19005-1 compliant PDF/A) ........................................................................ 7 2.1.2 OpenDocument Text (.odt) ................................................................................................................... 3 2.1.3 Special Note on Google Docs™ .......................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Plain Text Documents ................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 Plain Text (.txt) US-ASCII or UTF-8 encoding ................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Comma-separated file (.csv) US-ASCII or UTF-8 encoding ........................................................... 7 2.2.3 Tab-delimited file (.txt) US-ASCII or UTF-8 encoding .................................................................... 8 2.3 -
Digital Mathematics Library Report of the Technical Standards Working Group
1 Digital Mathematics Library Report of the Technical Standards Working Group Date May 18, 2003 Thierry Bouche, Ulf Rehmann Cochairs: Thierry Bouche Grenoble [email protected] Ulf Rehmann Bielefeld [email protected] Members: Pierre Berard [email protected] Jon Borwein [email protected] Keith Dennis [email protected] Michael Doob [email protected] Contents 1 Scanning Quality 2 2 Archiving Formats 2 3 File Name and URL Conventions 3 4 Delivery Formats 4 5 Download Units 5 6 Server Techniques 5 7 Further recommendations 6 8 Remarks 8 References 8 This document gives technical recommendations to ensure the integration of digitized mathematical documents in a uniform “Digital Mathematics Library” (DML). Since the digitized documents will be produced by various projects, possibly ap- plying different methods and technologies, these recommendations define general technical standards in order to make the DML as a whole easily accessible, usable, maintainable, and sustainable. A digitization project requires several procedures. The most critical tasks are the scanning and archiving processes, which are substantial for the quality and longevity of the data to be preserved. The scanning part requires most of the work, it cannot easily be repeated and should therefore be performed with greatest care. 2 Thierry Bouche, Ulf Rehmann Other tasks, like enhancing the data by OCR layers1, annotations, metadata, and web links, could be either postponed or possibly redone, if later on more advanced technology becomes available. The actual file formats or implementations mentioned here are presented as ex- amples, which, at the time of this writing, can be used in order to achieve the proposed standards.