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DESERTEC – Clean Power from Deserts

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DESERTEC – Clean Power from Deserts In 2050, the world´s population will need 3 planets to cover it´s demand for resources DESERTEC – Clean Power from Deserts A concept for energy security and climate protection for a world with 10 billion people Hani El Nokraschy [email protected] 2 How can 10 billion people live peacefully together on just one planet? Desert Potential: 3000 PWh/y Energy is abundant 290 126 ~1100 144 PWh 700 95 11 125 ~200 ~200 Annual economic potential, in PWh (= 1000 TWh) Global demand (2008): 18 PWh/y Source: Trieb et.al.,DLR, 2009 3 4 4 MED-CSP EU-MENA ... a rapidly growing region Potential DESERTEC regions 4500 Turkey Historical Data MED-CSP Scenario ~4000 TWh/y Spain 4000 Portugal Malta Turkey Italy 3500 Greece This is a second Europe Tunisia 3000 Morocco How can it be achieved? Libya Egypt 2500 Algeria Yemen 2000 Egypt UAE Syria Saudi Arabia 1500 Qatar Oman Gross Electricity Consumption TWh/y Consumption Electricity Gross 1000 Lebanon Kuwait Jordan 500 Israel Iran Iraq 0 Iran Source: Gerhard Knies 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Cyprus Bahrain Year 5 6 Vision for 2050 The DESERTEC Concept for EU‐MENA 3 Samples out of 20 EU-MENA HVDC DLR Studies: renewable energy potential in the EU and in MENA interconnections each line transmitting 5 Giga Watt Biomass: 1,350 TWh/y Electricity demand in EU‐MENA Geothermal: in the year 2050: 7,500 TWh/y 1,100 TWh/y Windpower: 1,950 TWh/y Hydropower: 1,350 TWh/y Solar power: 630,000 TWh/y Transmission losses 10-15% 7 8 Situation 2010 with 220/400 kV AC Lines 1400 MW __ 450 MW 350 MW 240 MW Under test 600 MW Planned 2014 Egypt-Saudi Arabia 1400 km Rated 3000 MW ±500 kV DC Peak load management: in Saudi Arabia noon peak and in Egypt evening peak Mediterranean Ring, initiated 1987 by Minister Abaza of Egypt 9 10 The DESERTEC Concept for EU‐MENA Solar Hybrid Power Station with Desalination The best sites offer the greatest benefit for climate protection Desalination (MED) with Waste Heat For the same investment, the best sites can produce more clean electricity and therefore replace more conventional power Conventional Solar energy especially in the south, wind power in coastal areas, hydropower Steam Power in the mountains, biomass in fertile central Europe, geothermal as available Station 11 12 Solar Hybrid Power Station with Desalination Solar Hybrid Power Station with Desalination Desalination (MED) with Waste Heat Desalination (MED) with Waste Heat Step 1: Solar field in Hybrid operation for day and night service. Step 2: Solar share ~30% Solar field with Heat Storage for Night operation + boiler as back up. Solar share ~99% & ~ 1% bio-fuel for days with sand storms or clouds 13 14 Electricity production scenario for EU and MENA DLR Studies: Clean power from deserts for local demand and export Freshwater Demand Prospects by Country + 17% RE 500 Deficit ~ 2 x Nile Bahrain MENA Europe Yemen 450 4500 4500 UAE 4000 4000 Import Solar Saudi Arabia Desalination Photovoltaics 400 3500 Export Solar 3500 Wind Qatar Photovoltaics 3000 3000 Geothermal Wind Hydropower 350 Kuwait 66 Geothermal 2500 8585 2500 Biomass Hydropower times Wave / Tidal Oman 2000 times % Biomass 2000 300 Wave / Tidal CSP Plants 1500 as CSP Plants 1500 Oil Iran as 65% RE RE Electricity [TWh/y] Electricity [TWh/y] RE Oil / Gas Gas 1000 250 Iraq 1000 much Coal Coal Natural Renewable Water Nuclear 500 500 Nuclear Syria 18%18% 200 0 0 Lebanon 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Year Year 150 Jordan Quelle: DLR Studie TRANS‐CSP, www.DLR.de/tt/trans‐csp Israel 100 MENA: Power from deserts mainly for local electricity demand and Palestine Egypt Freshwater Demand [billion m³/y] [billion Demand Freshwater 50 desalination Libya Europe: Expansion of domestic renewable energies 0 Tunisia 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Algeria Dispatchable desert power complements the European electricity mix, Year Morocco enabling a higher proportion of PV & Wind, thus quickening the shift to a renewable energy supply Source: DLR, Trieb 15 16 Groundw ater w ithdraw als as percentage of safe yield Saudi Arabia 14 56 % Desertification of Soils due to Groundwater Over- Kuwait 12 75 % exploitation and Salinization (e.g. Bahrain) Qatar Source Dr. Waleed Zebari, Arabian Gulf University Gaza Bahrain 25 0 Jordan 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 00 4 6 0 0 10 250 Yemen 0 300 3000 0 00 300 40 0 Syria 0 000 600 1 00 0 000 200 00 4 00 20 UA E 60 8000 10000 0 Oman 0 0 00 0 6 12 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 30 Algeria 00 200 Explanation 0 0 Tunisia 0 Agricultural land 0 4 00 Explanation irrigated mainly by 10 natural springs Explanation 6000 Agricultural land M orocco Aquifer Aquifer irrigatedby TSE Agricultural land Agricultural land limit limit irrigated mainly by 6 irrigated mainly by Agricultural land 0 0 0 00 0 0 irrigated by 3 abstraction wells 0 abstraction wells 30 Aquifer Cyprus abstraction wells 0 limit 4000 Salinity in mg/l 0 0 0 4000 0 Aquifer 3 Aquifer 4000 Salinity in mg/l Salinity in mg/l 0 0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250% 300% 350% 400% 5 outcrop limit outcrop limit 0 Aquifer 02.55 02.55 0 02.55 40 outcrop limit 00 00 6000 40 Scale, km 40 Scale, km Scale, km Groundwater withdrawals exceeds safe yield Saghir 2000 1960’s 1980’s 1990’s 17 18 Tunis, 30 Oct. 2010 Thisdifferenceis used to support water desalination Reducing cost of water from CSP/MED plants 19 20 Cairo University DESERTEC-WORLD 12,000 solar GigaWatt from Deserts via HVDC super grid to a World with 10 billion People www.menarec.org/remena.html DC HV World total demand 2050: 60 PWh/y Scenario: 50% from deserts: 30 PWh/y Æcollectors for 3000 km 12,000 GW-el 10% loss Within 3000 km from deserts: from 500 x 500 km² To more than of world pop = 0.68% of all deserts 90% clean power from deserts available. = 1% of useful deserts distributed over “10,000” sites 21 22 Source: Gerhard Knies The DESERTEC conceptfor 10 billion people What can we do to foster Development of MENA? Responsibility when managing the remaining resources Long term power purchase agreement to supply clean ¾ Education for wise Resource Management Energy from MENA to EU All peoples of the earth shall have a realistic chance for MENA shall shift subsidies from Oil/Gas for electricity development. ¾ Energy for Development production to subsidising delivered electricity, giving priority to localy produced components. Collect energy from the deserts, as it is abundant and not used Ground an EU‐MENA company that builds HVDC lines ¾ The Sun gives in 6 hours the Energy used in one year between EU and MENA. Transport the collected energy from the deserts over long Ground an EU Company that that buys clean electricity distances to the users ¾ Via HVDC, an available technology from MENA and sells it to the EU grid. Agree that the delivery of electricity is coupled with a Produce potable water by desalination to satisfy food demand reasonable amount of desalted seawater: ¾ Clean Electricity and use of Waste Heat for Desalination e.g. 20‐40 m³ for each MWh delivered electricity. 23 24 Hani El Nokraschy _.
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