Ifjlasiter of ^I)Ilos!Opi)P
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THE ARMS AND ARMY CORPS IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, JAIPUR DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF ifJlasiter of ^I)ilos!opI)p ^ ^ p^ HISTORY - 1 ^j >^' i 0 ^^ ALMAS ZAIDI "^ ... j^< Under the Supervision of Or. SUMBUL HALIM KHAN nvi. /^ 1 CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2011 ^ ^^*>' 2 6 QLi ^^'^ DS4086 (Dedicated to My (Beloved(Parents Wfio aCways wisfied and ma^ efforts for giving me a Better life CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY A.M.U., AUGARH (Dr. Sum6uC9faGm K/ian Reader Dated ^^/C/n This is to certify that the (Dissertation "nJieAi^ns ancCjirmy Corps > W \l Eighteenth Century Jaipur" Sy^Cmas Z^idi is the originaC research wor^ of the candidate, and is suitaSte for submission as the partiaCfuCfidment for the award of the (Degree of!Master of (Philosophy in History. Dr. Sumbul Halim Khan (Supervisor) S^C^Z/TUiAAJiie^Uf^^l^V^I^ '¥irst of attit is OBfigatory to tfian^JiCmigfity <^66u[ACa.min, the most Seneficient and most merciful, who blessed me with (bving and encouraging parents, supervisor, favoraSCe circumstances, potential and encouragement to accomplish this wor^ I Sow my head towards (Rahman -ur-(Rfihim who had chosen this wor^to 6e accomplished 6y me. I owe gratitude to my supervisor (Dr. SumSuCJfaGm %Jian, without her guidance and constant encouragement I could not possiSly accomplish this wor^with success. Ker moral support and masterly guidance was a constant inspiration for me throughout my research wor^ She allowed me to peruse her personal collection of documents. Oder guidance will help me throughout my life. She introduced me to a new field of research, the ^gional history of^jasthan which has Benefitted me in so many ways. It is due to her efforts that I was aBle to present research papers in national conferences and seminars. I am also thanhfulto V.g C for granting departmental scholarship which proved a great financial support for research wor^ It gives me immense pleasure to express my deep sense of gratitude and sincere than^ (Prof I'ariq ^hmad Chairman and Coordinator, Centre of Mvanced Study (Department of History, JIMV; JAligarh. I am deeply Beholden to (Prof (B.L. (Bhadani,for his help in giving permission letters to collect research materials from different liSraries and Museums during fiis period of cHairmansfivp Otfter teacders of the (Department have att been very encouraging and I have great Cy Benefitted from their-patronage throughout the course of my study. I am aCso indeStedto <Dr. JeeCani Sir for afways Being cooperative andheCpfuCin deciphering ^Persian text. I am immensefy gratefuf to Lihrary Staff of (Rajasthan State Jlrchives, ^Bi^ner, Town !Haff Museum, Jaipur and [N'ationaf Museum, !New (Defhi for afways Being cooperative andhefpfuf. It wouCd have Been impossiBfe for me underta^ this research wor^ without their positive attitude and collective efforts. Their rok is noteworthy so far as my research worhjs concerned. I therefore gratefutty ac^owkdge their hefp . Tinatty, I ac^owCedge my than^ to the staff of the Seminar LiBrary, (Department of History, Chief LiBrarian, Maulana Jlzad LiBrary, JLMV JlCigarh and his team of coCfeagues for their promptness in rendering miscefCaneous ^nds ofheCp. There are no words to than^ my (Parents who aCways wished for me a Better Cife. They are the main source of my happiness and progress. It is impossiBCe for me to than^themfor their each and every effort which made my Cife worthwhile. It is pertinent to ac^owCedge my Coving sisters %haiisa and Saadia and my younger Brother Shayan who not only encouraged and provided emotional support to me But also continuously transcended their Cove and affection. Xfiansa also too^ responsiBifity of processing many photos and fine drawings which made my tas^ much easier. I woufd afso fikg to acknowfedge my Brother in faw (Danish (Bhai and his son^ayanfor their moraf support. / wouCcf Ci^ express sincere than^ to my entire friend circCe for their emotionat support throughout my research wor^ I gained many vaCuaSCe suggestions in their company for my research wor^ Their heCp were aCways avaiCaSCe whenever I was in need. These good friends incCude SaSa, Shahequah, Samreen, Sanjeeda, !JVazia, SoSiya, Seema etc. My aff hostef mates no douht were my weff wisher. They made every effort of cooperation during the times of my studies. They are Sana, Shamim JLpa, Hamida JApa, Tarheen Jlpa, Jijaz ^pa, Tfina, J^diSa, (Dara^shan JApa,Tahira JApa, JAsfia^pa. TinaCCy I find my pCeasant duty to egress my e:)(treme gratitude. I owe a speciaC vote of than^ to Tarhat %ama[for ta^ng responsiSiCity of odd proSCems and Being of constant hefp throughout my M. ^hiCl shaCCafways remain o6Ciged6y aCC she has done for me. "'Nothing great is ever achieved without enthusiasm" Enthusiasm, inspires confidence, raises ourmoraC, SuiCds CoyaCty and is priceCess which. I received from the companionship of my friends (pradeep Kumar Yadav, Jiaidar 6hai, (pushpendra, (Bashir, Jdina (pathali^ (^eetajlapa andTariq. I reaCfy appreciate the reminiscence of Cove and affection Bestowed upon me 6y them. Tinady I wish to than^ J4shish Sharma for the consciousness he demonstrated with typing and for the patience he showed during typing my dissertation without my hindrances. O^one of the aSove mentioned persons are however, responsiSCefor any errors or opinions ej(pressedin the wor^ JiCmxis Zaidi ABBREVIATIONS Awarija : Awarija Mutaliba- document, R.S.A. Bikaner Ain : Ain-i-Akbari. KD : Kapad-Dwara-Catalogue of Kapad-Dwara Document M.N : Meena Pattadara- Fehrist Meena Pattadar N.M : National Museum. P.I.H.C : Proceedings of Indian History Congress. P.R.H.C : Proceedings of Rajasthan History Congress. R.S.A : Rajasthan State Archives. S.T : Siyaha Tasiha. V.R : Vakils Report {Arzdasht of Vakils). CONTENTS Page No. INTRODUCTION 1-14 Chapter 1 J5_4Q ARMS OF JAIPUR Classification of Arms Short Range Weapon Long Range Weapon Gun foundry Heavy Artillery Light artillery Chapter 2 41 81 ARMOURS OF JAIPUR • Armours for Men • Armours for Animals Chapter 3 oy JQT ARMY CORPS OF JAIPUR • The Cavalry • Elephant Corps • Camel Corps • Infantry Chapter 4 108 123 JAIPUR ARMY AND ITS OPARETIONS • Fortification, • The Sieges. • Camps CONCLUSION 124 BIBLIOGRAPHY 125-130 APPENDIXES 131-143 • Tauji Jama Kharch Topkhana • Arhsatta Topkhana 1-4 MAPS 1-39 ILLUSTRATIONS 1^^ Wi 000004%/A k. ^ EASTERN RAJASTHAN Par^an«8 hald in Jatir by tha rulers of Ambir. c. 1740 MAP-l M«»t<l 8 0 10 80 30 M MM Map No. 1 SOURCE : Adopted from ''Agrarian System of Eastern Rajasthan" The Amber Raja held the capacity of subedar, faujdar, thanadar, qiladari, ijaradar, zamindar and jagirdar from time to time. In order to hold such significant offices he was expected to maintain a large army. The routine matters like leading an expedition, collection of revenue suppressing rebels, and smooth conduct of administration, army was needed. The petitions {arzdasht / vakil's report) of the officials, and the kapad dwara documents are replete with references of areas and the major role where the Amber /Jaipur army played in sustaining such offices. A select example is laidout in the following table Table -1.1 Name Year Category of Post/ Area document Appointment Sawai Jai Singh Jan 18, Parwana, Persian Jag/fdari Devati Sanchari, sarkar Alwar, suba 1709 (shikastah) Akbarabad Sawai Jai Singh May 4, Parwana, Persian Jagirdad Mominabad alias Amber (Ajmer) 1711 {shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh A.D. 1712 Parwana, Persian Jagirdarl Mominabad alias Vrindavana (shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh IVIay 22, Parwana, Persian Jagirdari Phagi 1712 (shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh Nov. 1, Farman; Persian Faujdari Ahmedabad with Khora suba Kara 1713 (Nastaliq) Sawai Jai Singh Dec. 12, Parwana, Persian Jagirdari IVIominabad of suba Ajmer 1713 (shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh Dec. 14, Panivana, Persian Jag/fdari Khori, suba Akbarabad 1713 (shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh A.D. 1715 Parwana, Persian Jagirdari Tonk suba Ajmer (shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh Sept. 10, Farman; Persian Jaiginiari Malpura in suba Ajmer 1716 (shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh Sept 10, Parwana, Persian Jagirdari Muhammadpur of suba Malwa 1716 (shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh Sept. 23, Panvana, Persian Jagirdan Malpura suba Ajmer 1716 (shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh Sept. 23, Panvana, Persian Jagirdari Ujjain suba Malwa 1716 (shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh Nov. 3, Panvana, Persian Faujdari Toda, Bhim, Kama, Newai and 1716 (shikastah) Lalsot etc. Sawai Jai Singh Sept. 13, Panvana, Persian Jagirdari Akbarabad 1717 (shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh Nov. 19, Hasbul hukum; Faujdari Udehi suba Ajmer 1717 Persian (Shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh June 5, Parwana, Persian Jagirdari Kiara alias Bhangarh of sarkar 1719 (shikastah) Alwar in suba Akbarabad Sawai Jai Singh March 23, Parwana, Persian Jagirdari Ujjain suba Malwa 1720 (shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh IVIarch 12, Parwana (sanad), Jag/rtiari In the pargana of punjab 1721 Persian {shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh March 12, Parwana, Persian Jagirdari Mominabad 1721 (shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh May 3, Panvana, Persian Jagirdari Amarsar, suba Ajmer 1721 (shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh March 3, Parwana, Persian Faujdari Hindon and Toda Bhim suba A.D. 1721 (shikastah) Akbarabad Sawai Jai Singh A.D. 1721 Panvana, Persian Jagirdari Kyara alias Bhangarh, saricar Alwar (shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh A.D. 1722 Farman; Persian Subedari ar\(i Akbarabad and Islamabad (Nastaliq) Faujdah (Mathura), with an increment of 4600 sawars and five lakh dams in inam Sawai Jai Singh Jan. 8, Panvana, Persian Jag/fdari Naraina, suiba Ajmer 1722 (shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh March 1, Panvana, Persian Jagirdari Malarna, suba Ajmer 1722 (shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh April 22, Panvana, Persian Jagirdari Kiara alias Bhangarh suba 1722 (shikastah) Akbarabad Sawai Jai Singh Dec. 12, Panvana, Persian Jagirdari Khori, sarkar Alwar, suba 1722 (shikastah) Akbarabad Sawai Jai Singh Jan.11, Panvana, Persian Jagirdari Khori in sarkar Alwar of suba 1723 (shikastah) Akbarabad Sawai Jai Singh April 23, Panvana, Persian Jagirdari Khori, suba Akbarabad 1723 (shikastah) Sawai Jai Singh Sept.