Market Survey cum Detailed Project Report

on

Aloe Vera Cultivation &

Processing [NPCS/4592/22496] OP: BCCACA RP: OS-1

Prepared By: NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES AN ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED COMPANY 106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Mall St., Delhi – 110 007 () Tel: 91-11-23843955, 23845886, 23845654, +918800733955 Mobile: +919097075054 Fax: 91-11-23845886 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Website: www.niir.org www.entrepreneurindia.co

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Copyright and Disclaimers

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ...... 7

Properties ...... 8

Bureau of Indian Standards (Bis) Provision and Specification ...... 10

Uses & Application ...... 11

Varieties and Cultivation of Aloe Vera ...... 12

Market Study and Assessment ...... 16

Current Indian Market Scenario ...... 16

India aloe vera products market by end use application 2012 – 2022 ...... 16

Present market demand and supply ...... 18

Names and Addresses of Existing Units (Present Players) ...... 19

Estimate future market demand and forecast ...... 20

Market Opportunity ...... 21

Market Insights of Aloe Vera Gel ...... 22

Global Market Scenario ...... 23

Statistics of Import and Export ...... 26

Export Statistics ...... 26

Import Statistics ...... 37

Financials & Comparison of Major Indian Players/Companies ...... 41

Section – I ...... 42

Detailed List of Buyers in India ...... 43

Plant Capacity ...... 46

Name of Raw Material(S) Consumed with Quantity & Cost ...... 48

Section – II ...... 50

Assets ...... 51

Cash Flow ...... 53

Cost as% Ge of Sales ...... 54

Growth in Assets & Liabilities ...... 56

Growth in Income & Expenditure ...... 57

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Income & Expenditure ...... 58

Liquidity Ratios ...... 60

Profits ...... 62

Return Ratios ...... 63

Structure of Assets & Liabilities (%) ...... 64

Method of Cultivation and Raw Materials ...... 66

Method of Cultivation ...... 66

Plant Protection ...... 69

Pest and their control ...... 69

Disease and their control ...... 74

Cultivation Details of Aloevera ...... 79

Suppliers of Raw Materials and Manufacturers of Aloe Vera Products ...... 83

List of raw materials in a glance ...... 83

Personnel (Manpower) Requirement ...... 87

Requirement of Staff & Labour (Skilled and Unskilled) Managerial, Technical, Office Staff and Marketing Personnel ...... 87

Plant & Machinery ...... 88

List of Plant & Machinery ...... 88

Sources of Plant and Machinery ...... 100

Manufacturing Process and Formulation ...... 115

Detailed process of manufacture with formulation ...... 115

Process Flow Sheet Diagram ...... 119

Process flow diagram of aloevera processing ...... 119

Process flow diagram of aloevera gel by centrifugation process ...... 120

Project Layout ...... 121

Built up area ...... 121

Layout of the Plant ...... 122

Photographs /Images for Reference ...... 124

Financial Analysis of the Project ...... 128

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PROJECT FINANCIALS

Annexure

Assumptions for Profitability Workings ……………………………..………………………………...….…1

Plant Economics………………..…………………………………………….……………………………....2

Production Schedule.…………………..……………………………………………………………………..3

Input-output Ratio

Land and Building………………………………………………………….…………….…………………..4

Plant and Machinery……………………………………..…………..……………….…………………...….5

Inventory…………..……………………………………..…………..……………….…………………...….6

Other Assets and Preliminary Expenses…………………………………………….…………………….….7

Administration and Selling Expenses….…………………..…………………………………………….…...8

Cultivation Cost……..………………………………………………………………………………………..9

Material Cost Labour Cost Miscellaneous Cost

Manufacturing Cost………………………………………………………………………………….……...10

Turnover………………………………………………………………………………………...... 11

Cost of Production…….. ………………………………………………………………….……………..…12

Equity Share Capital……………………………………………………………..……………………….…13

Accounting Ratios………………………………………………………….……………..……………...... 14

ROI (Average of Fixed Assets) RONW (Average of Share Capital) ROI (Average of Total Assets)

Earnings Per Share…………………………………………………………………………………..….…...15

Profitability Ratios……………………………………………………………………………….………….16

Debt Equity Ratio Profit Volume Ratio Continued on Next Page

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Breakeven Analysis…………………………………………………………………………..……….……17

Profit and Loss Statement ………………………………………………………………….……………....18

Balance Sheet ………………………………………………………….……………………………………19

Cash Flow Statement……………..…………………………………………………………………………20

Depreciation Schedule……………………………………………………………………..……………..…21

Term Loans and Working Capital Loan Details……………………………………….………..………….22

Loan for Term Loans……………….…………………………………………………...……………….…23

Loan for Working Capital Loan……………………..………………………………….……….………….24

Loan for Short Term Borrowing…………. ……………………………………….………………….....…25

Loan for Building……………..…………. ……………………………………….………………….....…26

Loan for Building-Cultivation Loan for Building-Manufacturing Loan for Building-Administrative Block

Loan for Machinery…………..…………. ……………………………………….………………….....…27

Loan for Machinery- Cultivation Loan for Machinery- Manufacturing

Loan for Other Administrative Assets.…. ……………………………………….………………….....…28

Projected Payback Period……………………….………………………………………..………….……29

Internal Rate Return…………………………….…………………………………………..……..………30

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Introduction

Scientific Name of the plant – Aloe Barbadensis Miller

Common Name – Aloe Vera

Aloe Vera is a stemless or very short-stemmed plant growing to 60–100 cm (24–39 in) tall, spreading by offsets. The leaves are thick and fleshy, green to grey-green, with some varieties showing white flecks on their upper and lower stem surfaces. The margin of the leaf is serrated and has small white teeth. The flowers are produced in summer on a spike up to 90 cm (35 in) tall, each flower being pendulous, with a yellow tubular corolla 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 in) long. The plant has triangular fleshy leaves with serrated edges, yellow tubular flowers, and fruits contain numerous seeds. Each leaf is composed of three layers: An inner clear layer of gel that contains 99% water and rest is made of glucomannans, amino acids, lipids, sterols and vitamins. The middle layer of latex contains bitter yellow sap and anthraquinones and glycosides. Aloe Vera has been widely grown as an ornamental plant. The species is popular with modern gardeners as a putatively medicinal plant and for its interesting flowers, form, and succulence. This succulence enables the species to survive in areas of low natural rainfall, making it ideal for rockeries and other low water-use gardens. The species is hardy in zones 8–11, and is intolerant of heavy frost and snow.] The species is relatively resistant to most insect pests, though spider mites, mealy bugs, scale insects, and aphid species may cause a decline in plant health.

The Main objective of the Project is to give a general techno feasibility of how to cultivate and process Aloe Vera. ALOE VERA is grown commercially for its high demand in cosmetic industries as well as in Indian System of Medicines. The succulent leaves are economic part of this plant. Its multifarious uses as medicinal plants, vegetables, pickle purposes etc. Has inspired growers for commercial cultivation in many parts of the World. The gel produced from its mature leaves is used in for preparation of , face creams and moisturizing agents. Also in the Form of Packaged Juice due to Immense health Benefits.

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Properties

Aloe Vera contains 75 potentially active constituents with various vitamins, enzymes, minerals, sugars, Anthraquinones, Fatty acids, lignin, saponins, salicylic acids and amino acids.

The main properties of Aloe Vera are as follows:-

1. Healing properties: Aloe gel not only increased collagen content of the wound but also changed collagen composition (more type III) and increased the degree of collagen cross linking. Due to this, it accelerated wound contraction and increased the breaking strength of resulting scar tissue. An increased synthesis of and dermatan sulphate in the granulation tissue of a healing wound following oral or topical treatment has been reported.

2. Effects on skin exposure to UV and gamma radiation: Aloe Vera gel has been reported to have a protective effect against radiation damage to the skin. Exact role is not known, but following the administration of Aloe Vera gel, an antioxidant protein, metallothionein, is generated in the skin, which scavenges hydroxyl radicals and prevents suppression of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the skin. It reduces the production and release of skin keratinocyte-derived immunosuppressive cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and hence prevents UV-induced suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity.

3. Anti-inflammatory action: Aloe Vera inhibits the cyclooxygenase pathway and reduces prostaglandin E2 production from arachidonic acid. Recently, the novel anti-inflammatory compound called C-glucosyl chromone was isolated from gel extracts which has Anti – inflammatory action.

4. Effects on the immune system: Aloe Vera also Known as Ghrit Kumari in Sanskrit has been reported to increase immunity Strength and having Anti- Cancerous Properties.

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5. Laxative effects: Anthraquinones present in latex are a potent laxative. It increases intestinal water content, stimulates mucus secretion and increases intestinal peristalsis.

6. Antiviral and antitumor activity: These actions may be due to indirect or direct effects. Indirect effect is due to stimulation of the immune system and direct effect is due to anthraquinones. The anthraquinone aloin inactivates various enveloped viruses such as herpes simplex, varicella zoster and influenza. In recent studies, a polysaccharide fraction has shown to inhibit the binding of benzopyrene to primary rat hepatocytes, thereby preventing the formation of potentially cancer-initiating benzopyrene-DNA adducts. An induction of glutathione S-transferase and an inhibition of the tumor- promoting effects of phorbol myristic acetate has also been reported which suggest a possible benefit of using aloe gel in cancer chemoprevention.

7. Moisturizing and anti-aging effect: Its moisturizing effects has also been studied in treatment of dry skin associated with occupational exposure where Aloe Vera gel gloves improved the skin integrity, decreases appearance of fine wrinkle and decreases erythema. It also has anti- effect.

8. Antiseptic effect: Aloe Vera contains 6 antiseptic agents: Lupeol, , urea nitrogen, cinnamonic acid, phenols and sulfur. They all have inhibitory action on fungi, bacteria and

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Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Provision and Specification

National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, , India has identified some accessions having high aloin and gel content. The high aloin content accessions are IC-111267, IC-111269, IC-111272, IC- 111273, IC-111279, IC-111280 and the high gel content accessions are IC-111266, IC-111267, IC-111272, IC-111277, IC-111280. Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore has also identified some accessions namely, AV-1, AV-7, AV- 8, AV-23 and AV-46.

Specification Details of Some of the Aloe Vera Standards are as follows:

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Uses & Application

1. USAGE FOR HEART BURN RELEIEF - Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a digestive disorder that often results in heartburn. A 2010 review suggested that consuming 1 to 3 ounces of aloe gel at mealtime could reduce the severity of GERD. It may also ease other digestion-related problems. The plant’s low toxicity makes it a safe and gentle remedy for heartburn.

2. KEEPING PRODUCE FRESH- A 2014 study published online by the Cambridge University Press looked at tomato plants coated with aloe gel. The report showed evidence that the coating successfully blocked the growth of many types of harmful bacteria on the vegetables. Similar results were found in a different study with apples. This means that aloe gel could help fruits and vegetables stay fresh, and eliminate the need for dangerous chemicals that extend the shelf life of produce.

3. AN ALTERNATIVE TO MOUTHWASH- In a 2014 study Trusted Source published in the Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, researchers found Aloe Vera extract to be a safe and effective alternative to chemical-based mouthwashes. The plant’s natural ingredients, which include a healthy dose of vitamin C, can block plaque. It can also provide relief if you have bleeding or swollen gums.

4. LOWERING BLOOD SUGAR (ANTI –DIABETIC PROPERTIES)- Ingesting two tablespoons of Aloe Vera juice per day can cause blood sugar levels to fall in people with type 2 diabetes, according to a study Trusted Source in Phyto Medicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacy. This could mean that Aloe Vera may have a future in diabetes treatment. These results were confirmed by another studyTrusted Source published in Phytotherapy Research that used pulp extract.

5. A NATURAL LAXATIVE Aloe Vera is considered a natural laxative. A handful of studies have looked into the benefits of the succulent to aid digestion. The results appear to be mixed.

6. - We can use Aloe Vera to keep your skin clear and hydrated. This may be because the plant thrives in dry, unstable climates. To survive the harsh conditions, the plant’s leaves store water. These water-dense leaves, combined with

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special plant compounds called complex carbohydrates, make it an effective face and pain reliever.

7. POTENTIAL TO FIGHT BREAST CANCER- A recent study published in Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine looked at the therapeutic properties of aloe emodin, a compound in the plant’s leaves. The authors suggest that the succulent shows potential in slowing the growth of breast cancer. However, more studies are needed to further advance this theory.

Varieties and Cultivation of Aloe Vera Varieties

Gurguva aloe Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) Cape aloe Aloe ferox Sagotrin aloe Aloe perryi

These are the three mainly cultivated types of aloe. Certain other types like Zanzibar, Uganda, Natal and Hyderabad aloe are having good quality of “aloe gel”.

Soil and Climate

Well drained laterite to loamy soils is suited for aloe cultivation. The soil pH must be ranged from 7.0 to 8.5. Commercial cultivation can be done in regions having 25 – 40°C.

Seed and sowing

It is propagated through suckers. The suckers are dipped in 0.1% Carbendazim for five minutes and planted in the field. For planting one hectare of land, 10,000 suckers are required.

Sowing of Aloe plant should be done in the month of July-August, so that initially plant will get sufficient water. Aloe vera is propagated through root suckers and rhizome cuttings. For this, 15-20 cm. long root suckers or rhizome cuttings are planted in the field at a distance of 50 x 30 cm. Two third length of the cutting is buried under the soil while upper one-third portion is kept above the soil. For sowing the field should be prepared by ploughing the field 2-3 times. Immediately

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after planting, field should be irrigated. Since its roots do not go deep into the soil deep ploughing is not required. If irrigation facilities are available it can be sown at any season. In absence of proper irrigation facilities it should be planted in rainy season only. Adult and mature plants can withstand water stress for a long time, but newly sprouted seedling need timely irrigation, especially at the time of planting, due to less succulent leaves. Therefore,initial irrigation is recommended. To get seedlings a nursery may also be raised through seeds. One year old seedlings may be planted in the field.

Planting season The planting can be done during two seasons namely June – July and September – October.

Planting

Field is thoroughly ploughed and beds of suitable sizes are formed. Suckers are planted at 90 x 90 cm spacing.

Field view

For commercial cultivation aloe is a new crop. Therefore, determination of appropriate doses of fertilizers is under trial. Experiments conducted outside indicate that for high leaf and gel yield it needs high nitrogen doses. The doses of nitrogen have been found associated with the number of irrigations. More number of irrigations needless nitrogen while less number of irrigations needs more nitrogen for getting maximum production from the crop. Aloe crop should be given 150 kg of NPK mixture per hectare. Complete dose of phosphorus and potassium and half dose of nitrogen should be applied at the time of planting as basal dose. Rest of the nitrogen should be applied after the plants are established well in the

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field. In addition to the fertilizers, per hectare 20-25 tons of farmyard manure should also be applied and mixed well in the field before planting. Irrigation

Number of irrigations in Aloe Vera depends on the production of gel and juice. Generally more number of irrigations is required for gel production. In India, number of irrigations in this crop may be required between 4 and 10 depending on the area and climate. In dry areas, like Rajasthan, maximum number of irrigations is required. Though it is a draught resistant crop water scarcity adversely affects the crop production. High rainfall areas of North Eastern or peninsular India need least water requirement. In these areas soil should be well-drained otherwise water stagnation in crop may adversely affect the crop.

Manuring

Incorporate 10 t/ha of FYM during last ploughing. For fertile soils manuring is not required at all. But for low fertile soils, apply 30 kg/ha of Nitrogen + 120 kg/ha of Gypsum during field preparation. In addition, 30 kg N can be applied after 20 days of planting.

Weed control

Weeding should be done time-to-time. Generally, two weeding are enough in a year. In the beginning, when plants are small weeding is essential. In fully grown crop neither the weeds could become dominant on the crop nor is it easy to perform weeding operation in the field by conventional implements. At this stage entire land is covered with crop. The leaves are full of gel and juice. If they are disturbed in the weeding operation they might break, causing damage to the crop.

Plant protection No pest and disease infestation are noticed in aloe. However, under water logged condition, rotting will occur which will be overcome by good drainage practices.

Harvest Harvesting can be done 6 – 7 months after planting. Plants are uprooted and processed (gel extraction) within 6 hours after harvest. A crop once planted gives production up to five years. For maximum yield the crop is cut after 9-10 months

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of planting. During this period mature leaves are more juicy, weighty and fresh. Too much old leaves do not give good quality gel and its quantity is also decreased. Very new and immature small leaves also contain least quantity of gel. For production of juice mature leaves of appropriate size are cut from the base and are hung for 5-6 hr. keeping cut portion downside. By doing this whole juice of leaf trickles down. For obtaining gel the leaves are cut open longitudinally and the white coloured transparent gel is scrapped with the help of knife for further processing. For other uses, whole plant can be cut from the base or take out along with root and dried. Crop should be harvested in the morning hours. Before five years the crop should not be eradicated by roots. After cutting the leaves the crop is again sprouted and gets ready for harvest by next year. This process may be continued till 5 years.

Yield An average leaf yield of 15t - 20t per hectare can be obtained.

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Market Study and Assessment

Current Indian Market Scenario

Indian aloe vera market stood at $ 28.70 million in 2019 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of over 10 % approx. In value terms, during 2020-2025, to reach $ 46.22 million by 2025. Rising number of health-conscious consumers, rapidly growing middle class with increasing disposable income, elevating hygiene standards and expanding working population due to which the consumers are compelled to make a steady shift to natural products, are aiding Indian aloe vera juice market. Moreover, increasing disposable income along with changing lifestyle and awareness regarding the consumption of a balanced and healthy diet to reduce life style diseases, are some of the other factors expected to propel demand for aloe vera juice over the next five years.

India aloe vera products market by end use application 2012 – 2022 India aloe vera products market is projected to surpass $242 million by 2022. Growth is expected to be driven by rising concerns among consumers regarding their health and skin problems, predominantly due to hectic and stressful lifestyles, which is resulting in a shift in consumer preference towards natural alternatives and herbal nutraceuticals. Moreover, growing awareness about consuming a healthy diet that can potentially reduce occurrence of lifestyle diseases such as high blood pressure, cholesterol, obesity and diabetes, is expected to boost demand for aloe vera products in India over the next five years.

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Some of the major players operating in India aloe vera products market are Patanjali Ayurved Limited, Dabur India Ltd., Shree BaidyanathAyurved Bhawan Pvt. Ltd., The Himalaya Drug Company, Ltd., Aloe Veda Personal Care, AloeVera India, Khadi Natural, , Nature's Essence Pvt. Ltd., Fabindia, MSG All Trading International Pvt. Ltd., Bright Lifecare Pvt. Ltd., Rattan Organic Foods Pvt. Ltd., Nourish Vitals, etc.

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Present market demand and supply The present market conditions still has scope for new players due to rise in awareness of the people about the amazing health benefits of its use apart from cosmetic usage, the demand in the Indian market is expected to grow by 20-25% on YOY basis as per market opinions for the next 5-10 years before hitting the normal growth rate.

Aloe Vera is a juicy plant which stores water in its leaves, they are pulpy and thick. The leaves produce two substances the gel, and aloe latex. It is mostly found in the tropical climatic conditions in different countries across the globe. Aloe Vera is generally used for , food, and medicine. Aloe Vera is widely used in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food industry. The Aloe Vera are used to formulate pharmaceuticals products such as capsules, drinks, powders, and gels. Aloe Vera is known to relieve skin related disorders, weight loss, cardiac diseases, and many more health related problems, due to which, consumption of aloe vera have increased among consumers globally.

The leaves of these plants provide gels and saps that are used in cosmetic, food and health products. The largest market for aloe gels and saps is the cosmetics industry.

Some of the major companies operating in the aloe vera Juice market are: • Patanjali Ayurved Limited • Dabur India Ltd. • Shree Baidyanath Ayurved Bhawan Pvt. Ltd. • The Himalaya Drug Company • Brihans Natural Products Ltd. • Aloe Veda Personal Care • AloeVera India • Khadi Natural • Forest Essentials • Nature's Essence Pvt. Ltd. • Fabindia • MSG All Trading International Pvt. Ltd. • Bright Lifecare Pvt. Ltd. • Rattan Organic Foods Pvt. Ltd. • Nourish Vitals

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Names and Addresses of Existing Units (Present Players)

Patanjali Ayurved Ltd. D-6, Pushpanjali, Bijwasan Enclave, New Delhi Dl 110061 In

Vitromed Health Care Polycon House, A-27 & B-64, BaisGodam Industrial Estate, Near Sbi Bank, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302006

Rattan Organic Foods Pvt. Ltd., Villa No 33 Samanway Lata Nagar Kalwar Road, Near Dominos, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302012

Shree BaidyanathAyurved Bhawan Pvt. Ltd., Shree Ayurved Bhawan Pvt. Ltd. Baidyanath Bhawan Road, Patna - 800 001 (Bihar) India Post Box No.- 112, G.P.O., Patna, Gram : "Pranda" Patna,India

Bright Lifecare Pvt. Ltd., Bright Lifecare Pvt. Ltd., T-01, 3rd Floor, Parsvnath Arcadia, Mg Road, Sector 14, Gurugram (Haryana) - 122001

Axiom Ayurveda, Rampur Sarsehri Road, Ambala Cantt, Ambala, Haryana - 133006, India.

St. Botanica India, Emmbros Overseas Lifestyle Pvt Ltd. Plot 296, Industrial Area, Phase-2, Panchkula (Haryana) – 134113 India

KapivaAyurved, 1st Floor, Notan Classic Turner Road, Sv Rd, Next ToTavaa Restaurant, Bandra West, W, 400050

Nourish Vitals, Emmbros Overseas Lifestyle Pvt. Ltd. Plot 296, Industrial Area, Phase-2, Panchkula (Haryana) – 134113 India

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Estimate future market demand and forecast FMI maintains a positive long-term outlook on the global aloe vera extracts market, estimating global revenues to surpass us$ 3.3 Bn by 2026. Volume-wise, the global aloe vera extracts market is anticipated to expand at 7.4% CAGR through 2026. The global Aloe Vera Gel market size is projected to reach USD 355.9 million by 2026, from USD 243.1 million in 2020, at a CAGR of 6.6% during 2021-2026.

Demand for aloe vera product in food industry is expected to grow with a fastest rate in the forecast period. Growth is expected to be driven by rising concerns among consumers regarding their health and skin problems, predominantly due to hectic and stressful lifestyles, which is resulting in a shift in consumer preference towards natural alternatives and herbal nutraceuticals. Moreover, growing awareness about consuming a healthy diet that can potentially reduce occurrence of lifestyle diseases such as high blood pressure, cholesterol, obesity and diabetes, is expected to boost demand for aloe vera products in India over the next five years.Wide range of applications such as packaged drinking water, low-calorie fruit juice are creating new opportunity. Cosmetics is the largest end user sector of aloe vera product, which accounts for more than 40% of global demand in 2019.

The present market conditions still have scope for new players due to rise in awareness of the people about the amazing health benefits of its use.

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Market Opportunity India aloe vera market stood at $ 23.72 million in 2017 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of over 10.02%, in value terms, during 2019-2024, to reach $ 38.68 million by 2024. Rising number of health-conscious consumers, rapidly growing middle class with increasing disposable income, elevating hygiene standards and expanding working population due to which the consumers are compelled to make a steady shift to natural products, are aiding India aloe vera juice market. Moreover, increasing disposable income along with changing lifestyle and awareness regarding the consumption of a balanced and healthy diet to reduce life style diseases, are some of the other factors expected to propel demand for aloe vera juice over the next five years.

Aloe Vera has numerous benefits and finds its application in numerous industries such as food,beverages, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, etc. Numerous studies have also found Aloe Vera to be beneficial in several indications such as teeth and gum problems, constipation, diabetes induced foot ulcers, antimicrobial properties, protection from UV radiation, skin problems, etc. Apart from the current uses, the benefits of Aloe Vera are also being studied in a number of several other indications. This is expected to further diversify the applications of Aloe Vera and create opportunities to launch several new products targeting newer indications.

As a result of a rising prevalence of lifestyle related diseases, consumers around the world are becoming more conscious of their health. Driven by this trend, the demand of products containing natural ingredients such as Aloe Vera are being perceived by consumers to be safer and healthier than their processed or chemical alternatives. Another major factor driving the growth of the Aloe Vera market is its strong consumer acceptance. The history of Aloe Vera can be traced as far as the Egyptian civilization. Consumers all across the world have been aware of its benefits and applications for several thousand years. As a result, manufacturers don’t have to spend vast amounts of money in educating consumers on its benefits and applications. Although the demand of Aloe Vera is strong throughout the globe, growth rates in emerging markets such as India, China, Middle East, etc. are expected to be extremely high. Driven by rising economic growth, increasing disposable incomes and low market penetration levels, emerging markets are expected to represent major drivers of future growth.

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Market Insights of Aloe Vera Gel

The global aloe vera gel market grew at a CAGR of around 7% during 2014-2019. Aloe Vera Gel Market is valued at USD 618.36 Million in 2018 and expected to reach USD 972.51 Million by 2025 with the CAGR of 6.71% over the forecast period. Aloe vera contains polysaccharides in the gel or latex of its thick green leaves. The gel offers several therapeutic benefits based on the high content of amino acids, sugars, enzymes, hormones, vitamins, minerals, etc. Aloe vera gel is highly beneficial in treating oral problems, microbial growth, skin diseases, digestive ailments, and boosting immunity. As a result, it is widely used across several industries, including cosmetics, personal care, food and beverage, pharmaceutical, etc.

The aloe vera gel market is primarily driven by the increasing consumer health consciousness across the world. The high prevalence of skin-related diseases, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, etc., is augmenting the consumption of aloe vera gel. Aloe vera gel has also been found to be beneficial in reducing inflammation, lowering the symptoms of acid reflux, decreasing cancer risks and treating hemorrhoids. The rising shift of consumers from chemical-based products towards herbal or organic ingredients is further driving the market growth. The increasing use of aloe vera gel in several personal grooming products, such as creams, , anti-aging products, face wash, , etc., is also catalyzing the product demand. Additionally, the rising popularity of aloe vera gel in the healthcare sector for treating mild wounds and reducing skin inflammations is further driving the market growth.

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Global Market Scenario

The global Aloe Vera market reached a value of US$ 602 Million in 2019. Aloe Vera is widely used for its healing and restorative properties. It belongs to the liliacea family and has thick green leaves which contain gel and latex. The gel consists primarily of water and the rest includes various vitamins, amino acids, enzymes, hormones, minerals and sugars, most of which are found in the human body. Aloe Vera is widely used in the food industry, cosmetic and toiletries industry, and the pharmaceutical industry. The market has been growing steadily over the last decade driven by varied and increasing usage of Aloe Vera in the food, health care and cosmetic industries.

IMARC Group’s latest study “Aloe Vera Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2020-2025” provides a comprehensive analyses of the global Aloe Vera market. The study segments the market on the basis of three key application areas of Aloe Vera in the cosmetics, food, and healthcare industries. The healthcare and cosmetics sectors are currently the two biggest drivers of Aloe Vera consumption. Region-wise, Thailand was the biggest producer of Aloe Vera accounting for around a third of the total global production. Other leading producers include Mexico, Dominican Republic, United States and Costa Rica. The report also analyses some of the key players of the Aloe Vera market. Forever Living Products is currently the largest producer of Aloe Vera products in the world. Other major players and their profiles have also been included in the report. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the global aloe vera market to exhibit its moderate growth during the next five years.

Global Aloe Vera Market Drivers:

• Aloe Vera has numerous benefits and finds its application in numerous industries such as food, beverages, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, etc. Numerous studies have also found Aloe Vera to be beneficial in several indications such as teeth and gum problems, constipation, diabetes induced foot ulcers, antimicrobial properties, protection from UV radiation, skin problems, etc. Apart from the current uses, the benefits of Aloe Vera are also being studied in a number of several other indications. This is expected to

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further diversify the applications of Aloe Vera and create opportunities to launch several new products targeting newer indications. • As a result of a rising prevalence of lifestyle related diseases, consumers around the world are becoming more conscious of their health. Driven by this trend, the demand of products containing natural ingredients such as Aloe Vera are being perceived by consumers to be safer and healthier than their processed or chemical alternatives. This coupled by the numerous health benefits of Aloe Vera is expected to create a positive impact on its global demand. • Another major factor driving the growth of the Aloe Vera market is its strong consumer acceptance. The history of Aloe Vera can be traced as far as the Egyptian civilization. Consumers all across the world have been aware of its benefits and applications for several thousand years. As a result, manufacturers don’t have to spend vast amounts of money in educating consumers on its benefits and applications. • Although the demand of Aloe Vera is strong throughout the globe, growth rates in emerging markets such as India, China, Middle East, etc. are expected to be extremely high. Driven by rising economic growth, increasing disposable incomes and low market penetration levels, emerging markets are expected to represent major drivers of future growth.

Global Aloe Vera Gel Market Dynamics

Increasing use of aloe vera gel in skin care products is the major driving factor of aloe vera gel market growth. Additionally, aloe vera gel has different type of beneficial properties anti-inflammatory, acne removing, anti-oxidation, herbal, and several others it helps to increase the aloe vera gel market. Aloe vera gel is easy to available in mall, medical stores, etc. most of peoples are rapidly changes their preferences towards the healthy life style such as using natural ingredient-based cosmetics in recent years. Aloe vera gel is also a vital product for constipation. For instance, Germany’s regulatory agency for herbs – Commission E – approved the use of aloe vera for the treatment of constipation. Dosages of 50-200 milligrams of aloe latex are commonly taken in liquid and capsule form once daily for up to 10 days. However, aloe vera gel has some side effects which affect the body adversely, such as skin allergy, diabetes, and other side effects which may hamper market growth. Moreover, strong support for the use of aloe vera gel from pharmacopoeia monographs and positive lists will imply to add the most effective therapies in near future are expected to generate new market opportunities over the forecast period.

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Global Aloe Vera Gel Market Regional Analysis –

Asia pacific is the emerging market in the aloe vera gel market. Increasing awareness regarding consuming the healthy diets through natural products is reducing the possibility of diseases, rapid development in cosmetic industry in pacific. Thailand is a biggest aloe vera producing country in Asia pacific. Due to huge population and increasing demand for aloe vera gel are fostering the market growth in this region.

North America is a dominating region in the manufacturing of aloe vera gel related product like gels, drinks, powders and capsules. According to the 2012 Nutrition Business Journal Annual Report, Aloe vera was 20th among best- selling dietary supplements in the USA. There has been a general upward trend in sales from USD 31 million in 2000 to USD 72 million in 2011. In United States, aloe vera juice has been sold and consumed with ever increasing frequency. Additionally, the volume of aloe vera juice sold in the United States has been on an annual rise over the course of the past decade. Furthermore, in the European health market the whole leaf and gel extract are used. Globally the demand for aloes continues to grow across the different market. The aloes plant are not grown in the Europe as a result Europe imports for its aloes supplies from other countries.

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Statistics of Import and Export

Export Statistics Export data for September & October 2020

Product Description Foreign Foreig India Value Value Std Std Qty Unit Mode Country n Port Port (INR) (USD) Qty Unit

AQUASOFT SOAP Turkey Mersin JNPT 102075 15489.3 17420 PAC 17420 PAC Sea 75GM[17420 X 1 = 17420 0 2 PACKS] [ALOE VERA, KOKUM BUTTER, GLYCERIN AND LIQUID PARAFFIN SOAP] ROTO GRAVURE PRINTED Israel Ashdod Hyderaba 791623 12012.4 4492.2 KGS 4492.2 KGS ICD LAMINATED SHEETS:TINOKI d ICD 9 ALOE VERA 306MM (440700003)-AS PERINVOICE PRINTED LAMINATE FOR United Jebel JNPT 446275 6772.01 2067.8 KGS 2067.8 KGS Sea SOAP WRAPPING : WRAPPER Arab Ali FA ALOE VERA 125G- Emirates 2077381 ALOE VERA GEL SPRAY Kenya Nairobi Bombay 410887 6235 25 KGS 25 KGS Air DRIED POWDER Air

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GLASSY ALOE (ALOE VERA Kazakhsta Almaty Delhi Air 264811 4018.37 300 KGS 300 KGS Air GEL) n

ALOE VERA JUICE POWDER Taiwan Kaohsi Delhi Air 242820 3618.77 75 KGS 75 KGS Air 100:1 BATCH NO. ABK6302 ung

LAMITUBE FHRC ALOE United Jebel JNPT 209518 3179.34 52360 NOS 52360 NOS Sea VERA 120G, GC EXPORT- Arab Ali MULTILAYER PLASTIC Emirates LAMINATED COLLAPSIBLE TUBES (FOILLESS/FOILBASED) MULTILAYER PLASTIC United Jebel JNPT 211601 3153.52 51920 NOS 51920 NOS Sea LAMINATED COLLAPSIBLE Arab Ali TUBES(FOILLESS/FOILBASE Emirates D) LAMITUBE FHRC ALOE VERA 120G GC EXPORT PRINTED LAMINATE FOR United Jebel JNPT 207064 3142.1 1259.4 KGS 1259.4 KGS Sea SOAP WRAPPING : JOLIME & Arab Ali ALOE VERA 75G WRAPPER Emirates ALOE VERA EXTRACT Tanzania Dar es Bombay 189800 2880.12 300 KGS 300 KGS Air :BATCH NO.:KV-OAL-1/16 Salaam Air COSMETIC BEAUTY Yemen Aden JNPT 177930 2700 2880 NOS 240 DOZ Sea PRODUCTS- SOFT COLORS CUCUMBER & ALOE VERA ANTI- AGING & REJUVENATING SCRUB (500 ML) (OTHER MEDCNE PUT UP Kuala Bombay 151866 2263.28 2025 PAC 2025 PAC Air FOR RETAIL SALE N.E.S.) Lumpu Air ELOVERA CREAM 50 r GM.(VITAMIN E & ALOE VERA CREAM)

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COSMETIC BEAUTY Yemen Aden JNPT 148275 2250 3600 NOS 300 DOZ Sea PRODUCTS- SOFT COLORS CUCUMBER & ALOE VERA ANTI- AGING & REJUVENATING SCRUB (300 ML) ALOE VERA WHEATGRASS United Felixsto Mundra 138195 2059.54 52 CTN 52 CTN Sea JUICE(1000MLX12PCS)=52 Kingdom we ALOE VERA AMLA United Felixsto Mundra 130804 1949.38 75 CTN 75 CTN Sea JUICE(1000MLX12PCS)=75 Kingdom we PRINTED LAMINATE FOR South Cape JNPT 127749 1903.86 544.53 KGS 544.53 KGS Sea SOAP WRAPPING :- Africa Town WRAPPER JB ALOE VERA 200G (SA) – 535033 GLAM & GLORY HAIR Tanzania Dar es JNPT 123710 1877.23 5184 PAC 5184 PAC Sea REMOVING CREAM ALOE Salaam VERA & CUCUMBER HERBAL PRODUCTS- ALOE Ukraine Kiev Delhi Air 90054 1342.09 31.5 KGS 31.5 KGS Air VERA SEA BUCKTHORNCREAM(15 GM PACKING) GLAM & GLORY HAIR Tanzania Dar es JNPT 82640.8 1254.03 4896 PAC 4896 PAC Sea REMOVING CREAM ALOE Salaam VERA & CUCUMBER ALOE VERA POWDER United New JNPT 79017.7 1177.61 345 KGS 345 KGS Sea States of York America HERBAL Banglades Benapo Petrapole 77122.8 1149.37 4995 NOS 4995 PCS Road COSMETICS:MOISTURIZING h le Road ALOE VERA FACEWASH 50ML (API) GLASSY ALOE (ALOE VERA Kazakhsta Almaty Delhi Air 74147.1 1125.15 84 KGS 84 KGS Air GEL) n ALOE VERA GINGER HONEY United Felixsto Mundra 74745 1113.93 30 CTN 30 CTN Sea JUICE(1000MLX12PCS)=30 Kingdom we

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GLAM & GLORY HAIR Mozambiq Beira JNPT 72575.5 1101.3 3240 PAC 3240 PAC Sea REMOVING CREAM ALOE ue VERA & CUCUMBER LIVE TISSUE CULTURE United Miami Bangalore 61089.6 927 3000 NOS 3000 NOS Air PLANTS - ALOE VERA - States of Air INTENDED TO CLAIM America CHAPTER 3 BENEFIT UNDER MEIS PATANJALI ALOE VERA United Jebel JNPT 60140.8 896.29 30 CTN 30 CTN Sea JUICE W/FIBER 1 LTR12 Arab Ali PIECES IN 30 CTN Emirates ALOE VERA GEL Male Bombay 51220 777.24 1000 NOS 1000 NOS Air Air GLAM & GLORY HAIR Mozambiq Beira JNPT 47911.7 727.04 3024 PAC 3024 PAC Sea REMOVING CREAM ALOE ue VERA & CUCUMBER PATANJALI ALOE VERA United Jebel JNPT 40074.5 597.23 20 CTN 20 CTN Sea JUICE ORNG 1 LTR Arab Ali 12PIECES IN 20 CTN Emirates LIVE TISSUE CULTURE Australia Brisban Bangalore 38777.9 588.44 2000 NOS 2000 NOS Air PLANTS,ALOE VERA CLONE e Air 6 ALOE VERA AMLA United Felixsto Mundra 37372.5 556.97 25 CTN 25 CTN Sea JUICE(1000MLX12PCS)=25 Kingdom we TOP CLASS ALOE VERA Uganda Kampal JNPT 35427.8 537.6 960 NOS 960 PCS Sea BODY SCRUB 300 ML. a ALOE VERA SHAMPOO United Housto JNPT 32141.6 479.01 432 NOS 432 PCS Sea 200ML States of n America DIETARY SUPPLEMENT - United New Bombay 28468.8 432 240 PAC 240 PAC Air ALOE VERA ORGANIC VEG States of York Air CAPSULES America 10 CTNS NILA HERBAL United Sharjah Cochin 25615.3 381.75 10 CTN 10 CTN Sea SOAP (CUCUMBER & ALOE Arab Sea VERA) 144 X 75 GMS Emirates

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ALOE VERA 100:1 SPRAY Czech Prague Delhi Air 24178.7 366.9 6 KGS 6 KGS Air DRIED 10- Republic 20%POLYSACCARIDE-KIL/ DSHEB63/AVE6/122 ALOE VERA GEL(NON Malaysia Penang Delhi Air 23697.8 359.6 30 KGS 30 KGS Air EDIBLE GRADE ABOVE ITEM DOSEN'TCONTAIN SAFFROLE) LIVE TISSUE CULTURE Australia Melbou Bangalore 19120.4 284.95 1000 NOS 1000 NOS Air PLANTS,ALOE VERA rne Air GLAM & GLORY ALOE VERA Zimbabwe Harare JNPT 18707.3 278.8 300 PAC 300 PAC Sea & CUCUMBER FACE WASH DETAILS AS PER INVOICE HERBAL Sri Lanka Colomb Delhi TKD 16606.6 252 300 NOS 300 NOS ICD COSMETICSJOVEES ALOE o ICD VERA MOISTURISING 100ML VEDICA SHOWER GEL WITH Russian Saint Bangalore 15921.5 241.6 237 NOS 237 NOS ICD ROSE & ALOE VERA(VEDA Federation Petersb ICD VEDICA BATH GEL ROSE & urg ALOEVERA 250ML) BIO ALOE VERA LOTION Sri Lanka Colomb Delhi Air 15535.7 235.75 60 NOS 60 PCS Air (30T SPF SUNSCREENFOR o NORMAL TO OILY SKIN IN THE SUN 120ML) KHADI HERBAL SHAMPOO Germany Hambu Delhi TKD 14399.9 218.51 200 BTL 200 BTL ICD NEEM & ALOE VERA(EACH rg ICD BOTTLE 210 ML) AYURVEDIC BEAUTY Mauritius Not Delhi Air 14338.2 217.57 25 NOS 25 PCS Air PRODUCTS : BIO VERA 190 Availabl ML (ALOE VERA FACE & e BODY SUN LOTION SPF 75 NEW) BIO ALOE VERA(30T SPF Sri Lanka Colomb Delhi Air 14149.5 214.71 72 NOS 72 PCS Air FOR NORMAL o

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TO OILY SKIN IN THE SUN 50GM GLAM & GLORY HAIR Zimbabwe Harare JNPT 13095.1 195.16 500 PAC 500 PAC Sea REMOVING CREAM ALOE VERA & CUCUMBER DETAILS AS PER INVOICE ALOE VERA JUICE(ORANGE United New Delhi TKD 11202.9 170 5 CTN 5 CTN ICD FIBER) 1LTR.12X6 LTR States of York ICD America ALOE VERA JUICE(ORANGE) United New Delhi TKD 11202.9 170 5 CTN 5 CTN ICD 1LTR.12X6 LTR States of York ICD America ALOE VERA JUICE(FIBER) United New Delhi TKD 11202.9 170 5 CTN 5 CTN ICD 1LTR.12X6 LTR States of York ICD America GLAM & GLORY ADVANCE Zimbabwe Harare JNPT 10775.4 160.59 192 PAC 192 PAC Sea FACE SCRUB ALOE VERA DETAILS AS PER INVOICE LIVE TISSUE CULTURE Australia Brisban Bangalore 9694.51 147.11 500 NOS 500 NOS Air PLANTS,ALOE VERA CLONE e Air 3 LIVE TISSUE CULTURE Australia Brisban Bangalore 9694.51 147.11 500 NOS 500 NOS Air PLANTS,ALOE VERA CLONE e Air 9 ALOE VERA SOAP United New Delhi Air 8722.54 132.36 50 NOS 50 NOS Air States of York America LIVE TISSUE CULTURE Australia Melbou Bangalore 8553.65 129.8 500 NOS 500 NOS Air PLANTS ALOE VERA rne Air SATURN LIVE TISSUE CULTURE Australia Melbou Bangalore 8553.65 129.8 500 NOS 500 NOS Air PLANTS ALOE VERA JANUS rne Air LIVE TISSUE CULTURE Australia Melbou Bangalore 8553.65 129.8 500 NOS 500 NOS Air PLANTS ALOE VERA rne Air JUPITER

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LIVE TISSUE CULTURE Australia Melbou Bangalore 8553.65 129.8 500 NOS 500 NOS Air PLANTS ALOE VERA VENUS rne Air NATURAL ESSENTIAL OILS- France Paris Delhi Air 7908 120 5 KGS 5 KGS Air ALOE VERA OIL ALOE VERA CREAM 25 GM Russian Saint Pakwara 7591.72 115.2 360 NOS 360 PCS ICD Federation Petersb Moradaba urg d AYURVEDIC BEAUTY Mauritius Not Delhi Air 7295.11 110.7 50 NOS 50 PCS Air PRODUCTS : BIO ALOE Availabl VERA FACE & BODY SUN e LOTION SPF 30 SUNSCREEN FOR NORMAL TO OILY SKIN IN THE SUN COSMETICS - NATURES- Fiji Nadi Bombay 6441.61 96 48 NOS 48 PCS Air NATURE'S ALOE VERA GEL Air 100 GM (OTHER) HERBAL SKIN CARE United Jebel Delhi TKD 5481.22 83.17 96 NOS 96 PCS ICD PRODUCTS:-VLCC Arab Ali ICD POMEGRANATE & ALOE Emirates VERA GENTLEEXFOLIATING SCRUB-150ML PATANJALI ALOE VERA Togo Lome Jaipur 5361.67 79.91 72 NOS 72 NOS ICD MOISTER CREAM (50GRM X ICD 72PC) Kanakpur a ALOE VERA JUICE 1 LTR Cote D Abidjan JNPT 4797.59 72.8 10 LTR 10 LTR Sea Ivoire KHADI HERBAL SOAP ALOE Germany Hambu Delhi TKD 4752.15 72.11 120 NOS 120 PCS ICD VERA (EACH PCS125 GMS) rg ICD ALOE VERA GEL United New Delhi TKD 4497.67 68.25 1 CTN 1 CTN ICD 150GM.60X150GMS States of York ICD America ALOE VERA United Sharjah Delhi Air 4361.5 65 1 KGS 1 KGS Air Arab Emirates

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ALOE VERA SAFFRON GEL France Bordea Jaipur Air 4088 62.03 16 NOS 16 NOS Air FOR HELP IN SKIN CARE, ux EXTERNAL USE (16X100G) PATANJALI ALOE VERA Togo Lome Jaipur 3605.85 53.74 144 NOS 144 NOS ICD SOAP (150GRM X 72PC) ICD Kanakpur a AMAIRA FRESH GLOW ALOE Nepal Birgunj Raxaul 2556 38.79 72 NOS 6 DOZ Road VERA GEL 200ML ALOE VERA GOLD GEL FOR France Bordea Jaipur Air 2555 38.77 10 NOS 10 NOS Air HELP IN SKIN CARE, ux EXTERNAL USE (10X100G) FE LIGHT HYDRATING United New Delhi Air 2351.89 35.69 2 NOS 2 PCS Air MOISTURISING FACIAL GEL States of York PURE ALOE VERA 50 GMS America ,BT NO -16011,MFG DT- 09.09.2016, EXP DT- 08.09.2017 OTHER MEDICAMENT United Grand Bombay 2332.84 35.4 15 NOS 15 NOS Air (CALAMINE+ALOE Kingdom Cayma Air VERA+LIQUID PARAFFIN- n LOTION-100ML-CALOSOFT-) FE LIGHT HYDRATING United Dubai Delhi Air 2330.09 35.36 2 NOS 2 PCS Air MOISTURISING FACIAL GEL Arab PURE ALOE VERA 50 GMS Emirates ,BT NO - 16011/B, MFG DT- 09.09.2016,EXP DT- 08.09.2017 EXTRA VIRGIN ALOE VERA Vietnam Ho Chi Delhi Air 2306.5 35 5 KGS 5 KGS Air GEL, NO CHEMICAL Minh TREATMENT City ALOE VERA CAPSULE Netherland Amster Jaipur Air 2322.12 34.61 10 NOS 10 NOS Air HERBAL COMPOUND s dam CAPSULE (10X60 CAPS) AMAIRA FRESH GLOW ALOE Nepal Birgunj Raxaul 2040 30.96 24 NOS 2 DOZ Road

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VERA GEL 900ML POVIDONE IODINE 5%, Hong Kong Not Bombay 1955.68 29.68 40 PAC 40 PAC Air METRONIDAZOLE 1% & Availabl Air ALOE VERA 1.5% OINTMEN e T (PROVIDINE-AM) PATANJALI ALOE VERA Togo Lome Jaipur 1803.15 26.87 72 NOS 72 NOS ICD KANTI BODY CLEA.150GRM ICD X 72PC Kanakpur a PATANJALI ALOE VERA Togo Lome Jaipur 1803.15 26.87 144 NOS 144 NOS ICD SOAP (75GRM X 144PC) ICD Kanakpur a EXTRA VIRGIN ALOE VERA Vietnam Ho Chi Delhi Air 1318 20 5 LTR 5 LTR Air JUICE, NO CHEMICAL Minh TREATMENT City ALOE VERA ANTI Switzerlan Basel Jaipur Air 1286.1 19.17 10 NOS 10 NOS Air DANDRUFF FOR d HELP HAIR CARE ( 10 X 100 ML ) FE LIGHT HYDRATING Australia Sydeny Delhi Air 1225.35 18.26 1 NOS 1 PCS Air MOISTURISING FACIAL GEL PURE ALOE VERA ,B/NO.16011/A,MFG DT.09.09.16,EXP DT.08.09.17 CARROT SEED OIL FE LIGHT HYDRATING Switzerlan Zurich Delhi Air 1176.06 17.85 1 NOS 1 PCS Air MOISTURISING FACIAL GEL d PURE ALOE VERA 50GMS,BATCH NO- 16012,MFG DT- 21.09.2016,EXP DT- 20.09.2018 FE LIGHT HYDRATING Hong Kong Not Delhi Air 1197.89 17.85 1 NOS 1 PCS Air

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MOISTURISING FACIAL GEL Availabl PURE ALOE VERA 50 GMS e ,BATCH#16012,MFG#21.09.2 016,EXP#20.09.2017 FE LIGHT HYDRATING Singapore Not Delhi Air 1164.82 17.68 1 NOS 1 PCS Air MOISTURISING FACIAL GEL Availabl PURE ALOE VERA e 50GMS,B/NO.16012,MFG.D T.21.9.16,EXP.DT.20.9.17 FE LIGHT HYDRATING Malaysia Kuala Delhi Air 1164.12 17.35 1 NOS 1 PCS Air MOISTURISING FACIAL GEL Lumpu PURE ALOE VERA 50 r GMS,B/NO.16012,MFG.DT.2 1.09.16,EXP.DT.20.09.18 HERBAL FACEPACK ALOE Cameroon Douala Bombay 1071.75 15.97 50 PAC 50 PAC Air VERA 100 GM (PACK OF 1 X Air 1 NOS) AYURVEDIC COSMETIC Sweden Stockh Delhi Air 913.03 13.85 1 NOS 1 PCS Air ITEMSFE LIGHT HYDRATING olm MOISTURISING FACIALGEL PURE ALOE VERA AYURVEDIC HERBAL Romania Buchar Bombay 889.66 13.5 1 KGS 1 KGS Air POWDERS & ESSENTIAL est Air OIL: Aloe Vera Extract ALOE VERA SKIN Maldives Male Madras 876.16 13.06 4 NOS 4 PCS Air GEL(BEAUTY PARLOUR Air ACCESSORIES) AYURVEDIC COSMETIC United New Delhi Air 842.22 12.78 1 NOS 1 PCS Air ITEMSFE LIGHT HYDRATING States of York MOISTURISINGFACIAL GEL America PURE ALOE VERA FE SUNSCREEN LOTION Hong Kong Not Delhi Air 570.74 8.66 2 NOS 2 PCS Air ALOE VERA & Availabl SANDALWOOD 50 ML , BT e NO -16008, MFG DT-

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23.08.2016,EXP DT- 22.08.2017 STABILISED ALOE VERA Egypt Alexand JNPT 568.31 8.62 5 KGS 5 KGS Sea JUICE ria B.NO.BF0028,MFG.DT.03/14 ,EXP.DT.03/19 BEAUTY PROD. ALOE VERA South Johann Jaipur Air 494.25 7.5 3 NOS 3 NOS Air GOLD GEL FOR HELPIN Africa esburg SKIN CARE (3 X 100 G) ALOE VERA POWDER United Abu Ahmedab 402.6 6 4 KGS 4 KGS Air (250gm* 16 PACK) Arab Dhabi ad Air Emirates GLAM & GLORY RANGE- Zimbabwe Harare JNPT 357.25 5.32 500 NOS 500 NOS Sea ADVANCE FACE SCRUB APRICOAT, ALOE VERA &CUCUMBER , CARBEN- POSTER [ PROMOTIONAL MATERIAL ] FE SUNSCREEN LOTION United New Delhi Air 279.49 4.24 1 NOS 1 PCS Air ALOE VERA & States of York SANDALWOOD America 50ML,B/NO.16009,MFG.DT. 05.09.16,EXP.DT.04.09.17 FREE SAMPLE OF ALOE Ukraine Kiev Delhi Air 239.63 3.64 3 KGS 3 KGS Air VERA GEL ELOVERA CREAM 50 Malaysia Kuala Bombay 0 0 202 PAC 202 PAC GM.(VITAMIN E & ALOE Lumpu Air VERA CREAM) (FREE OF r CHARGE GOODS OF N.C.V.)

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Import Statistics Import data for September- & October 2020

Country Description Quantity Unit Per Unit Value Port of Cus.Duty / (INR) (INR) Discharge CCR

BEDDING : ALOE VERA DOUBLE (BLEACHED) (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) Nhava Sheva

CHINA (126 PCS) 455.7 KGS 429.46 195707 (JNPT) SEA Duty BEDDING : ALOE VERA SINGLE (BLEACHED) (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) Nhava Sheva

CHINA (80 PCS) 173.6 KGS 486.73 84496 (JNPT) SEA Duty ALOE VERA GEL (USED IN NON- Sahar Air

CHINA ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES) 75 KGS 7869.2 590187 Cargo ACC Duty BEDDING : ALOE VERA DOUBLE (BLEACHED) (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) Nhava Sheva

CHINA (162 PCS) 585.9 KGS 431.4 252756 (JNPT) SEA Duty BEDDING : ALOE VERA SINGLE (BLEACHED) (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) Nhava Sheva

CHINA (80 PCS) 173.6 KGS 488.92 84876 (JNPT) SEA Duty SLEEK WAX - SLEEK ALOE VERA & LOTUS FLOWER READY TO USE WAXSTRIPS (10*2+5WIPES+1LEAFLET,STRIP WITH Tuglakabad

CHINA BLACK PRINTING) 15648 BOX 59 928233 ICD Duty CUCUMBER & ALOE VERA CLEANSING CREAM 75ML(210CTNS/5030PCS @3153.810USD)(ITEM#: CYDK050-75-

CHINA 1) 378 KGS 576 217885 Chennai Sea Duty ALOE VERA GEL (USED IN NON- Sahar Air

CHINA ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES) 63.35 KGS 7933 502558 Cargo ACC Duty ALOE VERA GEL (USED IN NON- Sahar Air

CHINA ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES) 11.65 KGS 7933 92420 Cargo ACC Duty

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Chennai Air

CHINA ALOE VERA EXTRACT 100 KGS 1650 164953 Cargo ACC Duty Chennai Air

CHINA ALOE VERA EXTRACT 25 KGS 2213 55328 Cargo ACC Duty ARMPIT PAD:MODEL OF AP- 03(3000PCS/POLYBAG,WITH ALOE

CHINA VERA )(1474KGS) 402000 PCS 1 509767 Chennai Sea Duty BEDDING : ALOE VERA DOUBLE (BLEACHED) (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) Nhava Sheva

CHINA (102 PCS) 323 KGS 496 160095 (JNPT) SEA Duty BEDDING : ALOE VERA SINGLE (BLEACHED) (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) Nhava Sheva

CHINA (60 PCS) 108 KGS 593 64038 (JNPT) SEA Duty PILLOW : ALOE VERA PILLOW (MICRO Nhava Sheva

CHINA FIBRE FILLING) (504 PCS) 504 KGS 425.5 214451 (JNPT) SEA Duty PILLOW : ALOE VERA PRSD. PILLOW Nhava Sheva

CHINA (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) (100 PCS) 150 KGS 397.13 59570 (JNPT) SEA Duty PILLOW : ALOE VERA PILLOW (MICRO Nhava Sheva

CHINA FIBRE FILLING) (336 PCS) 336 KGS 447.18 150253 (JNPT) SEA Duty PILLOW : ALOE VERA PRSD. PILLOW Nhava Sheva

CHINA (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) (130 PCS) 195 KGS 397.49 77511 (JNPT) SEA Duty

CHINA ALOE VERA PILLOW SIZE: 18" X 27" 300 PCS 473.26 141977 Kolkata SEA Duty PILLOW : ALOE VERA PILLOW (MICRO Nhava Sheva

CHINA FIBRE FILLING) (144 PCS) 144 KGS 440.31 63405 (JNPT) SEA Duty PILLOW : ALOE VERA PRSD. PILLOW Nhava Sheva

CHINA (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) (40 PCS) 60 KGS 391.39 23483 (JNPT) SEA Duty ALOE VERA POWDER 200X (TN001)(NOT FOR SALE- FOR FREE

CHINA SUPPLYTO GUEST IN HOTEL) 5 KGS 19870 99349 Chennai Sea Duty PILLOW : ALOE VERA PILLOW (MICRO Nhava Sheva

CHINA FIBRE FILLING) (204 PCS) 204 KGS 436.15 88975 (JNPT) SEA Duty PILLOW : ALOE VERA PRSD. PILLOW Nhava Sheva

CHINA (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) (100 PCS) 150 KGS 387.69 58154 (JNPT) SEA Duty BEDDING : ALOE VERA DOUBLE Nhava Sheva

CHINA (BLEACHED) (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) 722 KGS 535.62 386721 (JNPT) SEA Duty

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(228 PCS) BEDDING : ALOE VERA SINGLE (BLEACHED) (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) Nhava Sheva

CHINA (200 PCS) 360 KGS 626.92 225691 (JNPT) SEA Duty Sahar Air

CHINA ALOE VERA GEL 75 KGS 7946.9 596020 Cargo ACC Duty PILLOW : ALOE VERA PILLOW (MICRO Nhava Sheva

CHINA FIBRE FILLING) (408 PCS) 408 KGS 435.67 177755 (JNPT) SEA Duty PILLOW : ALOE VERA PR. PILLOW Nhava Sheva

CHINA (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) (70 PCS) 105 KGS 387.27 40663 (JNPT) SEA Duty BEDDING : ALOE VERA DOUBLE (BLEACHED) (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) Nhava Sheva

CHINA (102 PCS) 323 KGS 535.04 172817 (JNPT) SEA Duty BEDDING : ALOE VERA SINGLE (BLEACHED) (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) Nhava Sheva

CHINA (100 PCS) 180 KGS 626.23 112722 (JNPT) SEA Duty ALOE VERA POWDER 200 X (TN001) CHEMICALS FOR MANUFACTURING OF SHAMPOO/BODYLOTION/SHOWER

CHINA GEL/ CONDITIONER ) 1 KGS 18550 18550 Chennai Sea Duty PILLOW : ALOE VERA PILLOW (MICRO Nhava Sheva

CHINA FIBRE FILLING) (600 PCS) 600 KGS 427.27 256360 (JNPT) SEA Duty PILLOW : ALOE VERA PR. PILLOW Nhava Sheva

CHINA (MICRO FIBRE FILLING)(120 PCS) 180 KGS 379.79 68363 (JNPT) SEA Duty BEDDING : ALOE VERA DOUBLE (BLEACHED) (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) Nhava Sheva

CHINA (108 PCS) 342 KGS 524.71 179452 (JNPT) SEA Duty BEDDING : ALOE VERA SINGLE (BLEACHED) (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) Nhava Sheva

CHINA (60 PCS) 108 KGS 614.15 66328 (JNPT) SEA Duty PET PRODUCTS ALOE VERA SHAMPOO 250ML 2898 720 QTY Nhava Sheva

CHINA ORIGIN CHINA 720 BTL 70.43 50709 (JNPT) SEA Duty

CHINA BEDDING ( ALOE VERA DOUBLE 60 PCS 1685.4 101124 Tuglakabad Duty

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 39

ICD Tuglakabad

CHINA BEDDING ( ALOE VERA SINGLE ) 80 PCS 1121.3 89705 ICD Duty PILLOW : ALOE VERA PILLOW (MICRO Nhava Sheva

CHINA FIBRE FILLING) (300 PCS) 300 KGS 428.51 128554 (JNPT) SEA Duty PILLOW : ALOE VERA PR. PILLOW Nhava Sheva

CHINA (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) (80 PCS) 120 KGS 380.9 45708 (JNPT) SEA Duty ALOE VERA 200X(TN001) (CHEMICALS FOR MANUFACTURING OF SHAMPOO / BODY LOTION / SHOWER GEL /

CHINA CONDITIONER ) 0.1 KGS 19559 1955.9 Chennai Sea Duty PILLOW : ALOE VERA PILLOW (MICRO Nhava Sheva

CHINA FIBRE FILLING) (108 PCS) 108 KGS 435.82 47069 (JNPT) SEA Duty PILLOW : ALOE VERA PR. PILLOW Nhava Sheva

CHINA (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) (50 PCS) 75 KGS 387.4 29055 (JNPT) SEA Duty Sahar Air

CHINA ALOE VERA GEL 35.66 KGS 7799.2 278120 Cargo ACC Duty Sahar Air

CHINA ALOE VERA GEL 39.34 KGS 7799.2 306821 Cargo ACC Duty ALOE VERA PEELING MACHINE Delhi Air Cargo

CHINA MODEL NO.99SD30 1 SET 663544 663544 ACC Duty PILLOW : ALOE VERA PILLOW (MICRO Nhava Sheva

CHINA FIBRE FILLING) (492 PCS) 492 KGS 425.49 209342 (JNPT) SEA Duty PILLOW : ALOE VERA PR. PILLOW Nhava Sheva

CHINA (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) (80 PCS) 120 KGS 378.22 45386 (JNPT) SEA Duty BEDDING : ALOE VERA DOUBLE (BLEACHED) (MICRO FIBRE FILLING) Nhava Sheva

CHINA (108 PCS) 342 KGS 522.53 178707 (JNPT) SEA Duty

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 40

Financials & Comparison of Major Indian Players/Companies

Source: CMIE

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 41

Section – I

This section comprises of selected companies with their contact details. These companies have major market share in their respective field.

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 42

Detailed List of Buyers in India

Sl.No. Company Contact Details Tel. No. Website Name 1 Patanjali D-26, Pushpanjali, Bijwasan Enclave, Phone: 01334- https://patanjaliayurved.org/cont Ayurveda New Delhi 110061, India 265370 act.html

2 Patanjali Pune Pune 411004 AROGYADAYI , PATANJALI Mob No- https://www.swadeshisamridhi.c Herbals MEGA STORE , SHOP NO-101& 102,SAYALI 9921382121 om/store.php?page=100 GARDEN NAGRAS ROAD ,AUNDH , City- PUNE, State- MAHARASHTRA Pincode- 411004 3 Himalaya The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bengaluru Phone Number: https://companycontactinformati Cosmetics 562162, Karnataka, India 1800-208-1930 on.com/himalaya...

4 India Modi Tower, 98, Nehru Place, New Delhi 110019, Phone Number: https://companycontactinformati India +91-11-42504555 on.com/revlon Pincode-1400 5 Lakme Lakme Cosmetics, 1st Floor, M Chandulal Estate, Phone Number: https://companycontactinformati Near Abbott Healthcare Ltd, Opp. Ekta Hotel, 1800-102-0348 on.com/lakme Aslali, Ahmedabad 382427, Gujarat, India 6 Biotique BIOTIQUE Corporate Office Address: Bio Veda Phone Number: https://companycontactinformati Action Research Co. Corporate Headquarters D 1800-103-9825 on.com/biotique 105, Phase 2, Noida 201305, India 7 L’Oreal A wing, 8th Floor, Marathon Futurex, N.M. Phone Number is : https://address001.com/Address joshimarg, Lower parel , Mumbai, Maharashtra +91 022 6700 -of-Loreal-India-Pvt-Ltd-034517 400013, India 3000 8 Herbs Trends Village Kishanpura, Tehsil, Baddi, Himachal +91-8046063649 https://www.herbs-trends Pradesh, India 9 Aarogya SANDESH NAGAR KANKHAL - +91-11-42504555 https://www.tofler.in/aarogya- Herbals 249408 - India herbs-india-private...

10 Aash Biotech AdvaitComplex,Near Sandesh Press,Vastrapur, Telephone: 91-79- poulvet.com/directory/profile.php Pvt. Ltd. Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. 40039970 ?addrid=13904

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 43

Company Address 1 City Pincode State Tele No Web Address name D-26, Pushpanjali, Bijwasan Patanjali https://patanjaliayurved.org/ Enclave, New Delhi 110061, Jaipur 396215 Rajasthan -8046049910 Ayurveda contact.html India Pune Pune 411004 AROGYADAYI , PATANJALI MEGA STORE , SHOP NO- Patanjali https://www.swadeshisamrid 101& 102,SAYALI GARDEN Rajkot 360024 Gujarat -8048600243 Herbals hi.com/store.php?page=100 NAGRAS ROAD ,AUNDH , City- PUNE, State- MAHARASHTRA Pincode- 411004 The Himalaya Drug Company, Himalaya https://companycontactinfor Makali, Bengaluru 562162, Gurgaon 122050 Haryana -8048737054 Cosmetics mation.com/himalaya... Karnataka, India Modi Tower, 98, Nehru Place, Revlon https://companycontactinfor New Delhi 110019, India Bhiwadi 301019 Rajasthan 08048078775S India mation.com/revlon Pincode-1400 Lakme Cosmetics, 1st Floor, M Chandulal Estate, Near Abbott Healthcare Ltd, Opp. https://companycontactinfor Lakme Rajkot 360003 Gujarat 8048764578 Ekta Hotel, Aslali, mation.com/lakme Ahmedabad 382427, Gujarat, India BIOTIQUE Corporate Office Address: Bio Veda Action https://companycontactinfor Biotique Research Co. Corporate Haridwar 249404 Uttarakhand mation.com/biotique Headquarters D 105, Phase 2, Noida 201305, India A wing, 8th Floor, Marathon Gautam https://address001.com/Add Uttar L’Oreal Futurex, N.M. joshimarg, Budh 201301 -9218600241 ress-of-Loreal-India-Pvt-Ltd- Pradesh Lower parel , Mumbai, Nagar 034517

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 44

Maharashtra 400013, India Village Kishanpura, Tehsil, Herbs Uttar

Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, Lucknow 226009 -8046063558 https://www.herbs-trends Trends Pradesh India SANDESH NAGAR KANKHAL Aarogya poulvet.com/directory/profile. HARIDWAR - 249408 Faridabad- 121005 Harayana -8048733183 Herbals php?addrid=13904 Uttarakhand - India Aash AdvaitComplex,Near Sandesh https://www.mahdev- Biotech Press,Vastrapur, Ahmedabad, Gurgaon 122050 Harayana -8049621048

entrepreises-delhi.com Pvt. Ltd. Gujarat, India.

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 45

Plant Capacity

Company Product/Raw Capacity Capacity Product Producti Sales Sales Sales Name Material - Unit ion on - Unit quantity quantity Value (Rs. Name - Unit In Million) Patanjali Sugar, Oats, 4121.23 600.0 4400.0 320.0 23400.00 760.0 40.00 Ayurveda Poha, Kesar, Ghee, Gulkand, Rasgulla, Badampak, Patanjali Toothpaste, 1311.00 400.00 2000.00 170.00 3450.47 600.00 10.00 Herbals Honey, Soaps, Shampoo, oil, Amla Juice Himalaya Anti-hair fall 2133.00 300.00 2000.00 100.00 2450.00 130.00 24.00 Cosmetics cream, cooca butter, Lotion cream, face wash Revlon India Hair colour, 5500.00 420.00 5884.0 540.00 1894.00 600.00 75.00 Skin care products, Lakme Nail colour, suns 4505.00 443.00 7837.00 760.00 2894.00 800.00 74.00 cream, , kajal Biotique Bio neem, face 6500.67 541.00 6783.00 765.00 89475.00 900.00 12.2 wash, eye gel, night cream, anti-acne cream

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 46

L’Oreal Luxe, lancome, 345.09 812.65 1890.98 1000.98 12345.54 1100.76 23.67 Armani, Valentino, Viktor&rolf Herbs Trends PanchTulsi, 3211.00 512.00 8397.0 540.00 60000.00 600.00 15.00 Alvera Juice, skin gel Aarogya Herbals Syrups, 136.00 933.00 9849.00 760.00 40000.00 800.00 74.00 capsules, oils, ointments, powders, health juices, , gum- paints, tooth paste Aash Biotech Capsules, 2300.67 235.00 6240.00 455.00 3400.00 900.00 40.2 Pvt. Ltd. tablets, skin clear cream, cosmetic products

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 47

Name of Raw Material(S) Consumed with Quantity & Cost

Raw Raw material Raw Unit of raw Unit value of Raw Company Name material Value (Rs. Material name material qty Material( Rs.) quantity Million)

Patanjali Ayurveda Yellow tubular flowers, 782.7 Tonnes 140.8 1375.0 fruits Leaves 773.6 Tonnes 130.9 1342.0 Latex 166.7 Tonnes 1340.8 3220.0

Patanjali Herbals Yellow tubular flowers, 134.5 Tonnes 245.8 2473.0 fruits Leaves 1340.5 Tonnes 130.7 4613.0 Latex 249.3 Tonnes 242.28 774.0

Yellow tubular flowers, 535.3 Tonnes 12.9 712.0 Himalaya Cosmetics fruits Leaves 20.3 Tonnes 5.2 15.90 Latex , chemicals 10.00 Tonnes 3.2 12.0

Yellow tubular flowers, 130.55 Tonnes 60.77 95.0 Revlon India fruits Leaves 41.00 Tonnes 20.8 46.0 Latex 40.0 Tonnes 60.7 22.0

Yellow tubular flowers, 300.8 Tonnes 30.7 176.0 Lakme fruits Leaves 70.7 Tonnes 78.4 111.5 Latex 24.2 Tonnes 2.3 17.5

Biotique Yellow tubular flowers, 350 Tonnes 46.8 45.0

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 48

fruits Leaves 90.0 Tonnes 1.1 15.0 40.5 Tonnes 1.0 22.0 Yellow tubular flowers, 14.8 Tonnes 19.7 55.0 L’Oreal fruits Leaves 20.5 Tonnes 1.6 12.0 Latex 10.4 Tonnes 1.4 16.90 Yellow tubular flowers, 40.55 Tonnes 60.77 75.0 fruits Herbs Trends Leaves 41.00 Tonnes 0.8 36.0 Latex 10.0 Tonnes 0.7 22.0 Yellow tubular flowers, 70.8 Tonnes 30.7 76.0 Aarogya Herbals fruits Leaves 50.7 Tonnes 75.97 41.5 Latex 76.2 Tonnes 20.3 27.5

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 49

Section – II

This section provides comparative financial performance of companies given in Section – I. This comparison will be helpful to analysis the companies on the basis of their financials viz… Assets, Cash Flow, Cost as% Ge of Sales, Forex Transaction, Growth in Assets & Liabilities, Growth in Income & Expenditure, Income & Expenditure, Liabilities, Liquidity Ratios, Profitability Ratio, Profits, Return Ratios, Structure of Assets & Liabilities (%), Working Capital & Turnover Ratios, etc…..

P.S: Blanks or 0 in the data in above tables is due to non-disclosure of the data by the company.

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 50

Assets

Company Name Gross Capital (net_ed_ ((cash_ba ((inventorie Receivabl Expenses Loans & Trade Total Fixed work-in- assets) nk_bal- s- es in Rs. paid in advance payables in assets in Assets progress fixprevy(c prett(inven Million advance in Rs. Rs. Million Rs. Rs. Rs. ash_bank tories)) in Rs. Million Million Million Million _bal)) Million Patanjali Ayurveda 9990.5 1320.6 4512.3 5000.90 9999.90 7886.3 789.9 895.8 678.7 935.8

Patanjali Herbals 9075.7 2773.6 50.1 4779.871 7897.78 3377.4 7772.4 7886.5 7827.5 737.1

Himalaya Cosmetics 676.5 792.2 71.2 153.7 87.8 91.8 7.3 39.6 156.5 598.5

Revlon India 212.3 18.3 70.8 -18.6 -32.8 694 12.9 41.5 0.7 212.5

Lakme 456.8 64.3 540.3 564.8 101.4 547.7 41.5 29.9 116.2 123.765

Biotique 45.7 54.8 40.1 -1 -7.2 33.4 2.4 6.5 75.5 67.1

L’Oreal 6554.6 337.2 452.5 -11.6 89.1 235.4 105.3 279.6 454.0 78.75

Herbs Trends 21.7 5.96 10.1 -1 -7.2 13.4 12.4 16.5 667.5 117.1 Aarogya Herbals 43.6 137.2 4252.5 -117.6 809.1 4235.4 5.3 579.6 540 23.7

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 51

Total Assets (Rs. Million)

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 52

Cash Flow

Company Name Net cash flow Cash flow Cash flow Net cash Net cash Cash and Cash and Net cash from generated before inflow or inflow or cash cash inflow and operating from extraordinar (outflow ) outflow due to equivalent equivalent (outflow) activities in operations y items in from net increase or as at the as at the from Rs. in Rs. Rs. investment (decrease) in beginning end of the financing activities in cash and cash of the year year in Rs. activities Rs. equivalents in in Rs. in Rs. Rs. Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Patanjali Ayurveda 934.1 445.1 539.1 345.2 244.6 323.1 990.5 333.5

Patanjali Herbals 834.1 345.1 134.43 244.2 240.6 233.1 243.4 325.5

Himalaya Cosmetics 520.6 387 320.6 -12.9 -18.5 28.5 230 -526.2

Revlon India 450.6 387 320.6 -12.9 -18.5 28.5 23.40 34..2

Lakme 349.7 234.9 519.7 -243.2 24.6 487 311.7 551.9

Biotique -144.2 16.3 -64.2 -51.7 -17.6 238.6 381.5 78.3

L’Oreal 237.9 408.3 897.9 -36.4 217.4 13.5 36.9 -244.1

Herbs Trends 837.9 408.3 2897.9 36.4 117.4 13.5 116.9 14.1 Aarogya Herbals 217.9 108.3 197.9 -36.4 17.4 43.5 36.9 42.1

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 53

Cost as% Ge of Sales

Company Name Raw Stores, Raw Power, Compens Advertisin Marketing Distributio Materials, spares, material fuel & ation to g expenses n Expenses tools, stores consumed expenses water employee expenses in Rs. in Rs. and spares in Rs. in Rs. charges in s in Rs. in Rs. Million Million in Rs. Million Million Rs. Million Million Million Million Patanjali Ayurveda 1934.2 880.2 211.2 120.3 5.5 990.1 782.1 1231.5

Patanjali Herbals 183.5 120.3 133.2 234.8 9.4 921.2 812.2 678.3

Himalaya Cosmetics 31.8 34.7 141.1 53.2 1.7 12.3 1.2 3.2

Revlon India 342.7 134.3 242.7 6.1 9.9 23.4 5.5 2.1

Lakme 463.8 177.1 4286.7 80.9 4.5 61.8 3.5 140.5

Biotique 4283.9 12.6 4271.3 58.5 8.2 28.2 181.5 62.4

L’Oreal 11.4 21.2 34.4 6.8 3.3 2.2 42.8 13.9

Herbs Trends 65.1 17.2 65.1 4 2.3 0.3 0.3 39.1 Aarogya Herbals 18.4 72.2 18.24 3.4 6.5 29.2 24.8 10.9

Aash Biotech Pvt. 12.4 22.2 18.4 3.4 4.5 19.2 14.8 50.9 Ltd.

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 54

Chart Title 4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Raw material, stores, spares Compensation to employees

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 55

Growth in Assets & Liabilities

Growth Growth Growth (net Growth (total (use Growth Growth(gross fixed ((current assets_pre borrowings (total Growth _fixedassets_ assets_prev) assets_prev v (use _prev (use liabilities_ (net worth prev (gross current (current borrowings borrowings prev (total prev (net Total Company Name fixed assets) assets) assets)) )) )) liabilities) worth)) assets Patanjali Ayurveda 910.88 9918 1220.45 17.01 35.5 5.01 4.6 445.8 Patanjali Herbals 940.53 41.74 3220.36 25.36 44.5 25.36 10.42 1724.3 Himalaya Cosmetics 121.65 282.09 2.85 28.9 44.81 28.9 18.16 78.5 Revlon India 18.86 3.43 46.44 31.7 3.45 31.7 19.86 42.8 Lakme 12.86 34.4 34.49 18.54 .317 18.54 27.8 101.9 Herbs Trends 2.68 -13.53 14.8 2.91 24.7 2.91 14.46 11.106 Aarogya Herbals 4.15 11.56 44.97 41.74 9.33 41.74 68.86 53.6.3 Aash Biotech Pvt. Ltd. 81.65 22.09 72.85 68.9 34.81 28.9 18.16 12.56.

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 56

Growth in Income & Expenditure

Company Name Growth(sal Growth(raw Growth(stor Growth(compe Growth(selli Growth Growth(pa Total es,prev(sal mat_ es_spares_c nsation_to_em ng_distribut (pbditapr t,pre Assets es)) exp,prev(ra onsumed, ployees,pre ion_exp,pre ev(p v(pat)) wmat_ exp)) prev(stores_ v(compensatio v(selling_dis bdita)) spares_cons n_to_employee tribution_ex u med)) s)) p)) Patanjali Ayurveda 825.1 92.82 91.25 11.88 71.57 91.0 39.31 9887.8

Patanjali Herbals 822.92 32.41 78.27 1.74 12.41 34.45 92.41 14874.3

Himalaya Cosmetics 88.3 11.75 73.33 16.67 21.2 78.69 18.02 961.9

Revlon India 92.09 11.65 12.1 -24.74 9.52 22.85 46.28 2892.5

Lakme 16.96 21.87 23.16 33.5 21.27 12.76 19.17 392.5

Biotique 69.49 35.39 12.2 2.26 11.97 7.21 5.61 923.3

L’Oreal 179.35 38.59 51.2 18.1 9.85 141.16 5.2 198.6

Herbs Trends 10.41 14.55 51.3 6.87 11.49 13.41 30.98 106.76 Aarogya Herbals 71.7 33.83 18.18 21.52 32.8 19.97 32.99 106.3

Aash Biotech Pvt. Ltd. 19.09 27.65 3.2 41.2 3.2 2.85 65.28 892.5

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 57

Income & Expenditure (in Rs. Million)

Company Sales Other Change Raw Prior Power, Salaries, Selling Interest Depreciat Name Rs. Million income in stock materials period fuel & wages, & expense ion (net Rs. Rs. stores and water bonus, distribu Rs. of Million Million & spares extraordn charges ex gratiapf tion Million transfer Rs. ary & expens from Million income gratuities es revaluatn paid reserve Patanjali 4696.9 107.8 22.3 946.2 268.23 45.8 23.65 271.7 23.7 30.2 Ayurveda Patanjali Herbals 98604.7 272.2 119.4 287.9 7.7 72.3 786.2 3201.5 10.3 17.4 Himalaya 777.5 77.21 2.5 42.7 0.7 6.1 92.7 92.2 42.4 17.1 Cosmetics Revlon India 982.9 11.3 22.6 338.9 0.3 22.9 35.7 22.3 14.7 18.5

Lakme 714.8 67.23 72.2 463.8 13.2 80.9 27.5 205.8 102.7 58.9

Biotique 234.31 64.34 0.9 11.1 13.2 4.1 23.4 29.7 2.5 51.2

L’Oreal 369.1 23.5.1 47.6 8.4 14.7 14 27.6 31.7 21.3 30.3

Herbs Trends 168.5 3.6 1.2 10.2 34 0.3 95.3 33.7 12.1 10.4 Aarogya Herbals 134.5 0.7 64.1 50.9 19 2.9 37.2 74.6 84.2 12.21 Aash Biotech 914.8 67 72.2 63.8 3.2 80.9 27.5 25.8 2.7 18.9 Pvt. Ltd.

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 58

Liabilities

Company Name Net worth Reserves Borrowings Secured Unsecured Current Total Trade and bank Bank liabilities Liabilities payables funds borrowing borrowings & s provisions Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Patanjali Ayurveda 1000.34 591.7 62.1 942.7 6.9 75.8 171.9 28.1

Patanjali Herbals 701. 629.7 706.6 589.9 34.1 421.9 114.3 45.40

Himalaya Cosmetics 985.6 73.1 75.4 75.4 9.9 8879.6 11.9 819..7

Revlon India 565.7 24.8 12.9 190.4 9.7 1820.5 22.5 10.7

Lakme 192.3 25.8 43.4 0.5 0.9 53.8 57.5 45.1

Biotique 227.5 120.9 5.3 6.7 1.6 33.4 37.1 87.5

L’Oreal 415.8 13.6 287.1 19.4 6.8 879.7 18.6 695.7

Herbs Trends 664.1 51.2 60.1 19.7 4.8 29.5 106 17.2 Aarogya Herbals 534.9 32.4 17.8 45.8 6.8 19.9 254.8 18.3

Aash Biotech Pvt. Ltd. 717 29.7 76.6 89.9 354.1 5421.9 144.3 45.40

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 59

Liquidity Ratios

Cash to current Quick Current Debt to Interest Interest Total Company Name Liabilities ratio ratio equity ratio cover incidence assets (times) (times) (times) (times) (times) (%) Patanjali Ayurveda 10.09 10.87 9.45 1.39 15.04 2.42 1874.3 Patanjali Herbals 20.64 11.03 9.42 2.23 2.64 3.3 5578.5 Himalaya Cosmetics 10.01 0.39 3.44 1.68 2.47 3.46 892.5 Revlon India 0.09 1.48 3.21 0.8 4.4 5.71 392.5 Lakme 05.01 2.01 1.43 2.74 1.49 9.58 37.1 Biotique 0.02 7.87 5.15 4.69 0.32 5.78 498.6 L’Oreal 02.06 2.87 6.15 7.31 7.2 12.44 406 Herbs Trends 02.88 5.47 3.18 8.6 18.97 2.24 16.3 Aarogya Herbals 40.1 3.55 8.07 3.14 3.79 6.82 10.8 Aash Biotech Pvt. Ltd. 05.01 2.01 4.43 1.74 1.49 1.58 17.1

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 60

Profitability Ratio

Company Name PBDITA as PBT as % PAT as % PBDITA net of PBPT net of Net Operating % of total of total of total P&E as % of P&E&OI as % profit profit margin Income income income total income of total margin of non- net of P&E income net financial of P&E companies Patanjali Ayurveda 100 89.0 90.37 92.23 73.2 63.5 31.3

Patanjali Herbals 28.42 62.24 4.02 8.19 6.2 3.98 68.21

Himalaya Cosmetics 28.25 16.58 12.86 17.44 16.9 11.25 17.65

Revlon India 24.46 5.25 3.84 13.7 7.81 3.83 43.81

Lakme 11.1 17.4 11.6 10.5 17.4 11.6 23.62

Biotique 66.55 20.6 10.6 6.55 20.6 10.6 16.12

L’Oreal 26.04 65.05 20.87 5.5 21.16 30.87 15.53

Herbs Trends 27.57 31.4 12.53 16.32 11.4 18.53 16.53

Aarogya Herbals 8.25 6.58 2.86 17.44 16.9 13.25 7.65

Aash Biotech Pvt. 16.04 2.05 0.87 5.5 21.16 20.87 15.53 Ltd.

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 61

Profits (in Rs. Million) Company Name PBDITA PBT Operating profit PAT net of Change in PBT of non-financial P&E / total net of P&E&OI Companies income net of because of P&E (times) change in financial service income Patanjali Ayurveda 433.5 20.5 83.5 120.01 2.21

Patanjali Herbals 201.6 38.9 63.2 780.04 1.89

Himalaya Cosmetics 112.3 91.6 14.3 230.23 7.79

Revlon India 218.1 13.3 65.4 23.03 1.95

Lakme 34.6 62.7 26.3 34.04 13.84

Biotique 11.1 20.1 12.1 24.01 23.4

L’Oreal 3.2 24.5 15.7 88.01 17.38

Herbs Trends 12.9 35.5 22.2 45.09 5.4 Aarogya Herbals 12.3 11.6 14.3 26.3 5.79

Aash Biotech Pvt. Ltd. 47.24 8.38 2.9 56.13 3.1

[NPCS/4211/23661] Page No. 62

Return Ratios

Company Name Return PAT as % Return on PAT as % Return PAT as PAT as PAT net on net of net capital of capital on total % of % of of P&E as worth worth employed employed assets GFA excl total % of GFA reval assets exclreval excl reval Patanjali Ayurveda 76.9 19.01 24.5 72.59 41.95 3.95 2.01 3.68

Patanjali Herbals 79.22 18.22 24.19 53.19 42.94 55.48 1.94 55.48

Himalaya Cosmetics 66.59 27.13 15.33 51.54 13.13 12.98 7.24 8.44

Revlon India 12.63 12.66 34.62 14.63 14.55 33.3 14.56 43.2

Lakme 14.27 14.4 12.11 52.24 40.17 20.63 20.29 32.34

Biotique 62.99 34.05 1.81 51.81 1.04 2.21 21.04 5.21

L’Oreal 12.04 33.04 43.04 33.04 46.62 6.98 16.62 6.98

Herbs Trends 24.93 5.94 43.31 41.32 2.8 1.07 12.81 1.03

Aarogya Herbals 12.39 13.39 12.39 10.39 4.14 2.52 19.14 2.52

Aash Biotech Pvt. Ltd. 28.04 3.04 45.04 21.04 6.62 6.98 6.62 6.98

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Structure of Assets & Liabilities (%)

Company Name gross_fixe Growth Growth Growth Growth d_assets/ (net_fixed (current_ (net_wort (resv,pre total_asse _assets,pr assets,pr h,prev(net v(resv)) ts*100 ev(net_fix ev(curren _worth)) ed_assets) t_assets)) ) Patanjali Ayurveda 9820.62 3419.74 120.36 1330.42 130.57

Patanjali Herbals 3810.27 2282.09 45.85 158.16 319.59

Himalaya Cosmetics 221.69 249.25 346.62 2551.24 22.67

Revlon India 622.51 342.4 347.69 133.17 138.08

Lakme 255.75 242.53 214.8 314.46 115.25

Biotique 524.77 34.56 524.97 668.86 2.34

L’Oreal 762.51 35.4 44.69 613.17 45.808

Herbs Trends 541.68 132.81 45.99 810.96 34.09 Aarogya Herbals 721.3 113.3 53.4 413.4 45.2

Aash Biotech Pvt. Ltd. 948.98 336.36 161.14 415.45 34.65

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Working Capital & Turnover Ratios

Company Raw WIP Finishe Debtor Gross Creditor Cash to Raw Debtors Credito Name materi cycle d days workin days current material turnover rs al cycle (days) goods (days) g (days) liabilities turnover (times) turnov (days) cycle capital (times) (times) er (days) cycle (times) (days) Patanjali 764.3 534.12 73.3 22 25 17 2.88 24.36 7.4 5.51 Ayurveda Patanjali 139.6 439.89 53.68 44 25 24 3.44 12.62 2.4 2.96 Herbals Himalaya 223.5 31.21 95.4 24 26 23 0.03 21.96 1.4 5.43 Cosmetics Revlon India 160.56 57.68 72.4 42 21 35 23.09 12.3 5.4 51.61 Lakme 401.32 66.45 24.4 47 25 26 234.01 23.6 9.4 3.61 Biotique 56.93 32.95 24.3 12 25 12 5.4 8.8 4.4 6.81 L’Oreal 35.4 35.3 49.32 19 24 32 34.13 26.07 5.4 6.09 Herbs Trends 633.5 19.5 74.4 12 25 27 02.3 11.96 4.1 4.43 Aarogya 53.64 95.4 42.4 11 24 49 08.8 1.4 5.3 6.78 Herbals Aash Biotech 339.51 44.43 6.48 13 25 12 3.6 4.4 0.1 28.57 Pvt. Ltd.

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Method of Cultivation and Raw Materials

Method of Cultivation

METHOD OF ALOEVERA CULTIVATION (GREEN)

It derives its name “Aloevera” from Arabic word Alloeh which means shining bitter substance. The inner part of leaf which contains gel and latex are used for preparing various medicines. It contains Vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, B12, Folic Acid, Niacine. Medicines prepared from Aloe Vera used for burns and sunburn, as well as a variety of skin diseases like eczema, pruritus, psoriasis, acne etc. It is stemless plant with average height of 24cm-39cm having thick and fleshy leaves. The leaves attain the height of 0.5m. The major planting areas of Aloe Vera are India, Australia, USA, and Europe. In India it is found in Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttaranchal states.

CLIMATE Temperature - 25-40°C Rainfall - 35-40cm Sowing Temperature - 30-35°C Harvesting Temperature - 25-35°C

SOIL

The plant can be grown in a variety of soils ranging from sandy coastal soils to loamy soils of plains. It cannot withstand in water logging conditions. It gives best results when grown under well drained loam to coarse sandy loam having pH ranges up to 8.5.

Popular varieties with their yield

There are around 150 species of Aloe belonging to family Liliacae. Out of which Aloe barbedensis, A. chinensis, A. perfoliata, A. vulgaris, A indica, A. littoralis and A. abyssinica are commonly grown varieties and have most therapeutic value.

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AL-1:- Released by Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow.

Land Preparation

Roots of Aloevera did not penetrate below 20-30 cm so depending upon soil type plough the land thoroughly and bring soil to fine tilth. At time of last ploughing add 6 ton per acre of well decomposed cow dung in soil. Forms ridge and furrow for planting of suckers at 45 or 60 cm apart. If necessary irrigate the field. Plant suckers at 40 or 30 cm apart.

Application of Plant Nutrients

Before land preparation, about 8-10 tonnes FYM/ ha is applied. Before the last ploughing, 35 kg N, 70 kg P 20 5, and 70 kg K2 0/ha are added. For controlling termites, 350-400 kg Neem Cake/ha may be applied. In September - October about 35-40 kg N as top dressing may be applied. If the soil is rich in organic matter, N dose can be reduced.

Sowing

Time of sowing Plant suckers in July-August for better growth. Under irrigated conditions, sowing can be done around the year except in winter month.

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Spacing Normally spacing of 45 cm x 40 cm or 60 cm x 30 cm is followed.

Sowing Depth Plant three to four-month old suckers in a pit having depth of 15 cm.

Method of sowing Parts used Aloe Vera is obtained by cutting the leaves at their base and letting yellow, bitter Juice drain out. The water is evaporated off from the juice by heating and that result to light to dark brown mass.

Seed Seed Rate Usually about 22000 suckers are required for one acre land.

Seed Treatment

Use healthy suckers for cultivation. 3-4 months old suckers having 4-5 leaves are used as planting materials.

Fertilizer Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre) UREA SSP MURIATE OF POTASH 44 125 34 Nutrients Requirement (kg/acre)

NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS POTASH 20 20 20

At time of land preparation, apply 60-80 qtl per acre of well decomposed cow dung. Apply basal dose of N:P:K@20:20:20 kg/acre in form of Urea@44 kg, Super Phosphate@125 kg and MOP@34 kg per acre.

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Weed Control

Do weeding and earthing up and keep field weed free. Weeding is to be done at proper intervals. Weeding is mainly done twice in a year.

Irrigation

In summer or dry conditions, apply irrigation with interval of 2 weeks. In rainy season, it does not require any irrigation and in winter season, less irrigation should be given as the plant not take up much water. First irrigation must be done immediately after suckers get planted. Do not overwater the fields as they are harmful for crops. Remember that before watering the crops again let fields dry first. Before irrigation drenching should be done so that extra water will runs out.

Plant Protection

Pest and their control Mealy bug: Caused by Lepidocephalus and Pseudococcus. The leaves start yellowing and withering. Application of Methyl parathion@10 ml or Quinalphos@20 ml in 10 Ltr of water is done on roots and shoots of the plant.

Aphids and mealybugs are the most common sap-sucking insects in Australian gardens. Aphids are soft bodied and pear shaped with a body size from 1mm up to 4mm and can be shades of green, pale yellow or even white. Mealybugs are about 3mm to 7mm long and are covered in whitish ‘mealy wax’

Aphids are amongst the most prominent and successful pests worldwide and in our experience are the greatest risk to aloes in Australia. They seem to the most active after winter cold has passed but sometimes even during mild winter weather. They will aim for the very centre of the aloe plant and often need very close examination to detect them. One of the best indicators of aphid activity is ants on an aloe. Ants and aphids have a symbiotic relationship with ants affording protection to mealy bugs in exchange for honeydew, the sticky substance they secrete. Ants can carry aphids from plant to plant. When they have been left unhindered for a few weeks, the aloe reacts by closing the centre leaves in an effort to protect the damaged tissue. This suits the baddies perfectly because it means more hiding place for them. If left untreated aphids

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can cause severe damage to the new growth (they puncture the plant), sometimes with rot setting in resulting in the loss of a plant Regular inspection for aphids or mealybugs is important.

Systemic garden insecticide sprays are most effective in controlling this pest. Be sure to pull the centre leaves apart where they seem to be stuck together, before applying insecticide.

It is also important to cut off infected and damaged leaves. Alternative treatments which are more environmentally friendly are possible and include: • Spraying with a high pressure of water from a garden hose • Wipe off aphids/mealy bugs with a sponge of soapy water • Spraying with neem oil • Spray with a cocktail of herbal oils

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Gall Mites Another mite is particularly attracted to aloes. This is the gall mite. If you have an infestation of these little buggers, your aloes have a condition called gall cancer. Very often, the first sign of gall mites is a new but crooked flower cluster that emerges from a plant. Upon closer inspection, you may see the first signs of frilly growth on the flower stalk, which develops into unsightly galls on the small flower stalks that form the cluster as it matures.

The same galls may also start as an irregular growth on the bases of older leaves, often where an earlier flower stalk has dried. Tree aloes are often the source of infestation. Huge galls form on old flower stalks and, if left untreated, can spread their inhabitants for many years.

The gall mites travel through the air. Cut away the affected tissue with a sharp blade and treat the cut with a strong solution of aphicide or other systemic insecticide. The whole plant can be sprayed with the manufacturer’s recommended solution of the same insecticide a day or so later. Aloes that touch an infected plant are particularly

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Snout Beetles Next on our list of pests is the snout beetle. This is aloe enemy No. 1, so quick action is required when you find these insects on your plants. The beetle, which can be up to 3/4 inch long, aims at the center of an aloe plant. It wedges itself between the leaves to insert its snout and drink the leaf sap. This leaves a telltale dark spot that dries into a pea-sized dry spot with a puncture mark in the middle.

Once the beetles have mated, eggs are deposited at the base of a leaf. The newly hatched larvae bore straight into the stem, where they spend the remainder of their larvae cycle. The rot and destruction caused by the larvae are what eventually kills the aloe.

Physically removing and killing the beetles or a sprinkle of insecticidal powder should take care of the mature beetles, if they have not been there too long. The number of

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bore holes and their distance from the center of the plant will tell, at a glance, how long the beetles have been active. A large number of bore holes away from the center of the plant almost certainly means there are beetle larvae destroying the plant from inside.

If this is the case, you have few options. If the plant is small, a good trash can is in order. If the plant is large, start cutting the stalk of the plant above the infestation. If more bore holes exist, cut some more. When you do not see any more holes, dip the stalk in rooting hormone, let it dry for a short time and see if it will root. A good systemic insecticide can be used as a preventative precaution.

White Scale White scale looks grey and on close examination rows of white scale can be seen, these sap suckers are white in colour and are about 1mm to 2mm long. It starts with what looks like a coin sized spot of white dust. It will gradually cover more and more of the leaf upper and lower surface. Eventually this deprives the plant of sunlight to the extent that it can deteriorate and die. They are stationary insects that are easy to kill, but they tend to remain where they are, creating the impression that the insecticide has had no effect on them.

An environmentally acceptable treatment is to brush off the living insects with a toothbrush a strong jet of water. A solution of soapy water (some even suggest adding a little methylates spirits to the soapy water) or some suggest cooking oil can then be applied.

Alternatively, a contact insecticide can be applied to kill the white scale (some believe that a preventative spraying with an insecticide may still be necessary even after the above environmentally treatment have been applied).

Spider Mites The mite that finds aloes delectable is the red spider mite. If you have an infestation of these, you will see small, pale markings on the surface of the aloe leaves. Aloes do not like these mites at all. Even flowers may be distorted, as the mites attack the emerging flower stalks. Visible mites like these are easily contained by a sprinkling of insecticide powder in the centers of plants. The mites succumb to most insecticidal spray chemicals, as well.

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Disease and their control

Black Leaf Spot

Black leaf spot may be caused by a variety of fungal or bacterial infections, and is more likely when plants are under stress due to excessive moisture or high temperatures combined with high humidity. Bad drainage, not enough sun and poor soil often make this worse.

A lack of nutrients can affect susceptibility. Spots are more likely to appear on older leaves. Some aloes have a genetic susceptibility, and often a few spots are unavoidable. This is no cause for concern, as it does not affect the plant’s health or flowering (they are a bit like a pimple on a human).

Usually with improving the soil (rich organic soil), allowing more sun and improving drainage, black spot will not appear on the new leaves. If the spots are really unsightly (e.g. covering more than 10% of the leaf surface) spraying with a fungicide (e.g. mancoseb) may be necessary to clean up the new growth but the old leaves will always carry the damage until they are removed.

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Anthracnose: It is a disease that causes many diseases such as dieback, twig cankers, blotches, defoliation and shoot blight. Spraying of 70% Neem oil helps to cure from this disease.

Sooty Mold Our last condition is sooty mold. Sooty mold is a fungal infection that is secondary to an infestation of aphids or mealy bugs. Aphids and mealy bugs are pests that suck moisture out of plants and leave a clear, sticky substance called honeydew behind on the leaves. The honeydew creates a moist atmosphere that eventually develops into sooty mold. Sooty mold does not kill the plants; the insects will do that.

To address sooty mold, wash off the honeydew. This substance can be hard and lessen the amount of light reaching the leaves, reducing photosynthesis.

Root Rot This is largely caused by overwatering but it could also be brought on by insects like aphids. Affected areas should be cut and a fungicide (like mancozeb) applied. If the rot is severe the affected stem should be cut and the rosette treated in the same way as Aloe-Aloe rejuvenation.

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Aloe Rust The next disease on the list is aloe rust. Caused by the fungi Phakopsora pachyfhiza and P. meibomiae, this fungal infection causes black or brown circular spots on the aloe leaves. The fungus invades the outer leaf structure and oxidizes the organic compounds in the leaf structure called phenols. The result is a spot that becomes blackened and hard. This rust also can occur on haworthia and gasteria leaves.

Aloe rust Aloe rust is a fungal infection that invades leaf structure and forms hard, blackened spots. The good news is that this condition does not kill the plant, and new growth will not show signs of the rust. Most aloes lose their leaves as they grow. When they fall off, throw them in the trash.

Many plant species can serve as hosts for these fungi. Some have built up immunity, while the aloes, haworthias and gasterias have not. The spores of the fungi are carried by the wind and can travel a long distance. The conditions that favor infection are extended periods of leaf wetness and a temperature range of 60 to 82 degrees F. Temperatures above 86 degrees prevent development of the disease.

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Spores are produced 10 days after infection and released about three weeks after that. As long as the environment is moist with moderate temperatures, spores will be generated.

There are some ways to prevent aloe rust from occurring. First is to not let water stay on the leaves. Good air circulation can help keep leaves dry. Get rid of any leaves that you have cut off or have fallen off as soon as possible.

Dust plants with sulfur powder every one to two weeks. This will not kill the rust, but will prevent germination of new spores. Spray a solution of one teaspoon of baking soda in one quart of water to help fight the rust. Foliar fungicides may also help. In one article, the author recommended using copper oxychloride

Basal Stem Rot Now that the critters are out of the way, we turn our attention to diseases. The first and most familiar disease is basal stem rot. The result of cold and wet conditions, this condition leads to rotting stems. Aloe tissues affected by basal stem rot turn black or reddish brown.

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It is possible to take a stem cutting above the rotten portion to save pieces of the plant. (As you can see in the picture), this plant is a goner. The rot travels up the stem, so early detection is a must

Harvesting

Aloe vera crop take 18-24 months to fully mature. In year time, it bear yellow color flower. It can be harvested 4 times a year. 3-4 leaves cut from each plant. Carry out picking in morning or in evening. The leaves are regenerated and thus crop can be harvested up to 5 years.

Post-Harvest

Allow freshly harvested plant to wilt and loose moisture in the field before transporting. Wilting is noticed normally within 24 to 72 hours. But the plant should be kept dry and cool to prevent fermentation or mould growth. A concrete floor under shade can be used.

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Cultivation Details of Aloevera

It can be grown in almost all parts of India, even under constant drought conditions. However, the crop grows well in entire tropical and sub-tropical regions with mean annual rainfall of 35-40 cm. Since its water requirement is very low, it is best suited for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions particularly in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.

Soil

It is successfully grown on marginal to sub-marginal soils having low fertility. The plants have a tendency to tolerate high pH with high sodium and potassium salts. However, it is observed that its growth is faster under medium fertile heavier soils such as black cotton soils of central India. Though, well-drained loam to coarse sandy loam soils with moderate fertility and pH up to 8.5 are most suitable for its commercial cultivation.

Land preparation

The soil should not be disturbed too deep as the root system of aloe does not penetrate below 20-30 cm. depending upon the soil type and agroclimatic condition, 1-2 ploughing followed by levelling should be done. The field should be divided into suitable size plots of 10-15 m × 3 m considering the slope and source of irrigation water. Apply farm yard manure at the rate of 10-15 tonne per hectare at the time of final ploughing and mix with the soil.

Planting time

Suckers are planted in the month of July-August during monsoon season for better field survival and subsequent growth of the plants. However, under irrigated conditions, planting can be done throughout the year except in winter months (November-February).

Method of planting

Suckers are planted in about 15 cm deep pits made just at the time of planting at a spacing of 60 × 60 cm in the field. However, for obtaining higher leaf yield and monetary returns planting at 60 × 30 cm row to row and plant to plant spacing is advisable for its

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commercial cultivation. After planting the soil around the suckers are firmly pressed to prevent lodging of the plants. Also, ensure the proper drainage in the field as the crop is sensitive to water logging.

Propagation material

Aloe is transplanted by suckers. About three to four months old suckers having 4-5 leaves and about 20-25 cm in length are used as planting material.

Recommended varieties

Released varieties of aloe are not available in India for commercial cultivation. However, some high aloin containing (20.7-22.8%) genotypes such as IC 111267, IC 111269, IC 111271, IC 111273, IC 111279, IC 111280, IC 112521, IC 112532, IC 112531, IC 112527, IC 112517, INGR 06023, INGR 06024 and INGR 13043 can be used as source of planting material of aloe.

Seed rate

About 37,000-56,000 suckers are required for one-hectare area depending upon planting density.

Crop nutrition

Use of organic manures (farm yard manure, compost, vermicompost, poultry manure, reen manure) is preferred for growing of medicinal plants. Application of 10-15 tonne of farm yard manure per hectare at the time of soil preparation and also in subsequent years is recommended to harvest a good crop. It is also recommended to apply vermicompost 2.5-5.0 tonne per hectare for obtaining higher leaf yield and monetary returns. However, mineral nutrition may also be supplemented through inorganic sources considering the requirement.

Irrigation

Aloe crop can withstand stress conditions very well but to get good crop irrigation at critical stages of growth must be given. First irrigation is required just after planting of suckers followed by 2-3 irrigations depending on the rains till plant get established.

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However, 4-6 irrigations except for monsoon season per year may be enough for good crop growth. After each picking of leaves, light irrigation should be given depending upon the availability of water.

Intercultural operations and weeding The field should be kept free from weeds throughout the growing period of the crop. Two to three hand weeding followed by light hoeing per year promote growth and suckering in aloe. The first weeding cum-hoeing should be completed within a month after planting. However, in subsequent years two weeding-cum-light hoeing in each year found to be sufficient to minimize the weed population in the field. Unproductive and diseased plants and dried flower stakes should be removed regularly from the field.

Intercropping During the first year of planting, more than 40% land remains unutilized which can be used for the cultivation of other crops of the season. Leguminous or less competitive intercrops like cluster bean, groundnut, sesame, isabgol, coriander, cumin etc. can be grown successfully in the interspaces available under the arid and semi-arid condition that can improve the soil health and generate additional income. Second year onwards such crops should not be encouraged otherwise foliage yield and quality of the produce will be adversely affected.

Insect pests and diseases management Not many problems of insect pests and diseases have been observed in this crop from any part of the country. However, mealy bug, anthracnose and leaf spots have been reported from some parts of the country. Sometimes termite problem has also been observed which can be easily managed by giving a light irrigation.

Post-harvest processing The term ‘Aloe’ used in medicine stands for the dried juice, which flows from the transversely cut bases of the leaves. Fully developed mature leaves should be harvested for extraction of aloe juice. For processing of aloe, the juice is allowed to drain out from the cut leaves into vessels and then concentrated by evaporation either spontaneously or frequently by boiling. The juice is colourless or yellow when obtained fresh from the leaves but becomes dark brown due to evaporation and boiling. Besides the dry juice, the gel is also a very important product of aloe. The mucilaginous pulp from the leaf is used in cosmetic industries and also in the treatment of many human diseases. The leaves leftover

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after the removal of their exudates is cut open and mucilage is scraped out with a blunt- edged knife for the isolation of gel. Extracted mucilage is stirred vigorously in a blender to make it homogeneous mixture (solution). This mixture is strained with the help of a muslin cloth and then filtered. Then keep it for overnight and the gel is isolated by centrifugation. It is dried at a high temperature (below 100°C).

Yield and economics An aloe plantation gives commercial yield from the second year to the fifth year of planting. Generally, 3-4 pickings per year can be taken up depending upon the growth of plants. On an average 15-20 tonne per hectare, fresh leaves are obtained from second- year plantation. However, the well managed irrigated crop can give up to 30-35 tonne per hectare fresh leaf yield. A net profit of about `10,000-20,000 can be obtained from a one- hectare crop grown on marginal to sub-marginal lands.

Marketing Marketing of leaves of aloe is not well organized in the Bhutan country. However, in the recent past, a lot of interest has been showed for its cultivation as well as marketing looking to its international demand. Therefore, one should ascertain its demand in the local market or one must establish contact for its sale, before taking up it is commercial cultivation.

Market demand Aloe is among the few medicinal plants having both medicinal and cosmetic uses and thus, has an extensive market across the globe. Like Patanjali Brand in India Bhutan is missing a nationally recognised Brand in the Field of Aloe Vera Products. The Market in Bhutan is Currently Dominated by only Foreign Brands and there is an opportunity to bring a reliable Bhutanese Brand in the Market which can be globally marketed. The Aloe Vera products manufactured can thus be exported to Australia, USA and the entire Europe for increasing Profitability rather than exporting in India which is already dominated by Big Corporates and highly Competitive prices.

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Suppliers of Raw Materials and Manufacturers of Aloe Vera Products

List of raw materials in a glance

1. aloevera suckers 2. decomposed cow dung 3. urea 4. ssp (single super phosphate) 5. mop (muriate of potash) 6. micro nutrients 7. weedicides & pesticides viz. methyl parathion, neem oil etc. 8. laboratory chemicals 9. packaging materials viz. plastic jar, plastic bottles & laminated pouchs etc.

Included in the list are name of only some of the Players in the Manufacture and import /export Market Segment apart from the names of the Major Players as mentioned earlier in the Report.

Included in the list are name of only some of the players in the manufacture and import /export market segment.

Sl.no Company name 1 ANAND VATIKA JAIPUR - 302019, INDIA CONTACT PERSON: TEL NO. 0141 - 2212964 2 MANUFACTURER AND EXPORTER OF ALOE VERA SKIN GEL (TULSI), ALOE VERA SKIN CARE (NATURAL), ALOE VERA JUICE, HAIR CARE PRODUCTS, MOISTURIZING CREAM. LEAF AND NECTAR HERBALS NASHIK - 422005, INDIA 3 CONTACT PERSON: MR. NIRANJAN PATIL

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TEL NO. 0 - 9595642169 ALOE VERA LEAVES, ALOE VERA JUICE, ALOE VERA GEL. ANJANA FARMS 4 SK ORGANICS THANE - 400703, INDIA CONTACT PERSON: MR. SATISH DUVEDI TEL NO. 0 – 9820707716 ALOE VERA LEAVES, , ALOE VERA JUICE, ALOE VERA GEL. 5 PANDEY ALOVERA FARMING SATNA - 485775, INDIA CONTACT PERSON: TEL NO. – 8602344727 ALOVERA LEAF, ALOVERA PLANT, ALOVERA JUICE. 6 CBNU GTEP INDIA OTHER THAN - 0, OTHER CONTACT PERSON: MS. SHERRY AN / JUANNA JEONG TEL NO. - 082-43-261-3340 ALOEVERA SOOTHING SETS 7 R.S. KRISHNA & CO CHENNAI - 609001, INDIA CONTACT PERSON: MR. R.S.K.V. RAGAVAN TEL NO. 44 – 222144 MANUFACTURER AND EXPORTER OF HERBAL MEDICINES, SENNA LEAVES, NEEM LEAVES, AMLA, ALOE VERA. ALOE VERA LEAVE JUICE, ALOE VERA GEL, HERBAL PRODUCTS, HERBAL INSECTICIDES, HERBAL LARVICIDES, HERBAL EXTRACT, NEEM OI 8 ISHANI HERBALS SOLAPUR - 413001, INDIA CONTACT PERSON: MR. SUNITA JAYANT ARADHYE TEL NO. – 9371235138 TEL NO. – 9371235138 9 PARKER ROBINSON PVT. LTD. KOLKATA - 700043, INDIA Contact Person: MR. PARKER ROBINSON Tel No. 33 – 24392504 Manufacturer Of Aloe, Aloe Face Wash

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10 KASAM EXPORTS OTHER THAN MAHARASHTRA - 621330, INDIA CONTACT PERSON: MR. S.SAMPATH TEL NO. – 8939749589 AGRICULTURE PRODUCTS, SPIRULLINA PRODUCTS 11 HERB N HEALTH HUBLI - 582103, INDIA CONTACT PERSON: MR. BALAVANT PATIL TEL NO. 8372 – 320272 ALOE VERA, AMLA, ASHWAGANDHA, TULSI, KALMEGH, TAMARIND PRODUCTS 12 VITROMED HEALTHCARE JAIPUR - 302022, INDIA CONTACT PERSON: MR. PRASHANT SINGH TEL NO. 141 – 2770076 ALOE HEALTH DRINKS WITH AND WITHOUT FIBER, CRYSTAL CLEAR ALOE VERA JUICE, ALOE PERSONAL CARE, 13 SAGAR AROMATICS MUMBAI - 400101, INDIA CONTACT PERSON: MR. PRAVEEN GHOGHARI TEL NO. – 9323210625 MANUFACTURER AND EXPORTING OF QUALITY RANGE OF AYUVEDIC, COSMETIC, PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS LIKE AROMA THERAPY PRODUCTS, MENTHOL, NATURAL ESSENTIAL OILS, ALEOVERA PRODUCTS 14 GAYATRI HERBALS PVT.LTD. CONTACT PERSON : AMALESH KARLE (MANAGING DIRECTOR) ADDRESS : 204, KALIKA TOWER, THANE - 400601, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA CALL US : 08071862882 15 NATURAL HERBAL MR. RITESH AGARWAL RENDARI ROAD, NEAR GAS GODOWN, RENDARI ROAD, SOJAT - 306104, RAJASTHAN, INDIA MOBILE: +(91)- 9929718241, +(91)-9414121241 TELEPHONE: +(91)-(2960)-221241, +(91)- (2960)-222153 FAX: +(91)-(2960)-220121 16 VINAYAK HERBAL RAKESH CHOUDHARY VILLAGE RAJPURA, POST PAREWADI, KUCHAMAN CITY DIST-NAGAUR,

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NAGAUR - 341516, RAJASTHAN, INDIA MOBILE: +91-9772630392, +91- 9413365537 TELEPHONE: +91-1586-201920 17 TRIVENI INTERCHEM PVT. LTD. K. K. SINGH (MANAGING DIRECTOR) MR. PINAKIN DESAI DIRECTOR 134, PACHARATNA CHAR RASTA, G.I.D.C, VAPI - 396195, GUJARAT, INDIA MOBILE: +(91)-9227788115, +(91)-9227788107 TELEPHONE: +(91)-(260)-6618618 18 VRIKTSHA HERBS DINESH KUMAR ETHIRAJ SWAMY SALAI, ERUKKANCHERI, ETHIRAJ SALAI, CHENNAI - 600118, TAMIL NADU, INDIA MOBILE: +91-9840473927, +91-9840368650 19 GOYAL SEEDS SUPPLIERS KRISHAN KUMAR(OWNER) NEAR PURANA THANA CHOWK, TOSHAM, BHIWANI - 127040, HARYANA, INDIA PHONE: 9416058469

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Personnel (Manpower) Requirement

Requirement of Staff & Labour (Skilled and Unskilled) Managerial, Technical, Office Staff and Marketing Personnel

The labour requirement is based on the assumption for a unit to be setup on 5 acres of land inclusive of cultivation and factory.

Manufacturing Process Manpower 1 Supervisors 2 Skilled Labour/Machine 2 operator 9 3 Unskilled Labour 11 4 Chemist 2 Administration & Selling Manpower 1 Manager-cum-Technologist 1 2 Accountant 1 3 Administrative Staff 5 4 Marketing Executive 1 5 Security Guard 4

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Plant & Machinery

List of Plant & Machinery

Soak Tank

This is the first station for the Aloe as it arrives to the Processing Plant. Most companies use a large pool filled with potable water. This could also be untreated well water. The purpose for this initial tank is to soften and partially release foreign particles and dirt from the surface of the leaves. There are several options on how to operate this first station:

a. Just immersion: Here the Aloe leaves are just dumped into the water with no further action; they could then be manually removed out of the vat or mechanically by means of a conveyor.

b. Forced agitation: This is a variation in which the tank has high pressure water jets that create a whirlpool in the soaking tank. The advantage of using this system is that dirt and other foreign material is removed in a more efficient way.

c. Manual brushing: Here leaves are handpicked and brushed as they are pulled out of the soaking tank, then they are placed into a conveyor. The advantage of this type of treatment is that it is very gentle on the leaves, and

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removal of dirt and foreign material is optimal. Also, this can work as an inspection/rejection point. The downside is the higher labor cost.

CONVEYOR

After leaves are soaked and pre-cleaned they are moved by a conveying system. This can consist of a conveyor belt, stainless steel mesh or polypropylene conveying system. Some companies also use a fluid conveying system, in which the leaves are placed in a canal with water that is being pumped so that the flow moves the leaves along.

Brush Washer

Just before the leaves receive the final wash and rinse, they are mechanically brushed. The brushers have plastic brushes that pick the leaves up from the conveyor and press them against two or more brushes giving a cleaning action on every side of the leaves. The purpose for this step is to remove dirt and other foreign material from the surface of the leaves. Depending on the capacity of the plant one or several simultaneous lines of brushes can be installed. Usually the material of choice for these brushes is soft plastic, which vigorously removes

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unwanted material from the surface of leaves while being gentle enough to prevent injury to the leaf.

Rinse Tank

This is where the final wash of the leaves occurring. The function of this wash is to do the final cleaning to the leaf before entering the manufacturing facility. Options for this step include the use of sanitizing agents such as Chlorine, Quaternary ammonium salts and others. The tank can be made of stainless steel, fiber glass or concrete.

This process can also be a two-stage final rinse, first in a sanitizing solution and secondly a final rinse with water to remove the sanitizing agent.

Inspection Table

Leaves must have an acceptance specification. At this point, the leaves get inspected one by one as they enter the process. Leaves that do not meet specs are rejected here. Layout for this station is usually a conveyor that feeds leaves coming from the rinse tank into the table. It has a conveyor to carry waste out and either a series of tables or conveyors to carry the leaves to the next processing step.

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It is important at this step to reject any leaves with evident injuries, cuts, or lesions in order to avoid contamination of the product downstream. Tips, tails, and spines are usually cut off the leaves by hand at this stage, so again the layout is such that would accommodate enough people to perform these duties. Typically, 6 to 8 people can process 1000 Kg of leaves through this step.

Fillet Machine

After leaving the inspection table, the aloe leaves go to the fillet machine. The fillet machine is a device used to separate the rind from the inner gel of the leaf. The name comes from the resemblance of the inner gel to a fish fillet. An alternative to the use of this machine is to hand-fillet the leaf. The advantage of using a machine is the lower cost of operation in terms of labor, but a disadvantage is that the yield may go down as compared to hand filleting.

Waste All the insoluble rind and fibers goes to waste once the process has finished. This is organic waste, however and can be composted and recycled in the farm.

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Grinder

Whether the aloe leaves are coming off of the conveyor (whole leaf process), or the fillets are coming out of the fillet machine (aloe fillet process), the grinder is where they are both headed. There are specific grinder designs for the mincing of whole leafs of aloe. This machine grinds by impact, then sieves thru a screen with a whole size about 5mm in diameter. The most used type of grinder used in the aloe industry is a hammer mill, with non-swiveling hammers. This type of grinder is the preferred type when processing whole leaf aloe. The intention of this process is to extract the liquid contained in the aloe leaf. Typically the tips and tails are removed before this step. The particle size is controlled by the size of a mesh placed at the bottom of the grinder.

Heat Exchanger

Shell and tube heat exchangers consist of a bundle of parallel sanitary tubes with the ends expanded in tube sheets. The bundle is contained in a cylindrical shell. Connections are such that the tubes can contain either the product or the media, depending upon the application. The major limitation is that they cannot be used to regenerate, but they can transfer lots of heat due to the surface area.

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Enzymes

Recently extracted Aloe is a very viscous liquid so very commonly subject to an enzymatic treatment aimed at reducing the viscosity. Most commonly used enzyme is Cellulose, which is commercially available from a variety of sources. Enzymatic reaction usually takes two to four hours at room temperature. The enzyme, usually in liquid form is added to the vat, mixed and let to react. Typical ratio of use is 20 grams of enzyme for 100 grams of aloe solids in the gel.

Agitated Jacketed Tanks

A jacketed tank is a tank with an outer jacket designed to contain heating or cooling media. Product is heated or cooled while being mixed blended or agitated. A dimple jacketed tank utilizes a simple heat transfer element. First, the heating element is created by pressing a dimpled profile into a flat sheet of stainless steel. This dimpled sheet, referred to as an embossing, is then spot welded to the non- contact side of a stainless steel tank to create a flow passage for the heating or cooling media. The end result is a fully welded heat transfer element that is extremely thin (approximately?" overall thickness). The coils can remain exposed, or they can be covered with an insulation material and then covered with a sheet of stainless steel. Jacketed tanks are not thermally efficient and they cannot be used in a continuous operation.

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Pulper / Finisher

The Pulpier/Finisher is used to remove the insoluble fiber resulting from crushing either the whole leaf or the inner gel fillet. This device usually has a rotating part that is either an endless screw or paddles that push the mixture against a screen. The liquid goes thru the screen and the insoluble fiber is pushed to the end of the machine. The screen can have several different pore sizes, typically ranging from 800 to 500 microns. This machine serves its purpose as a coarse filter very efficiently and quickly.

Charcoal

Aloe Vera contains a series of chemical compounds from the family of phenols, particularly anthraquinones. The most common of them is Aloin. These compounds have a potent laxative effect when ingested, so the allowed amounts in finished products are small. The origin of these compounds is the rind of the leaf, being completely absent in the inner fillet gel. Even though inner fillet gel is being produced, contamination with anthaquinones coming from the rind is virtually impossible, and in the case of whole leaf aloe, the amount of antraquinones is very high. The amount of these compounds needs to be controlled and one very effective way by using activated charcoal. This can be accomplished by adding activated charcoal to a tank and then removing the charcoal by filtration or by pumping the liquid through a column that contains the activated charcoal.

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Filter

This step in the process may consist of a single filter or a series of them. The purpose of this step is either to remove the charcoal added in the previous step or to remove unwanted insoluble fiber. Filtering aids can be used here to facilitate filtration. Most typical types of filters used here are filter presses; however other types of filters have been used as well.

Pasteurization

This is a thermal treatment aimed at reducing the bioburden of the product. Typically, Aloe contains a natural flora of microorganisms. These once the leaf has been crushed start to reproduce rapidly, so at a later stage of the process the population needs to be reduced to assure stability of the final product. Reduction of microbial population can be achieved using a thermal treatment such as pasteurization. Typical reduction of population is 4 orders of magnitude. There are mainly three types of pasteurization done today:

Low Temperature Long Time (Ltlt) The acronym stands for Low Temperature Long Time. In this configuration the whole batch is placed in a tank where is heated typically to 140 F (60C) for 30 minutes.

High Temperature Short Time (Htst) This configuration is a continuous process in which the product is heated very quickly (30-60 seconds) in a heat exchanger to temperatures of 170F (77C) and the temperature is held for a brief period of time, 1 to 2 minutes. Then the product is chilled back to room temperature or a little above. HTST systems use a heat

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recovery system called regeneration in which the hot product is used to exchange heat with the incoming product. This way it self-cools and transfers that energy to the incoming product. If necessary or if the desired final temperature of the product is lower than room temperature, and additional section of the heat exchanger is added and water from Either a cooling tower or a process chiller is used to further cool the product.

ULTRA-HIGH TEMPERATURE (UHT) This configuration is also a continuous process that works in a very similar fashion as the HTST, but the fluid here is heated to an even higher temperature, 230F (110C) but heat transfer is done very fast, 2 to 5 seconds, and the peak temperature is only held for a fraction of a second.

Evaporator In order to increase stability and also to improve efficiency in storage and transportation, it is desirable to concentrate Aloe. Final products that are currently marketed in the liquid form range from 5 times concentrated (5X) to 40X. However since Aloe is sensitive to heat, the concentration must be carried out at the lowest possible temperature. There are numerous designs of evaporators that work under high vacuum to facilitate water evaporation at low temperature. It is also important here to maximize heat transfer efficiency to lower the operational cost of the unit, therefore several evaporation chambers are placed in series and the hot evaporated gases from the first go to heat thesecond and so forth. This is called a multiple effect evaporator. The more the effects, the more efficient the operation. Typical operating temperature is about 140F (60C).

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Spray Dryer

The Aloe concentrate most marketed today is the powder form. This product is known as 200X powder from aloe inner gel fillets or 100X powder from whole leaf aloe. Final evaporation must also be performed at low temperature to preserve the natural components of Aloe. This is especially important once the aloe solids become more concentrated since they are more suitable to chemically react between each other.

Spray dryers work by converting the Aloe concentrate into a very fine mist of droplets. The droplets form in a conical shaped chamber when the concentrate encounters flow of warm dry air. This then causes the drops to become so small that it increases the surface to volume ratio of the drop facilitating evaporation. The droplets are suspended inside the chamber until they become denser due to the evaporation. They then fall to the bottom of the chamber in a powder form and collected.

Two types of devices are currently used to make the fine mist of droplets. One is a very high pressure valve in which the liquid is force by pressure (2000psi) to go through a very small orifice which causes the liquid to spray out in a very fine mist. The other consists of a rotating disk on which a stream of liquid is dropped. The centrifugal force of the spinning disk then jets out the liquid, converting it into a fine mist. Rotation of the disk must be very fast, 10,000 rpm typically. Most disks use an air driven turbine to do this.

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Boiler The boiler provides steam as a source of energy for process heating. It is used for the pasteurization and evaporation operations, as well as a source of heat to produce hot water for formulation and for cleaning. Boilers are usually sized by their steam producing capacity, and by the pressure at which the steam is delivered. The higher the pressure, the higher energy delivered per pound of steam.

Cooling tower process chillers

Positive Pump Positive displacement pumps are used to transport fluids from one place to another in the processing facility. These pumps are required for filtering, since the pressures at which they operate are higher.

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Diaphragm Pump

Diaphragm pumps are used to move fluids with high solids content. Usually they are compressed air actuated. They are very useful in hazardous environments.

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Sources of Plant and Machinery

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY

Dhopeshwar Engineering Private Limited Mr. Shirish Dhopeshwar (Chief Executive Officer) Plot A 16, Co - Operative Industrial Estate, Balanagar Hyderabad - 500037, Telangana, India Mobile: +(91)-9391058963, +(91)-9652158908 Telephone: +(91)-(40)-23771579 Fax: +(91)-(40)-23772450 Email: [email protected]

Best Engineering Technologies M. Sesha Sai (Partner) Plot No. 69-A, No. 5-9-285/13, Rajiv Gandhi Nagar, Industrial Estate, Kukatpally, Hyderabad - 500072, Telangana, India Phone: 040 6590 8498, 08043046080

Goma Engineering Pvt. Ltd. L.B.S. Marg, Majiwada, Thane (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra- 400 601 Phone: +91-22-41614161, +91-22-21731801/02 Fax: +91-22-41614162, +91-22-21731803 Email: [email protected] [email protected]

Swaraj Herbal Plants Private Limited Saurabh Singh (Ceo) Naka Satrikh, Faizabad Road Barabanki - 225001, Uttar Pradesh, India Phone: 08071815213

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Jacketed Tank

Excel Plants & Equipment Pvt Ltd Gat No. 611, Mouje Kuruli, Chakan M. I. D. C., Tal- Khed, Pune (India) - 410501 Mobile : +(91)-9145524545/9822094773/9145524901 Phone :+(91)-(2135)-679703/679717 Fax : +(91)-(2135)-679706

Richard Engineering Bom Private Limited 1st Floor, Brij Cmplex, K. B. Road, Railway Flyover Junction, Ambarnath (W) Thane Maharashtra-421 501 (India) Call Us : +(91)-8447558651 Phone : +(91)-(251)-2683481/6552418/2609267 Mobile No. :+(91)-9323564928

Positive Metering Pumps I Private Limited Plot No. M- 8, M. I. D. C., Ambad Nashik - 422010, Maharashtra, India Mobile: +(91)-9552590845 Telephone: +(91)-(253)-6613218

Advanced Technocracy Inc. Atico House, 5309, Grain Market, Near B. D. Senior Secondary School Ambala - 133001, Haryana, India Mobile: +(91)-9996186555, +(91)-9896793832, +(91)-9034949132

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Filter Press

Delite Ceramic Machinery Nitin D. Panchal (Proprietor) Plot No. 228, Road No. 2, Gidc, Kathwada, Odhav, Ahmedabad - 382430, Gujarat, India Mobile: +(91)-9825529909, +(91)-9879588921 Telephone: +(91)-(79)-40081441 Fax: +(91)-(79)-40081441

Amar Plastics Pragnesh Shah (Managing Partner) No. 3220 - 21, Phase 3, Gidc, Chattral, Distt- Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad - 382729, Gujarat, India Mobile: +(91)-9825148477, +(91)-9825048514 Telephone: +(91)-(79)-25600382, +(91)-(2764)-233314

Charul Polymer Products Samir Patel / Mr. Jitendra Patel (Proprietor) Plot No. 3235/3236, Gidc, Phase- 3, Ta, Kalol, Chhatral, Gandhinagar Ahmedabad - 382729, Gujarat, India Mobile: +(91)-9737474202, +(91)-9824285150 Telephone: +(91)-(2764)-234014

Shree Sai Associates K.L.M. Jain Plot No. 8, Indira Industrial Complex, Behind Lr Foods, Near Srs Residency, Sector 87, Tigaon Road Faridabad - 121002, Haryana, India Mobile: +(91)-9266921128, +(91)-9266801128 Telephone: +(91)-(129)-2714174

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Homogenizer

Ylem Energy New Delhi, New Delhi Address: No. 25/34, Anand Chamber, East Patel Nagar , New Delhi - 110 008 Phone: +(91)-11-28764948 Preferred Number: 08376807184 Website: Http://Www.Ylemindia.Com/

Karishma Pharma Machines, Mumbai Address: No. 401, B Wing, 4th Floor, Bhavya Supreme Annex, Gd Ambekar Marg, Parel Village, Mumbai - 400012, Maharashtra, India Phone: +(91)-22-24181490 Preferred Number: 08447497695 Website: Http://Www.Karishmapharmamachines.Com/

Remi Elektrotechnik Limited Address: Building B, Survey No. 65/1, Village-Valiv, Vasai East. , Thane - 401208, Maharashtra, India Phone: +(91)-22-40589888 Preferred Number: 08373903565 Website: Http://Www.Labsequipment.Com/

Adhi Sakthi Projects, Pondicherry Address: No. 40/9, Earikkarai Road, Near Wipro Computers, Kothapurinatham, Thiruvandarkoil., Pondicherry - 605102, Pondicherry, India Phone: +(91)-413-2641049 Website: http://www.adhisakthiprojects.com/

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ROTARY VACUUM DRYERS

Able Manufacturers Syed Nisar Ahamed (Proprietor) No. 12-2-799/2, G - 2, Jandar Nagar, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad - 500028, Telangana, India Mobile: +(91)-9849271975, +(91)-8885050700 Telephone: +(91)-(40)-23511900, +(91)-(40)-23511700 Fax: +(91)-(40)-23510373

Premur Impex Limited B. Chakraboty(Managing Director) No. 10, Burnt Salt Gola Lane, Howrah - 711101, West Bengal, India Mobile: +91-8584074698, +91-9432164350 Telephone: +91-33-26660850 Fax: +(91)-(33)-26660850

Alankar Steam Driers Constantine Picardo (Proprietor) Angelo Picardo Pandeshwar Village Sastan Post, Taluk, Udupi - 576226, Karnataka, India Mobile +91-9740677254, +91-9845313856 Telephone: +91-824-2211724, +91-824-3258171

Arrowhead Seperation Engg. Pvt. Ltd. Jyoti Vijay Mundle (Director) W164- E, Midc Pawane, Ttc Industrial Area, Thane Belapur Road Navi Mumbai, India - 400703 Mobile: +(91) - 9820402176, +(91) - 9820808592 Phone: +(91) - (22) - 27613209, +(91) - (22) - 27685252

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Rotary Evaporator

Star Scientific Glass Co. Pratham Kaushik E 22, Sardar Estate, Ajwa Road, Vadodara - 390019, Gujarat, India Mobile: +(91)-9428402583, (91)-9825027834 Telephone: +(91)-(265)-2563472, +(91)-(265)-2563474 Fax: +(91)-(265)-2514417

Buchi India Pvt. Ltd. Ashwini Ghugare 201, Magnum Opus Shantinagar Industrial Estate, Vakola, Santacruz East, Mumbai - 400055, Maharashtra, India Mobile: +91-9757341641 Telephone: +91-22-66775400 Fax: +(91)-(22)-66718986

Ankita Technologies (India) Private Ltd. Plot No. P. A. P. R. 24, Rabale M. I. D. C. T. T. C. Industrial Area, Navi Mumbai - 400701, Maharashtra, India Mobile: +(91)-9820327263 Telephone: +(91)-(22)-27601515, +(91)-(22)-27691515

Super Scientific Works Private Limited E - 70/71, Sardar Industrial Estate, Ajwa Road, Sardar Estate, Vadodara - 390019, Gujarat, India Mobile: +(91)-9879204801,+(91)-8980777877 Telephone: +(91)-(265)-2512088, +(91)-(265)-2511271 Fax: +(91)-(265)-2571550

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Heat Exchanger

Mark Engineers I-312/2, H Road, G.I.D.C. Estate, Phase Ii, Vatva, Ahmedabad - 382445, Gujarat, India Mobile: +(91)-9825012504, +(91)-9825030474 Telephone: +(91)-(79)-40083134, +(91)-(79)-25836558 Fax: +(91)-(79)-25830563, +(91)-(79)-25836558

Drycool Systems India Private Limited C-34, Sector No. 63 Noida - 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India Mobile: +(91)-9811127340, +(91)-9811657548 Fax: +(91)-(120)-4246651

Kerone B-10, Marudhar Industrial Estate, H.P. Gas Godown Lane, Panchal Road, Near Old Syndicate Bank, Patha Goddev Road, Bhayandar East Mumbai (India) - 401105 Mobile : +(91) - 8422009241, +(91) - 9821350214 Phone : +(91) - (22) - 28195820, +(91) - (22) - 28150612 +(91)-8447499068

Sonitech India Private Limited F-6, Back Entry, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase- 1, Landmark Opposite F- 3/6, Bahai, Publishing Trust New Delhi - 110020, Delhi, India Mobile: +(91)-9910036945, +(91)-9350225145 Fax: +(91)-(11)-26814753

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Room Dehumidifier

Origin Dehumidifiers Reshma (Manager) No. 906, Dalamal Tower, No. 211, Nariman Point, Mumbai - 400021, Maharashtra, India Mobile: +(91)-9930367734 Telephone: +(91)-(22)-49267267, +(91)-(22)-49267200 Fax: +(91)-(22)-49267209

Jet India Ram Choudhary No. 213, Allied Industrial Estate, Ram Punjwani Marg, Off M. M. C. Road, Mahim West, Mumbai - 400016, Maharashtra, India Mobile: +(91)-9820193520, +(91)-9820153520 Telephone: +(91)-(22)-43432323, +(91)-(22)-43432305 Fax: +(91)-(22)-43432333

Max Industries Ruma Saha/ Saurav Rathi Rajarghat, North Tangra, Tangra North, Kolkata - 700105, West Bengal, India Mobile: +91-9007007883 Telephone: +91-33-23297000

Sujay Inc. Gaurang Shah No. 32, Kirtidham Complex Near Dinesh Hall, Income Tax, Ahmedabad - 380009, Gujarat, India Mobile: +91-9824098783 Telephone: +91-79-26586570

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Blender

Premier Engineering Works Plot No. 7/23, Gali No. 7, Anand Parbat Industrial Area, New Rohtak Road, Delhi- 110005, India Mobile: +(91)-9810053424, +(91)-9811404393 Telephone: +(91)-(11)-28761730

Sandeep Pharma Machinery Unit No. 7, Abhilasha Industrial Estate No. 9, Opposite Golden Tulip Hotel, Near N. H. No. 8, Waliv Vasai East, Thane - 401208, Maharashtra, India Mobile: +(91)-9867897583, +(91)-9892310358 Telephone: +(91)-(250)-6906777

K. S. Enterprises Plot No. 51, Sanjay Colony, Sector- 22 Faridabad - 121005, Haryana, India Mobile: +(91)-9811331620, +(91)-9310667215 Telephone: +(91)-(129)-4120621, +(91)-(129)-2231620

Hexamide Agrotech Inc. Plot No. 11, Aditya Industrial Estate, At Post Kumbiwali, Khalapur, Navi Mumbai - 410210, Maharashtra, India Mobile: +(91)-9920407727, +(91)-9920407709 Telephone: +(91)-(22)-64575777, +(91)-(2192)-282551

Nishi Techno Sys Gala No. 2, Patil Industrial Compound, Upvan Industrial Area, Pokharan No. 1, Thane - 400606, Maharashtra, India Mobile: +(91)-9223525016, +(91)-9821328438 Telephone: +(91)-(22)-25891412

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Automatic Tube Filling Machine

Excelsior Engineers Private Limited 131, Parvesh Marg, Railway Road, Near Rajiv Gandhi Chowk, Faridabad - 121002, Haryana, India Mobile: +(91)-9811157437, +(91)-9312435867 Telephone: +(91)-(129)-2265199, +(91)-(129)-4161719 Fax: +(91)-(129)-2220919

Madan Lal Yadav & Sons 12th Cross Road, Opposite Government Senior Secondary School, Hn/3214, Kacha Bazar, Ambala Cantt Ambala - 133001, Haryana, India Mobile: +(91)-9416023378, +(91)-9466030384 Telephone: +(91)-(171)-4001384 Fax: +(91)-(171)-4001384

Dominion Technologies & Consultants 155c, Kankulia Road Kolkata - 700029, West Bengal, India Mobile: +(91)-9748369654, +(91)-9339607561 Telephone: +(91)-(33)-24612255 Fax: +(91)-(33)-28410674

Micro Engineering Works No. 71/28, Tarwala Hata, Teliyana Road, Ghantaghar, Old Bus Stand Kanpur - 208001, Uttar Pradesh, India Mobile: +(91)-9451685507, +(91)-9415052714

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Bottle Filling Machines

A. R. Enterprises (Alif Oven) No. 213, B- Wing, 2nd Floor, Kanara Business Center Laxmi Nagar, Ghatkopar East, Mumbai - 400075, Maharashtra, India Phone: 08376808397 Website: Www.Indianbiscuitplant.Com

Advanced Technocracy Inc. Atico House, No. 5309, Grain Market, Near B. D. Senior Secondary School , Ambala - 133001, Haryana, India Phone: 08373903563 Website: Www.Electronicsinstrumentsmanufacturer.Com

Authentic Designers E - 138, Sector - 63 , Noida - 201 301, Uttar Pradesh, India Phone: 08447528376 Website: Www.Authentic-Designers.Com

The Bombay Engineering Works Unit Nos. 12, Navyug Industrial Estate,. Tokersey Jivraj Road, Sewree West, Mumbai - 400015, Maharashtra, India Phone: 08447572988 Website: Www.Pharma-Machinery.Co.In

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Cooling Tower

Towertech Cooling System Private Limited Jignesh Shah(Director) Plot No. C1b-305/1, Kerala G.I.D.C. Bavla-Bagodara Highway, National Highway 8a, Ahmedabad - 382240, Gujarat, India Mobile: +91-9925247842, +91-9712150985 Telephone: +91-79-40397842

Precision Cooling System Arunachalam (Chief Executive) No. 2 - B, Boopathy Nagar Industrial Estate, Keelkattalai Behind Mahatha Petroleums, Opp. Guru Thermopack, Chennai - 600117, Tamil Nadu, India Mobile: +91-9444254152, +91-9840037621 Telephone: +91-44-22471430, +91-44-22474152

Baffles Cooling Systems M. Venkatesh(Technical & Bdm) 12/159, Kuttathottam, Udaya Gounder Medu, Opposite Lakshmi Nagar, Eachanari Madukkarai Market, Madukkarai P, Kochi Bypass, Tollgate, Coimbatore - 641105, Tamil Nadu, India Mobile: +91-9787373621, +91-9677894321

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Pulverizer

Chamunda Equipment No. 856 / 9 / D, G. I. D. C. Industrial Estate, Makarpura, Vadodara, Gujarat - 390 010, India Phone: +(91)-(265)-6641002 Mobile: +(91)-9879472539

Fuel Save Systems and Devices Plot No. 65, Crossing Road, No. 3 And 6, Saroorpur Industrial Area, Near Shona Road, Faridabad, Haryana - 121 004, India Phone: +(91)-(129)-2230398 Fax: +(91)-(129)-4047998 Mobile: +(91)-9310538999 / 9873655773 Website: Www.Industrialfurnacemanufacturer.Com/

Bharath Industrial Works No. 56, Srirengapalayam, Near Railway Gate, Rajapalaiyam, Tamil Nadu - 626 117, India Phone: +(91)-(4563)-235765 Fax: +(91)-(4563)-235415 Mobile: +(91)-9843058084 / 9043366166 Website: Www.Bharathindustrialworks.Co.In/

Krishna Engineering Enterprises No. 312/3, Shree Vishal Complex, Goraswadi, Narsingh Lane, S. V. Road, Malad West, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 064, India Phone: +(91)-(22)-29270995 Mobile: +(91)-9820229735 Website: Www.Krishnaengineering-India.Com/Alloy-Cutter.Html

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Boilers

Kgn Industries Plot No. 39 & 40, Survey No. 303, Ramreddy Nagar, Ida, Jeedimetla, Eid Gah Ground, Hyderabad - 500055, Telangana, India Mobile: +(91) - 9989999278, +(91) - 8121431474 Phone: +(91) - (40) – 65247187

Zenith Equisys Pvt. Ltd. Saurabh Ramesh Padwal Shop No. 132-138, Mayur Trade Centre, Chinchwad Station, Chinchwad - 411018, Maharashtra, India Mobile: +91-9028551654, +91-9890790925

Real Boilers Pvt. Ltd. No. 906, Span Trade Center, Opposite Kochrab Ashram, Near Paldi Cross Road, Paldi, Ahmedabad - 380006, Gujarat, India Mobile: +91-9825318255, +91-9825473622 Telephone: +91-79-26577222 Fax: +91-79-26577222

Aim Engineering Mr. Satendra Singh A - 37, Adarsh Estate - 2, Opposite Guru Dwara, Odhav, Ahmedabad - 382415, Gujarat, India Mobile: +(91)-9904512503, +(91)-9723670176 Telephone: +(91)-(79)-22890689

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Generator Set

Shachi Engineering Private Limited Gat No. 271, A/Po Bhare, Tal. Pirangut, District, Pune - 411 001, Maharashtra, India Phone: +(91)-(20)-66546900 Website: Www.Shachiindia.Com/

Ganpati Electricals (P) Ltd U- 110, 1st Floor, Surya Arcade, Main Vikas Marg, Shakarpur, New Delhi - 110092, Delhi, India Phone: +(91)-(11)-22466869 / 65385144 Website: Www.Ganpatielectricals.Com/Diesel-Generator-Sets.Html

Ra Powergen Engineers Private Limited 53, 3rd Floor, Shree Chambers, Subbaram Chetty Road, Netkalappa Circle, Bengaluru - 560 004, Karnataka, India Phone: +(91)-(80)-26622769 / 26622848 / 26622849 /26622850 Fax: +(91)-(80)-26622766

Brilltech Engineers Private Limited D-113, Sector 10, Noida - 201 301, Uttar Pradesh, India Phone: +(91)-(120)-4227251 / 4572252 Fax: +(91)-(120)-4572002 Website: Www.Brilltechglobal.Com/Generator-Set.Html

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Manufacturing Process and Formulation

Detailed process of manufacture with formulation

This method relates to processes for preparation of extracts of aloe vera juice. More particularly it relates to a process for removing gel from the aloe vera leaf and preparing therefrom an extract having the essential composition of fresh aloe vera juice but which is biologically sterile and attenuated to prevent oxidation and degradation.

The juice or gel from the aloe vera leaf, in its fresh state, has long been used for topical treatment for burns, insect bites and skin conditions of various types. Recently the fresh gel has been found to be an effective treatment for ulcers, various types of arthritis, myopathies and the like, and may be used for topical treatment as well as internally. Because of its medicinal value aloe vera extract has been widely used as a base for cosmetic products.

Unfortunately, the aloe vera gel, when exposed to air, oxidizes rapidly, decomposing and losing much of its medicinal value. Furthermore, for internal use, the juice must be biologicaly sterile. Previous sterilization processes have accentuated the oxidation and decomposition problems, thereby severely inhibiting the medicinal value of the prepared extract.

Since the Aloe Vera plant can only be grown commercially in tropical or sub-tropical climates means must be provided for transportation and distribution in the more populated regions of the world. Furthermore, the gel must be extracted from the leaf for use and must be sterilized and stabilized before it can be commercially distributed in a form which has a long shelf life. Previous attempts at preparation of an extract generally involved crushing the leaves to extract the gel from the leaf. However, the Aloe Vera contains a layer of aloins between the rind and the gel which is a bitter cathartic. Crushing the leaves causes contamination of the gel with aloins, rendering the extract unsatisfactory for internal consumption and discolouring the extract.

In accordance with the present method an extract of aloe vera juice is prepared by first sterilizing the entire leaf. The rind and aloin layer are then physically separated from the gel by dissecting the leaf to remove the rind and a layer to a depth of approximately one- eighth inch. The remaining gel is then processed under sterile conditions and digested

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under U.V. radiation at ambient temperature. Ascorbic acid is added during the digesting process to compensate for the loss thereof through oxidation upon exposure to air and a source of potassium ions included in the digestion liquid. The pH is maintained at about 4.5 during the entire process so that the quinones and lignins may be stereochemically associated. The resultant extract is a clear liquid having a chemical composition almost identical with that of the fresh juice. The juice, however, does not readily oxidize so that it may be bottled and shipped for use. Because of the stabilization and sterilization process the extract has a high shelf life and maintains its original beneficial chemical composition. Since the juice is extracted under sterile conditions at ambient temperatures, degradation is essentially avoided. Furthermore, by removing the aloins with its rind the extract maintains the clear colour and has the taste of citrus juice, rendering the product readily suitable for internal consumption with an effectiveness near that of the fresh gel. These and other advantages of the invention will become more fully understood when taken in connection with the following detailed description.

The Aloe Vera plant is commercially cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical climates. The leaf is harvested by merely cutting the leaf from the plant when the leaf has reached the desired state of maturity.

In its natural state the rind provides an effective container for shipment of the gel with only the cut end open. However, since the juice is contained in a thick mucus-like gel, the cut end quickly oxidizes to form a thick scum which effectively seals the juice within the leaf for shipment. The leaves may then be transported in the natural state. It is, of course, desirable to process the leaf as soon after harvesting as possible. In most cases, however, the aloe vera leaf may be shipped or stored for ten to fourteen days without deterioration.

Upon arrival at the processing area the leaves are inspected for evidence of deterioration. Bruised, damaged or decaying leaves must not be used. The selected leaves are then washed with a mild detergent, rinsed in a chlorine solution, rinsed with deionized water and aseptically dried.

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A commercial pressure spray dishwasher has been found satisfactory for the washing operation. Likewise, commercial detergents are suitable. The chlorine solution is preferably formed by dissolving three-fourth cup calcium hypochlorite per gallon of water. Other chlorine solutions are acceptable.

The dry sterile leaves are transported under aseptic conditions to a sterile processing area. Thereafter the entire process, from opening the leaf to bottling the extract, is carried out in a completely sterilized aseptic environment.

The outer hull is removed by cutting to a depth of at least one-eighth inch, leaving only the clear core of gel.

The gel is then immediately placed in a digestion tank and digested. Digestion is accomplished by agitating the gel in a digestion solution maintained at ambient temperatures and continuously exposed toU.V.radiation.

The digestion liquid comprises a solution of glycine, a surfactant, citric acid, L-ascorbic acid, a source of potassium ions and buffering agents. In the preferred embodiment the gel is processed in 200 gallon batches. Accordingly, to produce a 200 gallon batch, 220 pounds of fresh gel is placed in stainless steel mixer. Agitation is started and the following components added in the following amounts:

Citric acid 14.00 pounds Ascorbic acid 2.00 pounds Glycine 24.80 pounds Potassium chloride 1.23 pounds Potassium gluconate 179 grams.

The mixer is allowed to agitate the composition for about five minutes and then the following materials and components are added:

Tween-80 160 grams 75% phosphoric acid 1.00 pounds

Make up water is added to produce 200 gallons of mixture and the mixture is then agitated under U.V. radiation for approximately four hours. The liquid is then pumped from the tank and filtered to remove residual cellulose. The filtered liquid is then bottled for use. In the process described stereochemical polymerization of long chain of amino acid polymers, in the presence of amine phosphates and under U.V. radiation, produces amino lignins and phospholignins. Under 2,600 Angstroms radiation sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorous and other elements in rather

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weak concentrations act as the electromotive ions for effecting the sterechemical transfer of phosphorous and ionized amines to combine loosely with available quinones and lignins. Oxidation is prevented by maintaining pH at approximately 4.5. The quinones and lignins stoichiometrically stereochemically attach to the potassium, phosphorous and amines to produce the end product, amine phospholiginin and potassium quinone-amine of loose structural bonds. Ascorbic acid and citric acid assist in buffering the solution and replacing the vitamin C lost to oxidation upon exposure to air when the gel is first removed from the leaf.

The reaction described is promoted by U.V. radiation of about 2,600 Angstroms. This wavelength penetrates approximately two inches in the substrate. Approximately 2 to 4 seconds at 1 millivolt is required to initiate stereochemical reaction. To promote the reaction the pH must be maintained at about 3 to about 4.5. The reaction also must take place in the presence of amine with sufficient phosphorus and potassium ions to effect the transfer. The transfer is further assisted by use of a wetting agent. Various other chemicals may be substituted for those listed above in the preferred composition. Selection of components providing the desired chemical reactions is limited only by toxicity and taste of the end product.

The time for digestion depends upon exposure to the U.V. radiation. The U. V. Promotes the reaction primarily by breaking down the lignins and quinones so the stereochemical transfer can occur. Glycine has been found to be the most successful amine because of its relatively simple structure and indestructibility to the U.V. wavelength used.All components of the digestion mixture are of USP grade or better. In the preferred embodiment Tween 80 is used as a surfactant. Tween 80 is the common name for a mixture of polyoxyethylene ethers of mixed partial oleic ester of sorbitol anhydrides sold commercially and is available in USP grade.

L-ascorbic acid is used primarily to buffer the solution against oxidation loss of Vitamin C. The other components are used primarily to buffer the solution and to provide ready sources of potassium ions. As noted above, under U.V. radiation the lignins and quinones are broken down and loosely associated with the potassium and amines. Using the process described, very little cellulose residue remains, indicating high effective digestion. Since the lignins are stereochemically polymerized, an extremely high proportion of ligninsare dissolved in the final solution. Preliminary tests indicate that the lignin in solution in the final product is approximately ten to fifteen times the

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amount of lignin in solution in fresh juice. Furthermore, the extract is quite stable and has an indefinite shelf life.

Process Flow Sheet Diagram

Process flow diagram of aloevera processing

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Process flow diagram of aloevera gel by centrifugation process

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Project Layout Built up area The built-up area will have the following sheds and offices, spread over 1 acre of land:

- Processing Plant - Boiler House - Testing Lab - Finished Goods Godown - Seed and Equipment Storage - Administrative Block including car park and security guard room

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Layout of the Plant

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Photographs /Images for Reference

Photographs of Plant & Machinery

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Aloe vera Packaging Machine

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Product Photographs

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Financial Analysis of the Project

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