Magnetic FieldMagnetic Tool Calculation for CFS1000 Current Sensor Busbars Calc-U- Calc-u-Bar_Pie_04 Page 1 of 22 1of Page Manual Subject to technical changes July 19 July 2018

Manual siMulation software 1. Content 4. 3. 2. 5. 7. 6. Calc-U-Bar_P IE_04 Introduction Simulation Procedure ...... Started Getting −CFS1000 Knowledge Basic andMR-Principle 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 5.1. Examples 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. 5.5. 5.6. General InformationGeneral Limitations of Calc-U-Bar 5.8. 5.7...... Windows Results Tolerance View Advanced Settings 100 A −100 Busbar U-shaped External 250 A U-shaped Busbar −250 Current Feed Influence in XY-Plane in ...... Influence Feed Current Current Feed Influence in XZ-Plane in ...... Influence Feed Current Current Feed Influence in YZ-Plane in ...... Influence Feed Current Phase Crosstalk: 2 Adjacent CFS1000 2Adjacent ...... Crosstalk: Phase PCB with Integrated Current Path: Integrated Current with 10PCB ...... PCB Ain Path: Integrated Current ...... with PCB 50PCB Ain ...... Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current ...... Page 2 of 22 2of Page Manual

Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes 22 20 13 19 15 12 14 17 11 3 4 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 July 19 July th 2018

Manual simulation software using the National Instruments LabVIEW Instruments National the using operates tool The sensors. CFS1000 current Sensitec with solution ment measure- current of acustomized requirements to magnetic approaches fi allows tool, which design support acustomer is analytical rst Calc-U-Bar introduction 1. request an support. advanced engineering to and department sales Sensitec the to contact recommended is it ucts, into afi CFS1000 the sensor integrating prod- Before applications/series nal – – – – – like: aspects consider not does Calc-U-Bar is a customer tool support aiming at simple feasibility studies. It limitations Menu. Start Windows the via started be can program the procedure, installation the After tions. instruc- install the follow and “Calc-U-Bar_install” folder the setup.exe inside specifi to user any the Run extracted be can destination. which ed folder www.sensitec.com. package install a download contains compressed The Download the simulation software “Calc-U-Bar” from our website instruction installation www.sensitec.com. sheet and application note. For more information please visit us at CFS1000 the data with combination in used be should guide user This ances and their influence on the magnetic fi elds components. toler- positioning related process towards idea an gives This calculated. is busbar the to inflrelative the time, same position sensor of a varying uence defithe At arrangements. specifine multiphase for requirements spacing fi or paths to current possibility, the gives adjacent from which sources, eld interference or crosstalk magnetic to estimate possibility the includes also It angle variation for the current feed is possible). (three-axis FEM-simulations 3D excessive for need the without investigated be infl CFS1000.can the the Additionally, feeds current different of uence operating for busbar fi for used U-shaped the of estimations dimension rst fi magnetic on beLaw, Biot-Savart’ can Based it using calculations eld

Calc-u-Bar_Pie_04 Thermal issues due to power losses and local hot spots hot local and losses to power due issues Thermal (fi asymmetries) eld AC-effects or inhomogeneous current distributions density to sensor the close materials of ferrous Usage Magnetic or electric shielding Isolation topics

® runtime environment. Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current Page 3 of 22 3of Page Manual – – – – – – features – – applicable Documents

Simple installation simulations needed FEM- 3D no considerations, first For interface user graphical to use Easy Takes into account positioning tolerances geometry of busbar Optimization busbar design of required estimation and simulation Simple CFS1000 Application Note CFS1000 Application CFS1000 Datasheet Calc-U-Bar user interface Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes July 19 July th 2018

Manual siMulation software – – – – Basic Knowledge – Cfs1000 and Mr-Principle 2.

Calc-u-Bar_Pie_04 compensation loop. the using to have compensated be which MR-resistance, asingle at sensor position, which may cause fi inhomogeneous eld strengths fi reach also may at feed kA/ current of the 1 above strengths eld fi magnetic the current, 100 above Anominal targeted systems eld reduce non-linearity for high current arrangements. For busbar mandatory, due to differential field principle, but nevertheless,will fi magnetic of the not is Symmetry center chip the to relative eld busbars. of smaller construction the allow will This expanded. be may limit this required, not is situations current over in measurement note: fi stabilization the on impact allowed eld. amaximum as A/m ±500 sets Calc-U-Bar current, nominal the toup 5times currents for over fistable nominal operate the to 3times above supposed is and measure can figradient eld sensor the As eld. fl still can sensor stabilization the the before, than larger an external mentioned as As soon as ip becomes fi iny-direction eld fi their in -direction. kA/m position, 3 At sensor package. the typically is inside eld magnets permanent two from generated fi require would damage 3 above elds . the To avoid stabilization bya biased are error, eld resistances fl MR fi the ipping fi such as long as Permanent lasting present. are effect, conditions eld atemporary is error operation This rail. saturation CFS1000 fl of the would output the where situation, feedback voltage toopposite ip apositive the to lead would this fi stabilization of the y-direction opposite the in pointing eld (y-fi eld) fl can which direction magnetic magnetization about ip 180°,an external if aprivileged have fipresent, is eld resistances MR the sensor position (shift in -direction). below plane aparallel in located always is busbar The xy-plane). (in surface MR-sensor of the center the in located is system of 1920 value ±190 A/m target 2.5 (approx. A/m mT; 2) Fig. fi see coordinate the of over origin The mm. 1.2 difference eld fi nominal the when CFS1000 best, width). of (2 The works kA/m/mm gradient to a 1.6mT/mm),targeted is eld to leading is fi areas MR magnetic of the 1.24 the of (base mm distance toaverage difference The the in sensitive are eld -direction. 1), Fig. see which markings, (red chip the on MR-areas active CFS1000 two the has inside arrangement Wheatstone-bridge fi magnetic of the strength of the The afunction as in vector x-direction. eld resistance changes MR-resistor A single losses. power low remarkable has fi time stray same the at and homogeneous variations and temperature elds against robust sensor light CFS1000 asmall, The is realized. is dependency temperature low and linearity ahigh principle), fi primary of the compensation the on eld (closed-loop sensor. of the Based signal output the represents and current primary the for measure proportional the is current compensating firequired this for value The chip. AMR-sensor the on eld counter magnetic by a compensated is element sensor fi the of stray excellent modulation The achieved. is immunity eld an proximity, close in fibeing the points measuring By measurement two element. at sensor bygradient the eld measured is conductor, which fithe of sides both way,busbar.between differential this In amagnetic generated is (gradient) eld a example conductor, for as current aU-shaped through sensor the below fed is to measured be current primary The fi differential acompensated on based is sensor CFS1000 of the current eld (x-fi principle working The eld) Fig. 1: Left: Schematic of sensor and busbar arrangement. Right: Visualization of internal construction of CFS1000 sensor, showing the showing sensor, CFS1000 of construction internal of Visualization Right: arrangement. busbar and sensor of 1: Schematic Fig. Left: For applications where the maximum current is clearly limited to less than 5 times the nominal current, or stable stable or current, nominal the 5times than to less limited clearly is current maximum the where applications For magneto-resistive areas (in red) and the included permanent magnets. Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current Page 4 of 22 4of Page Manual and being larger than this. In closed loop operation, operation, loop closed In this. than larger being and sensor. The target differential field is about 1920 A/m. about is field differential target The sensor. Fig. 2: Illustration of the busbar position relative to the Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes measurement. July 19 July th 2018

Manual siMulation software – – – – – – – –

Calc-u-Bar_Pie_04 conditioning ASIC that are all packaged in a standard SMD SO16w package (Fig. 3). SO16w (Fig. SMD package astandard in packaged all are that ASIC conditioning asignal and magnets bias two chip, sensor AMR of an consisting transformer current CFS1000 aclosed-loop The is fi stabilization the impacting without eld. simulation the to run order in length2, parameter (>1000 to value large assigned be mm) must avery case, this In losses). zero (assuming current return the other the and forward the carrying is feed one if or direction) same the in (conduction them between equally splits current the if lines fi feed differential the parallel two to measure between possible eld also is It mandatory. not is busbar of the U-shape The tool. calculation this for too various infl possible –as are construction uences mechanical or thermal on guidance give nor effects, such cover not will Calc-U-Bar behavior. infl abig has thermal and arrangement dissipation power on sensor uence current of the design the general, In simulated indirectly, using these expected values in the simulation. be can effects thermal estimated, be can or known is thickness in change Anyway, apossible if effects. thermal account intotake infl not will does therefore, it as and events such thickness forecast differential the cannot uence fiCalc-U-Bar eld. infl may effects ±1% CFS1000 Thermal of the below is PCB range. the change uence temperature offset complete the over remaining The calibrated. factory are drifts though even measurements, current on effect acertain has Temperature counter-ficoil. the of center the in somewhere lies y-fisensor Therefore, the eld. as long as other each cancel will elds a produces which to aU-shape, compared line afeedback has winding each as critical, less is case this in y-direction in fi The of windings. number by the current coil the eld to multiply Uand amassive being coil the to is assume design, coil for suitable more fipossibility, gradient second The resulting the all sum Uand afterwards. asingle elds as winding each simulate The paths. current such is of to fidesign raw do a to used fi nominal be possibility the can rst achieve Calc-U-Bar gradient. eld to order in acoil or windings of several consisting abusbar is However, solution range. abetter frequency relevant the for fi be can noise if or acceptable still is out ratio toltered noise signal the as long as possible is gradient nominal A smaller fibusbar. differential target the U-shaped toone reach using eld possible be not might it constraints, layer to isolation due required busbar, CFS1000 be may the the as and between distances 15 below larger Aand/or currents nominal low For by Calc-U-Bar. considered not are AC-effects general, In level. to correct the signals frequency higher attenuating RC-stages, more or of one use by the compensated be can Both response. step in overshooting and peaking) or response frequency (in frequency over gain increasing an is to fi lead may result sensor.larger The a the effect affects generating skin thus and The variations, figradient strength eld eld sensor. current of the characteristics the in to ahysteresis lead may which hysteresis, magnetic to their due athreat, CFS1000 of the become may environment the in materials Ferrous suffi longer no recommended. is is tool FEM-simulation 3D why a Calc-U-Bar cient, the case, this In shield. Mu-metal or fiferrous a stray The applying area. by chip improved be active can one for immunity eld below nominal the is impact its this as 1%, for keeping limit field fi stray experienced 1 kA/m general is a position sensor at eld Fig. 3: Structure of the CFS1000. the of 3: Structure Fig. Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current Page 5 of 22 5of Page Manual magnets non-magnetic leadframe AMR sensor AMR ASIC Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes July 19 July th 2018

Manual siMulation software 10. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. legend: results. simulated of the graphs output the fi input contains of several panel consists same The panel front current. defiThe to elds nominal the and geometry busbar the ne started Getting 3. Calc-u-Bar_Pie_04 2nd sensor position and current feed option. option. feed current and position 2nd sensor fistabilizing eld;in x-, and y- z-direction). fi (differential to busbar the on impact and eld Inflrelative errors placement sensor of uence design). own your for point a starting predefiOpen as used be (may examples ned Run simulation and simulation status. info. Software of mr-sensor. width base fi magnetic for graph result and vs. eld density fi onimpact stabilizing (y-field eld), current fi differential for results (x-fi Simulation eld eld), defi current and geometry Busbar nition. z-direction. x-, from feeds y- and current different or and/ sensor asecond considering when options 6): (Fig. Additional settings Advanced x-, z-direction. y- and of possible sensor positioning errors in fi differential stabilizing on impact and eld field of 5): (Fig. Evaluation views Tolerance current. Defi nominal and layout busbar of nition window. 4): input (Fig. Basic settings Base Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current 10 6 5 4 1 9 Fig. 6: Advanced settings. views. 5: Tolerance Fig. settings. Base up. start after panel 4: Front Fig. Page 6 of 22 6of Page Manual 2 Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes July 19 July 7 8 3 th 2018

Manual siMulation software – – simulation Procedure 4. document. of this section example the in detailed are option) feed current and position (2nd sensor settings simulation advanced The – – application. verifi be must but tolerable, still are the in ed final fi both in deviations Small range. A/m ±500 elds filization the inside be to supposed is eld the allowed maximum impact on the stabi- addition, In edges). (chip width ±0.6 base mm at A/m ±960 and center) (chip width base 0 mm fi by adifferential terized A/mat 0 about eld (1.2 charac- is area design mm). optimal An chip active of the width base the mark x-axis whereby the black lines to perpendicular the toa ±1 center, sensor’s the relative range mm fi impact the on the stabilization and line) (blue fi differential calculated the 9shows Fig. eld – – range. of target out are values their if red, turn indicator density current the and bars of the color The issue. an become might limits dissipation power and effects thermal whether to estimate, order in calculated is section cross smallest busbar’s addition, the current (A/mm density In current. nominal the and geometry busbar fibilization (y-fi eld specifi the on eld),based ed fiential (x-fi eld sta- the on impact the and eld) differ- calculated the 8show Fig. in bars The results windows 4.1.

Calc-u-Bar_Pie_04 Specifi of cation 7). Fig. mm; in see (units calculation Defi of nition program is possible by using the resume button . button resume the by using possible is program the Resuming simulation). the abort will (this button stop the on by clicking time any at stopped be can program The completed. is simulation the after yellow turn Both light. indicator an simulate by clicking process simulation the Start ±500 A/m. ±500 fi stabilization on Impact A/m eld: 0 fiDifferential eld: A/m 1920 A/m±190 Fig. 7: Input for busbar geometry and nominal current. nominal and geometry busbar 7: for Fig. Input (yellow line). The fi line). The (yellow in calculated are elds busbar geometry busbar nominal current 2 . Note that the CFS1000 can be rotated by 180° without impact for the measurement and and measurement the for impact by 180° rotated CFS1000 be the . Note that without can ) at the the ) at (unit A).

. This process will take a few moments and is visualized by a status bar and and bar by astatus visualized is and moments afew take will process . This Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current Fig. 9: SimulationFig. results for magnetic field over CFS1000 base width. 8: SimulationFig. results for current density, differential field and impact on Page 7 of 22 7of Page Manual Blue line: differential field, yellow line: impact on stabilization field. issue. an is field impact of symmetry stabilization field. Including information if offset of differential field or Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes July 19 July th 2018

Manual siMulation software amples section. ex the in detailed are settings advanced The – – 11): (Fig. options advanced two offers 6) Fig. (see settings index-tab advanced The a 4.3. y-direction. in possible only is Scaling investigation. detailed more for a required if – numbers scale min/max the on clicking by manually modified be can but fixed, not is graphs of the scale The Note: x-, the along y- z-axis. or sensor the moving when field, stabilization the on impact in change the line yellow the and change field differential the indicates line blue the (Fig. 10).panel Here, view the tolerance using estimated be can busbar the to relative errors placement sensor of influence The t 4.2. – – Calc-U-Bar_P IE_04 feed of the busbar. of the feed current of the yz) (xy, xz, orientation the set to allows side right-hand the on illustration the angles, and dimensions to define used is block left The settings. geometry including feed, current of Definition sensor. to 1st the relative are which coordinates, entered the at located be will sensor second the whereby arrangements, sensor adjacent between of crosstalk estimation the for to a2nd sensor add possibility The Fig. 10: Simulation results for estimation of impact of possible tolerances. olerance Views dvanced S ettings - Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current Fig. 11: Advanced simulation options. Page 8 of 22 8of Page Manual

Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes July 19 July th 2018

Manual simulation software power PCB solution using special copper inlays, which carry the nominal current. nominal the carry which inlays, copper special using solution PCB power high an expensive to compared when solution cheaper a fiprobably is busbar-solution an external Such backside. its xed to busbar thick a2mm with PCB 1mm astandard on of aCFS1000 mounted consisting system cost low acompact, represents It 13. Fig. in shown is busbar external an using current 100 for Anominal example The off. switched be should position 2nd sensor and feed current options advanced the stage, At this – – – – – – – – parameters: following the enter must user The a –100 Busbar u-shaped external 5.1. 12). (Fig. 10 from to shown Aup 1000Aare currents for dimensions setup and Typical busbar settings. are available by turning on the switch example As additional help, some predefi ned examples application. target of the current nominal the as well as thickness, layer isolation the and busbar of the data geometry the vide pro- must user the general, In results. lated simu- the to how interpret and Calc-U-Bar use to how show clearly CFS1000.the examples All one may encounter during design-in-phase of which cases, common some covers section This examples 5.

Calc-u-Bar_Pie_04 Fig. 13:Fig. Results for the simulation setup of example 5.1. D sac 1 mm (isolation layer thickness) 100 A mm 5 Nominal current mm 30 Distance 5mm mm 4 Length2 mm Length1 Gap 2 Width2 2.1 Width1 Thickness mm Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current Fig. 12:Fig. Predefined example settings. Page 9 of 22 9of Page Manual Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes July 19 July th 2018

Manual siMulation software Further details on this topic can be found in the following examples of this document. of this examples following the in found be can topic this on details Further instead. variation for space reserve butstep, to first the in space busbar the minimize to notrecommended is it influence, feed current to this Due to busbar). the (relative position centered of its out slightly sensor the by placing compensated be can feed current asymmetrical busbar. an Even U-shaped of the length the by varying or position sensor the by changing counteracted be can influence an such cases, most In symmetry). (field noticeably position sensor the at field magnetic the influence can feed current of the angle and busbar, position the U-shaped to simple the Compared activated. be should feed current option advanced the requirements, application for suitable dimensions with values, target the meet results calculation the as soon As application. final the inside calibration gain end-of-line an to run necessary become may it if or tolerances, process to due errors of placement presence the in safely operate will sensor the if to estimate used be can graphs the general, In to 1938down A/m. from A/m1947 field to differential 1.01 of 100.51 the expanded current reducing has areal PCB be the Thus, mm. Aas might of 100 °C this temperature 100 abusbar Aat measures arrangement sensor current the When words: other in or drifts, thermal to due errors gain to estimate used be to up can 0.01 be graph might So, mm. PCB this of the expansion thermal reality, In of -8.32% to +9.14% change z-direction. in of ±0.2 mm 2125 asensitivity variation equals This adistance A/m. for from however, A/m field ranges 1785to differential The A/m. of ±500 range target critical the below remains and affected slightly only is curve) (yellow field 14). Fig. (see stabilization the on z-direction in impact to The avariation contrary components, field magnetic the on influence aminor only show (±0.2 x- mm) in y-direction and errors placement that seen be can It Placement T cooling. active for need the without product alow-cost for choice arealistic thus, and controllable is it example, this In issue. an become may effects temperature if to estimate, used be can density current calculated the beginning, the in stated As − − − − not:met, or CFS1000 the are operate to safely requirements necessary the whether to estimate, possibility the offer results simulation The Calc-U-Bar_P IE_04 Fig. 14: Results for placement tolerances of example 5.1. Current density center sensor´s the at field Differential Impact on stabilization field Differential field olerances 12.5 A/mm² 12.5 0A/m about A/m -340 A/m 1947 Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current Page 10 22 of Page Manual

OK OK OK OK Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes July 19 July

th 2018

Manual simulation software isolation layer thickness, the stronger the influence of placing tolerancesget. This leads to a general conclusion on the behavior of the CFS1000: The smaller the nominal current, the U-shape and the of ±0.2 mm. tolerance 4.5% 1to adistance roughly for example above in 8% from infldecreases the is, That in z-direction dimensions. variations sensor-system distance of increasing uence In comparison to the tolerance graphs of the previous example, the influence of sensor positioningerrors decreases with A/m. of±500 range fi allowed The the stabilization the inside still is A/m counteracting -393 fiwith eld component eld fi differential the of whereby A/m. value 1920target ranges, the to eld close target (1937 the A/m) meet is very parameters all Here, fiU-shape. consuming differential space of a need the without eld same the bring also will direction opposite in current same carrying distance ficorrect in placed busbars separate two of set A eld. differential the to generate direction opposite with current same the carrying tracks two to use possibility the Anyway, remember busbars. thick of 4mm fabrication for limit alow be already might of 5mm gap the technology, production on Depending – – – – – – – – to backside. the glued busbar acopper having value PCB to set 1.6 was standard is to CFS1000. the distance which mm, The distance larger and requirements thermal density, current to higher due mostly current, 100 for Anominal than larger to considerably be need 15, dimensions the Fig. in shown As current. 250 for Anominal arrangement measurement acurrent for approach adesign shows example This a –250 u-shaped-Busbar 5.2.

Calc-u-Bar_Pie_04 itne 1.6 mm (isolation layer thickness) 250 A 10 mm Nominal current mm 30 Distance 7mm Gap 5.5 mm Length2 5 Length1 4mm Width2 mm Width1 Thickness Fig. 15: Results for the simulation setup of example 5.2. Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current Page 11Page 22 of Manual Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes July 19 July th 2018

Manual siMulation software increases above 10 above mm. increases come crucial, if the busbar thickness (z-direction) addition, the current connection concept will be- 2%. above In increase will error calculation the flrent α angle an in ow cur- allows ohms) (least path shortest the as to CFS1000. the too soon close As feed current of the corner upper the bring length U-shape and height feed current for dimensions as soon as considered be should FEM-simulation a 3D issue, this regarding To errors too large avoid busbar. the inside density current ahomogenous assumes generally it as effects, such ficonsider not will magnetic Calc-U-bar position. inhomogeneous an create sensor at will eld busbar, the which inside bution distri- current inhomogeneous an due to manner), fismall in a though (even as well differential the affected be to is expected eld fi stabilization the on impact an have reality, In eld. generally will setup abusbar such that, using concluded be can It tests. mance fi during on focused be should perfor- rst now. overcurrent-stability of Hence, range out is which A/m, to -685 A/m -340 from fi differential in stabilization the on change impact aminor 1,the but eld, to only increased is fi example has there eld comparison In side. to right the busbar of the side left the from fl current The of 2mm. breadth equal and to set 90° is ow angles both with results simulation 16Fig. corresponding the shows – – – – – chosen. be must xy“ feed „current sub-index-tab the and to activated be has settings) (advanced feed“ „current switch the sides, both from feeds current straight with busbar U-shaped of a case common To most the explained. simulate –is directions different from feed current –regarding of Calc-U-Bar length1, 1(except to for set 15 now is of example which mm), infl the dimensions the on capabilities Based calculating and uence XY-Plane in influence feed Current 5.3.

Calc-u-Bar_Pie_04 Bt 90° 90° Beta mm 7 Alpha 2mm Height 100 mm Breadth Length Fig. 16: Results for the simulation setup of example 5.3. larger than 10° than 17), (Fig. larger Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current Fig. 17: Fig. path. ohm Least Page 12Page 22 of Manual Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes July 19 July th 2018

Manual siMulation software target range. fithe within are stabilization differential the on parameters The Both A/m. impact the A/m-460 and about is fiabout 1961 eld eld – – – – – results. simulation related the and xz) feed (current settings feed rent 1. 18 example cur- in the Figure shows found be can settings current nominal and geometry busbar basic The simulated. is tion, In this example a current feed position, which might be relevant when having connections/terminals adjacent to the sensor posi- XZ-Plane in feed Current 5.4.

Calc-u-Bar_Pie_04 Bt 180° 180° Beta mm 2 Alpha 4mm Height 100 mm Breadth Length Fig. 18: Results for the simulation setup of example 5.4. Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current Page 13Page 22 of Manual Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes July 19 July th 2018

Manual siMulation software Otherwise stable operation in overload situations and linearity should at least be tested as soon as hardware is available. is hardware as soon as tested be least at should linearity and situations overload in operation stable Otherwise issues. these to overcome help can placing chip and dimensions of busbar arework cases, busbar. of the such In asymmetry the to due A/m, 40 about is area chip sensor of the edges the between A/m). difference Its -500 min and A/m -350 (max accordingly they-axis scaling stabilization fithe by on impact The observed be can firange. differential the eld target the within still is eld Anyway, area. chip sensor the of ficenter A/mthe in 400 differential about the of symmetry, an offset to missing the shows Due eld – – – – – results. simulation related the and settings 1. feed 19 example in current Figure shows found be can settings current nominal and geometry busbar basic The yz-plane. the in of angle achange is direction feed current the to vary possibility third The YZ-Plane in feed Current 5.5.

Calc-u-Bar_Pie_04 Bt 0° 90° Beta mm 4 Alpha 2mm Height 100 mm Breadth Length Fig. 19: Results for the simulation setup of example 5.5. Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current Page 14Page 22 of Manual Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes July 19 July th 2018

Manual siMulation software (Fig. 21).(Fig. coordinate the of y-position sign the inverting by fiperformed be magnetic by the easily can operation #2. This busbar of eld CFS1000 #1 infl #1 be (CFS1000 Therefore, busbar will 250 Aand #1) current. (CFS1000 no #2 #2) carries Busbar carries uenced Case 2: into account. to have taken be still tolerances production and spacing all Note that infl mutual allowed differential maximum the on uence sensors the field. regarding found be can arrangement multiphase for spacing minimum the element, sensor second of the position the varying By errors. arity line- additional cause can sensor, which the of capability fi gradient of its compensation size in error decreased to lead also but eld, stray fi another „magnetic from graph cause in coming mm only not mr-sensor“.will of offset width fihigh source A base vs.eld eld to fi of stray 1% presence the in related the is symmetry and/or Offset elds about A/m. offset fi 0 eld position ≥1000 at value eld fi up errors to CFS1000 the of leading infl an A/m).curves Such ±500 (may exceed not characteristic offset the modulate may uence fidifferential differential large the a to too avoid order in fitaken regarding be has to eld care small eld, quite is crosstalk the if Even operation. sensor proper notthreat does fitherefore, and small is stabilization the crosstalk the case, A/m. this In -23.6 about is eld on inflimpact the the and A/m) example, (0.62 this In affected differential not The almost small. is #2 quite is fisensor eld of uence y-direction. in distance mm +50 in placed is sensor second fithe whereby 2, example differential from the stabilization on taken the on are impact the and settings eld base fi (Fig.20). The eld infl CFS1000 be will #2 Therefore, current. no magnetic the by impact uenced the both calculates fibusbar eld of Calc-U-Bar #1. #1 (CFS1000 #2 (CFS1000 busbar #2) #1) busbar carri- 250 whereby 250 Aand for A, carries busbars identical with arrangement phase two a represents example The to infl be CFS1000 example. this sensor in second The in y-direction only moved is uenced Case 1: fi of the to origin the relative are sensor position. second the sensor for rst nates coordi- The boxes. input to defi is be 1, position phase dimension 2nd sensor,the in the towards whose coordinates the using ned infl the calculates then magnetic the of Calc-U-Bar uences settings. by index-tab advanced figenerated eld, under position” sensor “2nd switch the on turn and current nominal and geometry fibusbar like crosstalk, parameters To phase calculate necessary all in other.to each close are paths current high multiple where system integrated ahighly in sensor the operating when help CFS1000. of great is This the for issue an be may paths, current adjacent from coming crosstalk, if to investigate possibility the offers also Calc-U-Bar sensors Cfs1000 2adjacent Crosstalk: Phase 5.6. Calc-u-Bar_Pie_04 Fig. 20: Results for the simulation setup of example 5.6, case 1. 5.6, case example of setup simulation the for 20: Results Fig. +50 Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current Page 15Page 22 of Manual Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes July 19 July th 2018

Manual siMulation software a current value for one moment in time for each case of interest. case each for time in moment one for value a current inflto the also be transformed tohas to check taken be which must angle, care phase of uence AC arrangements, multiphase For note: operation. device correct guarantee the order in sensors the between distances the to increases recommended is it conditions uncertain under amatter. not is Nevertheless, impact additional the that so a120° shift, having phase AC currents with work arrangements fi stabilization multiphase of the to breakdown the due applications fails i.e.However, eld. sensor standard direction, most in same the in overcurrent an carry paths both as soon as problems cause –may to crosstalk –due impact additional the general, In operation. sensor proper threat not does therefore, and small is crosstalk stabilization the on fi The impact A/m)A/m. the and -4.56 (0.39about fi is differential eld The notaffected almost is #1 sensor of eld Calc-u-Bar_Pie_04 Fig. 21: Results for the simulation setup of example 5.6, case 2. -50 Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current Page 16 22 Page of Manual Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes July 19 July th 2018

Manual siMulation software – – – – – – – – are: parameters other The FR4-material. 0.5 for mm least of at thickness layer isolation an require applications to most set 0.55 –as was mm thickness layer isolation the shielding, and tion suffi provide to order In layers. to flisola- connected assumed is cient current the parallel 4 as all busbar through copper equally ow simplifi is stack the (100 layers each). simulation, For μm prepreg massive ed one (100 to 3isolating and layers each) μm copper of 4 astack to set 0.7 was assuming mm, thickness The current. primary the for chosen was path 100 copper A 4-layer μm layer. different of to windings. several spreads number by the current the to multiplied be where has PCB, current amultilayer for also to valid be assumed are results calculated The constraints. rule design PCB standard 22), (Fig. applying Abusbar a50 for asetup is point Starting the layers, multiple in windings coil for of copper, whereby block one –as required geometry –similar layers all Assume afterwards. results 2. fi calculation the differential all sum and generated layer the layer,each each for for eld calculate current the Estimate 1. PCB. amultilayer in layers to several separated is fi differential the which path calculating for current of a eld strategies general two are There following. the in discussed are task, this asimplifi applying simplififor investigated Methods, helpful and are model. that ed rules designed be and can cations routes current multilayer also but inlays, copper heavy only Not simulated. be can PCB into the integrated is path current the where designs Also PCB ain 50 Path: Current integrated with PCB 5.7.

Calc-u-Bar_Pie_04 D sac 0.55 mm (isolation layer thickness) 50 A mm 4 Nominal current mm 13 Distance 5mm mm 3.6 Length2 Length1 Gap 0.7 mm Width2 0.3 Width1 Thickness mm Fig. 22: Results for the simulation setup of example 5.7. Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current Page 17Page 22 of Manual Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes July 19 July th 2018

Manual siMulation software 10%, which will affect the final result. final the affect 10%, will which around be can tolerance thickness that, astandard mind in keep should One events. switching during currents eddy to prevent interrupted be should but spots, hot local from generated heat to spread help also may to circuit the connection direct without ers lay spreading heat Additional issues. to thermal avoid and capability current-carrying required to guarantee thickness copper and vias size of and number sufficient a require will designing PCB general, In investigation. simplified this in to negligible be assumed However, path. is this resistive lowest the at density current higher like effects produce will layers to different spreading Current Note: to 19.8 calculated is A/mm density current the example, this In sion variation with a resolution down to 1 µm for this purpose. this to for 1µm down aresolution with variation sion errors, if not interconnected properly with vias to the main connection layer (usually top or bottom layer). Calc-U-bar allows dimen dimensioning for arisk represents to senor the distance closest the with layer the Especially afterwards. summed and separately calculated be can layer each of portion field exact the Then, one. each for currents resulting the to calculate and separately tion connec- layer of each resistance the to evaluate strategy alternative another be would it model of the improvement further For generation. heat local to compensate position, 10 to sensor the of about relative mm, adistance in rent-layers nominal-cur the enlarge to possible is it position, sensor the at directly required only is field differential target the Since topics. Calc-U-Bar_P IE_04 Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current Page 18 22 Page of Manual 2 , which may require some special attention regarding thermal thermal regarding attention special some require may , which

Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes July 19 July th - 2018 - -

Manual simulation software such arrangements. for methods 24 interconnection Fig. two shows isolation. safe for requirements creepage to maintain solution easiest is 9.Pin This 8and Pin between side package of the distance ashort in vias the to is place coil, integrated aPCB using when solution best The mended. recom- strongly is FEM-simulation 3D or test aprototyping arrangements complex such smaller. For become distances as critical more become coil, of the winding closest towards especially tolerances, placing arrangements, such for Nevertheless, equal. and known is path each for 7, to current example the compared because easier even is it case, this In afterwards. a summation fiincluding separately, winding single differential the each of calculating portion eld when improved, be might result simulation The coil. of the to center the close placed 10 Pin 7and CFS1000) Pin of the is (between element sensor the as long –as anyway other each weaken least at or cancel will inflHowever, The Calc-U-Bar. by impact the returns the calculated be from can‘t coming windings the of ficomponents uence eld note: – – – – two windings.between of 0.2 mm layer, of 1.66 each in width adistance aroute and mm windings three with setup a2-layer coil we apply example, this In geometry. coil for model proximated ap- to an get order in rules, design layout and setup to layer respect with to have changed, be current (width1) primary the and width copper the also but thickness, only not Thus, of six. by afactor scaled is current nominal the for value target the that means differential target the achieve to fiwhich eld, required are simplifi is windings busbar. Six coil The copper massive single ed by a the simulation results. 7, example 23 in shows Fig. chosen. presented were as 100 prepreg, and μm 100 copper with μm settings layer same The rent. suffidifferential the for windings value several target cur- fi with the ateld acoil achieve to nominal cient 10A to is design task The PCB in 10 aCoil Path: Current integrated with PCB 5.8.

Calc-u-Bar_Pie_04 Width2 7 mm (at least equal to width1) equal (at 7mm least ·10 A A=60 ·3windings 2layers =5.4 mm 1.66 spacing 0.2 mm 3times +2times route mm current Nominal +100 =0.3 FR4 μm mm 100 copper μm 2times Width2 Width1 Thickness Fig. 23: Results for the simulation setup of example 5.8. Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current Page 19 22 Page of Manual Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes July 19 July th 2018

Manual siMulation software Calc-u-Bar_Pie_04 Fig. 24: interconnection Different methods for PCB integrated current paths. Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current Page 20 of 22 of 20 Page Manual Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes July 19 July th 2018

Manual siMulation software department for more information. more for department sales Sensitec the contact Please support. engineering advanced an to provide and aspects these all to cover able is Sensitec – – – to: possible is it Additionally, aspects. mentioned previously the all cover will it since advantage, of great is FEM-simulation a3D investigation, advanced amore For – – – – – account: into take not tool. does It of the limitations following the through read to carefully asked kindly is reader the Therefore, products. series designing for to used be supposed not is It studies. feasibility simple at aiming tool support acustomer is Calc-U-Bar l 6. – – – – – – – – Calc-U-Bar_P IE_04 performance ofperformance the CFS1000 assembly dynamic the evaluate to order in input model SPICE as used be can which pulse, into afield pulse current Transform the results simulation accurate highly on based geometry busbar the by optimizing size system total the Reduce field stabilization the towards influence the and immunity field stray the improve to order in metals, guiding flux or shielding Design topics Isolation effects Mechanical path’s current the corners at densities current to higher due spots, hot local like effects Thermal effects proximity for applies same The effect. skin the as such effects, current Eddy position to sensor the close area path’s sectional cross current the of narrowing due toa example For field. differential the influence will which distributions, current Inhomogeneous imitations of Calc- U -Bar Magnetic Field Calculation Tool Calculation Busbars CFS1000 Field for Magnetic Sensor Current Page 21 22 of Page Manual

Calc-U-Bar Subject to technical changes July 19 July th 2018

Manual simulation software Calc-U-Bar oftware Magnetic Field Calculation Tool for CFS1000 Current Sensor Busbars ulation s ulation i m 7. General Information

Disclaimer Manual s Manual Sensitec GmbH reserves the right to make changes, without notice, in the products, including software, described or contained herein in order to improve design and/or performance. Information in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable. Howe- ver, Sensitec GmbH does not give any representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. Sensitec GmbH takes no responsibili- ty for the content in this document if provided by an information source outside of Sensitec products. In no event shall Sensitec GmbH be liable for any indirect, incidental, punitive, special or consequential damages (including but not limited to lost profits, lost savings, business interruption, costs related to the removal or replacement of any products or rework charges) irrespective the legal base the claims are based on, including but not limited to tort (including negligence), warranty, bre- ach of contract, equity or any other legal theory. Notwithstanding any damages that customer might incur for any reason whatsoever, Sensitec product aggregate and cumulative liability towards customer for the products described herein shall be limited in accordance with the General Terms and Conditions of Sale of Sensitec GmbH. Nothing in this document may be interpreted or construed as an offer to sell products that is open for acceptance or the grant, conveyance or implication of any license under any copyrights, patents or other industrial or intellectual property rights. Unless otherwise agreed upon in an individual agreement Sensitec products sold are subject to the General Terms and Conditions of Sales as published at www.sensitec.com.

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Subject to technical changes Calc-U-Bar_PIE_04 Manual Page 22 of 22 July 19th 2018