A STUDY GUIDE BY ROGER STITSON
http://www.metromagazine.com.au
http://www.theeducationshop.com.au CAPTION:
Synopsis spear from a recently dug grave to use was born into. as a crutch. When a group of Abo- n 1835, a wild white man emerged rigines find him they believe he is the But in 1835, Buckley’s life faces new from the Australian bush with long warrior Murrangurk, the owner of the upheavals when John Batman’s Ihair and beard, dressed in skins spear, returned from the dead. They advance party for settling Melbourne and carrying spears. He was escaped take him in and he joins the family of arrives. Unbeknown to them the local convict William Buckley, long pre- Murrangurk – whose brother Torrenauk Wathaurong tribe is planning to attack, sumed dead, who had spent thirty-two becomes his ‘brother’. kill them and steal their provisions. years living with an Aboriginal tribe in southern Victoria. We see Buckley become a Wathau- Imagine the new arrivals’ surprise rong tribesman – he learns to hunt when a six and a half foot giant of Near the end of his days, Buckley sat and fish and speak their language. a wild white man emerges from the down to tell his story to John Morgan, He witnesses many battles (usually bush – and, it turns out, he can speak a journalist with an eye for a good over women), cannibalism and various English! Buckley now stands between yarn. Buckley’s account tells of his tribal customs. At one stage he tragi- two worlds that are about to collide. life in an ancient culture before white cally loses his family in a clan killing. Can he prevent bloodshed? Whose colonisation. It is one of the most ex- He falls in love with a young woman side is he on – white or black? traordinary survival stories ever told. who stays with him for many years. He grows into middle age as part of a As the new colony is built, Buckley His journey into a different world be- world utterly different from the one he acts as mediator between white and gan on a stifling hot Christmas night in black, knowing that one day, one side 1803 – when the 23-year-old Buckley, or the other may kill him. He can also an English court-martialled soldier, es- Curriculum Links foresee the dreadful fate of the Abo- caped the doomed first settlement of rigines. He sets sail for Hobart, never Port Phillip Bay in south-eastern Aus- This study guide is mainly to return. tralia. He chose to risk the unknown aimed at middle and upper of the terrifying and hostile Australian secondary school levels, with As dawn enters the room and the fire
wilderness rather than continue life as relevance to English, Media in the hearth grows cold he tells Mor- SCREEN EDUCATION a convict … Studies, History, SOSE / HSIE, gan – ‘I wished the whites had never Indigenous Studies, Geography, come’. After a year of harsh survival, Buckley Anthropology and Ethics. – spent and starving – fatefully takes a
CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: 2 Background context on the map the location of Sullivan Britain and France.) Bay, the place from which Buckley • From the program and from further In order to understand and appreci- escaped. (See ‘Wathaurong’ in reading, write a detailed expla- ate more of the ‘extraordinary tale’ of website references.) nation of the reasons for Collins transported convict William Buckley, • Research the history and culture eventually asking the governor of how this tale became known to the of the Wathaurong as they existed New South Wales to relocate the public at large, and his part in the prior to European settlement, then small Victorian colony of soldiers, European colonisation of what quickly plan and construct an informa- convicts (and their families) and developed into the city of Melbourne, tive magazine-style page on the free settlers to Van Diemen’s Land we should first look at some back- subject. Include illustrations as ap- (later renamed Tasmania). Add a ground details surrounding the central plicable, and apply layout and for- short account of Collins’s activi- issues of concern examined during the matting using desktop publishing ties and accomplishments after he program. software. (More activities related sailed from Victoria. to the Wathaurong are located • Let us indulge in some alternative The Wathaurong people throughout this study guide.) history speculation. Discuss in class what might have happened • After William Buckley escaped Early colonisation of in Victoria had Collins’ governor- from the first European settlement southern Victoria ship in the Port Phillip Bay region in Victoria in 1803 he was taken progressed. What effect would this in by the Wathaurong tribe, who • Research, discuss in class and have had on whether Melbourne were (and are) members of the write your own account of why would have been founded by John larger Kulin nation of Aborigines David Collins, appointed as Batman (and his rival, John Pascoe in southern central Victoria. Carry Lieutenant-Governor, was ordered Fawkner) in 1835? Consider, as out the appropriate research then by the British government to colo- part of these speculations, the draw a map of the southern part nise the Sorrento area of southern possible differences in the de- of Victoria showing the general Victoria (first named Sullivan Bay) velopment of Port Phillip Bay as area populated by the Kulin, and in 1803. Why was France, a mili- a colony of serving transported in particular the region of the tary enemy of England at the time, convicts, and a colony of free Wathaurong. Show on the map considered important in arriving settlers, ticket-of-leave convicts,
some place names and locations at this decision? (You may need and ex-convicts. (More on John SCREEN EDUCATION to indicate contemporary geo- to research the history of the early Batman in the next section.) graphical context (such as Mel- nineteenth century Napoleonic Additional note: in ‘real’ history bourne and Geelong, Port Phillip Wars, and the general empire- about 1700 convicts were trans- Bay and Corio Bay). Also indicate building activities of both Great ported directly to Victoria from
CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: 3 England in the 1840s. However, Bay. It is not necessary to be his- • From his portrayal in the program, they were released from servitude torically accurate; you are writing a the questions and comments he on arrival, as ‘Exiles’, and were story for entertainment purposes, puts to Buckley, and from your free on condition they did not leave and you may invent characters and research, discuss in class your the Australian colonies until after dialogue. view of Morgan as a person, and their full jail terms had expired. particularly as a British man of his For more on this, see ‘Exiles’ in John Morgan own times, in a tough colonial en- website references. vironment. What do you think his • Much of the detail of William Buck- own attitudes were to Aboriginal John Batman ley’s biography, covering his years peoples, and to Buckley’s experi- among the Wathaurong people of ences of living closely with them? • Carry out appropriate research southern Victoria as an escaped Explain whether you think he was then write a selective biography convict, is presented in scenes prejudiced and overtly shocked about John Batman. What, for during the program that derive and critical or not. Discuss whether instance, were the circumstances from interviews he conducted he was reflecting white colonial of his birth? Why did he move from many years later with a journalist attitudes of the time. Sydney to Hobart? What were his in Tasmania, John Morgan. Who • Imagine it is 1852, and Morgan’s motives in attempting to organise was John Morgan? Carry out book about Buckley has just been a group of free settlers to sail from research and write a short, selec- published. Write a deliberately Tasmania to Victoria to colonise tive biography of Morgan’s life, ‘breathless’ magazine review of the Port Phillip Bay in 1835? In what explaining where he came from, book, in 250–300 words. ways did he attempt to legitimise why he arrived in the Australian this colonisation with the local Ab- colonies, and why he interviewed Terra nullius original nations of the district, and Buckley. What was the name of the was he successful? In what sense book Morgan wrote about Buckley, • As a class, define the concept did John Pascoe Fawkner (often when was it published, and how of terra nullius as it applies to known as ‘little Johnny Fawkner’) was it received by critics and the British colonisation and Austral- become a rival in business and in general public? Find out and com- ian Aborigines, particularly in the fame? What later became of Bat- ment on whether historians today era covered by the program, from
man? consider the details described in the early 1800s to the eventual SCREEN EDUCATION • From your research, plan and write the book by Morgan to be authen- colonisation of the Port Phillip Bay a short fiction story based on any tic or not. What became of Morgan district by John Batman and his aspect of John Batman’s efforts to in the years after the book was supporters. (See ‘terra nullius’ in establish a colony at Port Phillip published? website references.)
CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: 4 Buckley’s chance – • Based on what you have found out tive? Were the soldiers bored and escape from Sullivan Bay about Buckley’s life before trans- apathetic? Do you think the colony portation, and of the British justice will not only survive, but prosper? William Buckley and two other convicts and penal system of the era, write Can you behold a glowing vision escaped from the Sullivan Bay colony a fiction short story about a char- for the future of European civilisa- in December 1803. It was summer, acter who finds himself or herself tion in the Port Phillip district? Are conditions for newly arrived English caught up in these kinds of events. your companions up to the task? immigrants not used to the Australian Decide whether the tone and Are you up to the task? climate were terrible, and with no maps approach to your story will be to • Why do you think William Buckley or other resources the land and its In- project sympathy for a ‘victim’ of decided to escape? Was it because digenous inhabitants were unknown to circumstance, or whether you will he believed himself to be innocent them. (For information on Buckley, see present the story as a cautionary of the crime for which he was ‘William Buckley’ in website references. tale of crime and punishment. convicted? Was he angry? Did he Note that the last of these references plan his escape with other convicts was written in the nineteenth century Conditions of life at the or was it a spur of the moment act? by Marcus Clarke, author of For the Sullivan Bay settlement Did he know what he was going Term of his Natural Life. You might wish to do, how he would survive, and to analyse it for Clarke’s opinions of • Find out what it was like to set up where he was going? What did he Buckley and the Wathaurong.) the Port Phillip settlement from know of the Aborigines nearby? scratch in 1802–1803, then imag- Was he afraid? In pairs consider Buckley’s early life ine you are writing a letter home these questions then together plan to a relative, either as a soldier, and write one or more connected • Research and write a short de- administrator, free settler or con- scenes of dialogue between Buck- scription of Buckley’s life before vict. In the letter, describe the daily ley and other convicts, in which they he was transported to Australia as living conditions and the behaviour discuss the possibilities and chanc- a convict. What was the crime he and state of mind of the commu- es of escape, and the likelihood of committed, which brought about nity. How, for example, do you find what would happen if they failed. his conviction and transportation, and collect drinkable water? Are Read, revise and improve your draft and what was the length of his you able to obtain edible food off as necessary. You may then wish to
sentence? Discuss whether you the land and from the sea? Is the use other class members to record SCREEN EDUCATION think his sentence befitted the land suitable for farming? What is your dialogue as a sound file for crime. Describe what you think the weather like? Were the settlers playback. might be his reactions and emo- a violent, drunken rabble? Were • You are Lieutenant-Governor David tional state towards the situation. the convicts lazy and uncoopera- Collins, in charge of the new colony.
CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: 5 You are waiting for permission from Bay district, from the Mornington this will be narrated in the present the governor of New South Wales Peninsula around to the Bellarine tense. Ensure you incorporate your to abandon the settlement and Peninsula. Moving away from hug- perceptions of the elements, such relocate to Tasmania as soon as ging the coastline, what was the as the sound of birds, the constant possible. Buckley and a handful of land like for trekking through? Did noise of waves, the wind, the sand, other convicts escape before this it offer possibilities for survival in the heat and cold, the lack of drink- happens. Write an official report terms of food, water, shelter? able water and fire, the emptiness, about these events for the Gover- • During the program we are and how these play on your state of nor of NSW. For instance, do you informed that Buckley and two re- mind, your spirit and emotions. Also intend to send search parties out maining convict companions tried observe your increasing physical for the men to capture them before to signal the settlement from the weakness and deterioration, and the settlement relocates across the opposite side of the bay, without your views as to the decisions you Tasman? Is it worth the effort, when success. The two companions have made that have led you to this the settlement is already a failure decided to walk back to the settle- seemingly hopeless state. and everyone is suffering? Do you ment. They were never heard from • Are there any parallels, similarities, think they’ll come back to the camp again. Speculate upon what might variations or essential differences anyway? Write the report. have happened: plan and write a between Buckley’s experiences short fiction story. Consider the and those of others in real life and On the run – and alone viewpoint of the story – will it be in fiction? Some examples you narrated by one of the convicts? might wish to examine are Rob- • Discuss in class then write your Perhaps it might be narrated by inson Crusoe (written by Daniel own notes on why Buckley’s es- an Aborigine who watches and Defoe, 1719, with various twentieth cape plans, and the favoured route follows them nearby. Or perhaps and twenty-first century film and he wished to take, were, from the you may choose to write the story television adaptations) and the start, impracticable and doomed to in traditional third-person format. feature movie, Cast Away (Rob- failure. Why did he eventually lose • For some time Buckley survives ert Zemeckis, 2000). If relevant, his escapee companions? What alone, and suffers not only from discuss in class and write your happened to them? As a guide hunger, thirst and the natural own commentary about them. you may wish to examine a map of environmental conditions, but an (Note that the nineteenth century
what constituted New South Wales intense solitude and loneliness. writer, Marcus Clarke, refers to SCREEN EDUCATION in the early nineteenth century, Imagine you were in this predica- Buckley as Australia’s Robinson and where Port Phillip Bay was ment. Write a set of diary entries Crusoe. See the last of the website situated in relation to Sydney. Also about your daily ordeal that focuses references listed under ‘William examine a map of the Port Phillip on your ‘internal’ state. Much of Buckley’.)
ABOVE: 6 When worlds collide explain who Murrangurk was, and website references under ‘Tommy why the Wathaurong tribes people McCrae’.) As we see during the program, the first kept Buckley alive. encounter between William Buckley • We know the Murrangurk story Wathaurong customs and the Wathaurong people defines for from Buckley’s point of view as us the collision of ancient Indigenous an English transportee. Plan and • From the program, discuss in and nineteenth century European write a short fiction story from the class and write an account of how civilisations, culture, spiritual values, world view of a member of the the Wathaurong taught Buckley world view and perception of reality Wathaurong community who is a to survive within both the local, in the most extraordinary way. At this eyewitness to these events. You physical environment and in their relatively early period of Australian will need to consider, for example, own family groupings. Why would colonial history and over the next thirty Aboriginal beliefs in spirit afterlife, they not allow Buckley to take part years, arguably Buckley was only one and how Buckley’s appearance, in violent and warring disputes of a handful of Europeans, if not the ignorance and behaviour are with other tribal clans? Explain the only one, ever to have gained a fully explained or rationalised by the narrator’s comment, during the developed, intricate knowledge and Wathaurong according to their program, that, ‘Buckley’s time was appreciation of Aboriginal customs and own beliefs, customs and ways of now Aboriginal time measured by rites, language and tribal life, and he seeing and interpreting reality. the seasons’. survived to tell his tale to the colonial • Create an illustrated poster • Buckley is quoted in the program populace, ensuring that it still lives on depicting the fateful scene of the as saying of the Wathaurong, ‘It is today. Wathaurong’s first contact with their way that the hunter gives to Buckley. Include text as required. others the best of the catch’. Why Murrangurk’s spear • Tommy McCrae (1836–1901) do you think he specifically draws was an Aboriginal artist whose attention to this, and what do you • If it were not for Murrangurk’s work was based on traditional think is the purpose of this cultural spear, it is likely William Buckley Indigenous artistic perspectives. behaviour of giving to others the would have died shortly after In class discuss and analyse his best? Explain whether you think collapsing in the wilderness, on his ink painting, from 1890, of Buckley it is similar to or different from a way back to the Port Phillip Bay and Wathaurong men, then write ‘typically’ European view of what,
colony and never have been heard your own commentary of it, and what not, to share with others. SCREEN EDUCATION of again. Discuss and write a short explaining what it depicts of two • From the program, write a short commentary on this proposition, cultures, and what it suggests in explanation, with an example, explaining whether you think it an visual iconography and metaphor. of the ‘payback’ system that accurate viewpoint or not. Also (The painting may be found in operated between tribal groups,
CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: 7 particularly in relation to women, is withholding information from • Buckley refers to building a ‘fish where, in the words of David him about Wathaurong customs trap to catch bream’. What is a Tournier, Wathaurong Cultural are correct, discuss why Buckley fish trap? Following Aboriginal Advisor, ‘[they] were seen as a might be doing this. methods, how and where would commodity’. You may also wish • Discuss and explain the events he have constructed it? What did to fashion these customs and that lead to Buckley, after many it look like, and would it have been outbreaks of violence into a short years with the Wathaurong, being effective? You may wish to create fiction story. An alternative might alone again. In particular refer to an illustration to accompany your be to work in pairs or small groups the Aboriginal beliefs concerning written description. to present the story in illustrated those who die when young, • Buckley is joined by a young comic strip format. compared to the beliefs about woman, and they live together • Explain historian Michael those who die in old age. Buckley for some time. Comment on the Cathcart’s comment that, ‘For the says he was ‘sick at heart’ after questions John Morgan asks Wathaurong, myth and material the events that ensued. Compose Buckley about this arrangement, reality are woven into a seamless and draft a poem of blank or free and whether they are fair and web’. Why is it that Buckley verse to capture this sense of appropriate or not. How is this seemed to be able to adapt to grief, tragedy, melancholy and questioning presented on screen this world view? Carry out further loneliness. in terms of Morgan’s demeanour, research if necessary, then from expression and posture? Comment the program create a poster Alone again on Buckley’s reactions to these illustration of Buckley observing a questions. bunyip. • From the program write a • At this point in Buckley’s life, • While interviewing Buckley many commentary showing the immediately prior to the arrival years later, John Morgan asks, differences between the William of John Batman’s advance party ‘Why did you not teach them [the Buckley, the convict who was in 1835, discuss and write a Wathaurong] Christian ways? alone and attempting to survive in commentary on whether Buckley’s Didn’t you think it was your duty the ‘wilderness’ before becoming existence was genuinely idyllic and to do so as a civilised man?’ Murrangurk, and the William in emotional, physical and spiritual Discuss in class Morgan’s own Buckley who was Murrangurk, now balance. What had he lost, or given
cultural assumptions in asking surviving in the same environment up, of white European society, SCREEN EDUCATION these questions, and whether after finding himself alone again beliefs, customs and behaviour? Buckley was in a position to teach many years later. Ensure you take What had he gained? Christianity to the Wathaurong. If note of the program’s visuals as Morgan’s suspicions that Buckley well as dialogue and voiceover.
CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: 8 1835 and beyond: the founding of Melbourne
As historian Michael Cathcart says during the program, ‘It had to happen’. Sooner or later William Buckley’s past as an escaped British convict was going to collide with rapid colonial expansion. The coming of the advance guard also marked the beginning of the end for the ancient, traditional ways of the Indigenous peoples of Port Phillip Bay.
Conjectures, identity and ethics
• Discuss in class what might have happened had Buckley not dis- suaded Wathaurong warriors from about a ‘wild white man’ (as Buck- began arriving in large numbers killing John Batman’s advance ley was soon to be known) walking from 1835 onwards, and spread- party at Port Phillip Bay in 1835. out of the scrub are true. Write the ing out across Victoria from Port Would the settlement of Mel- news report that might have ap- Phillip Bay. One of the issues to bourne, for instance, have taken peared in a Sydney or Hobart Town consider is the gulf in comprehen- place? Might Buckley therefore newspaper of the day. Take into sion between the two communities have been known as the saviour of account that your reading audi- towards the concept of land usage the Wathaurong? ence is likely to be agog at such an and ownership, and also ancient • Write a commentary arguing ‘extraordinary tale’, so you might ritual treaties as opposed to writ- whether Buckley was ethically right be inclined to use a sensational- ten treaties on paper. You may or not to approach Batman’s men. ist approach. Present the report wish to fashion this into a format- After being saved, cared for and in newspaper column format, and ted, illustrated double-page spread trusted for thirty-two years by the carefully consider the headline designed for a popular history- Wathaurong, did he commit an that will accompany the report. based magazine aimed at young act of treachery against them, or You may also wish to include an teenagers. might he have committed an act of illustration of what Buckley might • Discuss in class why Buckley felt treachery against the white men by have been imagined to look like. it necessary to leave the newly not announcing himself to them? • Discuss in class the possible op- developing town of Melbourne in Where should his loyalties have tions then plan and write a short 1838 and to move to Hobart Town, lain? story about the moral dilemma of in Tasmania, for the rest of his life, • In the program, when Buckley committing an act that could be never to return. In what sense were walks into the white men’s camp, construed or even misinterpreted his loyalties conflicted, and why he is given European-style cloth- as treachery against friends who was he viewed with suspicion by ing to wear, with the comment, have placed trust and faith in you. everyone? Explain whether you ‘You look a bit more civilised, You may draw on the events and think this was a tragedy of his own hey?’ What does the speaker issues developed in the program, doing or not. mean by ‘civilised’? In what ways but your story does not have to be • In pairs plan, write and revise as might Buckley’s decision to put based on Buckley’s life. You may necessary a sequence of short the clothes on be a symbolic as invent your own settings, charac- dramatic play scenes (or one well as ‘practical’ act? Discuss in ters and situations, while maintain- extended scene) about someone class the importance of clothing ing the central theme of treachery who finds themselves caught in a in determining a sense of identity and trust, and possible guilt. For similar situation to that of William and of belonging to a community. example, in order to tease out con- Buckley, ostracised and mistrust- You might also consider what the flicting attitudes and viewpoints, ed, and compelled to leave forever. Wathaurong might have thought of you may wish to use multiple first- • Near the conclusion of the pro- Western-style clothing from both a person narrators. gram, Buckley wishes John Bat- symbolic and practical stance. man’s advance group of explorers • Imagine you are a newspaper Aftermath had never arrived at Port Phillip reporter, sent to interview one of Bay. Why does he say this? Is he SCREEN EDUCATION the advance party sent by John • Carry out further research if neces- being realistic? Discuss. Batman to explore the land around sary, then write an account of the • As a class, compose and write a Port Phillip Bay. You are attempt- fate of the Wathaurong people poem in verse ballad form called ing to ascertain whether rumours once British-stock colonial settlers ‘The Ballad of William Buckley’.
ABOVE: 9 The class is to decide on one con- as means of conveying a point of References and further sistent stanza, rhyme and rhythm view towards the historical char- resources format. Either individually or in acters and the situations being pairs students are then to select portrayed. Books and articles one aspect of Buckley’s life story, • Discuss in class, then write your and to render it as one or two own commentary on the ‘role’ Bain Attwood, Possession: Batman’s stanzas. When put together, all the played throughout the program Treaty and the Matter of History, stanzas created by the entire class by historian Michael Cathcart. For Miegunyah Press, Carlton, 2009. should tell the story of Buckley’s example, what is the purpose and Richard Broome, Aboriginal Victori- life, his adventures, his tragedies. the effect of Cathcart appearing on ans: A History Since 1800, Allen & Revise as required. You may then camera in scenes shot on location, Unwin, Crows Nest, 2005. wish either to make a sound re- and of dramatised reconstruc- Michael Cannon and Ian MacFarlane, cording of the ballad, or to present tions? Also discuss the par- Historical Records of Victoria, Vol. it as a poster display. Another pos- ticipation in the program of David 2A: The Aborigines of Port Phillip, sibility is to combine the two forms Tournier, Wathaurong Cultural 1835–1839, Victorian Government of media (sound and written text) Advisor. Printing Office, 1982. as an HTML page, with illustrations • How would you promote the Michael Connor, The Invention of Terra included. program prior to its televisoin Nullius: Historical and Legal Fic- screening? Plan and create either tions on the Foundation of Aus- Media studies an illustrated poster display, or in tralia, Macleay Press, Paddington, pairs or small groups create and 2005. Carry out the following activities. record a 30-second radio promo- Richard Cotter (ed., with commentary), tion. A Cloud of Hapless Foreboding: • Drawing on examples from the • In 300–350 words write a review of Assistant Protector William Tho- program, write a commentary The Extraordinary Tale of William mas and the Port Phillip Aborigines on the purpose and impact of Buckley for a weekly television 1839–1840, Nepean Historical dramatised reconstructions used magazine or newspaper liftout Society, Sorrento, 2005. throughout the history documen- supplement. Tailor your approach John Currey, David Collins: A Colonial tary format of The Extraordinary to a generalist audience. Life, Melbourne University Press,
Tale of William Buckley. Look at the Carlton, 2000. SCREEN EDUCATION use of accompanying mood music, John Morgan, The Life and Adventures lighting, placement and angle of of William Buckley: Thirty-Two camera shots, editing from shot to Years a Wanderer Amongst the shot, and general mise en scène, Aborigines, first published 1852,
CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: 10 this edition Tim Flannery (ed.), Text may be compared, or contrasted, http://www.theage.com.au/articles/ Publishing, Melbourne, 2002. to the story of William Buckley. 2003/10/03/1064988393029.html Gary Presland, Aboriginal Melbourne: These are: http://www.smh.com.au/travel/travel The Lost Land of the Kulin People, The Last Confession of Alexander -factsheet/sorrento--culture-and McPhee Gribble, Melbourne, 1994; Pearce (Michael James Rowland, -history-20081124-6foj.html previous edition titled The Land of 2008) http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/ergo/ the Kulin, McPhee Gribble/Pen- Van Diemen’s Land (Jonathan auf der colonial_melbourne guin, Ringwood, 1985. Heide, 2009) Exiles: Henry Reynolds, The Other Side of the http://www.access.prov.vic.gov.au/ Frontier: Aboriginal Resistance to Websites public/PROVguides/PROVguide the European Invasion of Australia, 057/PROVguide057.jsp University of New South Wales John Batman: Tommy McCrae, artist: Press, Sydney, 2006. http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/ http://voice.unimelb.edu.au/view Marjorie Tipping, Convicts Unbound: A010066b.htm image.php?id=3889 The Story of the Calcutta Convicts http://www.whitehat.com.au/ John Morgan: and Their Settlement in Australia, Melbourne/People/Batman.asp http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/ Viking Penguin, Ringwood, 1988. William Buckley: biogs/A020222b.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_ Terra nullius: Film and Television Buckley_(convict) http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/orgs/car/ http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/ docrec/policy/brief/terran.htm Rogue Nation biogs/A010158b.htm http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov. This documentary television series http://museumvictoria.com.au/ au/exhibition/objectsthroughtime/ about the early years of colonial encounters/journeys/gellibrand/ bourketerra/ Sydney may be compared to the buckley.htm http://www.abc.net.au/rn/counter dramatised style used in The Ex- http://www.telelib.com/words/ point/stories/2004/1179206.htm traordinary Tale of William Buckley. authors/C/ClarkeMarcus/prose/ Wathaurong: It also features historian Michael OldTales/williambuckley.html http://www.vaclang.org.au/language Cathcart. It may be useful as a David Collins: -program.aspx?ID=9 means of stimulating discussion on http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/ http://www.yarrahealing.catholic.edu. the strengths and weaknesses of A010226b.htm au/kulin-nation/index.cfm?loadref contemporary film dramatisations Early settlement of Melbourne: =8 and ‘reconstructions’ of historical http://www.eurekacouncil.com.au/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ subjects. Australia-History/History-Pages/ Wathaurong Two feature films based on the life of 1835-foundation-of-melbourne. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulin escaped convict Alexander Pearce htm
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