The Carcinological Society of Japan

CRUSTACEAN RESEARCH, NO. 26: 38-46, 1997

Janetogalathea, a new of , with redescription of its type Galathea californiensis Benedict, 1902 (: )

Keiji Baba and Mary K. Wicksten

Abstract. — Janetogalathea, a new Benedict's species from the remainder of genus, is proposed for Galathea cali­ the Galathea species. Close examination forniensis Benedict, 1902. It is differen­ of the type as well as other material made tiated from Galathea by an ill-defined available for study of his species, how­ orbit, flattish rostrum laterally bearing a ever, discloses additional characters that small basal and two large anterior spines, define it. third thoracic sternite anteriorly nar­ Due to the brevity of previous descrip­ rowed and contiguous with laterally tions (Benedict, 1902; Schmitt, 1921), a expanded preceding sternite, and anten- full species account is provided. Color nal peduncle fused with the orbit. notes are taken from transparencies made by Karen Light, Monterey Bay Introduction Aquarium, from a living specimen in captivity. Galathea californiensis Benedict, The measurements indicated show 1902, a galatheid confined to the coast of postorbital carapace length. California and vicinity, is known to have a The abbreviations used include: PI—4, rostrum quite unusual in the genus pereopods 1-4 (PI, cheliped; P2-4, walk­ Galathea. This unique character provok­ ing legs 1—3); Gl, gonopod 1; G2, gonopod ed a debate between Janet Haig and one 2. of us (KB) during a visit of KB to the Allan Hancock Foundation in 1989 as to the generic position of the species. It was then Janetogalathea new genus concluded that the species should be Diagnosis. — Carapace with distinct placed in a genus different than Galathea, elevated transverse ridges on dorsal but this proposal has not been submitted surface. Rostrum flattish, subtriangular; to date. In the meantime, eight galatheid lateral margin usually with 1 small basal genera have been established (Baba, and 2 large anterior spines. Pair of epi­ 1991, 1993; Baba & de Saint Laurent, gastric spines well developed, each spine 1996) since the publication of Baba (1988) situated directly behind anterior second in which 16 genera were recognized in the large lateral spine of rostrum. Third Galatheidae. However, the species in thoracic sternite narrow, expanded later­ question still cannot be placed in any of ally, following sternite subtriangular, the known genera. We propose Janeto­ narrowed anteriorly. Orbit not distinctly galathea to include it, a new genus dedi­ excavated, without lateral angle. Anten- cated to the late Janet Haig who contri- nular basal segment with 3 spines (2 buted much to our knowledge of distal and 1 subdistal), all well developed, . subdistal in particular. Antennal The structure of the rostrum might peduncle having basal segment fused seem to be the sole character to separate with orbit. Male with Gl and G2.

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NEW GENUS OF SQUAT LOBSTER 39

Fig. 1. Janetogalathea californiensis (Benedict, 1902), paralectotype, ov. $ cl, 13.7 mm, USNM 20551. Scale = 5 mm.

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40 K. BABA & M :. WICKSTEN

Type species. — Galathea califor- WSW of Gull Island, California, 258 m, 17 niensis Benedict, 1902. Jun. 1969, ship NIB Scofield, prawn set Gender. — Feminine. 44; 1 9 18.8 mm, Velero III Sta 1276-41, loose rock and sponge bottom, 10.75 miles (19.91 km) west of Point Dume, Cali­ Janetogalathea californiensis fornia, 87-89 m, 23 Mar. 1941; 4 8 6.2- (Benedict, 1902) 14.1 mm, 3 9 5.9-17.1 mm, 6 juveniles Figs. 1-3 2.5-4.0 mm, Velero III Sta 1385-41, Galathea californiensis Benedict, 1902: 247, among rocks, crinoids and sponges, 13- fig. 1 - type-locality: Channel Islands off 16.5 miles (24.0-30.6 km) SSE of East Los Angeles (Albatross Sta 2946), 150 fms Point, Santa Rosa Island, California, (275 m). — Schmitt, 1921: 164, fig. 104 131-140 m, 25 Aug. 1941; 2 8 6.4, 15.5 (between Monterey and "Cerros" (? = mm, 5 9 5.2-19.4 mm, Velero III Sta Cedros) Island, Baja California, 104-3993 m). — Wicksten, 1982: 245. (between Pt. 1435-41, mud and sponge bottom, 1.5 Conception and Anacapa Island, 165-500 miles (2.8 km) SW of Gull Island, off m). — Wicksten, 1987: 50 (California and Santa Cruz Island, California, 89 m, 8 Gulf of California, 101-104 m). Nov. 1941; 5 8 8.5-17.5 mm, Velero IV Sta 2062-51, 6.7 miles (12.4 km) NNW of Material. — NATIONAL MUSEUM OF North Light, Santa Barbara Island, Cali­ NATURAL HISTORY, WASHINGTON, DC: 4 fornia, 258-299 m, 18 Oct. 1951; 2 8 15.3, 8 6.6-25.1 mm, 8 ov. 9 7.6-21.5 mm, 3 9 19.7 mm, 1 9 15.5 mm, Velero IV Sta 11.6—13.4 mm, syntypes of G. califor­ 11838-67, taken with scalpellid barnacle niensis (ov. 9 16.2 mm is selected as and hydroids, 8 miles (14.8 km) 283° true lectotype and the others are paralecto- from south end of Isla San Lorenzo, Gulf types), USNM 20551, off Santa Cruz of California, Mexico, 794-1015 m, 2 Dec. Island, California, 150 fm (275 m). — 1967; 1 8 17.5 mm, Velero IV Sta 22680- MONTEREY BAY AQUARIUM: 1 8 29.2 75, taken in beam trawl, 6.16 miles (11.4 mm, taken in baited shrimp trap, Carmel km), 45° true to Newport Beach pier, Canyon, California, 189-240 m, 1996 (no California, 358 m, 12 Sept. 1975. date). — CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCI­ ENCES: 1 ov. 9, 24.8 mm, CAS 106791, on Description. — Carapace excluding rock, Santa Cruz, California, 1 Feb. 1963, rostrum slightly longer than wide; dorsal coll. A. Sorensen; 5 8 9.1-17.2 mm, 2 9 surface with setiferous elevated tran­ 10.7, 28.0 mm, Cat. No. 004150, soft sverse ridges as figured; first (anterior- brownish shale, on bank north of Santa most) ridge with pair of spines rather Barbara Island, California, 14 Sept. 1938, distantly separated, each spine situated ship Zaca. — LOS ANGELES COUNTY directly behind anterior second lateral MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY: 1 8 spine of rostrum; cervical groove distinct. 29.2 mm, LACMNH 2076-1, off Santa Lateral margins moderately convex, bear­ Barbara Island, California, in gill net, ing 3 spines in front of cervical groove: 102-111 m, 27 Jun. 1980, boat Gala­ anterolateral spine prominent, directed pagos; 1 8 32.6 mm, vicinity of Guadalupe straight forward, overreaching sinus Island, Baja California (Pacific side), between anterior 2 rostral lateral spines, Mexico, Mar. 1970, taken by fishermen; 5 followed behind by small one situated at 8 26.2-31.3 mm, 1 ov. 9 26.0 mm, 3.8 midlength of hepatic margin between miles (7.0 km) SSW of west end, Anacapa anterolateral spine and cervical groove, Island, California, 240 m, 17 Jun. 1969, and another distinct spine ventral to it; 5 ship NIB Scofield, prawn set 40, Ace. No. posteriorly diminishing spines on ante­ 1969-9; 1 8 28.5 mm, 1.3 miles (2.4 km) rior branchial region, last one rarely The Carcinological Society of Japan

NEW GENUS OF 3UAT LOBSTER 41

obsolete. mesial rows of large spines, 2 dorsal rows Rostrum flattish, triangular, lateral of small spines, 1 ventrolateral row of margin with 1 small basal spine (rarely 2 small spines; and several spines in 2 rows or absent) and 2 (rarely 3) anterior spines on distal portion of lateral surface; carpus usually prominent and deeply incised. with 2 dorsal and 2 lateral rows of spines, Orbit not hollowed out, laterally ill- 3 pronounced spines (2 mesial, 1 ventral), defined without any process. and scattered tubercles or often small Sternal plastron as figured, third spines on ventrolateral surface; palm thoracic sternite relatively short and somewhat depressed, distinctly shorter wide, anterolateral^ produced, following than fingers, with 6 rows of spines (1 sternite anteriorly narrowed, medially dorsal, 2 lateral, 2 mesial and 1 ventral); depressed, with long stiff setae as fingers proximally gaping in large males illustrated. (more than 29.2 mm long), usually not Pterygostomian flap not acuminate gaping in females and small males (even anteriorly, ending in small spine. in specimen 25.1 mm long), distally de- Abdominal segments 1—2 with pair of flexed, opposable margins with inter- gonopods. Tergites 2-4 each with 2 seti- meshing teeth, movable finger with 2 ferous transverse ridges well elevated; rows of spines (1 dorsal, 1 ventral) along smooth elsewhere. mesial margin, fixed finger with row of Eyes moderate in size, not strongly spines along dorsolateral margin. dilated compared to eyestalk. P2-4 relatively slender, sparsely se­ Antennular basal segment with 2 tose; meri and propodi posteriorly dimin­ distal and 1 subdistal spines, former ishing in length; meri with row of dorso- subequal, distomesial and distolateral in mesial spines and 1 distal ventrolateral position, latter strongest and situated spine, ventral surface with row of spines dorsally; distoventral margin between 2 distinct along mesial margin on P2 only; distal spines bearing a few very small carpi with row of dorsolateral spines spines in small specimens, moderate- paralleling row of flexor marginal spines; sized spine in large specimens. propodi with 7 small movable spines on Antennal peduncles having first (bas­ flexor margin on P2, 6 or 7 on P3, 5 or 6 on al) segment fused with orbit, broadly P4; a few small fixed spines present on produced ventrally, terminating in small large specimens, obsolescent on small spine; second segment with small disto­ specimens, on proximal portion of ex­ mesial and somewhat larger distolateral tensor margin; dactyls having flexor spines; third segment unarmed. margin convex, with seta-like corneous, Maxilliped 3 bearing long stiff setae on inclined, movable spines, 9-10 in number merus and carpus; ischium relatively on P2-3, 8 on P4, each arising from low thick, nearly as long as merus, flexor process, ultimate one much finer and margin with well-developed distal spine, nearly contiguous with margin. mesial ridge with 23—25 denticles; merus Epipods absent from all pereopods. having flexor margin with prominent Color. — Reddish on much of surface, median spine and small subterminal carapace with white transverse stripes spine proximal to rounded distal end, along main transverse ridges and white extensor margin with 2 small spines, background on pereopods (Fig. 3). distal one terminal, proximal one situated at distal third of length; carpus unarmed. Habitat. — Found on rock or among PI spinose, with coarse setae moder­ rocks; soft brownish shale; loose rock and ate in density; merus and carpus sub- sponge; mud and sponge; crinoids and cylindrical; merus with 5 rows of spines: 2 sponges. The Carcinological Society of Japan

42 K. BABA & M. K. WICKSTEN

Fig. 2. Janetogalathea californiensis (Benedict, 1902), paralectotypes, USNM 20551; a, c, ov. 9 12.7 mm; b, d, e, ov. 9 15.3 mm; f—h, 8 25.1 mm: a, anterior part of cephalothorax, dorsal view; fe, same; c, same, right side showing orbit, dorsolateral view; d, anterior part of sternal plastron, ventral view; e, antennule, antenna and eye, ventral view; f, endopod of right maxilliped 3, lateral view; g, P2, distal two segments, lateral view; h, same, dactyl. Scales = 5 mm; scale 1 for g; scale 2 for f; scale 3 for a, b, e, h\ scale 4 for c, d.

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NEW GENUS OF QUAT LOBSTER 43

Size. — Males, 6.2—32.6 mm; ovigerous basal segment lacking a small lateral females, 12.2—26.0 mm; nonovigerous spine. females, 5.2—28.0 mm. Relationships between the new genus Ova, 0.50 x 0.54 - 0.52 x 0.56 mm. and Leiogalathea Baba, 1969, are rather Range. — Restricted to the west coasts distant in the rostral shape and ornamen­ of America and Mexico: Monterey, be­ tation of the carapace but they share the tween Pt. Conception and the Channel laterally ill-defined orbit. In fact, how­ Islands, Guadalupe Island off Baja Cali­ ever, the orbit in Leiogalathea is well fornia, "Cerros (? = Cedros) Island, and excavated as in Galathea. Gulf of California off Isla San Lorenzo No male is known in Nanogalathea and Isla San Pedro Nolasco; taken in Tirmizi & Javed, 1980. Other than the depths between 89 and 3993 m. absence of rostral basal spines, the genus shows overall affinities to Phylladio- Remarks. — In a previous paper (Baba rhynchus Baba, 1969, in which Gl is & de Saint Laurent, 1996) an attempt was missing. The following is a key to genera made to divide the family Galatheidae bearing Gl and G2, including Janeto­ into two groups: one bearing Gl and G2 galathea. A key to genera lacking Gl can and the other lacking Gl. The systematic be found in Baba & de Saint Laurent importance of this feature still remains (1996). unclear. This species belongs to the for­ mer group. Key to genera of Galatheidae bearing Gl The carapace ornamentation, general andG2 features of rostrum, and armature of 1 Eyes reduced. Maxilliped 1 without maxilliped 3 and P2-4 are similar in lash .... Munidopsis Whiteaves, 1874 Galathea and Janetogalathea. However, the latter is characterized by the fol­ — Eyes well developed. Maxilliped 1 with lowing particulars: the orbit not exca­ lash 2 vated, with its lateral limit ill-defined and 2 Rostrum spiniform 3 not produced, the rostrum bearing two — Rostrum triangular and flattish 7 large lateral spines flanked by a small 3 Rostrum with dorsal and ventral basal spine, the antennal peduncle hav­ spines.. Cervimunida Benedict, 1902 ing the first (basal) segment fused with the orbit, thoracic sternite 3 laterally — Rostrum lacking dorsal and ventral widened and contiguous with the ante­ spines 4 riorly narrowed next sternite, a pair of 4 Rostral spine flanked by 2 lateral epigastric spines widely separated from spines Sadayoshia Baba, 1969 each other, and the prominent antero­ — Rostral spine flanked by supraocular lateral spine overreaching the sinus spine 5 between the rostral lateral spines, all of 5 Pterygostomian flap visible in dorsal which are distinctly different from the view ... Pleuroncodes Stimpson, 1960 former. — Pterygostomian flap not visible in The ill-defined lateral limit of orbit dorsal view 6 fused with the first segment of the anten­ nal peduncle and the widely separated 6 Lateral angle of orbit produced. P2-4 epigastric spines are also possessed by meri unarmed dorsally, dactyls Pleuroncodes Stimpson, 1860. But the smooth on flexor margin new genus is readily distinguished from Anomoeomunida Baba, 1993 that genus by the flattish rostrum armed — Lateral angle of orbit ill defined. P2-4 with lateral spines and the antennular meri armed with dorsal spines, dactyls The Carcinological Society of Japan

44 K. BABA & M. K. WICKSTEN

Fig. 3. Janetogalathea califomiensis (Benedict, 1902), 6 29.2 mm in captivity, taken in baited shrimp trap, Carmel Canyon, Monterey County, California, 189-240 m, 1996: a, dorsal view; b, anterolateral view. Photographs by Karen Light.

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NEW GENUS OF SQUAT LOBSTER 45

with seta-like spines on flexor margin fited from reviews by Austin B. Williams Munida Leach, 1820 of the National Marine Fisheries Service, 7 Carapace lacking setiferous ridges. Washington, DC, and Enrique Macpher- Eyestalks narrow and elongate son of the Centro de Estudios Avanzados Fennerogalathea Baba, 1988 de Blanes, Gerona. To all of them we express our appreciation. — Carapace bearing setiferous ridges. Eyestalks relatively wide and short 8 Literature Cited 8 Second segment of antennal peduncle Baba, K., 1969. Four new genera with their representatives and six new species of the unarmed. P2-4 without dorsal spines Galatheidae in the collection of the Zoolo­ on meri and carpi gical Laboratory, Kyushu University, with Allomunida Baba, 1988 redefinition of the genus Galathea. Ohmu, Occasional Papers of the Zoological Labo­ — Second segment of antennal peduncle ratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu with distomesial and distolateral University, 2(1): 1-32. spines. P2—4 with dorsal spines on , 1988. Chirostylid and galatheid crust­ meri and carpi 9 aceans (: Anomura) of the "Albatross" Philippine Expedition, 1907- 9 Orbit not excavated. First segment of 1910. Researches on Crustacea, The Carci­ antennal peduncle fused with orbit nological Society of Japan, Special Number Janetogalathea new genus 2: v + 203 pp. , 1991. Crustacea Decapoda: Alainius — Orbit excavated. First segment of new genus, Leiogalathea Baba, 1969, and antennal peduncle free from orbit.. 10 Phylladiorhynchus Baba, 1969 10 Rostrum extremely elongate, ventrally (Galatheidae) from New Caledonia. In: A. Crosnier, (ed.), Resultats des Campagnes carinate, with 5—9 lateral spines MUSORSTOM, Volume 9. Memoires du Allogalathea Baba, 1969 Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, — Rostrum moderate in length, usually Paris, Zoologie, 152: 479-491. , 1993. Anomoeomunida, a new genus flattish, with 2—5 spines 11 proposed for Phylladiorhynchus caribensis 11 Rostrum with reduced lateral spines. Mayo, 1972 (Crustacea: Galatheidae). Carapace with obsolescent transverse Proceedings of the Biological Society of ridges provided with coarse setae Washington, 106(1): 102-105. -, & de Saint Laurent, M., 1996. Crus­ Leiogalathea Baba, 1969 tacea Decapoda: Revision of the genus — Rostrum with distinct lateral spines. Bathymunida Balss, 1914, and description Carapace with setiferous transverse of six new related genera (Galatheidae). In: A. Crosnier (ed.), Resultats des Campagnes ridges Galathea Fabricius, 1793 MUSORSTOM, Volume 15. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 168: 433-502. Acknowledgments Benedict, J. E., 1902. Descriptions of a new Karen Light, Monterey Bay Aquari­ genus and forty-six new species of crust­ um, provided us with the color photo­ aceans of the family Galatheidae, with a list of the known marine species. Proceed­ graphs. The study material was made ings of the United States National Muse­ available by Rafael Lemaitre of the um, 26: 243-334, figs. 1-47. Smithsonian Institution, George Davis of Fabricius, J. C, 1793. Entomologia systema­ the Los Angeles County Museum of Natu­ tica emendata et aucta secundum classes, ral History, and Robert Van Syoc of the ordines, genera, species ajectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. California Academy of Sciences. Part of Volume 2, viii + 519 pp., Hafniae. the paralectotypes was sexed and meas­ Leach, W. E., 1820. Galateadees. Dictionnaire ured by Lemaitre. The manuscript bene­ des Sciences Naturelles, Paris, 18: 48—56.

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46 K. BABA & M. K. WICKSTEN

Schmitt, W. L., 1921. The marine decapod berichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Crustacea of California with special ref­ Freunde zu Berlin, 18 Juni 1878: 131-135. erence to the decapod Crustacea collected Whiteaves, J. F., 1874. On recent deep-sea by the United States Bureau of Fisheries dredging operations in the Gulf of St. Steamer "Albatross" in connection with the Lawrence. American Journal of Science, biological survey of San Francisco Bay series 3, 7:210-219. during the years 1012-1913. University of Wicksten, M., 1982. from baited California Publications in Zoology, 23: 1- traps and gill nets off southern California. 359, pis. 1-50. California Fish and Game, 67(4): 244-248. Stimpson, W., 1860. Notes on North American , 1987. Range extensions of offshore Crustacea, in the Museum of the Smith­ decapod crustaceans from California and sonian Institution, No. II. Annals of the western Mexico. California Fish and Game, Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 7: 73(1): 54-56. 177-246, pis. 2, 5. Tirmizi, N. M., & Javed, W., 1980. Nano- galathea raymondi, a new genus and Addresses: (KB) Kumamoto University species of Galatheidae (Decapoda, Anom- Faculty of Education, 2-40-1 Kurokami, ura) from the Bay of Bengal. Crustaceana, Kumamoto 860, Japan; (MKW) Department of 38(2): 127-130. Biology, Texas A&M University, College Von Martens, E., 1878. Einige Crustaceen und Station, TX 77843, USA. Mollusken, welche das zoologische Muse­ E-mails: (KB) [email protected]; um in letzter Zeit erhalten. Sitzungs- (MKW) [email protected]

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