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Christian History & Biography
Issue 98: Christianity in China As for Me and My House The house-church movement survived persecution and created a surge of Christian growth across China. Tony Lambert On the eve of the Communist victory in 1949, there were around one million Protestants (of all denominations) in China. In 2007, even the most conservative official polls reported 40 million, and these do not take into account the millions of secret Christians in the Communist Party and the government. What accounts for this astounding growth? Many observers point to the role of Chinese house churches. The house-church movement began in the pre-1949 missionary era. New converts—especially in evangelical missions like the China Inland Mission and the Christian & Missionary Alliance—would often meet in homes. Also, the rapidly growing independent churches, such as the True Jesus Church, the Little Flock, and the Jesus Family, stressed lay ministry and evangelism. The Little Flock had no pastors, relying on every "brother" to lead ministry, and attracted many educated city people and students who were dissatisfied with the traditional foreign missions and denominations. The Jesus Family practiced communal living and attracted the rural poor. These independent churches were uniquely placed to survive, and eventually flourish, in the new, strictly-controlled environment. In the early 1950s, the Three-Self Patriotic Movement eliminated denominations and created a stifling political control over the dwindling churches. Many believers quietly began to pull out of this system. -
2019 International Religious Freedom Report
CHINA (INCLUDES TIBET, XINJIANG, HONG KONG, AND MACAU) 2019 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary Reports on Hong Kong, Macau, Tibet, and Xinjiang are appended at the end of this report. The constitution, which cites the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, states that citizens have freedom of religious belief but limits protections for religious practice to “normal religious activities” and does not define “normal.” Despite Chairman Xi Jinping’s decree that all members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) must be “unyielding Marxist atheists,” the government continued to exercise control over religion and restrict the activities and personal freedom of religious adherents that it perceived as threatening state or CCP interests, according to religious groups, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and international media reports. The government recognizes five official religions – Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Protestantism, and Catholicism. Only religious groups belonging to the five state- sanctioned “patriotic religious associations” representing these religions are permitted to register with the government and officially permitted to hold worship services. There continued to be reports of deaths in custody and that the government tortured, physically abused, arrested, detained, sentenced to prison, subjected to forced indoctrination in CCP ideology, or harassed adherents of both registered and unregistered religious groups for activities related to their religious beliefs and practices. There were several reports of individuals committing suicide in detention, or, according to sources, as a result of being threatened and surveilled. In December Pastor Wang Yi was tried in secret and sentenced to nine years in prison by a court in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, in connection to his peaceful advocacy for religious freedom. -
SUPERHEROES Maritheresa F
más+menos student magazine fall 2011 seville study center SUPERHEROES Maritheresa F. Frain: Director of the CIEE Study Center in Seville Oscar CEballos: Coordinator, editor, and graphic designer. Resident Editor’s Note Director of the Communication, New Media and Journalism program Oscar Ceballos Eduardo DEL CAMPO: Final editor of contents, staff reporter from El Mundo Gloria MARTÍNEZ: Coordination of University of Seville students and revision of English-Spanish translations Superman wore a cape Lauren SIEBEN: Revision of texts in English and editor assistant más+menos student magazine apes may be normal in Krypton, but on worse, once people get used to them, they’re and respect. After all, they’re just an exagger- fall 2011 Cplanet Earth they’re kind of weird. taken for granted. ated version of us. www.ciee.org/masmenos In one of my favourite absurd dialogues All superheroes are gifted—or cursed— In the pages of más+menos 17, we’ve tried seville study center from the iconic ‘90s sitcom “Seinfeld,” George with some sort of superpower, and they won’t to cover the whole superhero spectrum, even Constanza, the plump, middle-aged maniac be left alone until they put it to what the gener- including the cursed ones. We have stories played by Jason Alexander, gets quite upset al consensus thinks might be a good use. That about stars that once shined brightly, iconic when he realizes that his parents are planning is why, utterly disappointed by our selfishness, figures who died young, brave bullfighters who to divorce. As an only child, the mere idea many superheroes end up venturing into the become pathologically shy out of the spot- contents of having to celebrate two separate Thanks- dark side. -
Reflections on Discrimination
WERTHEIMER_POST AUTHOR EDIT.DOC 2/26/2007 1:23:23 PM Reflections on Discrimination ALAN WERTHEIMER* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 945 II. DISCRIMINATION................................................................................................ 947 A. The Rhetoric of Discrimination................................................................ 947 B. What Makes Discrimination Wrong?....................................................... 948 C. How Wrong Is Discrimination? ............................................................... 951 D. Mating as Discrimination ........................................................................ 957 III. REACTION QUALIFICATION REVISITED ............................................................... 959 A. Laundering Preferences........................................................................... 969 B. Public and Private ................................................................................... 972 C. Perfectionism ........................................................................................... 975 I. INTRODUCTION I take it that my principal qualification for being asked to participate in the workshop that gave rise to this paper is that I published an article, Jobs, Qualifications, and Preferences (JQP) in 1983, in which I discussed an issue that had not received sufficient attention.1 Arguments for affirmative action frequently appealed to the social and psychological -
'Where We Would Extend the Moral
‘WHERE WE WOULD EXTEND THE MORAL POWER OF OUR CIVILIZATION’: AMERICAN CULTURAL AND POLITICAL FOREIGN RELATIONS WITH CHINA, 1843-1856 A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Mathew T. Brundage December 2015 © Copyright All rights reserved Except for previously published materials Dissertation written by Mathew T. Brundage B.A., Capital University, 2005 M.A., Kent State University, 2007 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2015 Approved by ________________________________ Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Mary Ann Heiss, Ph.D. ________________________________ Kevin Adams, Ph.D. ________________________________ Gang Zhao, Ph.D. ________________________________ James Tyner, Ph.D. Accepted by ________________________________ Chair, Department of History Kenneth Bindas, Ph.D. ________________________________ Dean, College of Arts and Sciences James L. Blank, Ph.D. TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………….. iii LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………... iv PREFACE ………………………………………………………………... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………….. vii INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………… 1 CHAPTERS I. Chapter 1: China as Mystery ……………………………… 30 II. Chapter 2: China as Opportunity ..………………………… 84 III. Chapter 3: China as a Flawed Empire………………………146 IV. Chapter 4: China as a Threat ………………………………. 217 V. Chapter 5: Redefining “Success” in the Sino-American Relationship ……………………………………………….. 274 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………….. 317 APPENDIX………………………………………………………………… 323 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………. -
1. Missionary Journal, “Chinese Character” This Article Was
1. Missionary Journal, “Chinese Character” This article was published in a Protestant missionary journal, based in Canton, that operated from 1832 until 1851. Its readership included both the foreigners living in Canton and home religious communities in Britain and the United States. It is worthwhile noting that the title of the article places the author in the position of knowledgeable observer, thereby rendering his comments both “factual” and honest. The author maintains a sympathetic attitude towards Chinese women, citing their beauty and charm, yet paints them as victims of insensitive males and an oppressive culture, presuming an invisible sorrow shared by all women in China. Confucianism is named as the primary offender, and Christian conversion the sole savior. One may presume that this portrayal of delicate Chinese women as victims of brutish Confucianism helped to excite enthusiasm for the missionary cause in China both at home and abroad. Source: Lay, G. Tradescant. “Remarks on Chinese Character and Customs.” Chinese Repository 12 (1843): 139-142. No apology can or ought to be made in the behalf of the unfeeling practice of spoiling the feet of the female. It had its origin solely in pride, which after the familiar adage, is said to feel no pain. It is deemed, however, such an essential among the elements of feminine beauty, that nothing save the sublimer considerations of Christianity will ever wean them from the infatuation. The more reduced this useful member is, the more graceful and becoming it is thought to be. When gentlemen are reciting the unparalleled charms of Súchau ladies they seldom forget to mention the extreme smallness of the foot, as that which renders them complete, and lays the topstone upon all the rest of their personal accomplishments. -
The New Orphic Review
1 The New Orphic Review Editor-in-Chief Ernest Hekkanen Copy & Associate Editor Margrith Schraner Managing Editor Michael Connor _______________________________________________________ 2 Contents Copyright © THE NEW ORPHIC REVIEW for the authors First North American Serial Rights Reserved ISSN 1480-5243 The New Orphic Review, a journal devoted to publishing fiction, po- etry, reviews and essays, is published two times per year by New Or- phic Publishers. The review accepts no financial assistance from gov- ernment sources, but will accept advertising. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE: The New Orphic Review, 1095 Victoria Drive, Vancouver, British Co- lumbia, Canada, V5L 4G3. Make sure all inquires and manuscripts are accompanied by an SASE and that the return postage is Canadian. Manuscripts with insufficient return postage will be held for six months and then discarded. Payment to contributors is one copy of the review in which the au- thor’s work appears. The New Orphic Review purchases First North American Serial Rights only. Opinions expressed by contributors are not necessarily those of The New Orphic Review. SUBSCRIPTIONS PER YEAR (2 ISSUES) Individuals Canada $25 (CAD) Institutions Canada $30 (CAD) USA $25 (US) USA $30 (US) Individual issues $15.00 CAD or US as applicable. ADVERTISEMENTS (BLACK & WHITE CAMERA-READY ONLY): Inside covers: Other pages: Half pages: $200 CAD, $175 US $150 CAD, $125 US $75 CAD, $60 US Subscriptions and advertisements should be sent to the above ad- dress. Cheques should be made out to The New Orphic Review. -
Volume 2, Issue 1 January—February 2018
The Journal of CESNUR $ Volume 2, Issue 1 January—February 2018 $ The Journal of CESNUR $ Director-in-Charge | Direttore responsabile Marco Respinti Editor-in-Chief | Direttore Massimo Introvigne Center for Studies on New Religions, Turin, Italy Associate Editor | Vicedirettore PierLuigi Zoccatelli Pontifical Salesian University, Turin, Italy Editorial Board / International Consultants Milda Ališauskienė Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania Eileen Barker London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom Luigi Berzano University of Turin, Turin, Italy Antoine Faivre École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, France Holly Folk Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA Liselotte Frisk Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden J. Gordon Melton Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA Susan Palmer McGill University, Montreal, Canada Stefania Palmisano University of Turin, Turin, Italy Bernadette Rigal-Cellard Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Bordeaux, France Instructions for Authors and submission guidelines can be found on our website at www.cesnur.net. ISSN: 2532-2990 The Journal of CESNUR is published bi-monthly by CESNUR (Center for Studies on New Religions), Via Confienza 19, 10121 Torino, Italy. $ The Journal of CESNUR $ Volume 2, Issue 1, January—February 2018 Contents Articles 3 Anti-Cult Campaigns in China and the Case of The Church of Almighty God: An Introduction PierLuigi Zoccatelli 13 Xie Jiao as “Criminal Religious Movements”: A New Look at Cult Controversies in China and Around the World Massimo Introvigne 33 The List: -
Stony Brook University
SSStttooonnnyyy BBBrrrooooookkk UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy The official electronic file of this thesis or dissertation is maintained by the University Libraries on behalf of The Graduate School at Stony Brook University. ©©© AAAllllll RRRiiiggghhhtttsss RRReeessseeerrrvvveeeddd bbbyyy AAAuuuttthhhooorrr... The Making of National Women: Gender, Nationalism and Social Mobilization in China’s Anti-Japanese War of Resistance, 1937-45 A Dissertation Presented by Dewen Zhang to The Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Stony Brook University December 2013 Copyright by Dewen Zhang 2013 Stony Brook University The Graduate School Dewen Zhang We, the dissertation committee for the above candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree, hereby recommend acceptance of this dissertation. Iona Man-Cheong – Dissertation Advisor Associate Professor, Department of History Nancy Tomes - Chairperson of Defense Professor, Department of History Victoria Hesford Assistant Professor, Department of Cultural Analysis and Theory Danke Li Professor, Department of History Fairfield University This dissertation is accepted by the Graduate School Charles Taber Dean of the Graduate School ii Abstract of the Dissertation The Making of National Women: Gender, Nationalism and Social Mobilization in China’s Anti-Japanese War of Resistance, 1937-45 by Dewen Zhang Doctor of Philosophy in History Stony Brook University 2013 Drawing on materials from the Second Historical Archive of China, the Rockefeller Archive Center, the Special Collection of American Bureau for Medical Aid to China, as well as other published and unpublished materials gathered in mainland China, Taiwan and the U.S., this dissertation discusses a broad spectrum of women of various social and political affiliations performed a wide range of work to mobilize collective resistance against Japanese aggression. -
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Children on the Margins: The Global Politics of Orphanage Care in Contemporary China Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4434c760 Author Wang, Leslie Kim Publication Date 2010 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Children on the Margins: The Global Politics of Orphanage Care in Contemporary China By Leslie Kim Wang A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Thomas B. Gold, Co-Chair Professor Barrie Thorne, Co-Chair Professor Marion Fourcade-Gourinchas Professor You-Tien Hsing Fall 2010 Abstract Children on the Margins: The Global Politics of Orphanage Care in China by Leslie Kim Wang Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology University of California, Berkeley Professor Thomas B. Gold, Co-Chair Professor Barrie Thorne, Co-Chair Since beginning its rapid transition to a market economy in 1978, the People’s Republic of China has sought to become internationally dominant. In order to develop human capital and labor power, it has implemented a range of ideologically-driven policies that have been geared towards improving the overall mental, moral and physical “quality” (suzhi) of the population. The current criteria for assessing the individual value of citizens have resulted in new lines of stratification being drawn among children. As a result, healthy rural daughters and special needs children in particular are now considered unworthy of intensive investment and face a higher likelihood of being abandoned to state care. -
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
BEN-GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV THE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LITERATURES AND LINGUISTICS THE REPRESENTATION OF JEWISH MASCULINITY IN CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN SITCOMS THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS SHANY ROZENBLATT 021692256 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF: PROF. EFRAIM SICHER November 2014 BEN-GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV THE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LITERATURES AND LINGUISTICS THE REPRESENTAION OF JEWISH MASCULINITY IN CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN SITCOMS THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS SHANY ROZENBLATT 021692256 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF: PROF. EFRAIM SICHER Signature of student: ________________ Date: _________ Signature of supervisor: ________________ Date: _________ Signature of chairperson of the committee for graduate studies: _______________ Date: _________ November 2014 Abstract This thesis explores the representation of Jewish characters in contemporary American television comedies in order to determine whether Jews are still depicted stereotypically as emasculate. The thesis compares Jewish and non-Jewish masculinities in American Television sitcom characters in shows airing from the 1990's to the present: Seinfeld, Friends, and The Big Bang Theory. The thesis asks whether there is a difference between the representation of Jews and non-Jews in sitcoms, a genre where most men are mocked for problematic masculinity. The main goal of the thesis is to find out whether old stereotypes regarding Jewish masculinity – the "jew" as weak, diseased, perverted and effeminate – still exist, and how the depiction of Jewish characters relates to the Jews' assimilation and acceptance in America. -
Chapter Five Absenting the Chinese Man in the Ancestor Game In
113 Chapter Five Absenting the Chinese Man in The Ancestor Game The novel retells again and again the story of the person who is marooned on some kind of island of metaphor and who comes upon the tracks of another self. But always it is the story of the isolated self seeking to transcend its isolation by becoming the other, the other self, through communication of the subjective reality of the self. When we were children we all asked someone close to us the awesome question, What is it really like to be you? (Alex Miller, "Chasing My Tale" 6) In an interview, Alex Miller has said that The Ancestor Game was written for a Chinese artist friend: "I followed his experience. I wanted to validate him" (Ryle 1). Notwithstanding that the character Lang Tzu Feng is at one point described as having a "mischievous, primate quality of cunning" (17), Alex Miller's The Ancestor Game (1992) has one of the more sympathetic representations of a Chinese man in recent Australian literature. Although it presents a sympathetic representation, The Ancestor Game is also predicated upon the displacement of that Chinese male subject by another. Representation, as Sneja Gunew tells us, involves two meanings, "on the one hand... as 'depiction' and on the other as 'delegation' (speaking for)" ("Playing" 87). Within this "speaking for" we can see representation is also an impulse to displace. In the second of these meanings a line of authority is assumed, a position vis-a-vis the one who is spoken for. However representation is also a practice in the absence of the one spoken for, and despite Miller's validating intentions of "speaking for", I will argue in this chapter that it is also possible to detect how ambivalent, limiting and marginalising this representation as depiction of a Chinese man is across the text, and how it is predominantly a practice of absenting the other.