DOCSLIB.ORG

Validation of the MEASURE Automobile Emissions Model: a Statistical Analysis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Validation of the MEASURE Automobile Emissions Model: a Statistical Analysis Validation of the MEASURE Automobile Emissions Model: A Statistical Analysis IGNATIUS FOMUNUNG Clark Atlanta University SIMON WASHINGTON RANDALL GUENSLER WILLIAM BACHMAN Georgia Institute of Technology ABSTRACT This paper details the results of an external vali- dation effort for the hot stabilized option current- ly included in the Mobile Emissions Assessment System for Urban and Regional Evaluation (MEASURE). The MEASURE model is one of sev- eral new modal emissions models designed to improve predictions of CO, HC, and NOx for the on-road vehicle fleet. Mathematical algorithms within MEASURE predict hot stabilized emission rates for various motor vehicle technology groups as a function of the conditions under which the vehicles are operating, specifically various aggre- gate measures of their speed and acceleration pro- files. Validation of these algorithms is performed on an independent data set using three statistical criteria. Statistical comparisons of the predictive performance of the MEASURE and MOBILE5a models indicate that the MEASURE algorithms provide significant improvements in both average emission estimates and explanatory power over MOBILE5a for all three pollutants across almost every operating cycle tested. In addition, the MEASURE model appears to be less biased, the most critical model performance measure for point-estimate forecasts, than MOBILE5a. Ignatius W. Fomunung, Department of Engineering, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314. E-mail: [email protected]. 65 INTRODUCTION and Shih 1996). Despite this recognition, few Emission rate model uncertainties in currently advances have been made in quantifying the effect employed regional emissions models arise in part of driving behavior on emissions, except for Shih et because emission rates rely primarily on average al. (1997), who used throttle position distributions speed as the dominant, continuous, independent to represent driver behavior, albeit with mixed variable in the regression analysis. However, many results. Their research provides evidence that throt- factors, both continuous and discrete, in addition tle position distributions might be used to reflect to average speed, affect the net load demanded of differences in driving behavior, but such models an engine, which in turn affects a vehicle’s resultant still need refinement. The forecasting of throttle emissions. These factors include roadway grade, position distributions, which interact with specific rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag, engine speed, driver types, facility types, and trip purposes, may engine friction losses, transmission losses, vehicle prove too difficult. mass, power consumption of accessories, and so Emerging Models forth. Numerous references identify these factors as influential in the formulation of various pollu- Efforts at improving motor vehicle emissions have tants; however, they are largely omitted in current- occupied researchers for quite some time. Cadle et ly employed emission prediction algorithms al. (1997) recently summarized advances in real- (Guensler 1993). world motor vehicle emissions modeling. The U.S. Cicero-Fernandez et al. (1997a; 1997b) demon- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is current- strated that emissions from an individual vehicle ly revising the MOBILE5a emissions rate model. may increase by a factor of two when driven on an MOBILE6 promises to provide significant improve- uphill grade, yet current inventory models do not ments in terms of representing modal impacts on account for grade. In addition, real-world driving emissions rates because supplemental driving cycles conditions, in terms of speed/acceleration distribu- that mimic on-road conditions under various levels tions and/or traces, are not well represented in the of congestion are being used to develop cycle-based current models. The Federal Test Procedure (FTP), speed correction factors. New certification testing appropriately used to develop baseline emissions cycles also promise to reduce the frequency of on- factors, does not capture the extremes of emission- road enrichment. The USO6 cycle represents emis- producing activities associated with aggressive dri- sions in aggressive driving, and the SCO3 cycle ving. Jimenez-Palacio (1999), using a new reflects the effects of accessory loads like air condi- definition of specific power, calculated the maxi- tioning usage, power steering, and so forth. mum specific power of the FTP to be approximate- Modal modeling approaches are also currently ly 22 kilowatts per metric ton. More telling, the under development. A modal emissions model research indicates that the onset of commanded being developed at the University of California, enrichment for many vehicles occurs at this maxi- Riverside by An et al. (1997) is based on 300 vehi- mum. Commanded enrichment is responsible for cles tested under a variety of laboratory driving elevated or “super” emissions, which can be one to cycles. Two modal approaches developed at the several orders of magnitude higher than emissions Georgia Institute of Technology are included in the obtained under stoichiometric engine operation. As GIS-based modal emission model: an aggregate a result, a large proportion of commanded enrich- modal model based on statistical analysis of his- ment is not likely to appear under the FTP. toric laboratory data (Guensler et al. 1998) and a Driver behavior may also be an important load-based prediction module based on analysis of source of uncertainty and variability in motor vehi- instrumented vehicle data (Rodgers 1995). cle emissions (Bishop et al. 1996). A study of For the past six years, the Georgia Tech Re- repeated measurements on the IM240 driving cycle search Partnership has been developing a research- indicates that driver behavior may be responsible grade motor vehicle emissions model within a for potentially order-of-magnitude differences in geographic information system (GIS) framework. emissions for clean low-emitting vehicles (Webster Once validation and peer review efforts are com- 66 JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION AND STATISTICS SEPTEMBER 2000 plete, MEASURE may serve as an alternative or sup- option currently included in MEASURE. The perfor- plement to the current MOBILE5a model. The mances of MEASURE and MOBILE5a are compared aggregate modal model within MEASURE predicts using mean absolute prediction errors, linear corre- emissions from light-duty vehicles. The Georgia lation coefficients between observed and predicted Tech aggregate modal model predicts emissions as a emissions, and mean prediction errors. Results are function of vehicle operating mode, representing a provided for each driving cycle and for vehicle tech- spectrum of vehicle operating conditions including nology classes. cruise, acceleration, deceleration, idle, and the power demand conditions that lead to enrichment, MEASURE AGGREGATE MODAL MODELS that is, high fuel to air ratios. The model accounts In the context of this paper, the term “model” for interactions between specific vehicle fleet charac- refers to a mathematical algorithm or expression teristics and vehicle operating modes. For each tech- that relates emissions measurements to various nology group within a light-duty motor vehicle fleet, explanatory variables. The model estimation data the relationships between modal activity and emis- consisted of more than 13,000 laboratory tests sions can differ significantly. The framework allows conducted by EPA and the California Air Re- for facility-level aggregations of microscopic traffic sources Board (CARB) using standardized test simulation or disaggregation of traditional macro- cycle conditions, as well as alternative driving scopic four-step travel demand forecasting models to cycles (Fomunung et al. 1999). The aggregate develop emission-specific vehicle activity data. modal model algorithms presented below were The aggregate modal model within MEASURE estimated using the logarithm of the emission rate employs emission rates based on theoretical ratio for each pollutant as a response variable engine-emissions relationships that have been (Fomunung et al. 1999). The ratio is the emission modeled using various statistical techniques rate (in grams per second) (g/sec) for a vehicle dri- (Fomunung et al. 1999). The emissions rate mod- ven on a given cycle (or equivalently across a els have been estimated through a process that uti- specified speed/acceleration matrix), divided by lizes the best aspects of hierarchical tree-based that vehicle’s emissions rate (g/sec) obtained from regression (HTBR) (Breiman et al. 1984) and ordi- the FTP bag 2 testing cycle. MEASURE’s nary least squares (OLS) regression. The relation- Aggregate Modal Model predicts the ratio of ships are dependent on both modal and vehicle g/sec emission rates for several vehicle technology technology variables, and they are “aggregate” in groups. The following sequence of equations the sense that they rely on bag data to derive their shows the method for calculating the predicted modal activities (Washington 1994). Thus, they are emissions rates for each pollutant in units of suitable for existing aggregate approaches con- ~ either g/sec (␺) or g/mile (␺ ): tained within the travel demand modeling (TDM) ␺ ␺~ ϫ framework. i = i DIST / DUR (1), ␺ ␺~ ϫ Although much effort has been conducted and ibag2 = ibag2 3.91/866 (2), reported in the literature on the emission algorithms and within MEASURE, little has been done toward the R = P / ␺ (3). external validation of the MEASURE emissions pre- i i ibag2
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Modèle Document
    AVISO DT CorSSH and DT SLA Product Handbook Reference: CLS-DOS-NT-08.341 Nomenclature: - Issue: 2 rev 0 Date: October 2012 Aviso Altimetry 8-10 rue Hermès, 31520 Ramonville St Agne, France – [email protected] DT CorSSH and DT SLA Product Handbook CLS-DOS-NT-08.341 Iss :2.9 - date : 28/02/2012 - Nomenclature: - i.1 Chronology Issues: Issue: Date: Reason for change: 1.0 2005/07/18 1st issue 1.1 2005/11/08 Processing of ERS-2 data 1.2 2005/10/17 Processing of GFO data 1.3 2008/06/10 New standards for corrections and models for Jason-1 1.4 2008/08/07 New standards for corrections and models for Envisat after cycle 65. 1.5 2008/12/18 New standards for corrections and models for Jason-1 GDR-C. 1.6 2010/03/05 New standards for Jason-2 1.7 2010/06/08 New standards for corrections and/or models Processing of ERS-1 data 1.8 2011/04/14 Correction of table 2 1.9 2012/02/28 Specification of the reading routines for SLA files only 2.0 2012/10/16 New geodetic orbit for Jason-1 (c≥500) New version D for Jason-2 (c≥146) D : page deleted I : page inserted M : page modified DT CorSSH and DT SLA Product Handbook CLS-DOS-NT-08.341 Iss :2.9 - date : 28/02/2012 - Nomenclature: - i.2 List of Acronyms: ATP Along Track Product Aviso Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic data Cersat Centre ERS d’Archivage et de Traitement CLS Collecte, Localisation, Satellites CMA Centre Multimissions Altimetriques Cnes Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales CorSSH Corrected Sea Surface Height Doris Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated
    [Show full text]
  • USE and MAINTENANCE MANUAL
    USE and MAINTENANCE MANUAL -Steam sterilizer- FOREWORD This manual must be considered an integral part of the sterilizer, and must always be available to users. The manual must always accompany the sterilizer, even if it is sold to another user. All operators are responsible for reading this manual and for strictly complying with the instructions and information it provides. COMINOX is not liable for any damage to people, things, or the sterilizer itself in the event that the operator fails to comply with the conditions described in the manual. These instructions are confidential and the customer may not disclose any information to third parties. Further, this documentation and its attachments may not be tampered with or modified, copied, or ceded to third parties without authorization from COMINOX. 2 Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................ 3 Reference index .............................................................................................................................. 6 Graphic representation of references Mod. 18 ......................................................................... 7 Graphic representation of references Mod. 24 ......................................................................... 8 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 11 GENERAL SUPPLY CONDITIONS .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • User's Manual
    FCModeler User’s Manual Version 1.0 September 2002 Written by Zach Cox Julie Dickerson Adam Tomjack Copyright Julie Dickerson, Iowa State University 2002 Table of Contents 1 Introduction to FCModeler .....................................................................................................1 2 Setting Up FCModeler............................................................................................................ 1 2.1 Setting up the FCModelerConfig File............................................................................. 1 2.2 Running FCModeler....................................................................................................... 1 3 Sources of Input ...................................................................................................................... 1 3.1 Graph XML Files............................................................................................................ 1 3.1.1 XML Format ........................................................................................................... 1 3.1.2 Example of a Complete XML File.......................................................................... 5 3.1.3 Opening a Graph XML File.................................................................................... 6 3.1.4 Saving a Graph XML File....................................................................................... 7 3.1.5 Saving a JPEG Image of the Graph ........................................................................ 8 3.2 MySQL Database...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Thema4 Process Controller - No
    FEDEGARI STERILIZER FOAF NA1343AN Doc. no. 147854-3 FUNCTIONAL DESIGN SPECIFICATION Page 2 of 26 CONTENTS 1. Scope of Supply ........................................................................................................4 2. Operational ................................................................................................................5 3. Utilities Required demands ......................................................................................6 3.1 Environmental Conditions Requested for Installation............................................................................6 3.2 Others ....................................................................................................................................................6 4. Process Description..................................................................................................7 4.1 Saturated Steam Cycles........................................................................................................................8 4.2 Air-over-steam cycles ..........................................................................................................................10 4.3 Programs Included in Delivery.............................................................................................................11 4.4 Autoclave Performances .....................................................................................................................12 5. Mechanical Construction........................................................................................13
    [Show full text]
  • Theory, Synthesis, and Application of Adiabatic and Reversible Logic
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 11-23-2013 Theory, Synthesis, and Application of Adiabatic and Reversible Logic Circuits For Security Applications Matthew Arthur Morrison University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Computer Engineering Commons Scholar Commons Citation Morrison, Matthew Arthur, "Theory, Synthesis, and Application of Adiabatic and Reversible Logic Circuits For Security Applications" (2013). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5082 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Theory, Synthesis, and Application of Adiabatic and Reversible Logic Circuits For Security Applications by Matthew A. Morrison A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering University of South Florida Major Professor: Nagarajan Ranganathan, Ph.D. Sanjukta Bhanja, Ph.D. Srinivas Katkoori, Ph.D. Jay Ligatti, Ph.D. Kandethody Ramachandran, Ph.D. Hao Zheng, Ph.D. Date of Approval: November 22, 2013 Keywords: Charge Based Computing, DPA Attacks, Encryption, Memory, Power Copyright © 2014, Matthew A. Morrison DEDICATION To my parents, Alfred and Kathleen Morrison, and to my grandparents, Arthur and Betty Kempf, and Alfred and Dorothy Morrison, for making all the opportunities I have possible. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Being a Potential Waveform As an Experiential Choice
    Alternative view of segmented documents via Kairos 17 September 2013 | Draft Being a Waveform of Potential as an Experiential Choice Emergent dynamic qualities of identity and integrity -- / -- Introduction Exploring physical waves by playing analogy leapfrog Metaphorical waves with psychosocial implications Social implications of waves Eliciting psychosocial creativity through analogy Psychosocial potential of analogy detection Beyond explanations of whatever sophistication Waves and consciousness Being a waveform Attraction to curved forms as a vital clue Identification with waves of embodied movement Social initiatives as unrecognized waveforms Animations variously suggestive of "being a waveform" References The argument here is developed further in a second part (Encountering Otherness as a Waveform: in the light of a wave theory of being, 2013) and in an uncompleted third part (Clues to Comprehension through Wave Language: evoking Homo undulans, 2013) Introduction The variety of disciplines and beliefs suggest a multiplicity of ways through which an individual may choose to be framed and identified - - or have experience of life defined. Many take the form of assertions by authorities which deprecate and scorn ways calling their particular belief into question. This dynamic context does little for those born into it and faced with the confusion of how to live a meaningful life. The challenge can itself be variously discussed, as explored separately (Self-reflexive Challenges of Integrative Futures, 2008; Living as an Imaginal Bridge between Worlds, 2011; Paradoxes of Engaging with the Ultimate in any Guise, 2012). With the explosion of variously available knowledge to which it is only minimally possible to attend, incomprehension and uncertainty become ever more significant experientially (Living with Incomprehension and Uncertainty, 2012; Towards the Dynamic Art of Partial Comprehension, 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • Preface, Tables of Content, Front Matter
    This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Measuring Business Cycles Volume Author/Editor: Arthur F. Burns and Wesley C. Mitchell Volume Publisher: NBER Volume ISBN: 0-870-14085-X Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/burn46-1 Publication Date: 1946 Chapter Title: Preface, tables of content, front matter Chapter Author: Arthur F. Burns, Wesley C. Mitchell Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c2979 Chapter pages in book: (p. -27 - 0) NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH Studies in Business Cycles No.2 MEASURING BUSINESS CYCLES I NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1964 OFFICERS Albert J. Hettinger. Jr., Chairman Arthur F. Burns, President Frank W. Fetter, Vice.President Donald B. Woodward, Treasurer Solomon Fabricant, Director of Research Geoffrey H. Moore, Associate Director of Research Hal B. Lary, Associate Director of Research William J. Carson, Executive Director DIRECrORS ATLARGE 1. RobertB. Anderson, New York City present Wallace J. Campbell, Nationwide insurance inhparti Erwin D. Canham, Christian Science Monitor Solomon Fabricant, New York Unwersity that th Marion B. Folsom. Eastman Kodak Company 2. Crawford H. Grecnewalt. E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company Gabriel Hauge, Manufacturers Hanover Trust Cosnpany 3. A. J. Hayes. international Association of Machinists or to it Albert J. Hettinger. Jr.. Lazard Frères and Company Nicholas Kelley. Keltey Diye New/salt Maginnes & Warren H. W. Laidler. League for Industrial Democracy 4. Charles G. Mortimer, General Foods Corporation submjti George B. Roberts, Larch,nont. New York their u Harry Schernsan. Itook.of.the.Month Club Boris Shishkin.
    [Show full text]
  • UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Using Blinking to Mitigate Passive Side Channel Attacks and Fault Attacks Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8md473kk Author Blackstone, Jeremy Publication Date 2021 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO Using Blinking to Mitigate Passive Side Channel Attacks and Fault Attacks A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science by Jeremy Blackstone Committee in charge: Professor Ryan Kastner, Chair Professor Sean Gao Professor Truong Nguyen Professor Lawrence Saul Professor Geoff Voelker 2021 Copyright Jeremy Blackstone, 2021 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Jeremy Blackstone is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically. University of California San Diego 2021 iii DEDICATION To my wife Abigail Blackstone for reading and giving feedback on research papers regarding topics she is unfamiliar with and being the inspiration to finish them. iv EPIGRAPH Failure is simply the opportunity to begin again, this time more intelligently. Henry Ford v TABLE OF CONTENTS Dissertation Approval Page . iii Dedication . iv Epigraph . v Table of Contents . vi List of Figures . ix List of Tables . xi Acknowledgements . xii Vita........................................................................ xiii Abstract of the Dissertation . xiv Chapter 1 Background . 1 1.1 Cryptographic Algorithms . 1 1.1.1 AES . 2 1.1.2 PRESENT . 4 1.2 Passive Side Channel Attacks. 6 1.2.1 Power Analysis . 6 1.2.2 Electromagnetic Analysis Attacks . 10 1.3 Fault Analysis Attacks .
    [Show full text]
  • Online Card Management Administration Guide
    CentreSuite Online Card Management Administration Guide Purpose and Audience This guide is intended for Bank Administrators. This guide describes card management features and provides procedures for setting up and managing accounts, users, sites, and system settings. NOTE: Not all sections of this guide are applicable to Regions clients using the CentreSuite online card management platform. Online Card Management Administration Guide ii Copyright ©2018, Total System Services, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide. The information in this document is confidential and proprietary and is distributed to TSYS clients for their exclusive use in operating TSYS applications. It may not be reproduced in any form without prior written permission from TSYS, One TSYS Way, Columbus, GA 31901-4222. Total System Services, Inc.® and TSYS® are federally registered service marks of Total System Services, Inc. in the United States. Total System Services, Inc. owns a number of service marks which are registered in the United States and in other countries. All other products and company names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. DRAFT Table of Contents iii About this guide . 1- 1 What is Online Card Management? . 1- 1 Using this guide with your Online Card Management application . 1- 1 Who should read this guide? . 1- 1 What is an administrator? . 1- 2 Using online help to find information . 1- 3 Log On and Self-Register . 2- 1 Log on to Online Card Management . 2- 1 Register to use Online Card Management . 2- 3 Change your password . 2-10 Edit your personal information . 2-12 Unlock your account or reset your password .
    [Show full text]
  • United States
    Hanoi 191208 Wikipedia SyHung2020 United States From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) The United States of America (commonly referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories, or insular areas, scattered around the Caribbean and Pacific. At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with about 305 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and third largest by land area and by population. The United States is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries.[7] The U.S. economy is the largest national economy in the world, with an estimated 2008 gross domestic product (GDP) of US$14.3 trillion (23% of the world total based on nominal GDP and almost 21% at purchasing power parity).[4][8] .. The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlantic seaboard.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO Using Blinking to Mitigate
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO Using Blinking to Mitigate Passive Side Channel Attacks and Fault Attacks A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science by Jeremy Blackstone Committee in charge: Professor Ryan Kastner, Chair Professor Sean Gao Professor Truong Nguyen Professor Lawrence Saul Professor Geoff Voelker 2021 Copyright Jeremy Blackstone, 2021 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Jeremy Blackstone is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically. University of California San Diego 2021 iii DEDICATION To my wife Abigail Blackstone for reading and giving feedback on research papers regarding topics she is unfamiliar with and being the inspiration to finish them. iv EPIGRAPH Failure is simply the opportunity to begin again, this time more intelligently. Henry Ford v TABLE OF CONTENTS Dissertation Approval Page . iii Dedication . iv Epigraph . v Table of Contents . vi List of Figures . ix List of Tables . xi Acknowledgements . xii Vita........................................................................ xiii Abstract of the Dissertation . xiv Chapter 1 Background . 1 1.1 Cryptographic Algorithms . 1 1.1.1 AES . 2 1.1.2 PRESENT . 4 1.2 Passive Side Channel Attacks. 6 1.2.1 Power Analysis . 6 1.2.2 Electromagnetic Analysis Attacks . 10 1.3 Fault Analysis Attacks . 12 1.3.1 Differential Fault Analysis . 12 1.3.2 Fault Sensitivity Analysis . 23 1.3.3 Biased Fault Analysis . 26 1.3.4 Combined Fault Analysis . 28 1.4 Threat Model . 29 1.5 Passive Side Channel Countermeasures . 30 1.6 Fault Analysis Countermeasures . 30 1.6.1 Masking .
    [Show full text]
  • Monophonic Piano Music Transcription
    ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(28), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i28/97359, July 2016 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645 Monophonic Piano Music Transcription Yong Yee Zien* and Yap Fa Toh School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang - 11800, Malaysia; [email protected], [email protected] Abstract This paper proposes a method for computational monophonic piano music transcription, which detects the pitches of piano music and thus to identify the corresponding musical notations. This computational music transcription method consists of two main algorithms, which are Onset Detection Algorithm and Pitch Detection Algorithm. The Onset Detection methodAlgorithm and involves they are sound built wavebased filtering on the observation and sound waveof characteristics segmentation. of pianoAnd the sound Pitch signal. Detection The programAlgorithm is involvesfast and simpleperiod determination, frequency computation and musical notation identification. These proposed algorithms adopt time- domain input only, that is the monophonic piano music with slow or average speed up to 120 crotchet beats per minute. It is becauseto use, and the able performances to output result of the with algorithms 88% accuracy. are dependent However, on this the musicthreshold transcription values set method in the program. is limited Therefore, to specific further sound investigation and research have to be carried out in order to improve the performance of the program. Keywords: Automatic Music Transcription, Onset Detection Algorithm, Pitch Detection Algorithm 1. Introduction is only able to transcribe monophonic music, which is less complex if compared to polyphonic music. Music transcription is a process of writing musical The current work focuses on the monophonic piano notations based solely on a recording of music.
    [Show full text]