Chapter 6, Parks, Recreation, & Natural Resources (Adopted 05.14.13) 6.1

Adopted 6.0 05.14.13 Parks, Recreation, & Natural Resources

INTRODUCTION City parks are dynamic institutions that play a vital, but not fully appreciated or understood role in the social, economic, and physical well-being of America’s cities and residents. Notable landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted designed America’s first urban parks in the 19th Century. These green spaces provided relief from the numerous stresses and strains of urban living and brought people together across social, economic, and racial divides. During the post World War II years people shied away from urban centers, preferring suburban homesteads with spacious yards. During these years the quality of the nation’s park systems suffered enormously from disinvestment and disinterest. Many parks have yet to fully recover.

As cities across the country find that populations are being attracted back into more urbanized areas, revitalized park systems and recreation facilities are becoming central themes of this urban renaissance. They are not only safe and beautiful, but parks also aid in addressing critical urban issues from health to housing, to education and tourism - all of which are discussed in greater detail throughout the chapter. 6.2 City of Plainview, Texas (Adopted 05.14.13)

PURPOSE • Provide citizens of all ages positive recreational opportunities in clean, safe and In order for the City of Plainview to maintain accessible facilities; and its current population level and attract future • Preserve the City’s quality living environment populations, it must place a priority on improving for future generations.1 economic well-being and enhancing quality of life-related issues, including development and Concurrent with the Parks Department’s revitalization of the City’s parks, recreational responsibilities, the PAC also plays a critical opportunities, trails and open spaces. Parks and role in the implementation of PRTOS initiatives. recreation facilities are an essential part of a The PAC consists of eight board members and healthy and vibrant community environment. They makes recommendations to the City Council in provide the necessary components for events regard to the open space planning, parks, and outside the home, after work, and after school recreation planning and/or purchase, disposal, or 2 activities. Whether for passive or active use, parks trade of such lands. Recommendations involve and recreation facilities are an important part the coordination of the PRTOS master plan, or of everyday active living. Much like streets and future plans, within the City of Plainview Parks sidewalks, water and wastewater; and drainage Department, issues pertaining to open space, facilities, police and fire equipment, and other parks, recreation, or land planning issues, and on municipal facilities and services, parks are an 1 City of Plainview Parks, Recreation, Trails and Open Spaces integral component of the municipal infrastructure. Comprehensive Master Plan (2006). Thus, they warrant a significant level of attention 2 City of Plainview. http://www.plainviewtx.org and commitment of time, financing, and personnel resources. 2006 Parks, Recreation, Trails and Open Spaces This chapter, in coordination with the 2006 Parks, (PRTOS) Goals Recreation, Trails and Open Spaces (PRTOS) Comprehensive Master Plan and other elements 1. The City of Plainview should build, operate and of the Comprehensive Plan, provide direction maintain a system of parks, recreational facilities, over a 20-year planning period to meet current trails and open spaces that are distributed and future parks and recreation needs. It includes throughout the City and responsive to the needs of the policy direction the City should champion Plainview residents. regarding the preservation and conservation 2. The City of Plainview should, as much as practical, of natural areas and open space, timing of park develop and maintain public access to available and trail development, their placement and natural land through direct purchase and public / connectivity within and throughout the City and private partnerships. extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ), and the types of facilities needed and wanted by Plainview citizens. 3. The City of Plainview should build and maintain a system of public exercise trails that provide recreational and mobility opportunities for Plainview Parks, Recreation, Trails and Open residents. Spaces (PRTOS) Comprehensive Master 4. The City of Plainview should provide opportunities Plan (2006) for varied recreation activities and programs that are responsive to the needs of a wide range of Plainview In 2006, Plainvew’s Parks Advisory Commission residents. (PAC) along with the Park Superintendent developed a 25-year master plan designed to 5. The City of Plainview should promote opportunities address future growth, recognizing the crucial for public participation in planning parks, recreation role that the City’s parks, recreation, trails and facilities, trails and open spaces. open spaces play in the vitality and well-being of 6. The City of Plainview should create and promote Plainview and its citizens. It is the mission of the opportunities for private contributions and City of Plainview Parks Department to: volunteerism in the acquisition, construction, • Protect the natural beauty of Plainview operation, and maintenance of parks, recreation through the development of a system of facilities, trails and open spaces. parks, recreation, trails and open spaces; 7. The City of Plainview should participate with other jurisdictions and public sector entities in promoting a region-wide parks, recreation, trails and open spaces system, for recreational as well as educational purposes. Chapter 6, Parks, Recreation, & Natural Resources (Adopted 05.14.13) 6.3

priorities for the allocation / expenditure of funds. goals followed by the standards necessary to Thus, the PAC plays a role in conjunction with the support the City’s need for desirable parks, Parks Department in determining the current and recreation facilities, trails and open spaces - many future successes of Plainview’s PRTOS system. of which are still relevant today. The goals focused on several important issues such as accessibility The 2006 PRTOS Master Plan assessed the and mobility; conservation and preservation; unique needs of the community by conducting public / private partnerships and community an assessment of existing parks, facilities and stakeholder participation; as well as operation and equipment; and surveys (both verbal and written) maintenance responsibilities. in each district. The PRTOS Master Plan listed

The Benefits of Parks in Advancing the Development of Healthy Communities According to the National Recreation and Park environment and recreate outdoors. Association, parks and recreation possess three values • Cities can use parks to help preserve that make them essential services to communities: essential ecological functions and to protect biodiversity. 1. Economic Value • When planned as part of a system of green • Parks improve the local tax base and increase infrastructure, parks can help shape urban form property values. and buffer incompatible uses. • Cities can use parks to reduce public costs for stormwater management, flood control, 3. Social Importance transportation, and other forms of built • Parks are a tangible reflection of the quality infrastructure. of life in a community; providing identity for • Quality parks and recreation are cited as one citizens and enhancing the perception of of the top reasons for business relocation quality of life in the community. decisions. • Parks provide gathering places for social • Parks and recreation programs generate groups and families, as well as for individuals revenue from operating costs. of all ages and economic status, regardless of • Indirect revenues are generated for the local their ability to pay for access. and regional economies through the hosting • By providing gathering places, parks facilitate of sports tournaments and special events such social interactions among residents that are as arts, music, and holiday festivals. Economic critical to maintaining community cohesion activity from hospitality expenditures, tourism, and pride, as well as developing social ties that fuel, recreational equipment sales, and many become the glue that holds the community other private sector businesses yields more together and drives future actions. sustainable local and regional economies. • Voter approval rates for bond measures to acquire parks and conserve open space 2. Public Health and Environmental Benefits has exceeded 75 percent in recent years, • Parks are the places people go to get healthy revealing the public’s prioritization of parks in and stay physically fit. government spending. • Parks and recreation programs and services • Parks and recreation programs provide places contribute to the health of children, youth, for health and well-being that are accessible adults, and seniors. by persons of all ages and abilities, especially • Designing places within which people can to those with disabilities. become physically active can improve • Community involvement in the planning and individual and community health, and result in design of neighborhood parks, as well as an increase of residents who exercise regularly. access to parks and recreation opportunities • Research shows correlations between the are positively associated with lower crime reduction of stress, lowered blood pressure, rates, vandalism, and juvenile delinquency. and perceived physical health and the length • Parks have a value to communities in the of time spent in parks. formation of a sense of public pride and • Parks and other conserved open spaces help cohesion. to improve water quality, protect groundwater, prevent flooding, improve air quality, Source: National Recreation and Parks Association. “Why Parks and Recreation are Essential Public Services.”http://www. produce wildlife habitat, and provide places colchesterct.gov/Pages/ColchesterCT_Dept/PR/forms/Parks- for individuals to connect with the natural Are-Essential-Public-Services.pdf 6.4 City of Plainview, Texas (Adopted 05.14.13) The Central Flyway

Migration is one of the most fascinating aspects of the natural world. Two times per year, billions of birds migrate vast distances across the globe. The geographical area covered by a migratory bird over the course of its annual cycle, encompassing breeding and non-breeding grounds and the connecting migration route, is known as a flyway.1 Sadly, many of the world’s migratory bird species are in critical population declines due to multiple factors, including:

• habitat loss and degradation;

• illegal and unsustainable hunting practices;

• infrastructure development (e.g., power lines, fences, windmills, etc.); and

• climate change and disease.2 Source: http://www.birdnature.com/central.html

The conservation of migratory birds is dependent American Oystercatcher, Black Skimmer, Brown Pelican, upon the international collaboration and coordinated Greater Sage-Grouse, Least Tern, Lesser Prairie-Chicken, conservation initiatives along their flyways. Piping Plover, Reddish Egret, Redhead, Red Knot, Ruddy Typically, migration patterns follow a north-south Turnstone, Sanderling, Sandhill Crane, Snowy Plover, 5 axis with birds relocating to milder climates at lower Whooping Crane, and Wilson’s Plover. 3 latitudes for the duration of their non-breeding season. Birds have an increasing recreational value as eco-tourism Taking on such tremendous journeys can be dangerous (including birdwatching, camping, hiking, nature study as birds are reliant on favorable weather conditions, and photography) has become part of a popular, multi- en route resources and the geographical features they billion dollar industry. According to the U.S. Fish and encounter - such as mountain ranges, watercourses Wildlife Service (USFWS) report Birding in the United and coastlines, avoiding large bodies of open water States: A Demographic and Economic Analysis, more and taking advantage of prevailing wind patterns and people participate in birdwatching than baseball, football, updrafts. Subsequently, a number of species share the basketball and hockey combined. In 2001, birders spent same flyways (especially those with similar biological an estimated $32 billion on wildlife-watching; this includes and ecological trails); for example, waterbirds require a money spent for binoculars, field guides, bird food, bird route that encompasses a variety of highly-productive houses, camping equipment, and travel-related costs such staging sites. In the United States there are three as food and transportation costs, guide fees, etc.6 Forty classified flyways: percent of birders (roughly 18 million Americans) traveled 1. Atlantic Flyway; more than a mile from home to bird watch, visiting a variety of habitats on both private and public lands creating 2. Mississippi Flyway; and economic benefits in many places. This $32 billion that birders spent on wildlife-related recreation generated $85 3. Central Flyway. billion in economic benefits for the nation in 2001. This ripple effect on the economy also produced $13 billion in The Central Flyway is a massive bird migration route, tax revenues and over 863,406 jobs, as outlined by USFWS. covering more than one million square miles across The magnitude of these figures clearly showcases birding North America’s interior. It is composed of the Canadian as a major economic driver, driving billions in spending provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan and the Northwest around the country. Territories, and the states of Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South The Central Flyway provides many places, including Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming.4 The territories within the Plainview, with a variety of nature-based tourism Central Flyway serve over 380 species of birds (not all of opportunities, given that the localities within the flyway which are migratory) - including 16 priority bird species: take action to protect and enhance natural environments and wildlife habitats. For Plainview, the value of planning 1 Kirby, J. S., Stattersfield, A. J., Butchart, S. H. M., Evans, M. I., Grimmett, R. F. A., Jones, V. R., O’Sullivan, J., Tucker, G. M. and and promoting wildlife preservation lies in revenue Newton, I. (2008) Key conservation issues for migratory land- and generation, funding opportunities, and regional interest waterbird species on the world’s major flyways. Bird Conserv. Int. in birdwatching and recreational opportunities. 18: S74–S90. 2 Bird Life International. “Spotlight on flyways.” http://www.birdlife. 5 The National Audubon Society. “Priority Birds.” http://conservation. org audubon.org 3 Newton, I. (2008) The ecology of bird migration. London: Academic 6 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (2001). Birding in the United States: A Press. Demographic and Economic Analysis. 4 Flyways.us. “The Central Flyway.” http://central.flyways.us/ Chapter 6, Parks, Recreation, & Natural Resources (Adopted 05.14.13) 6.5

Through analyzing existing conditions, assessing future. Plainview has a number of opportunities community needs, and incorporating relevant and constraints with regard to the physical issues, this chapter outlines a series of updated environment, fiscal obligations and commitments, goals, strategies, initiatives and actions that will aid and natural resources, all of which are discussed in the City in maintaining and preserving, enhancing further detail in other plan chapters. and developing the existing PRTOS system to provide for the health, safety, and welfare of the The total park and open space acreage in Plainview future citizens of Plainview. This chapter is divided (i.e.,311 acres) is quite substantial for a city of its into six topical areas: size. Virtually all of this open space acreage is within flood hazard / protection areas (i.e. playa lake • Discussion of issues and opportunities basins), which is a traditional practice in parts of affecting parks, recreation, trails and open the country that receive as little as 20 inches of rain space in Plainview. per year and where there are no permanent rivers • Identification and analysis of local resources or streams.3 This both presents an opportunity for in order to determine highest and best uses. habitat conservation and passive recreation, as • Recommended focus areas, strategies, well as a constraint on the intensity of development initiatives and actions for maintaining and and provision of adequate recreational amenities improving Plainview’s PRTOS system, in / provisions. Park areas are scattered throughout addition to conserving and protecting local most of the City, allowing for the opportunity to resources from degradation and disuse. enhance the breadth of the park system service areas, but may also lead to connectivity issues if • Classification, inventory, and existing not planned for and implemented. conditions analysis of park services areas, facilities, programs, and amenities. Two factors that seriously constrain the actual • Needs assessment to gauge the service, usable park and open space area in Plainview, facility, recreational, maintenance, and as cited in the 1989 Comprehensive Plan, are operations requirements of the park system. still relevant today. First, most of the acreage is characterized as open space in that the areas • A Priority Improvement Project (PIP) is are entirely, or almost entirely, undeveloped and identified and improvements conceptualized in a number of instances, poorly maintained and including recommendations and basically unusable, even as passive recreation areas. implementation strategies for improvements Second, the bulk of developed parkland is located to the Travis Trussell Park, also known as the at two points along Running Water Draw, with both “Duck Pond.” points being located far away and disconnected from the majority of Plainview’s population (especially the lower-income populations). While ISSUES & OPPORTUNITIES these serious constraints threaten the success of This Comprehensive Plan element is designed the City’s PRTOS system, they also afford major specifically to inform the City of Plainview of opportunities to develop these areas into unique, potential deficiencies in the provision of parks 3 United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). and recreation facilities presently and in the http://water.epa.gov/type/wetlands/playa.cfm

Playas (Spanish for “beaches”) provide important The shallow, seasonal playa lakes and the plants they water sources for Panhandle farmers and ranchers, as support provide ideal habitat for a variety of wildlife. This well as natural habitats for migratory and indigenous playa in Plainview is full from recent rains and flush with a animals. water-loving vegetation and birds. Source: http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/kids/facts-new.html Source: Kendig Keast Collaborative. 6.6 City of Plainview, Texas (Adopted 05.14.13)

parklands infused with natural, educational, and recreational opportunities.

This long-range planning process supplements the findings of the 2006 PRTOS Comprehensive Master Plan in identifying the following issues and opportunities: • Promote resource conservation and protection; • Provide accessibility and connectivity; Source: http://www.allaboutbirds.org • Enhance quality park facilities, appearance, The Lesser Prairie Chicken and maintenance; and • Establish joint use and financial agreements The lesser prairie chicken once extensively roamed with community stakeholders. the native grasslands of the High and Rolling Plains in the Texas Panhandle. According to the Texas Parks & Wildlife Department (TPWD), by the late 1970s less FOCUS AREAS than 1.2 million acres of lesser prairie chicken habitat remained in the Panhandle. Displayed below is the Throughout the planning process, several issues drastic habitat decrease from 1940 to 1980 in which and opportunities were identified relating to massive quantities of prairie chicken habitat have been the PRTOS system in Plainview, including poor destroyed. Today, the species is a candidate for listing accessibility and connectivity, poorly maintained under the Endangered Species Act. It is “warranted, facilities, and expansive, undeveloped park but precluded” from listing due to more critical bird spaces. Along with analysis of existing conditions, populations, though its population status is reviewed review of current development regulations, and annually in case of drastic declines. local planning practices, these findings formed the foundation for the following focus areas. There are many factors contributing to declines in Following the identification of the focus area is lesser prairie chicken populations and distributions, the series of strategies and their rationale, along including: market hunting, overgrazing / poor range with advisable implementation measures. The four management practices, drought, intensive agriculture focus areas are: / cultivation of native rangeland, brush encroachment, energy development projects (i.e, oil / gas and wind • Focus Area 6.1 - Conservation and farms), and fire suppression. Because lesser prairie Preservation of Natural Resources chicken populations naturally inhabit large tracts of native rangeland, it is believed that the loss of their • Focus Area 6.2 - Accessibility and Connectivity habitat is the primary reason for their decline. Remaining • Focus Area 6.3 - Improving Park System habitats are fragmented and of relatively poor quality, Amenities, Recreation Programs, and Facilities effectively isolating populations and limiting their genetic variety. Conserving and managing these shrub • Focus Area 6.4 - Public / Private Partnerships and grassland communities can help landowners and Community Participation increase local lesser prairie chicken populations, as well as those of other grassland-dependent species. Thus, prairie restoration is a critical component in the FOCUS AREA 6.1: successful revitalization of the lesser prairie chicken population as well as the natural landscape of Texas. CONSERVATION AND PRESERVATION OF 1940 1980 NATURAL RESOURCES Plainview’s landscape is unique in that it contains numerous playa basins that serve as small, ephemeral lakes - meaning that they are only present at certain times of the year. Most of these lakes are dry during the year, due to the

Source: Whitlaw, Heather. “Lesser Prairie Chicken: Ecology and Habitat Management.“Texas Parks & Wildlife Department. Chapter 6, Parks, Recreation, & Natural Resources (Adopted 05.14.13) 6.7

Wind Energy and Conservation Efforts in the Panhandle arid weather of the region, and leave expansive Since the formation of the Avian Power Line open spaces; various species native to the High Interaction Committee (APLIC) in 1989, the electric Plains survive only because of the existence utility industry and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife of playa lakes. Playas support the surrounding Service (USFWS) have worked together to decrease agriculture by providing irrigation water and avian electrocution and collision mortality. This seasonally recharging the underlying Ogallala collaboration has resulted in the development of Aquifer.4 Though these topographical features are guidelines for Avian Protection Plans (APP). The sensitive to urban development, they can provide guidelines laid out in these plans are meant to serve valuable opportunities to fulfill other community as a foundation for utilities to tailor their own Avian objectives like recreational opportunities, tourism Protection Plans that will best fit their needs and generation, sound resource management, and improve customer service / reliability while furthering regional significance. the conservation of avian species.1 A utility company Nature-based tourism and ecotourism are some that implements an APP will greatly decrease avian of the fastest growing recreational activities in risk as well as its own risk of enforcement under the the United States and are sources of significant Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA). This is especially economic benefits for many localities. Two million important in the Panhandle where wind / wind energy waterfowl commonly winter in the playa lakes of infrastrucure are prominent. the Southern High Plains in addition to numerous The quality of wind in the Panhandle is of good other species including: mayflies, dragonflies, quality (ranging from three to four out of six, salamanders, Bald Eagles, endangered Whooping illustrated below) and is located in primarily Cranes, jackrabbits and raccoons.5 Many of these agricultural areas, which is suitable to the extensive playa basins within the floodplain are under public land lease and infrastructural requirements of wind ownership and make up much of the City’s open energy systems. There are numerous large wind spaces and passive recreational facilities. The energy and transmission projects planned and in baseball and softball practice fields, as well as construction, such as the TUCO to Texas / Oklahoma the soccer fields associated with Edgar & Essie Interconnect Project mentioned in Chapter 2.0, Givens Park are an excellent example of a multi- Growth Capacity and Management, that will be use recreation facility that also functions as a playa installing massive infrastructures throughout the lake during seasons of heavy rain. panhandle and existing avian flyways. These Land along the Running Water Draw, floodplains, projects are required to do extensive analysis of and creeks and playa lakes all offer unique planning for avian protection in order to comply opportunities for land and habitat preservation, with federal regulations and recieve any federal recreational trail systems, linear parks systems, grants or approvals necessary to move forward with and the establishment of Plainview as a regional development and implementation. recreational destination. Public workshop 1 The Edison Electric Institute’s Avian Power Line Interaction comments directly recognized the Running Committee (APLIC) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Water Draw as a catalyst for drawing regional- Avian Protection Plann (APP) Guidelines. 2005. level interest to the area, in addition to providing valuable amenities to the local population. Preservation and development of these sites will require sound environmental conservation and responsible land development practices.

The region in which Plainview is a part is rich with natural amenities, like Lake McKenzie (73 miles away), White River Lake (80 miles), Buffalo Springs Lake (56 miles), and Lake Theo (74 miles); along with Palo Duro Canyon State Park (70 miles) and Caprock Canyon State Park (76 miles). Capitalizing

4 United States Environmental Protection Agengy (EPA). http://water.epa.gov/type/wetlands/playa.cfm 5 United States Environmental Protection Agengy (EPA). http://water.epa.gov/type/wetlands/playa.cfm

Source: http://texaswindenergy.tcaptx.com/ 6.8 City of Plainview, Texas (Adopted 05.14.13)

Ecotourism: Economic and Conservation Benefits

Ecotourism has become a popular activity in natural areas on the region’s amenities and Plainview’s unique around the world providing opportunities for visitors to natural features into an overall regional recreational experience beautiful wonders of nature and culture as well as planning program could potentially initiate a to learn about the importance of environmental conservation broader image of Plainview as a recreational and local cultures. The definition of ecotourism, as adopted destination. Tourism activities may include: in 1996 by the International Union for Conservation of Nature • nature watching opportunities; (IUCN), is : • recreational trails with educational Environmentally responsible travel and visitation to natural opportunities; areas, in order to enjoy and appreciate nature (and any accompanying cultural features, both past and present) • seasonal hunting tours; that promote conservation, have a low visitor impact and • boating and fishing; and provide for beneficially active socio-economic involvement of local peoples. • educational conferences / research convoys. According to the Nature Conservancy, ecotourism is a tool Strategy 6.1.1: Conserve and protect local to accrue benefits for both local people and the protected and regional natural resources through area, making it an ideal part of a sustainable development organized planning and development. strategy where natural resources can be used as tourism attractions without causing harm to the natural area. An It is important to conserve and protect local and ecotourism initiative must have the following aspects in regional natural resources so that the history and order to be successful: cultural significance of Plainview is not destroyed. • have a low impact upon a protected area’s natural Organized planning efforts can aid the City in resources preparing for and monitoring development so • involve stakeholders (individuals, communities, eco- that no populations are under served, parks under tourists, tour operators and government institutions) utilized, nor fragile resources destroyed. in the planning, development, implementation and monitoring phases; Initiatives and Actions • respect local cultures and traditions; 1. Identify natural resources, both locally and • generate sustainable and equitable income for local regionally, that are unique, scarce, fragile, communities and for as many other stakeholders as notable, or necessary to protect. possible; • generate income for protected area conservation; and 2. Identify all endangered species and species • educate all stakeholders about their role in of concern, both locally and regionally, conservation.1 that require special regulations and / or considerations. Ecotourism has the opportunity to boost local, regional and national economies. Visitors require numerous goods and 3. Identify any threats to natural resources and services while traveling, including hotels, restaurants, shops, wildlife that may have negative impacts on guide services and transportation systems - thus, a multitude sustainability and conservation efforts. of businesses receive direct benefits from ecotourism. 4. Create resource-specific programs that aim Ecotourism has the potential to reduce the threats posed by to preserve and protect fragile ecosystems, conventional tourism to natural areas and communities via wildlife, and habitats from negative income generation for: conservation, local enterprise and externalities. employment, cultural exchange, environmental education, protected area justification and visitor appreciation. Strategy 6.1.2: Implement regulations Ecotourism requires rigorous planning and management to to ensure the protection of migratory realize this potential and to become successful. waterfowl.

Initiatives and Actions

1. Identify migration stopover sites and over- wintering areas in and around Plainview. 2. Identify hazardous conditions that exist at the identified stopover sites and nontraditional wintering areas. 3. Develop an understanding of the behavior 1 Drumm, Andy and Alan Moore (2002). Ecotourism Development: A Manual for Conservation Planners and Managers (Vol. 1). The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA. Chapter 6, Parks, Recreation, & Natural Resources (Adopted 05.14.13) 6.9

of the birds at identified sites and note how 3. Inventory all of the unique natural resources the birds utilize the habitat and its resources and patterns (e.g., land forms, topography, through observation so that local regulations unique flora and fauna, etc.) within the region can be updated and / or added to encourage and identify which are specific to Hale County sustainable and safe interaction between and Plainview. wildlife and visitors to the sites. 4. Inventory and analyze comparable successful 4. Provide incentives for the inclusion of nature-based tourism programs in Texas and local flora and fauna in landscapes during around the country. development to encourage prairie restoration 5. Ally with state and federal wildlife in and around the City. organizations that could share valuable Strategy 6.1.3: Establish a series of passive information on relevant species, conservation methods, and environmental resources to aid recreational park spaces that can serve as in educational initiatives. small-scale nature preserves and wildlife sanctuaries. 6. Identify key organizations that could help jump-start and maintain a nature-based Initiatives and Actions tourism program. 7. Create educational programs for all age 1. Identify playa lakes and open spaces that groups that will emphasize individual are within migratory bird travel routes or responsibility for conservation in the house unique wildlife / flora / fauna within the community, facilitate public participation, and jurisdiction of the City of Plainview. provide healthy, safe, and active recreation. 2. Incorporate natural, local species of vegetation in and around the park areas to enhance the habitat for wildlife, contribute to FOCUS AREA 6.2: prairie restoration, and improve aesthetics. ACCESSIBILITY & 3. Install barrier-free, interpretive facilities (i.e., boardwalks, signage, etc.) to provide visitors CONNECTIVITY with scenic vantage points and information, An essential part of a parks and recreational as well as protect the resource from overuse. system is the linear linkages that tie together the 4. Seek public and private partnerships with community’s neighborhoods, parks, schools, and interests in conservation to aid in the other public spaces. Such linkages may boost conceptualization, financing, implementation, accessibility to parks and other public spaces, and / or maintenance efforts. thereby expanding the effective service area 5. Coordinate with the Texas Parks & Wildlife coverage of these existing parks and allowing Department (TPWD) wildlife biologists and more people access to them. Plainview has little experts to ensure that park designs and to no connectivity of trail networks, pedestrian concepts are suitable to sustain and protect pathways, or bike paths; but because Plainview’s the local and migratory wildlife in the area. street network is laid out in a traditional grid pattern it would be easier and more efficient to Strategy 6.1.4: Promote the conservation link recreational trails into direct on-street multi- of wildlife through the establishment of a modal transportation networks (e.g., bike lanes sustainable, nature-based tourism program. and sidewalks). Plainview’s street network, as discussed in Chapter 3.0, Mobility, provide Initiatives and Actions an ideal opportunity for adding on-street bike lanes that directly connect to the Running Water 1. Promote recreational and interactive Draw recreational trails, as well as other parks educational opportunities that will attract and recreation facilities within the City (see Map users in the region. 3.3, Bicycle Mobility Plan and Map 6.1, Parks 2. Create an economic development program, System Plan). The proposed Bicycle Mobility Plan budget, and schedule to market, develop, will provide off-street recreational trails running and promote nature-based tourism within east to west connecting the larger Running Water Plainview and the region. Draw Regional Park and existing Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) trail systems together, 6.10 City of Plainview, Texas (Adopted 05.14.13)

as well as directly connecting northward to the proposed on-street bicycle lanes that dissect the Techniques for Design and Placement of City’s interior and circle its larger grid network. Interpretive Signage along Trails The recreational value of parks dramatically Trail signage is an important tool in engaging users, increases when they are linked through a series of educating the public, and providing important greenbelts along natural watercourses and drainage safety information. To be effective signage should ways, trail and walkway / bikeway corridors, and contain the following: other internal connections. The proposed Bicycle • Have an inviting trailhead that includes an Mobility Plan will link most of the City’s developed engaging trail name. parklands, including: M.B. Hood Park, Lakeside Park, Lakeside School Park, Edgar & Essie Givens, • Use an introductory sign to set the theme of Running Water Draw, Thomas Boulevard Park, the trail and indicate trail distances / length. City Park, Chamber of Commerce Park, and lastly This sign usually has a longer message that Broadway Park. Linking all of the parks with multi- may include historical facts as well as safety modal accessibility and direct connectivity allows information. For some trails, this may be the for greater equality in the provision of services and only interpretation needed or desired. amenities to the City’s population. Though this plan • All signs should have a provocative title, will need to be implemented in phases, long-range graphics, and minimal text. system planning will help ensure that this form of • Many interpretive sign specialists recommend green infrastructure efficiently grows in coordination that most interpretive signs be placed closer with new development patterns and community to the beginning of the trail while visitors are needs. still fresh and curious. Avoid placing two signs within view of each other. Strategy 6.2.1: Improve connectivity within the PRTOS system. • Place signs at natural stopping points (e.g., points of interest, great views, animal habitats, Initiatives and Actions etc.) and where people may have questions. 1. Update and redevelop the Parks, Recreation, • Limit signs to maintain visitor interest. Trails and Open Spaces Comprehensive • Use panel sizes of 30” x 18” for major trail Master Plan (2006) to identify opportunities panels and 7” x 5” for identification panels. and constraints pertaining to cost, land Mount signs along trails at 35 - 45 degree ownership, and site conditions. The plan angles to the ground so that users can view should re-establish a 20-year vision that them easily when passing. complements Map 7.1, Future Land Use • Signs should be placed to avoid ruining & Character Map and guides infrastructure pristine areas and scenic views. investments, specifically land acquisition and sidewalk / trail construction. Source: Gross, Zimmerman, and Trapp (1999). Signs, Trails, and Wayside Exhibits: Connecting People and Places. 2. Establish a recreational trail hierarchy that UW - SP Foundation Press, Inc. Stevens Point, WI. specifies width, material, use, and location (Page 99). criteria. Sidewalks should be inventoried to identify broken links, and the local system Existing signage on the Running Water Draw Trail could be should be tied to regional networks. improved to be more educational and visually appealing. 3. Identify where new roadway construction along Source: Kendig Keast Collaborative proposed trail and bicycle routes may require additional land acquisition to accommodate on- or off-street travel lanes. The proposed system avoids I-27 and Columbia given the safety considerations associated with heavy traffic and high speeds. New trails should be constructed in accordance with the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and TxDOT standards and criteria. E Miles 05.14.13 Adopted Map 6.1 Map Existing Off-Street Recreational Trail Recreational Off-Street Existing Trail Recreational Off-Street Proposed Lane Bicycle On-Street Proposed Parks Properties School Airport City Limits ETJ Creeks Railroad Parks SystemPlan Legend 1: JohnD. Stoneham Park B. Park 2: M. Hood 3: Lakeside Park 4: Lakeside School Park Park Givens (E.E.) Essie & Edgar 5: 6: Frisco Park 7: Travis Trussell Park 8: Utica Street Park 9: Millenium Park 10: RunningWater Draw Park Trail & Bike Hike / Park Joliet 11: Park Boulevard Thomas 12: Park Woods C. Lloyd 13: 14: Chamberof Commerce Park Park Broadway 15: 16: LittleThomas Park 0.25 00.51 Source: City of Plainview of City Source:

24th St.

. t

6

th S th

9

. t S ee ee ilw M

11th St.

St. ar ar Ced

St. 15

th St. sh A 9

5

9

. St in f alter Grif alter W

t.

h S

11t

St.

th th 14

6

7th St.

1

1th St. St.

1

5th . iet St iet ol J t olie J 4 13 1 3

Hale County Airport County Hale 11

ncy ui Q

St.

4th

2

th St. th 27 Smy § ¨ ¦ 8

12

o e s ker Yon

s Enni St. s nni E 7 2

rd St. rd

St.

3

od

SW SW

wo

ch 10

Kir .

d .

3rd St

Dimmitt R Mesa Dr. Mesa

ood St.

irchw

K Andy Taylor Rd. Taylor Andy

[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

Chapter 6, Parks, Recreation, & Natural Resources (Adopted 05.14.13) 6.11

Active vs. Passive Recreation

The types of recreation chosen for a specific park Strategy 6.2.2: Improve accessibility to can vary depending on the surrounding population’s ensure equal access for all citizens. age. Age plays a huge factor in these decisions Accessibility is critical in facilitating equality because physical capacities at different ages vary among citizens and preventing the alienation of dramatically such as eyesight, mobility, hearing, and vulnerable populations. Accessibility addresses dexterity. As depicted in Figure 6.1, Population Age issues regarding access to information, physical by Percent (%), the majoirty of the population is barriers, and the provision of multi-modal middle-aged and therefore the City needs to provide transportation. Plainview’s parks seldom have citizens with enough variety in order to equally serve Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) required the population. The most basic differences between curb cut, ramp, and crosswalk provisions; nor do passive and active recreation are described below. the parks have any specialized amenities (i.e., shorter water fountains, paved play areas, etc.) Passive Parks geared toward disabled or elderly individuals with • Passive recreation areas refer to a mix of limited mobility. Connectivity is an issue in many uses typically found in a neighborhood park, parks where restrooms, playscapes, and other such undeveloped land or minimally improved lands amenities are located off of paved sidewalks, thus which includes the following: landscaped area, preventing handicaped and disabled individuals natural area, ornamental garden, non-landscaped from using facilities and hindering his / her greenspace, stairway, decorative fountain, picnic interaction among friends and family. area, water body, or trail without recreational Initiatives and Actions staffing. • These “unprogrammed spaces” allow for a variety 1. Analyze the PRTOS system’s accessibility, of uses because they accommodate change of specifically to what degree the City’s parks use over time, as the needs or interests of the are compliant with Americans with Disabilities community change. Act (ADA) requirements for disabled and handicapped users. By adding sidewalk curb cuts / ramps and wheelchair-accessible Active Parks facilities (e.g., play equipment and restrooms), • Active recreation refers to a mix of uses in a park the City can ensure equitable access to that includes the following facilities or facility amenities and enhance quality of life. For types: athletic fields, building or structures for example, the City has already installed ADA- recreational activities, concessions, community compliant water fountains at all parks. gardens, outdoor courses or courts (basketball, 2. Incorporate on-site handicapped accessible volleyball, and tennis), children’s play areas, picnic walking trails that create a loop around the shelters, restrooms, event areas, dog parks, or bike edge of each park and connect the important paths. amenities within the park, so that users can • Active parks sometimes include more loosely utilize these trails for walking, running, biking, structured areas for softball, soccer, Frisbee / roller blading, and pushing strollers, among Frisbee golf, and pick up games. other things. 3. Continue to provide opportunities for Source: Kendig Keast Collaborative individuals and groups (including low-income, minority, disabled, elderly, and youth at- Open spaces can provide both passive recreation areas plus risk populations) to participate in cultural, facilities for more active recreation such as sports practice recreational, and educational activities fields. that foster better health, both physical and Source: mendhamtownship.org emotional. Arranging special transportation, inclusion, and recognition may allow these groups to more easily participate in events. 6.12 City of Plainview, Texas (Adopted 05.14.13)

FOCUS AREA 6.3: IMPROVING • Restrooms (especially for hike and bike trails and M.B. Hood Park).* PARK SYSTEM AMENITIES, In Table 6.3, Park Amenity Inventory, each park’s RECREATION PROGRAMS, facilities are recorded and general condition AND FACILITIES. determined through observation.6 Eight of the City’s 12 developed parks have more than one Plainview’s median age is 30.9 years, with the combined amenity; combinations including both largest age cohorts being 35 to 59 years of age and sports fields and pavilions / gazebos, picnic 5 to 19 years of age (as shown in the pie chart on areas, multi-use courts, and miscellaneous use page 6.11). This data indicates that the community open spaces (a.k.a., passive recreation areas). is primarily middle-aged, thereby necessitating Unfortunately, some of these facilities appear diverse spaces, amenities, and programs for the outdated and in some cases worn out, and could accessibility, usability, enjoyment, and participation use some planned reinvestment alongside a by all age groups. reevaluation of the park system’s maintenance needs and schedules with regard to budget, Park assets and amenities vary according to age projects, and staffing. group and include, but are not limited to the following (with asterisks indicating specific needs Strategy 6.3.1: Improve park conditions and or aspirations identified by the City of Plainview diversify amenities. Parks Department): Initiatives and Actions • Playgrounds (new or updated);* • Swimming pools (new or updated) and splash 1. Complete a thorough physical conditions pads;* review and needs assessment to confirm and prioritize necessary improvements to the • Picnic areas; PRTOS system and related amenities and • Baseball fields/softball fields (and eventual programs to maintain sound operations and complex with official fields, bleachers, etc);* appealing, competitive facilities. • Rectangular sports fields (e.g., football or • Prepare revitalization plans for each of soccer); the existing parks. Plans should include • Basketball courts; equipment replacement and repair (e.g., add electric panels where needed), • Tennis courts; building / structure rehabilitation, • Volleyball courts; new features / activities, landscape • Dog parks; enhancement. plantings (e.g., lawns, post-drought tree replacement), etc.), and • Skate / skateboard parks;* other refurbishment. • Community / cultural center space; 6 Conditions were determined through aerial observation • Recreation / fitness center space; and and analysis. Sources include GoogleEarth, GIS files provided by the City of Plainview, and on-site field visits. • Recreational trails; and

Figure 6.1, Population Age by Percent (%) Millenium Park is located in the heart of downtown and serves as a beautiful linear connection with benches and brick-paved walkways linking businesses and civic buildings in the area. Source: Kendig Keast Collaborative

Source: 2010 U.S. Census Data Chapter 6, Parks, Recreation, & Natural Resources (Adopted 05.14.13) 6.13

• Evaluate opportunities to incorporate • Add shade trees and shrubs along trails various amenities, as well as active and and in parks to improve aesthetics, create passive recreation, that appeal and can necessary shade, and improve the overall be utilized by intergenerational and non- character of the park system. traditional users in existing and future 6. Improve lighting conditions for existing parks, including community gardens, dog facilities and identify areas where additional parks, climbing walls, bike trails, Frisbee lighting is needed in order to promote safer, golf, spraygrounds, running / walking more responsible use of the PRTOS system’s trails, checkerboard tables, art walks, and amenities and increase usability at various sandboxes, among others. times of the day / year. Citizen input during 2. Update the Parks, Recreation, Trails, and community engagement forums revealed Open Space Comprehensive Master Plan to a demand for more well-lighted facilities reflect current conditions, updates to planning (specifically along trails and other pedestrian priorities, and changing demands; and develop areas, and on sports and practice fields). a maintenance program that anticipates park maintenance based not only on trails in need Strategy 6.3.2: Promote increased local of repair and maintenance, but also anticipates and regional community use of Plainview’s the next time a recently repaired trail will PRTOS system. require maintenance, based on the most recent level of maintenance provided. Initiatives and Actions 3. Use the National Program and Playground 1. Work with City and county organizations and Safety guidelines and / or the United States civic clubs to program public events and Consumer Products Safety Commission activities in Plainview’s parks. Partner with standards in the design and replacement of other public and/or private entities to market playground equipment, all surface areas, and activities to a broader audience. other recreational facilities and improvements. 2. Establish and/or enhance a “Friends of the 4. Implement a wayfinding system within parks Park” program to solicit neighborhood and and along trails to highlight natural features, business involvement in maintaining and provide useful information for users (i.e., policing public parks and open space areas, mile markers), and direct people to nearby including esplanades and public gardens. destinations. 3. Continue to pursue opportunities to 5. Enhance landscape plantings and lawn negotiate and enter into joint-use maintenance in parks and along trails. agreements for park development with the • Analyze each park to determine Plainview Independent School District. appropriate areas for high quality, 4. Provide for a high-profile, colorful, and very irrigated turf grass. Other areas should public update to the community on major then be designated, signed, planted, park facility additions and new amenities, and maintained to reflect natural, as well as continuing challenges and areas, environmental conditions. sites, and structures that are at particular risk

Some amenities, like this restroom at Lloyd C. A well-used, recently upgraded children’s play structure Woods Park, are outdated and could use renova- in City Park is a great example of a Neighborhood Park tion to improve visual quality and efficiency. and the ideal amenities provided within them. Source: Kendig Keast Collaborative Source: Kendig Keast Collaborative 6.14 City of Plainview, Texas (Adopted 05.14.13)

of irreparable decline and / or demolition. 3. Examine each park to identify appropriate This would also provide another opportunity areas (such as little used areas) that could to recognize the exceptional efforts by local be left in their natural state with minimum organizations and positive results of public / maintenance obligations during certain times private partnerships. of the year. 5. In areas of infill development, add mini 4. Consider cross-utilizing existing parks for other “pocket” parks with limited amenities purposes such as: community gardens, trail providing residents greenspace near their corridors, linear parks, sports fields, dog parks, homes as well as linear connections along etc.) streets and between neighborhoods. 5. Add specific parkland dedication and fee- 6. Integrate technology systems such as in-lieu provisions to the municipal code of phone applications, information kiosks, ordinances and subdivision regulations. e-newsletters, etc., to facilitate awareness The City currently has no provision for the of Plainview’s special events, amenities, dedication or maintenance of parkland nor fee recreational opportunities, and history. in-lieu of land dedication policies; Section 6.01 Technological upgrades are a current priority of Plainview’s subdivision ordinance states: in many communities given the evolving Preliminary subdivision plats shall provide technical expectations and sophistication of sites for schools, parks or other public areas facility users. as set out in the Comprehensive City Plan. The responsible Public Authority must take Strategy 6.3.3: Reduce park maintenance steps to acquire such property within sixty (60) requirements in order to decrease the fiscal days of the submission of the preliminary plat and operational demand on the City’s Parks to the City Planning and Zoning Commission Department. or else the subdivider may proceed with his subdivision as though such areas were non- Initiatives and Actions existent.7 1. Analyze the efficiency (including locational, A recommended approach is to incorporate fiscal, and operational) of the park system the parkland dedication criteria, standards, and identify parks that are under serving and procedures directly into the platting populations or present a heavy burden to the and subdivision provisions, which applies City and consider relocating or retiring them throughout the City limits and ETJ. Land from the City’s parks system obligations. suitability standards should also be included to ensure that the City is not presented 2. Reevaluate and adjust park maintenance with “leftover” pieces for dedication that schedules to maximize efficiency (i.e., are inappropriate for practical and cost- yearly trimmings, water requirements, etc.). effective park development, public use and/ Consider restoring native prairie grasses and or maintenance based on their relative vegetation that require minimal watering and inaccessibility, drainage conditions, etc. maintenance. 7 Subdivision Regulations of the City of Plainview. Ordinance Number 89-2807. Adopted 10.24.89.

Expansive parks like the Regional Park South Community gardens facilitate valuable community interaction - Driving Range require irrigation, fertilization, and even provide social services as many gardens donate mowing, and overseeing by the Parks Department. produce to local food banks / assistance organizations. Source: Kendig Keast Collaborative Source: http://austintexas.gov/austingrows Chapter 6, Parks, Recreation, & Natural Resources (Adopted 05.14.13) 6.15

6. To enact the fee-in-lieu of land dedication FOCUS AREA 6.4: PUBLIC/ program, the City will need to delineate a set of park planning and improvement zones PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS so that fee revenue generated within each area can be documented and devoted to AND COMMUNITY improvements in the same area (versus fee PARTICIPATION revenue going into a “general fund” for expenditure anywhere in the City). County, City, school, and private recreation amenities (e.g., special events, playgrounds, Strategy 6.3.4: Relocate and revitalize the swimming pools, sports fields, etc.) should be City’s community garden program. coordinated among public agencies, so that less duplication and geographic overlap occur, which The community garden initiative was first founded may lead to inefficiencies or service area gaps. in Plainview in 1998 at 1008 Baltimore Street. Community growth and development will strain The garden’s first year was a success with all City- the existing park system unless new construction provided plots being utilized and participation / and maintenance is borne by a collaboration of productivity levels high. In 1999 the garden was public and private stakeholders. These continued relocated to 903 West 28th Street where it was partnerships require strategic planning and successful for a couple of years until productivity funding mechanisms. levels began declining, followed by decreased participation (there are currently one to two Strategy 6.4.1: Encourage and facilitate gardeners with plots). The community organization, volunteerism and effective organization. RSVP, has an established partnership with the City to coordinate volunteers, plot assignments, and Initiatives and Actions most of the administrative responsibilities. The City’s responsibility is to till the soil and pay for 1. Continue to coordinate with and support the the water used to maintain the site. efforts and effectiveness of volunteer-based organizations, such as the YMCA, RSVP and Initiatives and Actions the Plainview Optimist Club, that promote positive community involvement, active 1. Re-evaluate the current community garden’s recreation, and education for all ages in location to determine levels of participation, Plainview. volunteer retention, and productivity. 2. If necessary, identify an alternate site suitable 2. Plan and design park improvements to for public access and use as a community elevate neighborhood viability. Highlight garden. the importance of clean, safe, well-lighted and -maintained, and vibrant neighborhood 3. Re-brand, market, and advertise in local parks as an anchor for strong, established business publications any open garden neighborhoods where residents and kids use spaces or volunteer opportunities available to public spaces and interact during evenings increase public awareness, involvement, and and weekends. support.

Information kiosks can be utilized to provide key information (i.e., points of interest, food, special events, education, etc.) to visitors and residents. Source: www.savannahnow.com “No single park, no matter how large and how well designed, would provide citizens with the beneficial influences of nature; instead parks need to be linked to one another and to surrounding residential neighborhoods.” - Frederick Law Olmsted 6.16 City of Plainview, Texas (Adopted 05.14.13)

3. Establish a policy of master planning new / 2. Continue forming interlocal agreements revitalized parks to develop a unique design with Hale County, state agencies, local theme for each park to broaden the types organizations, and private developers to allow of facilities and activities that are available joint use of facilities and shared maintenance across the community and to better tie their agreements, when feasible. The City has a identity to adjacent neighborhoods. number of these agreements in place, like Conduct neighborhood design workshops the joint-use park shared between: John to gather resident input to determine unique D. Stoneham Park and the Thunderbird park features, types of amenities, and overall Elementary School; and Lakeside Park with theme. Ideas may include parks for special the Lakeside Learning Center. uses (i.e., dog parks and skate parks), arts and culture, heritage, nature-based tourism, etc. PARK CLASSIFICATION 4. Continue to provide adequate funding in the annual capital and operating budgets to The National Recreation and Park Association enhance, improve, and maintain the existing (NRPA) published the Recreation, Park and Open public parks, recreation, trails, and open Space Standards and Guidelines to establish space. nationally applicable criteria for the provision of parks, recreation facilities, and open spaces. 5. Conduct an annual meeting with the City’s Standards provide a measure for determining program partners and other community the amount of parks, recreation and open space organizations to discuss opportunities for needed to meet the current and future demands the improved coordination and provision of of the City’s citizens and visitors. The standards services. are shown in greater detail below in Table 6.1, Park Guidelines. Parks and recreation standards Strategy 6.4.2: Continue to pursue are typically expressed in terms of acres of land intergovernmental and public-private dedicated for parks, recreation and open space partnerships to leverage park and per unit of population, such as one and a half acres recreation investments. per 1,000 persons (for neighborhood parks). While general standards are useful, it is critical to establish Initiatives and Actions standards founded upon unique local factors, 1. Continue to seek grants, in-kind donations, such as participation trends and projections, user and corporate sponsorships to construct characteristics, demographics, climate, natural recreational facilities that meet community environment, and other considerations. Values needs. This includes voluntary gifts, bequests, related to leisure and recreation are unique to or negotiated sales to be dedicated as each municipality; therefore, the standards should parks, recreation facilities, and open spaces. represent the interests and desires of local parks These forms of private investment in public users. amenities will be necessary to acquire Parks are typically classified according to their substantial community assets, especially size and the size of the population they are single-use ones, that the City cannot intended to serve. Conventional park classification otherwise afford.

Table 6.1, Park Guidelines Walking Distance Park Type Size (acres) Area / 1,000 persons (miles)

Mini “Pocket” Park < 1 0.25 0.5 acre / 1,000 persons

Neighborhood Park 5 - 10 0.25 - 0.5 2.0 acre / 1,000 persons

Community Park 30 - 50 0.5 - 3.0 5.0 acre / 1,000 persons

Regional Park Variable Variable 100 - 300 acres total

Source: National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) Chapter 6, Parks, Recreation, & Natural Resources (Adopted 05.14.13) 6.17

usually includes mini parks, neighborhood parks, vegetation and is therefore responsible for the community parks, and open spaces. The City of watering and mowing on these properties; though it Plainview has 17 parks constituting over 286 acres is not clear how utilized they are by the community. of developed land and 325 acres of undeveloped Notably, the City has made recent upgrades to the land. Plainview’s parks, recreation, open space, mini park at 11th and Columbia to conserve water and trails system consists of 11 neighborhood through the planting of low-maintenance grasses parks, two community parks, four mini parks, and vegetation, as well as trees. Millenium Park is three recreational trails, and four open spaces - the most successful mini park in Plainview. Situated all of which can be reviewed in greater detail and in the heart of Plainview’s downtown, Millenium Park description in Table 6.2, Inventory of Existing serves as a linear connection among businesses and Parks, Recreation, Open Spaces and Trails civil services in the area. Sidewalks through the park Systems. For geographical understanding of are paved with brick, reminiscent of some of the Plainview’s existing parks system, refer to (Map historical streets, and lighting is provided to ensure 6.1, Park System Plan). safety and usability throughout the day. Mini Parks Neighborhood Parks Mini Parks are typically less than one acre in Neighborhood Parks are five to 10 acres in size and size and are intended for active recreational use should provide facilities and improvements that by nearby residents, such as within apartment conveniently accommodate use by surrounding complexes and residential subdivision. There are neighborhoods. Ease of access from adjacent no specific criteria to guide development of mini neighborhoods, central location, and pedestrian/ parks, although they should have facilities and bicycle linkages are key considerations when improvements available to meet the identified developing neighborhood parks. They should be needs of children living in the immediate area. The designed to accommodate the needs of all ages notable features that distinguish a mini park from and, therefore, should have a blend of passive and a neighborhood park are its considerably smaller active facilities. size and lack of restrooms. In urban areas, these are often referred to as “pocket” parks. The City of Plainview has 11 neighborhood parks totalling 160 acres of parkland. The neighborhood Plainview currently has four half-acre mini parks parks usually have sports fields (including soccer with a combined total of two acres. Many of these fields and baseball / softball pitches), picnic areas, park spaces were obtained through community and playgrounds - ideal amenities for sports developers who abandoned undevelopable land leagues, families, and visitors. Also, passive parks upon completion of projects or left over land from and sports field conditions vary depending on roadway expansions and improvements. These seasonal changes and severity; unfortunately properties were not designed or planned to be Plainview has a very dry climate with as little as two parks, therefore many of them have been left without inches a year making the parks look barren, appear infrastructure or amenities (with the exception of under-utilized and unappealing. Refer to Table 6.3, sprinkler systems). The City, concerned about the Park Amenity Inventory for more detailed amenity visual quality of these lands, has planted trees / inventories.

Lloyd C. Woods Park has many amenities including TEXT John D. Stoneham Park contains active recreation in a sports practice field, picnic areas, a playground, the form of playscape equipment ideal for children. restrooms, and multi-use spaces. Source: Kendig Keast Collaborative Source: Kendig Keast Collaborative 6.18 City of Plainview, Texas (Adopted 05.14.13)

Table 6.2, Inventory of Existing Parks, Recreation, Open Spaces and Trails Systems

Acres Park Name Park Address (unless otherwise noted)

Neighborhood City “Broadway” Park 100 South Broadway 60 Lloyd C. Woods Park 5th & Joliet 15 Edgar & Essie Givens Park Campbell & Walter Griffin 50 John D. Stoneham Park 32nd & Lexington 10 Lakeside School Park 1801 Joliet 3 Frisco Park Winchell & Drake 2 M.B. Hood Park 16th & Ennis 10 Thomas Blvd. Park 312 Irene St. 2 Utica Street Park 12th & Utica 1 Travis Trussell Park 10th & Ennis 3 Chamber of Commerce Park 711 West 6th 4 Subtotal 11 parks 160 acres Community Regional Running Water Draw Park 3400 West 4th 80 Regional Park South-Driving Range 3200 Kirchwood 44 Subtotal 2 parks 124 acres Mini Parks 11th & Columbia Park 11th & Columbia 0.5 Thunderbird Park 101 Thunderbird 0.5 Little Thomas Park 101 Aileen 0.5 Millennium Park 800 Block Broadway 0.5 Subtotal 4 parks 2 acres Trails

2 miles, 2.8 acres in 35 acre Lakeside Motorcycle Trails 1800 Lexington land block

1.63 miles, 3.3 acres in total of TxDOT Hike and Bike Trail Quincy-Date 244 acres in 4 land block

4 miles, 5 acres in 80 acres Running Water Draw East/Equestrian Trail 210 Kirchwood Dr. land block

Subtotal 3 trails 7.63 miles Open Spaces Joliet West Quincy-Joliet 49 Joliet East Joliet-Columbia 55 Astro South Columbia 1 Splat 34th & Joliet 5 Subtotal 4 open spaces 110 Total PRTOS 24 403.63 Source: City of Plainview Chapter 6, Parks, Recreation, & Natural Resources (Adopted 05.14.13) 6.19

Table 6.3, Park Amenity Inventory Misc. Use Community Picnic Play- Rest- Multi-use Walking Park Name Sports Field Open Building Area ground room Court Track Space

Practice (1) City “Broadway” Park 1 62 1 0 1 3 Sports Field (6)

Baseball/ softball Lighted John D. Stoneham Park 0 11 1 11 practice fields (2) (1)

Swimming Baseball/softball No Lights M.B. Hood Park 11 0 11 Pool practice field (1) (1)

Baseball/softball Lloyd C. Woods Park 0 51 1 0 0 2 practice field (1)

Soccer field (1) Lighted Edgar & Essie Givens Park Pavilion (1) 21 1 12 Baseball/softball (1) practice field (2)

Half-court Frisco Park 0 0 1 1 0 basketball 01 (1)

Junior soccer field (1) Lakeside School Park 0 01 0 0 0 1 Baseball practice fields (2)

Lighted Baseball/softball half-court Utica Street Park 0 11 0 01 practice field (1) basketball (1)

Travis Trussell Park Gazebo (1) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Little Thomas Park 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1

Chamber of Commerce Park 0 0 1 0.5 0 0 0 1

Softball fields/ lighted (3) Community (1) Regional Park South - Baseball practice No Lights Pavilion (1) fields (3) 34 1 14 (1) Driving Range Soccer field (1) Gazebo (1) Golf driving range (1)

Source: City of Plainview 6.20 City of Plainview, Texas (Adopted 05.14.13)

Community Parks Open spaces in Plainview total 110 acres. The City has no formal obligations for maintenance Community Parks are 30 to 50 acres in size; and are of these open spaces and therefore they remain intended to function on a large scale, serving the natural and undeveloped. Several of these open parks and recreation needs of an entire community. space areas are located within the developed City They typically include facilities and improvements limits and therefore have been disturbed by land for area-wide activities and assembly events such grading, infrastructure development, and utility as picnic areas, walking / jogging trails, athletic stations. Without maintenance these flattened fields, and other larger-scale activities. It is important open spaces can become unattractive and detract that adequate off-street parking be provided near from the community’s aesthetic quality. these types of parks. Where feasible, community parks should be located adjacent or connected to a greenway / trail to provide an off-street linear linkage PARK SERVICE AREAS with other areas. The foundation for establishing an adequate parks Plainview’s two community parks total 124 acres, with and recreation system begins with the availability, 80 acres constituting the Running Water Draw Park location, and condition of existing park and and 44 acres belonging to the Regional Park South - recreation areas. Driving Range. Running Water Draw Park runs along the Running Water Draw river and provides a regional Evaluating service areas is an effective means of destination for visitors seeking recreation. The identifying geographic areas that have sufficient Regional Park South - Driving Range was established park areas available, but more importantly to in 1990 at the request of citizens seeking recreational identify the demographic needs for additional activities. The Driving Range is free and open to parks and recreation areas and facilities. The the public though its use is primarily seasonal. The effectiveness and use of an entire park system is City is responsible for the mowing, fertilization, strongly determined by the location of each park. oversight, and irrigation of the Driving Range though To be utilized, parks need to be conveniently maintenance requirements are reduced seasonally. accessible and evenly distributed throughout the community. This section identifies and analyzes Regional Parks areas of Plainview that are under served, over Regional and large urban parks, which are greater served, or under utilized. than 50 acres in size and may include active sports Depicted in Map 6.2, Parks System Service Area complexes. and Needs Analysis, are service area buffers around all existing parks. Each park is classified, Open Spaces as well as park assets and amenities analyzed, to Open Spaces are typically large expanses of public determine the degree to which user demands are land permanently dedicated as open space or being fulfilled. parkland. As previously discussed, Plainview has Community parks have a primary service area numerous undeveloped open spaces due to the of one mile, meaning that a majority of persons unique natural playa lake features that pock the utilizing these area-wide parks generally reside region’s topography.

Table 6.4, Park and Recreation Needs

2010 (Population: 22,194) 2040 (Projected Population: 25,000)

Park Classification % of Acres % of Recommended Actual Acres Actual Need Recommended Need- Need (acres) (acres) Needed (acres) Met ed Met Mini “Pocket” Park 11.1 2 9 18.2 12.5 2 10.5 16

Neighborhood Park 44.4 160 -115.6 360.4 50 160 -110 320 Community Park 111 124 -13 111.7 125 124 1 99.2

Source: Kendig Keast Collaborative E Miles 05.14.13 Adopted Map 6.2 Map Proposed Neighborhood Park Service Area (1/4 Mile) (1/4 Area Service Park Neighborhood Proposed Area (1 Mile) Service Park Community Proposed Parks Mile) (1/4 Area Service Park Neighborhood Community Park Service Area (1 Mile) Properties School Trail Recreational Off-Street Existing Trail Recreational Off-Street Proposed Lane On-Street Bicycle Proposed Airport Limits City ETJ Creeks Railroad Legend Parks SystemService Area and Needs Analysis and Needs Area 0.25 00.51 Source: City of Plainview of City Source:

24th St.

9th St. 9th

wee St. wee Mil

St.

1th

1

t. r S r Ceda

t. S Ash Ash

St. in f Walter Grif Walter

t.

S

.

t

.

S

St

11th

h

7t

16th £ ¤ Bus 27

1th St.

1

h St. h

. t S Joliet Joliet t olie J 5t

r.

y D y

a Parkw

Hale County Airport County Hale

cy Quin

th St. th 24 St. Smyth

27

§ ¨ ¦

o e s ker Yon

Ennis . t t. Ennis S Ennis

d S

3r

SW

. .

d St

mitt Rd 3r

Dim

t.

Dr.

a es M

ood S w

Kirch

Rd. r aylo Andy T Andy

[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]

Chapter 6, Parks, Recreation, & Natural Resources (Adopted 05.14.13) 6.21 within this radius. As illustrated by Map 6.2, Parks NEEDS ASSESSMENT System Service and Needs Analysis, Plainview currently has two community parks. While their Similar to determining park service areas, in associated service areas cover more than half of order to assess the adequacy of the existing the City limits, the northeastern and western areas parks and recreation supply it is necessary to of the community have limited coverage. Since look at existing populations, the supply of parks there is limited development in these areas, the provided by existing facilities including planned community park needs are being exceeded at improvements or expansions, and relate them to present. If all current park acreages remain the same planning standards for desirable levels of service. until the year 2040, then according to calculations In addition, it is necessary to consider forecasts in made in Table 6.4, Parks and Recreation Needs future population to determine future needs and the community parks will then adequately serve to identify current deficiencies in order to address the populations. the needs of the system. As such, the park and recreation system currently and in the future would Illustrated in Map 6.2, Parks System Service Area meet the needs of the 2040 forecasted population and Needs Analysis, are the one-quarter mile of 25,000 persons.8 Based upon these parameters service areas of the 11 neighborhood parks. The and displayed in Table 6.4, Parks and Recreation intent is to have well-distributed and evenly spaced Needs, the City has a surplus of neighborhood neighborhood parks within or near residential park acres (by roughly 115 acres) and community developments. As displayed, the current array park (roughly 13 acres), and is nine acres deficient of neighborhood parks provides good coverage in mini “pocket” park provisions. However, the near the central core and eastern portion of the surplus of community park is primarily due to the City. However, under-served areas are evident inclusion of the Running Water Draw Park and to the north and northwest. For example, there could continue to serve the community adequately is limited coverage near Interstate 27 and 24th in the future. Street. Another such area is along Dimmitt Road within the City limits. However, these areas are By 2040, if all 160 acres of neighborhood park space still sparsely developed and may not necessarily is maintained, the City would still be providing a need additional neighborhood parks until more surplus of 110 acres. The neighborhood parks, as development occurs - in which case mini parks seen in Map 6.2, Parks System Service and Needs may suffice in serving these populations. As new Analysis, primarily over serve the southern half of residential development occurs throughout the the City and in a number of cases are acquired periphery of the City, there will be a need for properties not planned additions to the park additional park space, but not necessarily in the system. This indicates the City should reevaluate addition of neighborhood parks - perhaps the the criteria in which they keep, accumulate, and relocation of neighborhood parks, in combination disregard neighborhood parks in the PRTOS with mini parks would more efficiently and system. According to Table 6.4, Park and adequately serve these populations. Recreation Needs, the mini “pocket” park acreage does not currently - nor in the future - adequately From a purely locational standpoint, the meet the needs of people. Mini parks may be analysis indicates that, within the City limits, added in the northern half of the City in order the northeastern and northwestern districts of to adequately provide recreational amenities Plainview are currently under-served by the existing to citizens throughout the City, while keeping park system. Plainview is similarly under-served maintenance requirements at a minimum. with regard to the variety and quality of parks and the amenities provided. By establishing a couple mini “pocket” parks to the north and east as well as a community park (either through land dedication requirements, grants, public/private partnerships, or any combination of these methods), Plainview will more thoroughly serve the developed sectors of the City. Findings of the service area analysis for each type of park are discussed in further detail in the following needs assessment. 8 See Figure 1.2, Population Projections Comparison, in Chapter 1.0, Introduction. 6.22 City of Plainview, Texas (Adopted 05.14.13)

PRIORITY IMPROVEMENT On the northern edge of the pond, immediately south of 10th Street, is a small viewing platform, PROJECT: TRAVIS TRUSSELL consisting of a sheet metal shelter, constructed on a concrete slab, a picnic table, a few benches and PARK LANDSCAPE a waste receptacle. The remains of an interpretive ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM sign are nearby, which once provided illustrative and descriptive information about the types of Overview waterfowl that could be found on the pond. This chapter’s Priority Improvement Project To the north of the park, across 10th Street, is land explores and demonstrates ways in which an owned by the City of Plainview, that consists of a existing municipal park, Travis Trussell Park, may be depressed, open field. To the north of the field is redesigned and reprogrammed to provide a variety the Trinity United Methodist Church. of passive and active recreational opportunities for a broad range of user groups within the City To the east of the park, across Ennis Street, is of Plainview. Constructed natural features such land owned by the Plainview Independent School as ponds, wetlands and prairies could replace District that primarily consists of a large, open, sparsely-planted open areas with natural splendor depressed field. To the north of the field, fronting that could attract migrating waterfowl. Interpretive onto 10th Street is a beauty salon, a small, partially signage will educate park users about the region’s vacant retail strip center, and a self-serve car unique and varied natural heritage. wash. To the south of the field is the College Hill Elementary School, which is accessed by Canyon Street. The school is surrounded by playgrounds Existing Conditions and a sports field. Travis Trussell Community Park is located in District 4, within southwestern Plainview, just north The land north of 10th Street is owned by the City of 5th Street and east of Interstate 27. The Park of Plainview, and is composed of a depressed is approximately three acres in area, the remnants open field (formerly the northeastern quadrant of a playa lake. With the construction of Ennis of the playa). The field is bordered to the east by Street and 10th Street the playa was divided into storage facilities and to the north by 11th Street. four quadrants. All four quadrants are within the 100-year floodplain. The northeastern quadrant Provisional Program slopes to the intersection of Ennis and 10th Streets Principles and drains under Ennis Street to the northwestern quadrant. The northwestern quadrant also slopes Travis Trussell park landscape enhancements to the intersection and drains under 10th Street should be planned and designed according to the into the Travis Trussell Park “duck pond.” The following principles: southeastern quadrant drains under Ennis Street 1) Park facilities will incorporate both active and into the duck pond. The main portion of Travis passive programmatic features and elements, and Trussell Park is located within the southwestern will accommodate multiple user groups; quadrant, though the City owns portions of the northwestern and northeastern quadrants as well 2) The park will be designed to be low maintenance, (refer to Figure 6.2, Travis Trussell Park Aerial. requiring minimal resource inputs to remain viable;

Travis Trussell Park is composed of a large pond, 3) The park’s landscape will be designed to typically referred to as the “duck pond.” The enhance biological diversity; and pond is primarily used by migrating waterfowl and is surrounded by a chain-link fence. The fence 4) The park’s principal orientation will be to educate is prone to catching blowing trash and paper users through the interpretation of the unique refuse. To the south of the pond is a long, narrow, natural and cultural resources that compose the unimproved open space, which runs south to regional landscape. Itasca Street. Adjacent to this space is the Garland Street Church of Christ, which is accessed from the Goals south via Itasca Street and from Garland Street The Travis Trussell Park Landscape Enhancement to the west. The portion of property between the program has been designed to advance several pond and Garland Street is owned by the church. of the goals outlined within the City of Plainview Chapter 6, Parks, Recreation, & Natural Resources (Adopted 05.14.13) 6.23

Parks Department’s 2006 Parks, Recreation, Trails Features and Elements and Open Spaces Comprehensive Master Plan, In keeping with the goals outlined within the including the following: 2006 Parks, Recreation, Trails and Open Spaces PRTOS-G3: the City of Plainview should build and (PRTOS) Comprehensive Master Plan, the maintain a system of public exercise trails that following programmatic features and elements provide recreational and mobility opportunities are recommended (refer to Figure 6.3, Priority for Plainview residents. Improvement Project: Travis Trussell Park PRTOS-G4: The City of Plainview should provide Landscape Enhancement Program): opportunities for varied recreation activities and 1. Enhanced Duck Pond programs that are responsive to the needs of a wide range of Plainview residents. The banks of the duck pond should be regraded and stabilized using bio-engineering techniques. PRTOS-G7: The City of Plainview should participate Concrete debris and rubble should be removed. with other jurisdictions and public sector entities Cypress trees should be planted along the in promoting a region-wide parks, recreation, trails shoreline and to screen birdwatching enthusiasts and open spaces system, for recreation as well as from the water fowl. To minimize conflicts between educational purposes. waterfowl and vehicles a chain link fence should be erected between the guard rail along Ennis Street and the pond shoreline.

Figure 6.2, Travis Trussell Park Aerial 6.24 City of Plainview, Texas (Adopted 05.14.13)

2. Native Texas Prairie Restoration 7. Fishing Ponds Inspired in part by the large, natural field of black- The northeastern and northwestern quadrants of eyed Susans (Rudbeckia sp.) within the park’s the former playa should be excavated, re-graded northeastern quadrant, a key programmatic and sculpted to form two, relatively deep fish element of a future landscape enhancement ponds. The City’s Parks Department can partner program should include restoring large swaths of with the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department to the park back to a native Texas prairie landscape. stock the ponds with native and indigenous species Prairie restoration will reduce the area requiring of fish. It is recommended that the City’s Parks routine mowing, further stabilize the pond banks, Department develop a family fishing program to and will minimize the amount of fertilizer runoff into teach people how to fish while being sensitive to the ponds (which prevent algal blooms). Specific the migrating wildfowl. plants should be selected to provide habitat for dragonflies and other predaceous insects that 8. Pavilions feed on mosquitoes. Several pavilions have been located throughout the park to provide families places to have picnics. 3. Wildlife Viewing Areas Decked boardwalks should extend from the duck 9. Lawn Areas pond’s shoreline to provide access to elevated The park provides expansive lawn areas where screened waterfowl view areas (“duck blinds”). park users can play frisbee, fly kites, or just sun bathe on a warm spring day. 4. Interpretive Signage Illustrative signage should explain the unique geomorphological and hydrological characteristics of playa lakes, and should feature pictures of native Texas prairie plants as well as the types of migrating waterfowl park enthusiasts may witness within the park.

5. Off-street Recreational Trails Due to space constraints between Ennis Street and the edge of the duck pond, the off-street recreational trail along Ennis Street (refer to Chapter 3.0, Bicycle Mobility Plan) should be routed into and around the west side of Travis Trussell park. As it passes along the west side of the duck pond, the width of the trail should be expanded to function as a promenade and should include benches, ornamental lighting and other streetscape amenities. People will be able to stop and relax, while watching the birds.

6. Active Recreational Parcourse, Playground and Sports Field It is recommended that the City partner with Plainview Independent School District to develop an active recreational park area, complete with an improved sports field, playground equipment for children and parcourse, with associated exercise stations. Parents using the parcource exercise stations will be in close proximity to the playground and will be able to watch their children playing.

[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]