Bonnie Raitt sings The Comin’ Round is Going Through

You got a way of running your mouth You rant and you rave, you left it all out The thing about it, little that you say is true Why bother checkin', the facts will be damned It's how you spin it, it's part of the plan Well I'm here to tell you honey that Your sicken loan is coming due

Only so long you can keep this charade Until they wake up and see they've been played Too many people with their livin' at stake Ain't gonna take it Comin' round is going through Comin' round is going through Savvy and Skeptical:

Teaching Students to be Tactical Media Consumers

by Nancy Rives, Jamie Bowling, & Grace Burns Saint Gertrude High School, Richmond, VA News Quiz Factitious Where do you get your news? Where do you think your students get their news?

Donald Trump Protester Speaks Out: “I Was Paid $3,500 To Protest Trump’s Rally” ““In the stepped-up competition for readers, digital news sites are increasingly blurring the line between fact and fiction, and saying that is all part of doing business in the rough-and-tumble world of online journalism…” New York Times “If a Story is Viral, Truth May Be Taking a Beating” Kaufman, Dec 9 2013

“There are trade-offs in balancing authenticity with the need to act quickly in a hyperconnected age...dealing with a volume of information...it is impossible to have the strict standards of accuracy that other institutions have.” A“ Brief History of Journalism . . . and how we got into this mess “The framers gave a pass to fake news, since back then the press was mainly devoted to hot blooded opinion.” Nicholas Lemann, The New Yorker, Nov. 30, 2016 Partisan News

James Callender, Ed. Rise of Professionalism Richmond Recorder

1890s 1850s

18th c. 1870s Yellow Journalism Major Cities and small towns published multiple newspapers; Richmond, VA had at least seven dailies and weeklies

Professional Journalism 1967 Public Code of Ethics Established; Broadcasting Act Society of Professional Muckrakers Journalists provide oversight

First Investigative Journalists 1908 1950s →

Early 20th 1926 c. First School of Journalism - Increasing Reliance on MO Television for News

1934 FCC created

Cable News & Govt Deregulation of Broadcasting

24-Hour News FCC attempts to regulate internet content but deemed a violation of “Circus atmosphere of live the First Amendment coverage and breaking news”

1987 1996

1980s 1990s FCC eliminates the Fairness Telecommunications Act Doctrine to finish off deregulation of broadcast TV

Era of the Digital Citizen and “Citizen Journalists”

Explosion of social media Facebook begins - 2 and the problem of online billion accounts today news

2003 2012

2000s 2006 New FCC Rules YouTube Empowers media moguls Over 4 billion videos viewed a day

to expand control of print and broadcast companies Worldwide Response to “Fake News”

BRUSSELS EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR VIEWERS’ INTERESTS GREAT BRITAIN Truth, Lies and the Internet: A Report into Young People’s Digital Fluency James Bartlett & Carl Miller, Sept 2011 www.demos.co.uk ITALY In Italian Schools, Reading, Writing and Recognizing Fake News VATICAN CITY Pope Francis will focus on fake news for World Communications Day 2018, “The Truth Will Set You Free” is the theme Teachers’“ Tasks in a Post-Truth World Most Students Cannot Distinguish Fake and Real News

Wall Street Journal November 22, 2016 Teach Digital Literacy!

https://www.martinluther king.org/ In the classroom...

1.Create a Checklist for Evaluating Websites

2. Teach them what real news is and how to distinguish it from opinion pieces. Teach them the 5 Ws of reporting facts. New York Times Lesson Plans for Social Studies The News Literacy Project

3. Use databases to search for information. Provide students with reliable websites for your class.

Fake News of Bygone Days ...and today Fake news stories have real-world impact.

Sonoma wildfires were started by Pizza-gate! illegal immigrants!

Cyber Bullying Leads to Teen Suicide What do we really mean by “fake news?” Propaganda Misinformation Clickbait Hoaxes, satire Sponsored content Partisanship Conspiracy theories Pseudoscience Error

Infographic Beyond Fake News: 10 Types of Misleading News Nancy Rives, Grace Burns, Jamie Bowling SPAM OR APPARTS Source ● SPEAKER/AUTHOR It! ● PURPOSE/POINT OF VIEW ● AUDIENCE ● MESSAGE/MEANING/REASON ● THE MAIN IDEA ● SIGNIFICANCE

In the same way we teach analyzing primary sources, political cartoons, we must teach students to analyze online content. ● Factcheck.org ● Politifact ● Snopes.com Fact ● Emergent.info Check ● Washington Post’s The Intersect ● Gizmodo | Six Easy Ways to Tell if That Viral Story Is a Hoax ● www.tineye.com

News Verification Websites Websites for profit: Red ● Click-bait Flags ● Weird domain names that approximate real sites ● Misspellings ● All Caps ● Out of Date ● EXTREME headlines ● Photoshopped?dlines!!! Real news speaks truth to Empathy power, respects people, seeks to understand differences & bring about justice.

What do you do to engender empathy in your classroom? National Association of Media Literacy Education

News Literacy Project

Facing History and Ourselves

Melissa Zimdars’ Merrimack College List of Unreliable Sites

Stanford History Education Group

Link to this presentation Other Sources