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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19400-6 — The Golden State in the Civil War Glenna Matthews Index More Information Index Abolitionism as economic staple, 25, 74, King role in, 59–63, 76–78, 161, 251–252 174n55, 173–175, 206–207 subsistence, 10 resistance to generally, 82–83 Alcalde, 15n15, 15–16 Act for the Government and Alcatraz, 107–108 Protection of Indians of 1850, 31, Alexander II (Czar of Russia), 129 226–229 Alta California, 8–10 African Americans American Indians. See also specific access to education for, 208 tribes advocacy for use of in military, 161 atrocities committed upon, 31 anti-Chinese activism by, 214 children, custody of by employers, churches, 205 227 citizenship rights for, 32 citizenship rights for, 30–31, civil rights history of, 5, 204n4, 227–228 203–209, 250 civil rights activism on behalf of, Civil War role, 124–125, 208 237–238 Colored Conventions, 205, 206 conscription of, 10–11 departure of, 205–206 conversion to Christianity, 8–10 economic wealth of, 204, 204n2 exploitation of, 12, 226–229 exclusion of in legal code final conquest of, 2, 229, 254–255 development, 13–14 prohibition regarding testimony fundraising by, 208 against whites, 227 overview, 4–5 in racial hierarchy, 9 prohibition regarding testimony reservations, establishment of, 108, against whites, 176–177, 204, 228 208 as slave labor, 10, 11, 31 voting rights for, 204, 208 Spanish, Mexican exploitation of, women, 203–204 8–11 Agriculture as threat during Civil War, 108, Chinese-American role in, 209–211 128, 228–229 259 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19400-6 — The Golden State in the Civil War Glenna Matthews Index More Information 260 Index American Theater speech (Baker), 80 Sanitary Commission role generally, Apache Indians, 120–121, 254–255 162n17, 162–164, 165, 166–170 Bellows, Russell, 240 Baker, Edward D. Benham, Calhoun, 192–194 American Theater speech, 68n9, Benjamin, Judah, 191 80 Benton, Thomas Hart, 12, 133–134 Archy Lee case role, 71–73 Bible, 48 California Regiment formation by, Bierstadt, Albert, 146, 149, 150–154 111–112 Bigler, John, 37–38 death, funeral of, 104–105 Black Point (Fort Mason), 134 personal history of, 66–68 Bleeding Kansas, 78–79 relationship with John Fremont, 33, Bosque Redondo, 254–255 114 Boston, MA historically (1850s), Ballou, Hosea II, 49–51, 52, 140 46–49 Bangor Daily Whig and Courier, Boston Evening Transcript, 138–142 56 Brannan, Sam, 13 Banking. See also Monetary policy Breckinridge, John, 78–79, 80–81 issue Brent, Joseph Lancaster, 86, 192–194, establishment of, 5–6, 24–25 217–218 incorporation of, 103–104 Brent papers, 193–194 Stanford’s policies towards, 94, Brewer, William, 92, 102–103, 96 141–142, 183, 214–215 Bank of California, 96–97 Broderick, David Bank of United States, 170 anti-vigilantism role, 38 Banning, Phineas death of as political leverage, 80 Civil War role, 116–117, 117n26, duel with Terry, 6, 33, 40–41, 68, 117n27, 199 68n9 San Pedro Bay development by, 23 election of, 38 Battle of Antietam, 164 personal history, 34 Battle of Glorietta Pass, 113–114, political ambitions of, 36 117–118 political strategy, 38–39, 217–218 Battle of Mesilla, 113 Brooks, Preston, 78–79 Bay Area Congregationalists, 73–74 Brown, Charlotte, 207 Baylor, John R., 113 Brown, John, 206 Beale, Edward F., 108 Bryant, William Cullen, 151, 152 Beasley, Delilah, 233–234, 234n7 Buchanan, James Bell, Horace, 16–17, 29 combining of Federal forces by, Bell, Philip K., 204n4, 206–207 84–85 Bellows, Henry relationship with Broderick, 37 as arts patron, 151–152 relationship with Gwin, 37 as civil rights activist, 237–238 telegraph development by, 98–99 relationship with King, 51–52, 62 Buck, Franklin Augustus, 32 Sanitary Commission emergency Buell, Lawrence, 153 fundraising role, 168n36, Burch, John, 85 237n13, 235–238 Burke, Edmund, 136 Sanitary Commission formation Burns, John F., 13–14 role, 157–159 Burnside, Ambrose, 181 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19400-6 — The Golden State in the Civil War Glenna Matthews Index More Information Index 261 Bushnell, Horace, 73–74 citizenship rights, 216–217 Butte County, CA, 80–81 Civil War role, 122, 122n46 land owning rights of, 12–13, 21 Calhoun, John C., 14n12 overview, 4–5, 10–13, 216n39, California 222n54, 223n57, 225n59, admission to Union, 13–14, 14n12 216–226 anxiety levels generally, 84–85 political strategy, 217–218 coast, protection of, 128–129 as predominant population, 17 cultural activities generally, raising of troops by, 218–219 131–132, 144 slavery stance of, 82 federal investment in generally, Stanford’s views of, 94 97–98, 101n43, 175–176, in state constitution development, 176n60, 252 13–14 flooding of, 1861-1862, 102–103, on taxation, 218 103n48 voting rights, 216–217 government reorganization in, Calvary Presbyterian Church, 87n8, 14–15 87–88 gubernatorial election 1863, 178 Camels, 107, 119–120 gubernatorial election 1867, 250 Cameron, Simon, 110, 115–116 importance of studying, 1–5 Camp Alert, 115 militia enhancement, 109n4, Camp Babbit, 187–188 111–112 Camp Drum, 199 presidential election 1860, 78n39, Canby, Edward, 113–114, 120–121 78–82 Carleton, James H. state constitution development, assignment to Los Angeles, 13–14 116–117 strategic advantages, 109–112 as commander, 118–119 withdrawal of U.S. troops from, Indian policy, 6–7, 120–121, 109n4, 111–112 254–255 California Battalion, 2nd Carson, Kit, 113, 120–121 Massachusetts Calvary Casey, James, 27, 38 (California Hundred), 123n48, Castillero, Andres, 172–173 123–126, 188 Catholic Church, 226, 239n18, California Column 239–240 daily life in, 121–122 Cattle duties of, 119n35, 119–123 as economic staple, 23, 251–252 establishment of, 114–119 rustling, 16–17 training facility for, 116–117, as weapon of imperialism, 9, 10 117n26 Central Pacific Railroad Company, training of, 115 95–96, 100–101 California Regiment, 111–112 Chan, Sucheng, 209–211, 215–216 California State Normal School, Chandler, Robert, 185n14 96 Channing, William Ellery, 43–46, 59, Californios 131–132, 153 anti-Chinese activism by, 214 Chapin, Edwin H., 52 aspirations of, 3–4 Chapin,J.H.,241 Catholic Church role, 226 Chapman affair, 190–192 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19400-6 — The Golden State in the Civil War Glenna Matthews Index More Information 262 Index Chase, Salmon P. Church, Frederic, 136–137 Field appointment role, 175–176 Citizenship rights. See under African monetary policy, 157 (See also Americans; American Indians; Monetary policy issue) Chinese Americans New Almaden Mine role, 172–173 Civil rights. See also African Children of Coyote, Missionaries of Americans; American Indians; St. Francis (Hackel), 9 Chinese Americans Chinese Americans history of generally, 5, 30–33, 230 agriculture role, 209–211 omnibus laws, 207 children, 211–212, 212n27 spiritualist activists for, 208 citizenship rights for, 32, 209, Civil Rights Act of 1870, 250 213–214 Civil War civil rights history of, 5, 213n30, anxiety levels generally, 84–88 214n32, 209–216, 237–238, 250 California’s importance to, 1–5, exclusion of in legal code 6–7 development, 13–14 camels in, 107, 119–120 hui-kuan (Six Companies), 212, disease during, 197–198 212n27, 214–215 division of loyalties during, 129n59, institution-building by, 214–215 129–130 in manufacturing, 211 economic benefits of, 97, 101n43 money earning motivations of, funding of, 155–157 215–216 medical care (See United States opium trade, 211 Sanitary Commission (USSC)) People v. Hall, 213 nationalism vs. localism during, 180 perceptions of, 32, 214, 215, newspaper’s role in, 186–188 215n36 preparation, defense, 106–108 prohibition regarding testimony pro-Union mobilization, 90n14, against whites, 213n30, 213–214, 88–93 214n32 Russian warships role in, 129 prostitution, 211 Secessionist stance generally, 93–97 split households, 212, 212n27 taxation issue during, 218 Stanford’s views of, 94 Civil War in the American West, The, women’s roles, 211 (Josephy), 113–114 Chivalry Party “Chivs.” See also Clemens, Samuel L. (Mark Twain), Gwin, William; Lecompton 189, 198, 199, 233, 241–242 Democrats Cole, Cornelius as allies of Californios, 216–217 emancipation policy, 174n55, control of state politics by, 179, 183 173–175 overview, 6 Republican Party formation role, 64 popularity of, 67–68 as Stanford’s running mate, 93–94, presidential election 1860, 80 95 racial views of, 205–206 Coleman, William T., 27 rivalry with Free Soil Democrats, College of California, 73–74 37–38 Colored Conventions, 205, 206 slavery stance of, 66 Comstock Lode discovery, Christian Commission, 166n30, exploitation, 96–97 239–240, 242–244 Concord Lyceum, 54–55 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19400-6 — The Golden State in the Civil War Glenna Matthews Index More Information Index 263 Confederate States of America, Crittenden, Churchill, 196, 197–198 112–113, 113n17.Seealso Crittenden, James, 196–197 Confederate sympathizers; Crittenden, John, 195, 195n51 Copperheads; Davis, Jefferson Crittenden, Kate, 197 Confederate sympathizers. See also Crittenden, Mary, 197 Copperheads Crocker, Charles, 95–96 arrests of, 181n3, 185–186, Crocker, Edwin, 71 192–193 estimations of numbers of, 110 Daily Scioto Gazette, The, 56 overview, 86–88, 185n14, 188n29, Dana, Richard Henry, 73 183–190 Daniels, Douglas, 204n2 privateering by, 128–129, 160n11, Davis, Jefferson 191–192 aspirations of, 150 strategy towards generally, military strategy, 106–107, 126–130, 184–185 112–113, 189, 201–202 Conness, John, 176–177, 248–249, railroad lobbying by, 99 250–251 Debt peonage, 10–11 Conscription of American Indians, Decline of the Californios, The (Pitt), 10–11.SeealsoAmerican Indians 217 Constitutional Union Party, 78–79 Democratic Party (U.S.), 60 Convict leasing, 10–11 Democrats (CA) Coolbrith, Ina, 144–145 dominance of state politics by, Copperheads.