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THE NATIONAL CENTER on INSTITUTIONS and ALTERNATI'ves 'I33'122nd ST., N.W., WASHINGTON, D.C

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THE NATIONAL CENTER on INSTITUTIONS and ALTERNATI'ves 'I33'122nd ST., N.W., WASHINGTON, D.C If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. I' I~~~~----~~~~~--'_'_'~------~--~--~ 7i'---..I> ', SENTENCED PRISONERS UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE I IN ADULT CORRECTIONAL FAeILITIES: I A NATIONAL SURVEY I I I I I I I I I I I I I I N .. C..... A" .. tiE NAtIONAL CENTER ON INS1/'ITUTIONS AND ALYJi:iRNAl'IVr=S I 13:!J1 2~t1d ST., U.W./ WASHINCTON, Q.C. :ZOb31 I------------~........----..------------- I I H.C.I.A. THE NATIONAL CENTER ON INSTITUTIONS AND ALTERNATI'VES 'I33'122nd ST., N.W., WASHINGTON, D.C. :;:0037 202/659-4'156 I I Jerome G. Miller President I Advisory Board Members Severa Austin John McKnight Human Services Planner Center/or Urban Affairs Nortbwestern Universi~y I Madison, Wirconsin Loren Beckley UOydOtlUn Cbief, Juvenile Probnt;;", Cent.r for Cnrninol Justice San Mateo County, California Hart'ar;) Law Seboo! Lou Brin Milton Rector I Department ofSociology National Council on Crime University of Massacbus~tts and Delinquency Hackensack. New Jersey AI Bronstein National Prison Project David Rothenberg Fortune Society I Washington. D.C. New York, New York Larry Brown Action Agency David Rothman Washington, D.C Center for Social Policy Columbia University JohnM.Burns I Vice President Andrew Rutherford Westingbor;.re Corporation University 0/ Birmingham New York. New York Birmingham, England Ro~rt Drinan Peter Sandmann Representative, U.S. Congress Yout/) Law Cenler I Wasbington, D.C. Sa" Francisco, California Erving Goffman Peter Schrag Department 0/ Sociolligy Journalirl University 0/ Penn~ylvania Berkeley, California I Jay Haley Joseph Sorrentino Family Tberapy Institute Author, Juvenile Court Judge Cbevy Chase, Maryland Los Angeles. California Charlene Harrington Robert Vinter Nursing Home EvaltlOtor Sehool ofSocial Work I Sacramento. California University of Michigan John Martin Freel Wiseman Department ofSociology Documentary f)lmmaker Fordbam University Boston, Massachusetts I Marvin WoUgang Department ofSociology University ofPennsylvania I I This report was prepared by the National Center on Institutions and Alternatives under Grant Number BK-6 from the National Institute of Corrections, Bureau of Prisons, u.s. Department of I Justice, awarded June 22, 1979. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the National Center on Institutions and Alternatives, and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. I Department of Justice. I l I I II ~. ' ! t . , II SENTENCED PRISONERS UNDER 18 YEARS t OF AGE IN ADULT CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES: :1 A NATIONAL SURVEY I l I The National Center on Institutions I and Alternatives 1337 22nd St. N.W. I Washington, D.C. 20037 (202) 659-4156 I I Report Prepared By: Harvey D. Lowell, Ph. D. I Margaret McNabb Anthony J. D~~arco, Esq. Andrea Petras I Janell M. Byrd Tom Schiavoni Elaine Gadon II Laura Mulcahy 'I \ I March, 1980 I I I .----------------~---- I I Acknowledgements We would like to express our gratitude to all of the Federal, State and local correctional administrators, researchers and staff whose courtesy and cooperation made this study possible. Our special thanks to go to Larry Solomon of the National Institute of Corrections, whose able program and administrative help, and much appreciated sense of humor were essential to the successful conduct of the re­ search. The people who helped to conceptualize, review and assist in I the development of this survey are also greatly deserving of our thanks. Carolyn Keller, for ner special knack of solVing difficult problems; Bruce Bullington, Lisa Davis, Brad Smith and Andrew Rutherford for their review and assistance; Bernie Levine and Ted Kurtz for their in­ I sights on violent juveniles and displaying information, respectively; and for contributions beyond words, Cliff Entes, Dan Katkin, Mary McGee, Nitzi Shaked, Mark Pecker, Sue Mollway, Victor Jaroslaw, Rod I O'Connor, Jim Sprowls, Josh Elkin and Jacquelyn Berman. Finally, we would be remiss if we did not thank the staff of I the Washington office of the National Center on Institutions and Al­ ternatives. Herb Hoelter and Jerry Miller, who conceived of this study and brought it to fruition; Dave Tracey, Marguerite Lopes, Scott I Surrey, Joyce Bender, Lindsay Hayes, Bill Gschwend, Penny Randall, Dottie Shephard,Jane Huntington, Gabe Fedor and Sandy McWilliams who helped execute it; and Meta F. Eaton, without whom it simply I would not have been possible. I I I I I I I ~I I I Table of Contents Introduction. ct ........................ I) ••••• " • .., ....... " • III •• 0" .................................. " ...... 1 Violent Youth Crime ................ ., .............. " .............. II ...... " ........ II ............................ " " .1 What Happens to Violent Youn.g Of£enders •.•.•••.•...•.•.•.••.•.••.••••• 2 Young Offenders in Institutions .••.•••••••.•.•••.•.••.••••...••.•••.•• 6 Db j ec tives ................ ~ .................... 0 .......... It ..... 0 " ............ CI ................................ " ........ " 8 Methodology/Prisons ........... " .............. "CI ........................... II ................................................. 10 Findings /Prisons ................................................................................................................. 12 Methodology/Jails and Detention Facilities ..•.•.•••.•.•...•.•••••..••.•.•. 27 Findings/Jails and Detention FaciH.ties .••••.••••••.•.•••.••••••••••.•.••. 29 I Conclusions. "' ........................ ., ................ e .............................................................. :t ........... 38 State Reports ........ ., ................................................ ,. ... " ... LrO I Appendices ............................. " ....... 0 •••••••••••••• If •• 0 fII ................ 49 A. Population Under 18 in State Prisons, 1973 - 1979 •••..••...•••... 50 B. Offenders Under 18 in State Prisons by Offense •••••••••••••.•••.• 51 I C. Total Number of Offenders in State Correctional Systems and Percent Under 18 ••.••••.•.•.•••..••.•.•.•...•....•.••. 52 D. Offenders Under 18 in Adult Prisons by Age an.d Sex .•.•.•.•..•.••. 53 I E. Age of Male Offenders Under 18 in Adult Prisons by Region and Offense ......................... If .................... " ............ 54 F. Number of Female Offenders Under 18 in Adult Prisons by Region and Offense ............................... If .............................. 55 I G. Projections of Number of 6ffenders Under 18 Sentenced to Jails. tt ........ It .................................... If ................................56 H. Number, Sex and Percentage of Offenders Under 18 in I U.'S. Jails ........ II ........... ill II ................ " ...... It ................................... 1"> ••• 57 I.. Ques tionnaires ........ _ ........ It .................................................... It • " .57 I J. List of Counties Responding to Survey •.•..•••• _ ••••••••••••••••• 58 Bibliography ............................. II .............................. II .. • • .. .. .. .. .. .. • .. .. • • .. .. ... 64 I I I ii j I ------ I I , il List of Tables [I Table 1. Change in Proportion of Youth in Prison Population, 1973-1979 Table 2. Youth Under 18 in Adult Prisons on January 1, 1979 and Number of Youth in Prison Per 100,000 Population at Risk ~I l Table 3. Ten States With the Largest Under 18 Inmate Population Table 4. Ten States With Highest Incarceration Rates Per 100,000 Population at Risk II Table 5. Category of Offense by Region i Table 6. Number of Offenders Under 18 in Adult Prisons by Offense and Regions Table 7. Category of Offense by Region and State Table 8. Regional Comparisons of Projected Numbers of Offenders Under 18 Sentenced ~o Jail II I List of Figures If I , ( i'igure 1. Number of Offenders Undnr 18 in Offense Categories Figure 2. Southern Regional Total of Offenders Under 18 by Offense I Category as of January 1, 1979 Figure 3. Northeastern Regional Tot.:a.l of Offenders Under 18 by Offense I Category as of January 1, 1979 . Figure 4. North Central Regional Total of Offenders Under 18 by Offense I Category as of January 1. 1979 Figure 5. Western Regional Total of Offenders Under 18 by Offense Cate­ I gory as of January Ii 1979. Figure 6. Projected Number of Offenders Under 18 in Offense Categories Figure 7. Northeastern Regional Projections of Offenders Uuder 18 by I Offense Category Figure 8. North Central Regional Projections of Offenders Under 18 by I Offense Category I I iii I .j I ! 1 ~I :1 Figure 9. Southern Regional Projections of Offenders Under 18 by , Offense Category ~ 11 . Figure 10. Western Regional Projections of Offenders Under 18 ~y II Offense Category c Figure 11. Proj ected Numbers or Offenders Under 18 and Sentencing Offense .~ !I il il Maps I Number of Offenders Under 18 in State Correctional Systems ..1- Projected Number of Sentenced Offenders Under 18 in County Jails 11 I II I If ., '1 I I '{ I 'I I ,.t II .~ .~.. fl !I iv { I i I I I I VIOLENT YOUTH CRIME [ I J t I I The. late 19JQ's were witness to the burgeoning pllOJ.ic fear of violent crime, and the widespread helief that most violent crimes yere committed by juvenile offend2rs. A 1977 report oy the Vera Institute of Criminal I Justice indicates that violent crime by juveniles tripled beeween 1960 and 1975. 1 Corrections Ma~azine reports tr~t more than ewe million youth , I yere arrested by police in 19752, Such reports, and many recent books, magazine articles and congressional hearings, have dramatized the appar­ 11 ent epidemic of youth crime in the United States.
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