~I(ft e6T Zi1~:alol;::e1 1991 CENSUS OF INDIA 1991
~€ICit121 SERIES 21
( 1\rI~I:I1 RAJASTHAN
~XII-~~m PARTXII-A& B
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(M11 cr ;:pf{ ~ ~ mJf cr ;:pff ~ \i1~·IOI~1 ~) DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK (VILLAGE & TOWN DIRECTORY AND VILLAGE & TOWN PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT) fGicll 41<#1 DISTRICT PALl
-3tR.~. ~ ~ ~~F6, ,il""l',OI"11 m ~ R.P. TOMAR .JOINT DIRECTOR CENSUS OPERATIONS RAJASTHAN
(iii)
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~, ~'3j1ICflI~ WIT ~ it ~ ~ (lllllNtCfl ~ cf; ~ ~ m 'q'\ (lif&lChllJ ~ ~ CfK€t ~I ~ 'Cflrf R~~III.1<1, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ <:m lWI' q ~ ~ ~ m m mr '3f::rTURT ~ ~ -ey 'qflf ~I ~ ~ 'lWr '"Ch' *~ "J1l1l~ *~~ (if.f-WfmIT ~ ~ ~ ~ w t (!YIT 'I1JlT 19' *m+ITur ~ ~ m it 1Wl ~ ifcfi (MY ~ ~ ~ m it cnt/CfiW ~ m 1R ~ (iJ1 110HI ~ ~ lTlIf ~I ~ '3j1 1,0111 ~ "Q","Cfl ~ mcnr ~, mit ~ cR mr, ;J\1Jd&lI, ~, ~ ~ q ~ ~ ctt ::lFl'l:i@i q CflTlT "Cflf.t CfICiIT ctt ;fr ~ ~ it fcNcR; ~ CflTlT "Cflf.t -crrR, 4l11iRt Cfl Cfil"l1 "CflB ~ q sTo crr.~. fu:HiRtll. f.re:m ::i11 1iOHI ctii ~ 2~, 1994 (iv) FOREWORD .. Popufation Census provides data-base for economic and social planning to planners and administrators at all levels. The village and town-wise Census data compiled and processed by the Directorate of Census Operations, Rajasthal1 are being published in the form of District Census Handbook for each district separately, which, I am sure, will be found quite useful, informative and interesting by the planners and administrators as well as academicians and research scholars. Each District Census, Handbook comprises two parts. Part-A of the book provides information on the amenities available in each village/town and Part-B gives the Primary Census Abstract at village level in the case of rural areas and at ward/town level in the case of urban areas. Primary Census Abstract is an important table which gives number of households, population, literates, population of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, main workers cross classified by nine industrial categories of workers, marginal workers and non-workers by sex at village/town/panchayat samiti/tehsil and district level. Dr. V.S. Sisodia, Director of Census Operations, Rajasthan and his colleagues who have pompiled the voluminous data and completed these comprehensive volumes in a reasonable time deserve to be congratulated for the accuracy of the work and timely publication. JAIPUR M.L. MEHTA October 2, 1994 Chief Secretary Government of Rajasthan (v) ~m ~ ~ q;r WJiIVR 19S 1 ctT ~'eli ~ ~ fcIim 1flIT ml MT it ~ ~ (!"q). ~ ~ 1\11 ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ :!ffi1if)I~ ~ ctT \lIT '@ ~I Rffi m C!1r ~ ~ ~ wm-R t ~ ~ ~ ~~~-smRRctTa.m~~~mr~~~tl~~~~~-~~~cli.mq 3W: ~ ctt ~ ~ \11"l(4if&tct1l 3W: (411Ol1f%i(fi~ ~ WIT ~ ~ ~ ~ ctT ~ ~ ~ iT ~~U mmm tl ~WfiR. ~-~.~. ~ ~ ~eli ~ ~ Wfim1 ~ ~m S3lT tl ~ if ~ \3IOjllOHllfurcfirm it \3I1~&l1 ~ ~ if ~ li'QfCI'"[uf \l1OjIIOHI ~mfOl~i. 31Tf~ 1991 ~ ;)JJ·PIUHI ~ ~ ;)JJi IUHI ~ cf; 11't1<11Cfl{UI 1991 ~ ro~ ~ J:ICIiTm" ~ mCfiR ~ ~ ~ Cfif ~ w:rR1 ~I ~ wmH ~ !!s::ui ~~';f.G ~Rffit ~ cf; litl~~1< 11 ¥, 1992 (vii) , PREFACE ublication of the District Census Handbooks (DCHs) was initiated after the 1951 Census and is P cO(ltinuing since then with some innovations/modifications after each decennial Census. This is_the most valuable district level publication brought out by the Census Organisation on behalf of each State Govt.lUnion Territory administration. It inter-alia provides data/information on some of the basic demographic and socio-economic characteristics and on the availability of certain important civic amenities! facilities in each village and town of the respective distncts. This publication has thus proved to be of immense utility to the planners, administrators, academiCians and researchers. The scope of the DCH was initially confined to certain important census tables on population, economic and socia-cultural aspects Ci:) aisu the Primary Census Abstracl (PCA) of each village and town (ward-wise) of the district. The DCHs published after the 1961 Census contained a descriptive account of the district, administrative statistics, census tables and Village and Town Directories including PCA. Afterthe 1971 Census, two parts of the District Census Handbooks (Part-A comprising Village and Town Directories and Part-B comprising Village and Town (PCA) were released in all the States and Union Territories. The third Part-C of the District Census Handbooks comprising administrative statistics and district census tables, which was also to be brought out, could not be published in many States/UTs due to considerable delay in compilation of relevant material. In 1981, some new featu res alongwith the restructuring of the formats of Village and Town Directory were introduced in the DCHs. These were published in two parts for each district after the 1981 Census. While Part-A comprised Village and Town directOries, the PCA of villages and towns (ward-wise) including Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe PCA upto tehsiVtown level were provided in Part-B. To illustrate, all the amenities except electricity, were brought together in the Village Directory and if an amenity was not available in the referent village, the distance in broad ranges from the nearest place having such amenity was given. Information on some new items such as adult literacy centres, primary health sub-centres and community health workers in the village were provided so as to meet some of the requirements of the Revised Minimum Needs Programme. Similarly, information on approach to the village was also provided for the first time in the Village Directory so as to give an idea about the number of inaccessible villages tn each district. In case of Town Directories also, keeping in view the requirements of t""e Minimum Needs Programme, a Statement IV·A on slums was provided so as to enable the planners to chalk out the programmes for providing better civic and other amenities in the slums. In this statement details on civic and other amenities were reported for the slums of Class I and Class I I towns. Apart from this, one column on the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population and another on adult literacy classes/centres were added in Statements IV and V respectively. The manner of presentation of the DCHs for the 1991 Census is by and large the same as followed in 1981. However, the format of PCA has been restructured slightly in the 1991 Census for the benefit of data users. Nine-fold industrial classification of main workers has been given as against four~fold industrial classification presented in the 1981 Census. In addition to this, the sex-wise population in the 0-6 age-group has also been included in PCA for the first time with a view to enabling data users to compute more realistic literacy rate as all children.below 7 years of age have been treated as illiterate at the time of the 1991 Census. It is expected that the above mentioned modifications will help the planners in chalking out more effective developmental programmes. (viii) One of the most important innovatiolls in the 1991 Census is the Panchayat ~amiti level presentation of data in the Village Directory and PCA instead of the traditional TehsillTaluk/Police Station level presentation. It is expected that the presentation of Village Directory and PCA data at Panchayat Samiti level will help the planners in formulation of micro-level developmental plans, as the Panchayat Samiti is the lowest administrative unit for developmental planning in Rajasthan. In order to facilitate the task of administrators, planners and researchers intending to use Village Directory/PCA data, either from the magnetic tapes/floppies or from the published records, both the comf)uter and manual coaes for each village have been provided for the 1991 Census along with the corresponding codes of 1981. This publication is a joint venture of the State Govt. and the Census Organisation. The data have been collected and compiled under the direction of Dr. V.S. Sisodia, Director of Census Operations, Rajasthan on behalf of the State Government whlch has borne the cost of printing. The task of planning, designing and coordination of the publication was initiated by Dr. K.P. Ittaman, former Deputy Registrar General (Social Studies) and Shri M.M. Dua, Joint Director. For the sake of uniformity in presentation of information/data and for preparation of analytical note depicting the salient features emerging from a micro-level analysiS of Census/non-Census data, a model District Census Handbook from each State and Union Territory was thoroughly scrutinised in the Social Studies Division under the guidance of Dr. M.K. Jain, the present Deputy Registrar General (S.S.). This task was carried out by Shri A. K. Singh, Deputy Director who was assisted by Shri N.S. Soam, Assistant Director and his staff. Technical guidance in the preparation of the maps lJVas initially provided by Dr. B.K. Roy, former Deputy Registrar General (Map) and later by Mrs. Minati Ghosh, the present Deputy Registrar General (Map). I am thankful to all those who have contribllted to this project. NEW DELHI A.A. NANDA June 11, 1992 Registrar General, India (ix) 'lI'"llIOHI cfi ~ cwr cfi'r ~ cr.G it mr ''lffi'i ~ 4\'!1{~+?1'l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 3w:Rf 31J'lmt ~I ~ wITt'm m lt~: m3N-IT ~ ~ ~ qllT<~T=1 ~ fcfiml ~ €r.lt 3'T-461{f-J1{-<;I{i, ST. u:>r. :st. c.ilB:: f+F8Im41, ~ ~ cwr ~, ~ 41'I m{~!(Irl?: m, ~ 3Qf.j ~ ~ mr if !OJ~rrHf.:!Cf, ~ U ~ \lf1ITURT ~ en ~ t, ~ ~ m 2'ic'l~H ~ ~ it, ~ m ~ l=[\urr, ~ f.Rm eN ~ iT frw M W wn ~ ~ cf; 1@r C1TflCf cf; CtJRUT tr ~ Cfif4" ~ ~ ~ ~ fcp:rr '3fRT Wiq mrrcfiTl ~ mit .m lIOl~ldlc'l ;:P:[, ~ ~. &rc€r ~ ;:fit '7Jt1 ~ ~ mr q 3:p:f ~ q;r 7l!M m ~ ~ 31Rrq ~ ~ Cfif -m ~ ~4~ril~ -m, ~ 3qR~!?ICfl cfi ~ ~{1Jf q f.Rm" it ~ ~ ~ CfA"-llfN cf; !I'lrrU ~ sjr lPL"Q!f. m, 3m·lB. qqf q ~.m. m ~ q;r ~ it f,f,7:rr 1FIT1 Cfir:T ~ it ~ q QR~l;;S:lil ~ fc:l7.r ~' J:P:lm 3<~~(SHllJ ~I m~.m.~, ~ ~ ~ Cfif Fcl~<1qOIl(ilq; ~& fmR if -qRl3Tt[ fcfi7:rr WI ~ 3\TWT if ~ i:f14'i'.lIfNi ~~, ~ ~ ~ ~.l3ft 14c;'1C1iC'l ~, 31j~ ~ (~) am d\"G~"lI(f m ~.m. fcrqc;r, q1W ~ ~ 4pk~r'1 it !niJ4=1111 CfiT ~ 2~. lq94 (x) ~ e&N ~ 1JTIr ~ ~1R ~tll"l 1. m~~ ~ 8. ~fim~~ ;giF&1 1. m~~m ;gif&lchl ~ 8. m~~. ;g if@chl m 2. m~ ~ litorr :eiF&lch1 ~ 9. m~'R:~ ;gif&lchl m 3. m~~fiIm ;gif&lchl m 10. n-~~ ~ 4. -H ~ lIR11m ;gif&lchl m It. mmTtCfi ~ ~ ~ ,~. W 3tlT m ;giR9'1 1. mqf1fu ~ e.oil JH'fl< 3. 5Jit 00 cp!R ~ ~ 2. m~~~ ~ €"'111H'h<'"' 4. m ~. .>- "f'lR1 'lfrurr m:rtCfi ~ ~ 1. m "B,~G< m '8 if&lctl ~ 2. m We are deeply indebted to the State Government for their prompt help to us at all stages of Census Operations. We are beholden to Shri M.L. Mehta, Chief Secretary, Rajasthan for his unstinted support and continued encouragement to us at all stages of work as also for having consented to write the Foreword for the series. The former Chief Secretary, Shri T.V. Ramanan had infused a sense of urgency and seriousness in the minds of Collectors and other officers engaged in Census work at the district level, which went a long way in gearing up the entire administrative machinery and we are extremely grateful to him. Several departments of the State Government among which General Administration, Education, Community Development, Economics & Statistics, Public Relations, Printing and the Department of Personnel deserve special mention, extended utmost cooperation and help in both the phases of Census Operations. The District Collectors played a pivotal role in successfully conducting and supervising Census Operations despite their multifarious responsibilities. They were well assisted by ADMs, SDOs, DSOs, Tehsildars and Municipal Officers and other Charge Officers. The Supervisors and Enumerators, the basic Census functionaries worked ceaselessly in the entire period of field-work to make 1991 Census Operations smooth and successful. We are deeply grateful to Shri A.R. Nanda, Registrar General & Census Commissioner India for his sustained support and spontaneous, unfailing guidance throughout our endeavours. Our grateful thanks are due to Dr. M.K. Jain and Mrs. Minati Ghosh, the two Deputy Registrar Generals and their colleagues at the headquarters for their ever willing, helping hand and thoughtful suggestions for putting together and shaping the volurnes in their present form. The Director of Census Operations, Rajasthan Dr. V.S. Sisodia under whose guidance the entire operations were carried out deserves all credit for its success, but he was repatriated to the State Government for taking up some other important assignment before this volume could be made for the press. Shri R.C. Bhargava, the former Deputy Director incharge of District Census Handbooks, who was ably assisted by Shri Shamsher Singh, Assistant Director, Shri Wali Haider, Investigator and their team of workers deserve all praise for their perseverance and dedication in preparing Village and Town Directories. The Primary Census Abstract, the population profile for all the administrative units of district was first prepared in Regional Tabulation Office Jodhpur headed by Shri Hari Singh Meena, Assistant Director, who put in his 'Labour of Love' to ensure its timely preparation. In this task he was assisted by Shri G.L. Verma, Investigator. The PCA and various other tables were scrutinised and finalised for publication under the close supervision and guidance of Shri R.C. Bhargava, former Dy. Director by his team of zealous workers headed by Sarvashri M.M. Goyal, R.N. Verma and H.C. Sharma, Investigators. Their precision and promptitude in delivering goods deserve special mention. Shri H.C. Sharma, Investigator has taken pains in drafting the District Profile and the Analytical Note for the district. The members of the staff in the Map Section did a commendable job u!1der the guidance of late Shri M.L. Kumawat, R.O. (Map), a highly experienced Census hand and later under Shri M.C. Vimal, Sr. Geographer. Shri M.M. Goyal, Investigator and official incharge of printing personally looked to various aspects of printing work along with his associates, which has ensured the timely release of volumes and all credit goes to him for getting them through tho press. We are thankful to Mis Aravali Printert;; & Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi for the printing of this handbook In a short time. JAIPUR R.P. TOMAR October 2. 1994 Joint Director (xii) OTHER MEMBERS OF STAFF ASSOCIATED WITH THIS WORK VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORY 1. Shri Abdul Waheed Investigator 8. Shri V.K. Punjabi Statistical Assistant 2. Shri G. Fernandes Investignto~ 9. Shri V.K. Gupta Computer 3. Shri N.K. Baj Investigator 10. Shri R.C. Bairwa Computer 4. Shri R.A. Agarwal Investigator 11. Shri S.N. Singh Computer 5. Shri J.P. Kateja Statistical Assistant 12. Shri R.K. Nagar Computer 6. Shri M.L~ Sindhi Statistical Assist mt 13. Shri B.P. Sharma Computer 7. Shri O.P. Sharma Statistical Assistant 14. Shri Mukesh Bhargava Computer PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT 1. Shri K.B. Sharma Statistical Assistant 8. Shri D.N. Pareek Statistical Assistant 2. Shri P.L. Meena Statistical Assistant 9. Shri K.C. Gupta Statistical Assistant 3. Shri S.N. Misra Statistical Assistant 10. Smt. Charu Mathur Computer 4. Smt. Santosh Malakar Statistical Assistant 11. Shri A. K. Srivastava Computer 5. Smt. Usha Sharma Statistical Ass;,tant 12. Shri Arun Jain Computer 6. Shri M.L. Gupta Statistical Assistant 13. Shri H.L. Gupta Computer 7. Shri Bhupendra Goyal Statistical Assistant 14. Smt. Asha Saxena Comp,uter COMPUTERISATION 1. Shri P K Jain Computer Operator 3. Shri Yogesh Bhargava Computer Operator 2. Shri Deepak Srivastava Computer Operator 4. Shri Lokesh Jain Computer Operator MAP 1. Shri G.L. Verma Investigator 9. Shri Lallu Lal Draughtsman 2. Shri N. R. Sisodia Geographer 10. Shri Babu Lal Draughtsman 3. Shri Pankaj Kumar Geographer 11. Shri Indra Narain Draughtsman 4. Shri D.L. Verma Senior Artist 12. Shri Nandlal Draughtsman 5. Shri Sardul Singh Artist 13. Shri Deepak Sood Draughtsman 6. Shri Hem Singh Senior Draughtsman 14. Shri Kishan Singh HPMO 7. Shri M.S. Panwar Artist 15. Shri Diwakar Sharma HPMO a. Shri PK Sharma Artist 16. Shri Tara Chand Ferro Print Operator HINDI TRANSLATION 1. Shri Manohar Lal Senior Hindi Translator TYPING 1. Shri Verughese Mathew Stenographer 3. Shri S.K. Ajmera Computer 2. Shri D.P. Sekra Junior Stenographer 4. Shri C.L. Meena Asstt. Compiler PRINTING 1. Shri C. S. Sharma Statistical Assistant 2. Shri Kanhniya Lal Proof Reader (xiii) ~.Hh§qi - ~ ~ - 1991 POPULATION PROFILE-1991 ~ ~t,ltc' / Dis! Iiel ~lj-~ 1'))1191 c:;: 1\1'(',1 POpuLluon I'roportj on to D('c(,lIl1i.11 Literacy Sex Ratio Work (in sq. km) total population Growti, Rate R.He Participati (Ill of f{,lj 2 4- 5 G 7 8 ~ RAJASTHAN 342,239 44,005,990 100.00 +28.44 38.55 910 31.62 'tftrr::Im: Ganganagar 20,634 2,622,777 5.96 + 29.20 41,82 877 30.15 ~ Bikaner 27,244 1,211,140 2.75 + 42.70 41.73 885 29.88 '¥ Churu 16,830 1,543,211 3.51 + 30.84 34.78 937 30.00 m. Jhunjhunun 5,928 1,582,421 3.60 + 30.1)1 47.60 931 24.41 ~ Alwar 8,380 2,296,580 5.22 + 30 82 43.09 880 30.38 ~ Bharatpur 5,066 1,651,584 3.75 + 27.14 42.96 832 27.05 y.~ Dhaulpur 3,034 749,479 1.70 + 28.10 35.09 795 27.48 g lJl'I-Wp: Sawai Madhopur 10,527 1,963,246 4.46 + 27.83 36.27 854 30.16 ~ Jaipur 14,OG8 4,722,551 10.73 + 37.44 47.88 891 30.08 WP: Sikar 7,732 1,842,914 419 + 33.81 42.49 946 25.07 ~ Ajmer 8,481 1,729,207 3.93 + 20.05 52.34 918 35.78 ~ Tonk 7,194 975,006 2.22 + 24.42 33.67 923 35.87 ~ Jaisalmer 38,401 344,517 078 +41.73 30.05 807 29.48 ~ Jodhpur 22,850 2,153,483 4.89 +29.12 40.69 891 30.68 W Nagaur 17,718 2,144,810 4.87 + 31.69 31.80 942 33.43 qn;jt Palj 12,387 1,486,432 3.38 + 16.63 35.96 956 31.53 ~ Barmer 28,387 1,435,222 3.26 +28.27 22.98 891 33.57 ~ Jalor 10,640 1,142,563 2.60 +26.52 23.76 942 31.99 ~ Sirohi 5,136 654,029 1.49 +20.66 31.94 949 31.25 ~ Bhilwara 10,455 1,593,128 3.62 +21.58 31.65 945 40.38 ~ Udaipur 17,279 2,889,301 6.57 + 22.59 34.38 965 33.02 ~ Chittaurgarh 10,856 1.484,190 3.37 + 20.42 34.28 950 41.45 ~ Dungarpur 3,770 874,549 1.99 +28.07 30.55 995 30.25 ~ Banswara 5,037 1,155,600 2.63 +30.34 26.00 969 .. 32.50 F1 Bundl 5.550 770.248 1.75 + 25.85 32.75 889 34.21 ~ Kota 12.436 2.030,831 4.61 +32.32 47.88 887 31.41 ~ Jhalawar 6,219 956.971 2.17 + 21.91 32.94 918 38.25 xiv -q~ ~~jft~q;) Important Statistics xTV' '~I ~c:T ~/ Persons 44,005.990 1,486,432 Population Total ~~I Males 23,042,780 759.816 fBmT/ Females 20,963,210 726,616 '!be;! ~I Persons 33,938,877 1.163,Oe5 Total ~~/ Males 17,686.463 589.854 ft::5!m/ Females 16,252.414 573.231 '!b('! ~I Persons 10,067,113 323,347 Total 1J~/ Males 5,356,317 169,962 ft:3m/ Females 4,710,796 153,385 ~ qQ1"l'1 ~ ~ '1R 1981-91 +28.44 +16.63 DECENNIAL POPULATION GROWTH RATE ~~ ( ~1 ~~ ~ ¥"'IT 1) 22.88 21.75 ~~lqnmmm PERCENTAGE OF URBAN POPULATION TO TOTAL POPULATION ~(YI uf'=rm~T (i) ~ (ii) ~Tf Marginal Worker~ ~~I Males 9.10 0.60 ff:;mil Females 0.99 12.90 Ii) 1Wl ~ CTJ"Fl -::r3t C7Tfrm1 Per:;ons 61.13 61,86 Non-Workers 1J<>q1 Males 57.96 51.73 fBmTl Females 71.83 72.45 1Jc:<1 'fiTTl m Zl"1<'I'f ?f>l ~ BREAK-UP OF MAIN WORKERS ~ CZlftm/Per:;ons 56.81 49.39 Cultivators 1J~; Males 56.22 47.93 fF.;{m1 ~emales 69.34 54.39 II ~~x mfim/Persons 10.00 17.49 AgriCulturall.abourers 'J~I Males 799 12.37 f'B;mT!Females 18.2.3 3484 xv ~ ~ III ~.~ "it IV ~3tR~ ~/Per$Ons 1.03 0.42 Mining and Quarrying S~I Males 1.14 0.41 ~/Females 0.56 0.45 Va ql~41~ Vb ql~41~Cf) ~ ~ fiR ~. ~I Persons 5.45 6.84 "ffimR. ~ aIR ~ S~I Males S.37 8.46 Manufacturing, Processing, ~/ Females 1.66 1.32 SeMang and Repairs in Other than Household InduWy f.1irruf ~/Persons 2.42 2.29 Con struCtions S~I Males 2.87 2.79 ft:;nril Females 0.61 0.60 <2lT4"R al'rr ~ ~rPersons 6.42 6.52 Trade and Commerce ~~r Males 7.78 8.21 fF.nnr Females 0.82 0.77 ~.~3l'R~ ~/Per50ns 2.39 2.02 Transport, Storage and lj~1 \iales 2.94 2.60 Communications tamr Females 0.13 0.04 apr ~ ~/Persons 9.69 7.69 Other Services ~/ Males 10.70 8.90 ~/Females 5.59 3.57 '" -;;nfft ~ ur-R'i~ ~ ~ ~ "12IfcRI/ Person s 17.29 18.15 ~~q;y~ lj~1 Males 17.39 18.55 PER~NTAGE OF SCHEDULED CASTE POPULATION TO TOTAL POPULATION ft:?nril Females 17.18 17.73 ~~qft"~r-q~~ C2@RJ/ Persons 12.44 5.40 qft~q;y~ lj~1 Males 12.31 5.56 PERCENTAGE OF SCHEDULED TRIBE taml Females 12.58 5.23 POPULATION OF TOTAL POPULATION 3llfflG ~ ll 'J1Rl ~ ~ 222 13 NUMBER OF TOWNS 31 ji6¥f fitlCfJ I CONTENTS 1!lIQ F'ag_ ~~ ...... (iii) FOREWORD ~~ ...... (v) PR:::;FACE 31"f"I11'{ ...... (ix) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ~ em i11""~';f MAP OF THE DISTRICT ~,JI .. v"Mqs ~ (qRqcut¥1111 ~. ""'''"101"1, ';4l<"f."cl. 1IPI ~ "'PR ~ ~ ~ ""'''',0,." ~ "Iffl ~~ ...... (xix) ~ ~ ~ ~ l'IlIIT mq "" ";f1Tl!' ""c!~ al'N ~ W"IU,.,I 11R' lI'SI ~ ~) ANALVTICAL NOTE (An In1roductoty Note, Census Concepts, Scope of village and Town Directory and Primary Census Abstract, District Profile and Brief Analye.e of the village and Town Directory and Primary Ceo..... Abstract) 1fITJ cr; : 1IA ~ ~ f.\c!ftlq;1 PART A : VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORY ~ I : m1l PtclfllCf)1 SECTION I . VILLAGE DIRECTORY "!l1'1'f PI C!~1 Cf) 1 -q fcrfi1n1 ~3l) em ~ ~ ~~ fil;lt l'Jit ~...... 4 Codes used for various amenities in Village Directory mo:r f,vml if> I (Clufm"llj'Hi'< 1l1llt ~ ~ ~) ...... 5-151 VILLAGE DIRECTORY (with alphabetical list of villages) 1. tfT.ITmf ~ ~ Panchayat Samiti Jaitaran ...... 5 2. ~ ~ ~ Panchayat Samiti Raipur ...... 21 3. q~, ~ mvrn PanchayatSamiti Sojat ...... 37 4. ~ ~ ~ PanchayatSamiti Pali ...... 53 5. ~ ~ >r)-gc Panchayat Samiti Rohat ...... 67 6. ~ ~ ~ ~ \ifim'!) PanchayatSamiti Kharchi (Marwar Junction) ...... 81 7. ~ ~ ~ Panchayat Samiti Desuri ...... 99 8. ~ ~ ~ ~ Panchayat Samiti Rani Station ...... 113 9. q'm"110 ~ ~ Panchayat Samiti Bali ...... 127 10. 1:!lWrn ~ ~ PanchayatSamiti Sumerpur ...... 141 q~ APPPENDICES : I. ~~. ~Fc\>ct11. 3fR ~ ~m 'l>T q~ 'Hfi'lRlClI'l ~ ...... 152 Panchayat Samitiwise Abstract of Educational. Medical and other Amenities II. tj'l"".1"I41R:tif>1 ~ ("'''''.lul''''l (xvii) (xviii) ~ II : '1TR f.ic1"~ICfjI SECTION IJ: TOWN DIRECTORY .,.R f.1ifftrrm -B fclf119 'jf?tm3lT em ~ ~ Wjcm ~ "lTil ~ ...... ,.. 177 Codes used for various amenities in Town Directory "T'R PttfR!ICJ')I ...... 179.191 TOWN DIRECTORY fcrcRui - I ~ 3Iix 10. '4"£IT(:ffi ~ ~ Panchayat Samiti Sumepur ...... 32~ "ft'R >lT~ \li'i'loI11 ~ ...... 334.36? TOWN PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT qRR!lte APPENDiCES: I. ~ (hN:fi <'11 -B flfAlfc1 ('1 ~ ~T CJ}T fcl qR't'!tlI(1Hh ~ tf, fuQ:, 3rff. ~, ~R1f-(fu, "l-'*~' !WI<~fif, ~ "«~...... 4" ~~ «.....h-,.,..... ~Wli Q:[1tlnif, ~ i ~rRt iT~.f(f ~ F-51(1 tr ~ 1991 CfJ ~ Cf, c"RR ('".... 1 110 'l"ll .;)11(. 'mql(. 'JffiT ir ~ rn: ~ @lR' f2_l:qufr 'lfr ~ {l faj R1 (j cf.r lJcfr ~ I ~ .. cf, llM11 B~ fcf.ir -rP.i ~iCf.~i 2. q~d'l::.rR 1981 cf.t~if~~if ;jj;:P4@1 ~ 6. 7.fb -3fRlT cf,r ~ f. ff; '-TO !I'CfJrR Cf.,d1I OI't.I;f1 ~ ~ ~ f%~1 q ~ ~ 'lTflTI:m if J:r.fJf.rrn Cf.f.T Cf,f wm:r ffi rnm i ftrQ: 'f/TI 0Pl '®1Piil: ~ cr.r ~ m crrm Frnr lim ?IT illf I O. ~ 1971 cf; fu"ir Wf.Tfu 12. 1991 iT~ -f.~. M0R'fURT-f. !'lq 18. 1981 am: 1991 it 3N-lP1Pfltp:rr:;~ 1961 ~ t.1- ~ lfWoTR W ~ Wl ¥. SQ: 0 '-TI -rrq:; i1 31~-Tif, 1971 K-f, ~, ~;1 -3;~ 20. ~ ~;f; 7il'R it '3[ ~ 1971 it ~ lJ?fr 23. q;qr-'-Pit ~1TIit if ""1RP:r ~ ~ 1fU iT ~ \lR1TURT I 98 1 q 199 1 31'f1T'lIT l'J'llT I J:Wr: ?IT. 3i:r m- it 'Ifr t ~-<.1h 'IT ~ 'tk1If·p~i ::r 3JWr-3"11T <~ .rr::rp ~ ~ fP']' 'lf9T-~" "" \W'f Cf.I<.11'f.l" ""l1.1t11~jl<:1""l PI fi' ~'W.<:1< .• ~ ~,ft.'.$,-". (:1-~ -:rw.n: ~ ~ t I ~ pm ~ m<:r fu1: lW. ~ f.tir m"ifJlT fW.n:. ~ l1'QR1R ~ m rAT 'Plf ~I %, ~ C[0 ~lir it 1fCf.R :iT ~ q:;r ~ i!:m irm %f.r; ~ w. 2 (;, 7!R rnn m~ 33. TfllT ~. ~ .am: ~ ww: cf.r 3R" m':Rrm iT 'lfi ~ ~ l!RT ll'lT t. ~ ~ itm -jj'lZ t ~ ~ w 'lfr ~ %. f~ ~ m-Q:m ~'* cf.r .~ lff.R "[email protected] ~ Cfif.r ~, ~IQ !f= 38. "~" iT f-r.m ::mf/ff. 't.-'T ir ~J; "'1i 40. 1991 it ~ cf.r ~ "if ~ q:;f.r cf. fc;m: 1981 cf.t ~ it ~ ~ ~RF3~ w.~.::m iT -3Wr ~ niT Cf,f RuPr ft1 IX -ar. (iii) anf~ 42. 4'lljlf41 i$ ~ QiTlf ';f ~ a-rR 47. ~ ~ ~ itqr f4r!;f iT J (\")~ (i)~m 48. ~ WJft it ~ ~ 31frr t. ~ f~ 5 1• fsR;rr ~ ~:m cf. 'lfTTf "Cf," it "ciT JIT'1 "Q?f ,-rn: (i) ~ CP;JT iff. tf. ~ iT !IT/m mm l1RT 1J7.lT f.le:f.nt.1 ~ ~, ~ ctr ~ JIT1frur l!!i ;prfp.r ~ it . ' "~ ~' , '€I ~ ·m -:n:m ~,':f,-${lIl2::j ~, T'f ~-T PlfiR ~-lT3TI ir w:=:rP-frf ~ !P¥ cr.ir Cf,f !fW1 ~ 3fT; Tf Ql'lm ~ W Cf/',rr 11M (f S6. ~ lr{di of. fi:ro: -3ij<,"l q;>Jf i'fliT ~ iGfr ~ ~ fuf.Trr mcf, *-1" it ~-1" ~ ~fn III. ~ ~ ~ ~:$ 31~frnpRf4i=rrN it ~ ~ ~ 31fuf.m 'Wi1 (flIT rj;;_~c1 om crTI 'ifcli 2.{I~ .aWr cf; ~ it W -.'l1"1:(.j@,~1 31iCf'91 cf; fl zyJP:rr If 70. 31 ~ it "~" (-) q;r f.:pg ~;ffit s* t w. ''t!3'' ~ ~ iT;;;r;wrr tl qtc~ ifr1 ~ ';fIR it ~.r :Pot t fit ~T fZltc1 it ~ ~ ~ Cf,f ;m:r 7.JT ~~.m~~tl~4~ l()~qiIT1t3Wt ~ ~ it 3l:J ~ f3r€.r Cf,f ';!TlT "lIT ~ ~ 81 . 'ffi ~!:ICf.R cf.r ~iUT ~3IT, ~ ~ ~ ~1W1, ~~~~~~m,am:~;;rrc 6 i:t 14 it -:m m~~, cit 'Cfml1 t 5 it "3Pl" ~ ct ~ ~~~, ~~am:~~arrTr~lJ ~ ~ it ~ ~~..f(f tl Cf.R111 40-41 ijJlilf~(f, ~ it ~ I, II-qV (Cf.) it ~ ~ ~ lfZIT tl 1981 '3j., 'I 0111 199 1 it CfiIlf 'Cfif.r fr.rRur 96. ~ fcI; 'l~(.J cr.m 1r:JT t ~ ~ m ~ qycit cf.t P.tuft ~ ~ JlPj\Sllrn4i it ~ ~ frritq rwm \li4'IDHI m"{ it 1981 it "3Pl CWT ~ qrcl" m:rr~ -wmr~ ~~ cfi ~ 'R 3R11T ~ it 'I:lfAlf(.j(1 \lfn ~ "tTlr tl ~ wnr it -;;w:r:r ~ ~I 'iQ(.J ~ "CfiR11f Mf'Mr:rn WlmAlTW:t ~f1lT1~ CfJ~: ~ ~ '*< ~ _ III q:uql~1"1,~cf;m,~~, tl Cf.R1"lf 3 7.ffi Wnr 92. -mtr~ ~ T.R ~ ~ \iR it f(PlIdl'1:l 2. "lW~SlI¥tlfVl"'~ 1Ocff"~~wm~"mJ 6, ~Ei;:;jal m11tr~~3~~Rhr~ 3f1 l!iII'i1Pt", ~ ~"'fiT1!JT I ~] 489i{~~~~~ Tft~amr:m:r Pt+=1ijfll 3. ~;m: "lal~l41 ~ 18 """~~ afffOctiCfiT "otm: Z~ijl~ \3~Hi,) ... \3,€1(lra"'l~ ?I'll ..... ¥tl'A 3flq«l("j~i~'fiTlIT~ ~ ~'fiT cr;r "'fiT ;::nlf ~~ 1'i1M¥tH fi ... Nfa41 iT~'fiTtt'fi1::r1CIT~t I ~ "'iJ1=r "'iJ1=r iT ~ 3@{4~4 ~ ~ 11fT (1532-1562), ~ ~ ~~~il3t(C4R1Cfi~ctrr"fl1rr~m(ptiT~ amm 1. ~ 1.~ 1. ~ or~*~**",""'lft1"'Ptt I "q1fir«mr~mwr*~ 2.~ 2. ~ '*'I'lffiri' , it,i'R4 ..~. Qll""d \Ji)a~(,*~~~n 5. ~~Ei<'f?l~'6"(1843-1973)"'fiT"!imR~ - xxxiii ft f1:l RI til film: ~ q ~ if ~ t I ~ w:rr ~ I "3"Q"-~-g I ~~ 8. fifMT~~sufu<:fl,(ul m~fct 15. ~i'fmllP=f~~49.04c ifo mo ircIT-'t 1m 10 ~ if~~~ ~ fun:u: 11 'TI<'ltfir<;rr~if-ifr'~. m~lOT-~if-:;m::ih:, ~ 16. ~ ') 1 ~ ~ftmTc:fuvT-~mrr~~~%I~ctt~~ 1985 24.32 450 40 ~'"T ~ S~ 0 ~ ~ 'Jftit ~ fun 25. ~it ~1'1I;;qii'l: ~-;;rR'q'ffi~f~, fr::rr,~, 19. ~"'¥ ~q;r6 28 ~ 3. ~'l~~G .. 1,50,997 12.24 4. ~ 5~'3 339 4 '" 3r-=tr~W4'- 5. ~ 259 46 (~W4"if.~) 91,350 7.41 "'flf\tm-nr~ Wi:r 44,720 3.63 " ~: fu!m~~, 1989) 6" ~Wll 1,98,575 16.10 7. 12,33,079 100.00 29. "W t]\Rf ii" ""9d'flIJJ 32. ~~~"lIT~f~ 1959~ \lI4IGlft am: ~ 1,25,606 106,608 f¥I~Glt w:rr 33. ~~;::'liJ!id,mcmr~afRRl~;::I?i'JiT~ 36. eN 1989-90itftffi'CfIT'¥J~~( 109,768 TT ='N=!lct='N ( +lRPTlIT't, ::Jffi': ('j<:'f>I~ct ~ 34 ,~'$ C2.lftlli, ~ f.r:rr d'tfWm: ~ W4 1R ~ ~~%'4T~0Alir~%-~'3l:l~~W41R~ 3,820 1,529 \04,384 35 109,768 ~~i'r~t ~-u\iQ'-rnrw~~ W'f ~-.fitwfi t 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ * ~ amffl" OR \iI'ffiT t I ~ "" ~ m-~ ifli 9c:tifll <"l{RflTl1Tt, ftm ~*"~CfIf~~ ~ 13.48 1.39 95.10 003 10000 ~ sm 3l'ffu*~ ~-t'tmfT mit ""wr~ if-at Jimr ~~~: (,naC::lf1 ~~~t 13Rf3fIc:iR;zfi'fi'r ~:~~.~1990) *t, ~ ~ (m) f.lzriit* ~~~i:m Wtt ~ -tTntt ~lft (4IaC::lf1 ~m~ ~fttr1N-W I 37. ~ ~ ¥ 93 -.mx f, ftA~dnfr-=r.m.r ~ -TflJ.'fi ~,t{telfft~1 (fqT fi1 41. -.:rn:ft~~_$~~ 39. ~ 1989-90 -;j ¥i<¥'f4Cf1Hi ~~-qr~~~~ ~ ~~~ffiH'1q,~mI 'JF1 26 "'I~{~i!!, 29 ~~ 37 ~'l>T~fcM1T~ 2 ~ ~f*ct"ll <'14 lis II 27 f.i+ITvrwoo frrmr ftGntctt ~#"ifilm: 443 ~ 970 ~ ~ 3 'Y1J~R 13 f.t ~rll t: -! 4 ~~~ }O :; ~~ 40. -~ 1990-91 itftri:ritfti';cm~~~~~ 6 ~~Slmll~"<11 48.44 MRCf~'CfITmmrRmT'l'flIT I ~mtffi~ I 990 7 'IDl'T 3mA---rfuf~ 1'Al46.42 ~~~~ l-mr~~ 18 f.tmuT'CfI'1' 4 6 ~ tiffi ~ 1990 ~ 31-'?' (Ff; m N mm ~ o:nro 'N f"1~Jlif. 5,520 1980.00 19,000 4X C-~i1~m :rrf::;:rRit Q{PHPI('l ~1ffi 6 "!l<"fI 54. :nt 1980 ~ ~~~(foI~h'14l:1nft itJrr 21.240 60 1985-89 ~ ; 24 ~~~<4t Ill'flqF4q;~ ~ , ~ f.;rr:rr ~~4 ~1:fffirW1tfu;rn-~~ 4 aroRtFr ~ 62. *m 'fCt; '3CR guR f~;lfprm %ftffi if 0f1t 1988 -8 9 if I hctT~ftr?rlf~qr ~lf~~!RR'~ ¥1243illi4~ 69. (1\J(~I"1 "(1'Rf114'~f.:mJf~ (1~'''I<'l,!,C1 +JT1lf ~ ~-Tffi%-~-tmJtT~~- ~-~-~T.R~ " "..::;I ~ 65 ftF;rr~~Um1Tmfit~¥'T%-I~ 3hPNI"lIG ~'ffiT~% I ctt-riTiT~~~~~tr~1 C('TlIT~-m-,'~ ~,~~m-u~~~% I~if;~m;rit~ 70. ~ 1990ifi3Rfit~l:t437~~lmtr~ ~cttlT:l' w<:~~~~tr~~ I ~~ctt 'B'n::rr;:zr~ 57~~, 5 ~~~~ 287 D:-r. ~-mi'tmvr~it~~tr ~~~% I ~~ 3fR 86 ~Sl'fl qdRm ~ I ~ 31Rlftfd ~ ~"it.ffm~<" 71. fi:A-it 12 .... '1 '(q1 f<:1ifil?i% I~%-~,~,~, 67 fl14::J1 f.'l ~gifilll~ft (1 '¢;ft 11ft I ~ iiffi~~7!lr~ C\ eo. f1fi1R1ii'i c.' q ~;r.mr: ~o 763.67 ~q~O 392 60 ~ dt ~ 68 -:rQ' 1988-89 * 3Fn- l:t ~ it f.lHljtfl{ 19,948 fJ6ifilf{dl ~ 1988~89~ 3Rflt~o 2610 23 <'1rof~-~~ l~<:f~o:mR~'- ~ I 1988-89~-~f;rRit217 f'i-m W -r#P'T " 1,939 2 ~~,¢~cr~ 11,141 74, ~m~~'(I:rtf1!lRTo~)fl'I@4T'm7Tit~ jr::rITc-TIT ":f ~rnr ~ 254 ~':l;'ifiRUT, ~~-q ~~~'R"1T~~ I ~ ,-l ";r'f.li~'1 398 ~3:rflim mf1fcfi Q::Rt @;lfilCfi li"cf ~ (I a fCI ~ t" +16 fCI 'rIhf?IT~ ~ ~ ~ 'liT 'tt'fi m11 7>i't fif; ~ ~ ~"$~ t ~-~it~\ilRcm;ft~1R~t I f ~~~mq-~~~-~~-¥"~ "RfitI:«ft I tt'fi~ifw QIICfikitl ~~~ ~q"'I~H mm 3f3'Crrql{CjI~Gi'fI1I.,~"t-~(41\'1"'~~it 12 f 12. *m ~ T'" it ornttrr 7fI:IT t fuffi -it 3MhfT ~ l1t 20. ftrm~"R~'3ffa'''~",I(ql~"" Ci!:flf 144.47 IT 511 ill n::IC;fI ij't=''111 OH , ~ 3IffiT I Ci!:flf '?o'l:IT \i1"1~(C41 30. ,",'111 0 1"11 ~~~~~9197li 36. ftffiit 1991 Tt"Bift'-~~*"lfilJ ~ 14.7 3 ~>f.lffl: ~T.": 49. Wffll ANALYTICAL NOTE AN INTRODUCTORY NOTE tormation of micro-level developmental plans, as the Panchayat Samiti is now the lowest administrative unit T,he s~ries of District Census Handbooks has for development planning. However, for the conve been ~repared after compilation and tabulation of data nience of the data users and for the sake of compa coll~cted through "Individual Slip" and "Household rability of data at Tehsil level, the Primary Census S~!edule" on fun count basis for which nearly 1800 Abstract has also been presented at the Tehsil!Town workers were engaged for a perioci extending to more level in the form of an Appet:'dix. than 18 months. 5. A general not8 on each district covering infor 2. In 1981 Census, for the first time, an attempt mation of general interest regarding its history, topo was made in the series to bring out demographic and graphy, physiography, administrative set-up and places other data in diglot, Hindi and English,for a more ben of tourist and historic imJjortance etc. has also been eficial use by data-users of all categories. Hindi being included with a view to provide comprehensive and the official language of the State, a Hindi version of more purposeful information about the district as a the analytical notes was also added with a view to whole. Population figures of Scheduled Castes and cater to the needs of all sections of readers. The man Scheduled Tribes constituting the core of 'Weaker ner of presentation of the District Census Handbooks Section' halle also been presented at distl ict, panchayat for the 1991 Census is by and large the same. samiti and town level so as to facilitate planning for their welf3fe both at mirro and macro levels. 3. As a necessary corollary to the H8ndbooks, Panchayat Samities, the basic administrative units of 6. It is earnestly hoped that this publication will development, administration and planning, were listed serve its purpose for planners and administrators of out separately for the first time in 1981 Census in welfare schemes 8'ld other data-Llsers in general. relation to those districts wherein they were not co terminous with their tehsils. As an additional attempt, 7. Prior to 1951, Census Reports were printed infol mation relating to population figures as well as for the wllole province/statR.The idea of preparing the amenities available in each village located in the juris District Census Handbooks separately for each district diction of each Panchayat Samiti were also presented was conceived during 1951 Census as a part of a plan in a separate volume under the title ·Supplement to intended to secure an effective metilod of pr eserving District Census Handbook". However, for reference in the Census data below the district level.The idea was the main District Census Handbook, a list of villages that all the district census tables would be bound to forming part of each non-coterminous Panchayat Samiti gether in a single volume called the District Census was provided alongwith the abstracts of population Handbooks. Since then the District Census Handbooks and amenities for such Panchayat Samities as a whole are being published I egularly. in the form of Special Annexures. 8. The 1951 Census series of District Census 4. In order to cater to the over-all needs of the Handbooks was printed in two parts. Part I contained data-users and to facilitate the task of administrators five General Population Tables (A Series), three Eco and planners it has now been decided to present the nomic Tables (8 Series). five Household and Age Village Directory and Primary Census data at the Tables (C Series), and seven Sociai and Cultural Panchayat Samiti level ins!ead of the traditional Tehsil Tables (0 Series). In Part-II of District Census Hand level presentation.lt is expected that the presentation book "Primary Census Abstract and Village Directory" of Village Directory and Primary Census Abstract data which showed the basic population figures for each at Panchayat Samiti level will help the planners in village or town classified by livelihood classes, were (I) included alongwith some information of general na mat of Primary Census Abstract has been restruc ture. tured slightly in the 1991 Census for the benefit of data users. Nine-fold industrial classification of main 9. The 1961 Census series of District Census workers has been given as against four-fold industrial Handbooks were printed in single volume in which classification presented in the 1981 Census. In addi Primary Census Abstract upto village and town/ward tion to this, the sex-wise population in the 0-6 age level and Village Directory upto village level were given. group has also been included in Primary Census Ab Besides, some official statistics collected from various stract for the first time with a view to enabli~-g data state departments, four General Population Tables(A users to compute more realistic literacy rat8) as all Series), sixteen Economic and Household Tables (6 children below 7 years of age have been treat~d as Series). seven Social and Cultural Tables (C Series), illiterate at the time of the 1991 Census. It is expB>Cted four Housing Tables (E Series) and eight Special Tables that the above mentioned modifications will help the for Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes were also planners in chalking out more effective developmental provided in District Census Handbooks. For the first programmes. time in 1961 Census the maps for the district and tehsil were also included in the District Census Hand 13. One of the most important innovations in the books. 1991 Census is the Panchayat Samiti level presenta tion of data in the Village Directory and Primary Cen 10. In 1971 Census series of District Census sus Abstract instead of the traditional Tehsil level pre Handbooks villagewise 'Village Directory' giving ser sentation. It is expected that the presentation of Vil vices, facilities or amenities available in the village lage Directory and Primary Census Abstract data at was given.'Town Directory' was introduced tor the first Panchayat Samiti level will help the planners in formu-. time giving useful information in respect of every town lation of micro-level developmental plans, as the of the district. Rural Primary Census Abstract upto Panchayat Samiti is the lowest administrative unit for village level and Urban Primary Cen3us Abstract upto developmental planning. enumeration block level were given in District Census Handbooks. While the District,Tehsii and Town maps 14. In order to facilitate the task of administra were included, the inclusion of Census Tables was tors, planners and researchers intending to use Vil dispensed with in the District Census Handbooks in lage Directory /Primary Census Abstract data, either 1971 Census. from the magnetic tapes/floppies or from the published records, both the computer and manual codes for each 11. The scope of 1981 series of District Census village have been provided for the 1991 Census Handbooks was enlarged specially in relation to ameni alongwith the corresponding codes of 1981. ties and land-use pattern. Apart from new items like uses of electricity, details of communication pOints, CENSUS CONCEPTS information for which was not collected in 1971 Cen 15. For the purpose of obtaining correct informa sus, a note on each district covering general informa tion and introducing uniformity, as far as possible, tion on its history, topegmphy, flora, fauna and admin throughout the country. certain concepts and defini istrative set up etc. was also added. The format of the tions were adopted and used in 1991 Census such as Primary Census Abstract was also restructured in the Building, Census House. Household. Scheduled Castel light of change~ in economic and other questions Scheduled Tribe, Literates, Main Workers, Marginal canvassed in the 1981 Census but at the same time, Workers, Non-Workers etc. and !he Rural and Urban all efforts were made to retain comparability with 1971 division of the population. Census data. The inclusion of Special Primary Census Abstract for Scheduled Castes and Tribes at the Tehsil! Rural/Urban Areas Town level was another innovation introduced in 1981 Census series. 16. One of the basic characteristics of the popu lation obtained through the Census is its rural and 12. The manner of presentation of the District urban distribution. The basic unit for rural areas is the Census Handbooks for the 1991 Census is by and Revenue Village which has definite surveyed bound large the same as followed in 1981.However, the for- aries.The Revenue Village may comprise several (Ii) hamlets but for presentation of data, the entire Rev rion (a). It may be mentioned here that quite often enue Village has been treated as one unit. In villages which are classified for census purposes as unsurveyed villages within forest areas each habitated urban units under criteria (b) may continue to be in area with locally recognised boundaries has been cluded in the village lists in the ,-evenue record. How treated as one unit. ever, in Census publications, the relevant cross refer ences are generally availab!e and the reader would be 17. Urban area have been specially defined for able to identify such cases. Census r:,{Jrposes. I n the 1991 Census the same cri teria as 'accepted in 1961,1971 and 1981 Censuses Urban Agglomeration have '-ken adopted, with some minor variations. Ur 20. The 1971 concept of urban agglomeration ban ;"eas in 1991 Census consist of : has remained operative in the 1981 and 1991 Cen suses without any cLange or m0dification. Very often (a) All places with a Municipality, Corporation, large railway colonies, university campuses. port ar Cantonment Board or Notified Town Area eas, military camps,etc.come up outside the statutory Committee etc. limits of tlTe city or town but adjoining it. Such areas may not.by themselves qualify to be treated as towns (b) All other places which satisfy the following but if they form a continuous spread with the town, criteria: they are olltgrowths of thf! town and deserve to be treated as urban. Such towns together with their out (i) A minimum population of 5,000; growths have been treated as one urban unit and named 'Urban Agglomer~tion'. An urban agglomera (ii) at least 75 per cent of th8 male working tion may constitute : population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits; and (a) A city or t:;wn with a continuous outgrowth. The outgrowth being outside the statutory lim (iii) a density of population of at least 400 its but falling within the boundaries of the persons per sq.km. (or 1,000 per sq. adjc.ining village or villages; or mile). (b) Two or more adjoining towns with their out 18. The urban criteria of 1981 and 1991 vary growths, if any, as in (a) above; or slightly from that of 1961 and 1971 Censuses, in that the males working in activities such as fishing, logging (c) A city and one or more adjoining towns with etc.were treated as engaged in non-agricultural activ or without outgrowths all of which form a ity and therefore, contributed to the 75 per cent crite continuous spread. rion in 1961 and 1971 Censuses whereas in 1981 and Building 1991 Censuses these activities have been treated as on par with cultivation and agricultural labour for the 21. A building is, generally, a single structure on purpose of this criterion. the ground. Sometimes it may be made up of more than one component units which are used or likely to 19. It will be noticed from the definition that there be used as dwellings (residences) or establishrr.:,;nts are two distinct types of urban units. in the first cat such as shops, business houses, offices, factories, egory are those units which satiSfy criterion (8) by workshops, worksheds, schools, places of entertain virtue of a statutory notification and are referred to by ment, places of worship. godowns, stores etc. It is the nomenclature as adopted in the relevant notifica also possible that builjing which have component units tion viz., Municipal Corporation, Muncipal Board, Can may be used for a combination of purposes such as tonment Board and Notified Area Committee etc. The shop-cum-residence, workshop-cum-residence, office other type of urban units would be those which satiSfy cum-residence, etc. criteria under (b) above and which would otherwise have been considered as rural i.e. as villages, but for 22. Sometimes a series of different buildings are Census purposes they are referred to as Census Towns found along a street which are joined with one another or Non-Municipal Towns. This is to disti:"'guish them by common walls on either side looking like a continu from what are cO:1sidered statutory towns under crite- ous structure. These different units are practically in- (Iii) dependent of one another and likely to have built at census house provided these structures satisfy the different times and even owned by different persons. d~finition of a 'Census House' given hereafter. In such cases, though the whole structure with all the adjoining units apparently appears to be one building, Census House each portion has been treated as a separate building. 27. A Census House is a building or part of a On the other hcmd, one may corne across cases, building having a separate entrance from the road or particularly in large cities, of multi-storeyed ownership common courtyard or staircase, etc., ~used or flats. In these cases,while the structure looks like one recognised as a separate unit. It may be ocpupied or building, the flats are owned by different persons. In vacant. It may be used for a residential or non-resi case of such multi-storeyed structures, having a num dential purpose or both. ber of flats owned by different persons, the enke struc ture has been treated as one building and each flat as 28. If a building has a number of flats or blocks a separate census house. which are independent ot one another having sepa rate entrances of their own from the road or a com 23. Sometimes in metropolitan cities the local mon staircase or a common courtyard leading to a authorities have considered the flats in a block or in main gate, they are considered as separate census large colonies as separate buildings and numbered houses. If within a large enclosed area, there are sepa them as such. If the house-numbering system of the rate buildings owned by different persons then each local authorities has been adopted as such, each flat such building is treated as one or more separate build has also been treated as separate building in order to ings. Within an enclosed compound there may be avoid renumbering of these houses. * separate buildings owned by an undertaking or com 24. If within a large enclosed area there are sepa pany or even government, actually in occupatior;l of rate structure owned by different persons each such different persons. For example in Indian Oil Corpora structure has been treated as one or more separate tion colony where the buildings are owned by the buildings. Sometimes there may be a number of struc corporation but they are in occupation of its employ tures within an enclosed area or compound owned by ees. Each such building has been reckoned as a an undertaking or company or government which are separate building. But if in anyone of these buildings, occupied by their employees. Each such structure is there are flats in occupation of different hcuseholds, treated as a separate building. If such buildings have each such flat is treated as a separate census house. a number of flats or blocks which are independent of 29. It may be difficult to apply the definitior I of one another having separate entrance from a common Census House strictly in certain cases. For example, courtyard or staircase and occupied by different house in an urban area, a flat has a five rooms, each room holds, each such flat or block has been consid having a direct entrance to the common staircase or ered as a separate census house. courtyard. By definition, this has to be treated as five census houses. If all those five rooms are occupied by 25. Usually a structure has four walls and a roof. a single household, it is not realjstic to treat them as But in some areas the very nature of construction of five census houses. In such a case, 'singleness' of houses is such that there may not be any waIL For use of these rooms alongwith the main house is con example, a conical roof almost touching the ground sidered and the entire flat is treated as one census having no walls as such and an entrance is provided. house. On the other hand, if two independent house Such structures tlave been treated as buildings and holds occupy these five rooms, the first household census houses, as the case may be. living in three rooms and the second househo!d occu pying two rooms, considering the use, the first three 26. If there are more than one structure within an rooms together are treated as one census house and enclosed or open compound (premises) belonging to the remaining rooms as another census house. But if the same persons e.g., the main house, the servant's each room is occupied by an independent household, quarter, the garage, etc., the whole premises have each such room is treated as a separate census house. been treated as only one building and each of the constituent separate structures has been taken as a 30. In case of hostels, hotels, etc., even ifothe • No such numbering done by town authorities has been adopted for any urban unit in Rajasthan. (Iii i) door of each room in which an inmate lives opens to monly live together and would take their meals from a a common verandah, staircase, courtyard or common common kitchen unless the exigencies of work pre room, as it happens almost invariably, the entire hos vent any of them from doing so. There may be a tel/hotel building is treated as one census house. But household of persons related by blood or a household if such hostels/hotels have out-houses or other struc of unrelated persons or having a mix of both. Ex tures used for different purposes or the same purpose amples of unrelated households are boarding tJouses, each such struc!ure attached to the main hostel/hotel messes, hostels, residential hotels, rescue homes, jails, is treated J8S a separate census house. In some parts ashrams etc. These are called 'Institutional House of the cqtintry, in rural areas, the pattern of habitation holds'. There may be one member households, tW0 is such/that a group of huts located in a compound, member households or multi-member households. For whet~r enclosed or unenclosed is occupied by one census purposes, each one of these types is regarded household. While the main residence may be located as a 'household'. in one hut, other huts may be used for sleeping, or as a kitchen, bathroom, baithak, etc. Though each of the 35. If a group of persons who are unrelated to huts is a separate structure, they form a single hous each other live in a census house but d0 not have ing unit and, therefore, have to be treated collectively their meals from the common kitchen, they would not as a single census house. If some of the huts are constitute an institutional household. Each such per used by one household and the others by a second son has to be treated as a separate household. The household as residence, then the two groups of huts important link in finding out whether there is a house are treated as separate census houses. However, if hold or not is a common kitchen. there are also other huts in the compound used for Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes otDl)r purposes and not as a part of the households residence such as, cattleshed, workshed,etc.,they are 36. A person is identified as a member of a treated as separate census houses. Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe on trle basis of the prescribed lists of Scheduled Castes and Sched 31. It is also possible that a households uses uled Tribes as per the Scheduled Castes and Sched another structure, e.g., a baithak, separated from the uled Tribes Lists (Amendment) Order, 1976 issued by main residence by some distance or by other struc the Pre~jdent of India. Scheduled Castes can be from tures or by a road. In such cases, separate structure among Hincius or Sikhs or Buddhists only while a used as baithak is treated as a separate census house. membe!" of 8. Scheduled Tribe can profess any reli 32. It is usual to find in municipal towns and gion. If the person belonging to a Scheduled Caste or cities that every site, whether built up or not, is num Scheduled Tribe has returned to his/her caste or tribe, bered by the municipal authorities on property basis. it is reckoned as Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe Such open sites, even if they are enclosed by a com only if that name finds place in the prescribed list. pound wall are not listed for census purposes. Only Literates cases where a structure with roof has come up are treated as census houses and listed. But in some areas 37. A person who ca'l both read and write with the very nature of construction of houses is such that understanding In any language is treated as literate. A there may not be any wall, for example,with a conical person who can merely read but cannot write,is not roof almost touching the ground anG an entrance is literate. It is not necessary that a person who is literate also provided thus there would not be any wall as should have received any formal education, or should such. Such structures have, of course, been treated have passed any minimum educational standard. as buildings and census houses. However, all children of the age of 6 years or less are treated as illiterate even if the child is going to a school 33. Pump houses, temples and other similar struc and may have picked up readi'lg and writing a few tures have also been treated as census housec; as odd words. these are places where people can live. Obviously, such structure would not be treated as census houses Main Worker, Marginal Worker and 'Non-Worker if they are so small that no person can live in them. 38. 'Work' may be defined as participation in any Household econom!cally productive activity. Such participation may 84. A household is a group of persons who com- be physical or mental in nature. Work involves not (Iiv} only actual work but also effective supervision and entrants to the labour force for the first time, it was dlwction of work. decided that in respect of non-workers seeking/avail able for work, int~r mation wllether they are seeking! 39. The 'Work' concept of 1961 and 1971 cen available for work for the first time or not should also suses, as opposed to the income or economic inde be ascertained. pendence concept of the earlier censuses, was adopted for 1981 Census, but the criteria for classification of Main Workers persons as workers was changed. While in the 1961 41. The activity of main workers is clas~ified into and 1971 ..;ensuses different approaches,namely usual following 9 industrial categories: status and current status were adopted witt-> reference period of one year alld one week for seasonal and I. Cultivator: A person is considered as a cultiVator it regular work respectively, in the 1981 Census the usual he or she 11as been engctged either as an emProyer, status approach was adopted uniformly for all work. In single worker or family worker in cultivation of land 1961 a person qualified as a worker if he llad worked owned or held from government or from private per regularly during the last season or if he had worked sons or institutions for payment in cash, kind or share atloast for a day in regular non-seasonal work during in cultivation including supervision or direction of cul the preceding fortnight. At the 1971 Census, a person tivation. Cultivation involves ploughing, sowing and was treated as a worker only if he had spent his time harvesting and production of cereals and milled crops mainly in work or if he had worked atleast for a day in such as wheat, paddy, jowar, bajara, ragi, etc., and regular (non-seasonal) work dUfir)g the preceding week. ot;,er crops such as sugarcane, groundnut, tapioca, Tile dichotomy of worker/non-worker of 1961 and 1971 pulses, raw jute, kindered fibre crop, cotton etc. It does censuses was discarded at the 1981 Census and in not include fruit growing, vegetable growing or keep stead a trichotomy of main workers,mmginal workers ing orctlards or groves or working on plantations El\e and non-workers was adopted. For main worker the tea, coffee, rubber, chinchona and other medicinal time criteria of engagement in work for the major part plantations. :)f trle year i.e 183 days or more was adopted while II. Agricultural Labourer: A person who works on those who worked for sometimes during the last year another person's land for wages in cash, kind or share but not for the major part of the year i.e 183 days or is Gonsidered as an agricultural labourer. He/she has more were treated ns marginal workers. Those who no risk in the cultivation, but he/she merely works on had never worked during the last year \",ere treated as an.)ther person's land for wages. An agricultural non-workers. Ttlis trichotorTlY partially permitted a com labourer has no right of lease or contract on land on parability of 1981 Census economic data with lIlat of which he/she works. 1971 as well as 1961. The main workers of 1981 Census wete expected to correspond to the workers III. Livestock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and Plan of 1971 and moin workers and marginsl workers of tations, Orchards & Allied Activities: Those who 1981 together to the war kers of 1961. are engagud in rearing up goats, sheep, horses, pigs, ducks, bees, silk-worms are treated as workers under 40. In 1991, to ensure comparability of data, it livestock. Similarly, persons engaged in fis~ling or doing was decided to continue the concepts and definitions plantntion or conservation of forests come under this used in 1981 Census. It was further decided that the category of workers. 101ig reference period uf one yeQ~ for both seasonal and regulm activities would also be adopted as was IV. Mining and Quarrying: Persons engaged in dif done in 1981 Census. In order to ensure that the ferent type of mines such as coal, lignite, crude petro economic activity of unpaid workers on farm or in fam leum, natural gas, iron Ole, manganese, gold, silver, ily cnt8r,Jrise, specially the women and children who copper ores and quarrying of stones, clay and sandpits, are the predominent constituents of this work force, if precious and semi precious stones, mica etc. come properly enumerated in !tIe 1991 Census, it was de under this cntegory of workers. cidod to Incorporate the words "including unpaid work V. Manuf\lcturing, ProceSSing, Servicing and Re in fmm or in family entGrprise" in the Sctledille itself. pairs: On the question of see~ingJavailal)le for war k it was decided that thiS question stl0uld be canvassed only The category 118S been divided into two sub-cat for nOll-workers. Further to o.scelt~lin tile number of egoTles mmely (8) Housellold Industry and (b) Other (Iv) than Household Industry. adequately described. General labourers who are ac customed to work in various miscellaneous jobs are V (a). Household Industry: Household industry is de also ciassified under 'other services'. fined as an industry conducted by the head of the household himself/herself and/or mainly by the mam Marginal Workers ber of the household at home or within the village in 42. Marginal workers are those who hl"ve worked rural areas and within the premises of the house where any time at all in the year preceding the enumeration the hoLtehold lives in urban areas and that it does not but have not worked for major part of that year. in run as aregistered factory. A Household Industry fur other words, those who haVe worked any time at Fil: in ther related to production, processing, servicing, re the year preceding tile enumeration but the reriod tor pairil,g or making and selling (but not merely selling) which they have worked is less than 183 days are of goods. It does not include professions such as that categorised as marginal worr.ers. T!10se I'Jho have of a pleader, astrologer etc. or merely trade or busi worked for a major part of thot year ie for 183 days ness, even if such professions. trade or services are or more, are categorised as main Worl ')1 atter,ded 6 part-time class would be treated as en previous work would not be recorded. A person is to ~Pged in household duties and is not tr eated as stu be considered as 'long terminmate if he or she has dent been in such an institution for six months or more. (iii) Dependents (vii) Other Non-Workers 046. This category includ.}s a/l dependents such .. as infa,lts or children not attending school or a person 50. This category includes all norj·workers who permanently drsnbled from work because of illness or might not have come under any of the above SJx cat old age. Dependents include even able bodied per egories but who were looking for work. A boyar a g;rl sons who cannot be categorised in any other category who had completed education or had stopped s:"':dy of non-workers but are dependent on others. How ing and was looking tor work comes under this cat ever, if such a person who is dependent on others for egory. subsistence has been seeking work, he or she is categol ised as "other non-worker". SCOPE OF VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORY AND PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT (iv) Retired persons 01' Rentiers 51. In Part-A of the District Census Handbook, 47. A person who has retired from service and is entitled as Village and Town Directory, an attempt has doing no other work, i.e not employed again in some been made to present information regarding various full-time work or not engaged in work such as cUltiva amenities ffacilities available in every rural/urban unit tion, business, trade etc., or a person who is a rentier of the State. The unit of the rural areas is Village and, or living on agricultural or non-agrrcultural royalty, rent that of urban area is town/urban agglomeration. Infor or drvidend, or any other person of independent means mation regarding rural areas and Census Towns hHo:; for securing of which he or she does not have to V'vork, been gathered through Patwaries while that in respect will come under this category. However, if a retired of urban areas other than Census Towns has been person, apart from arawlng pension, is doing some collected through the concerned Municipality/Canton other work also, he has to be treated as a worker and ment Board/Notified Area Committee. In order to have not as a retired person. tile aforesaid inforrnntion authenticated, the concerned departments and agencies were also contacted to (v) 8egg:us furnish information available with them. All the infor mation gathered about amenities relate to year 1989 48. This category covers beggars, vagrants or and those pertaining to land-use pattern pertain to cases sucr I as persons wltllout Indicntlon of source of Sarnvat Year 2045 i.e tho agricultural year ending on income and those with unspecified sources of subsis the 30ttl June, 1989. tence who are not engaged in any economically pro ductive work. VILLAGE DIRECTORY (vi) Inmates of Institutions 52. It will be tlelpful at the outset to have an idea of the items for which information has been included 49. TillS covers convicts in jails or inmates of a in the Village Directory. Information in respect of each penal, mental or charitable institutions. even if such village has been presented through a eighteen col persons aie compelled to do some work such as car umn fonnat in which villages hnve been presented in pentry, carpet-we8vlng, vegetable-growing etc., in such order of their location codes assigned at tehsil level. institutions. But an undcrtri31 prisoner enumerated in a Tile first four coiumns give general information i.e jail has 10 be recorded tor the work he or she was Jocation code number, name. area in hectares, popu doing before he or she was apprehended. Similarly a lation and number of tlouseholds residing in village as person tamporsl dy in a hospital or other similar insti per Census 1991. The amenities available in the vil tution has to be recorded for the kind at work he or lage have been shown in columns 5-13. The informa she was dOing betor e he or she was admitted into the tion regarding land-use pattern has given in columns Ilospitallinstituticn. But for a long term under trial pris 14-18. In case of uninhabited villages, the information oner or eOlwict in a pr Ison or for long term inmate of has been given r elating to columns 1-3, 12 and 14-18 penal or ch3r Itable or ment;]1 institutions, the person's only and in the remaining columns the word 'uninhab- (Ivii) ited' has been mentioned. At the end of the entries of literacy classes/centres have been shown under each Tehsil/P.S. the totals relating to columns 3-6 'others'. and 14-18 (total area, amenities and land-use break 57. In case of Medicallnstitu~ions, Hospitals and up) have also been given. Dispensaries, Allopathy, Ayurvedic, Unani and Home 53. Various amenities like drinking water, com opathy have been shown together. Other institutions munication, post and telegraphs etc. have been shown include all types of Yogic, Naturopathy, Hospitals/Dis against the name of the referent village if they are pensaries, Leprosy Centres etc. available within the village with the help of various 58. I n case there are more than one source of codes. The Code Structure relating to various col potable water facility in the village all such sources umns has been given in the beginning of Section-I to have been shown separately. Postal amenities include Part-A of this book. The nlJmber of each type of Post Office, Telegraph Office and Telephone which amenity has been indicated in parentheses after the are shown separately. Actual day or days of markeV suitable code in case of educational, medical and post hat have been shown wherever such market/hat is & telegraph facilities. held. 54. If any amenity is not available within HIe 59. I n case there are more than one communi village a dash (-) has been shown in the relevant cation facilities these have been indicatied separately column and next to it, the distance of the nearest by relevant codes. Approach to the village refers to place from the referent village where the facility is the state of roads etc. leading to the village from the available has been given in broad distance ranges communication centres Le. bus-stand /railway station viz., -5 km., 5-10 km and 10+km. etc. this is to give an idea whether the village is easily approachable in all types of weather or becomes inac 55. The following pattern has been adopted for cessible for sometime in the year. Where there are indicating the educational institutions: more than one approach roads these have been indi (i) Schools upto Class V have been treated as cnted separately by relevant codes. primary schools. They include Nursery 60. I nformation regarding the nearest town indi Schools, Kindergarten Schools, Pre-basic and cates the name of such town alongwith the distance Pre- Primary Schools and Junior Basic from the referent village irrespective of the fact whether Schools upto Class V. such town is located within Rajasthan or in some other (ii) All schools havi:lg Classes VI to VIII have adjoining states. In case of town situated in states other th8n R8jasthcln, the concerned State has been been treated as Middle Schools. mentioned against its name in parenthesis with the (iii) All schools having Classes IX and X have help of abbreviations. The term ·town' here refers to been treated as Secondary Schools. one of !l10se urban centres which have been treated as towns in the concerned State during 1991 Census. (iv) All schools having Classes XI and XII have been treated as Higher Secondary Schools. 61 . I n order to give an idea about the uses which They include Senior Cambridge Schools, electricity is put to, the information has been given schools under 10+2 scheme, Intermediate, under the head "power supply" if it is available in the Pre-University and Junior College etc. village. 56. In case of composite schools relevant groups Land-Use Pattern of classes have been treated separately, e.g. a school 62. Th8 land-use pattern has been presented having classes I to XII, has been shown as having one under the following five headings:- primary, one middle, one secondary 8r.d one higher secondary school. The term 'College' includes all types Forest: of colleges whether Arts/Science/Commerce/Medical/ Engineering/Agriculture and others imparting educa It denotes those lands whicrl have been tion at Graduate or Post-Graduate level. Institutions termed as 'torest' by the competent author- ity. . other than industrial schools, tl aining .:;chools and adult (Iviii) II Irrigated Land: TOWN DIRECTORY It relates to land which has actually been 64. Particulars about each town have been pre irrigated in the referent year. The source sented in the form of six statements. I n towns where wise break-up has not been presented as there are notified slums an additional Statement(IV-A) no such information was available in has also been given in which information regarding respect of the net irrigated area. civic and other amenities available in the notified slums have been shown. In each statement towns have been III Unirrigated Land: arranged in alphabetical order. The term covers all the unirrigated land cul 65. As has been explained earlier, urban ag tivated during the referent year and land glomerations are of two types: first those constituted lying fallow upto four years. by two or more independent towns and second those where the urban characteristics have developed in'the IV Culturable Waste: adjoining rural areas which have developed as out growth of the referent town. It inciudes Gaucher i.e pasture and grazing land and tree-groves 66. Where an urban agglomeration includes two or more independent towns, the names of towns con stituting the agglomeration have been indicated in the V Area not available for CLJtivation: alphabetical arrangement but their names have also been repeated in the alphabetical order under the name It refers to land which has not been classi of the agglomeration after the name of the main or fied in any of the above mentioned types core town and informatIon relating to these has been and also includes house sites, roads, riv shown here. The particulars of the constituent units of ers, nullahs, hillocks etc. the agglomerations have not been repeated wherever they occur separately in the alphabetical order and a 63. The following four appendices have also been note "See referent agglomeration" has been given provided to present the position obtaining in Panchayat against such names. The lines relating to the informa Samiti and district as a whole regarding various ameni tion regarding urban agglomeration as a whole have ties available in rural areas, villages classified by char not been numbered but the constituent units as and acteristics of the population and land-use pattern in when they occur in the alphabetical order have been Census Towns in connection with the Village Direc numbered so that the last number agrees with the tory: total number of towns in the district concerned. In (i) P.$ wise Abstract of educational, medical respect of statements II, III and VI in the lines relating and other amenities. to agglomeration a note "See constituent units" has been shown and information has been provided sepa (ii) Land Utilisation data in respect of Census rately in respect of all the constituents below it. Towns. 67. In case of towns having out-growths, an as (iii) P ,$ wise list of those inhabited villages terisk mark has been placed against their names. In where no educational, medical, drinking formation in respect of out-growths has been included water, post and telegraph, day of the mar in the concerned town and has not been shown sepa ket/hat, communications and power supply rately. facilities are available. (iv) P ,S wise list of villages according to the 68. The amenities and other data have been proportion of Scheduled CGistes/Scheduled indicated by codes. A list of columnwise code struc Tribes population to total population by ture and other abbreviations used in each statement ranges. It consists of two parts: Part-A re has been provided at the beginning of Section-II of lates to Scheduled Castes and Part-B to Part-A of this book. We may now discuss the variOu3 Scheduled Tribes, Town Directory statements. (I ix) Statement I the referent town in km have been given in parenthe ses belOW the name of the place where it is situatej. 69. It deals with the status and growth history of In case the referent town itself har,pens to be the seat the town. Columns 2 to 7 give information regarding of the administrative headquarters, this distance has class, name and civic status of the town, its location been shown zero. Information regarding the nearest code number, name of the tehsil/panchayat samiti in city of population one lac or more has been given in which it is situated, its area in sq.km. and number of respect of ,its situation within the State or even if this households including houseless households residing city may be situated in other State. I n case the nearest in the town as per 1991 Census. The class of the town city happens to be situated in other State, the name of has been determined on the basis of its population as the concerned State has been shown against the name per Census, 1991 and the civic administration status of the city in rarentheses. How the referent town is relates to the year, 1990. Columns 8 to 17 show the approachable is given in columns 10 to 12 which in population of the town in differE:nt decennial censuses dicate the availability of communication facilities viz. beginning from 1901 upto 1991. The growth rate in railway station, bus-route and navigable river/canal terms of percentage in respect of previous censuses within 10 km. There is no navigable river or canal in has been shown below the population figures per- Rajasthan. taining to each Census beginning from Column 9 onwards. Statement III 70. A 'dash' under these columns indicates that 73. It gives information about the finances of the the referent town did not have an urban status in the civic body controlling the local civil administration and referent Census. Density of population per sq.km. as it has been presented in '00 rupees. A 'dash' in this per Census, 1991 has been shown in column 18 and statement indicates that no receipt or expenditure has sex- ratio (number of females per 1.000 males) have occurred under the particular head and 'N' represents been indicated for three censuses viz.1971 to 1991 in negligible amount. First three columns give general columns 19 to 21. information, columns 4 to 10 present receipt under broad categories and total receipt and columns 11 to Statement II 17 present expenditure under broad categories and total expenditure. The receipt and expenditure has been 71. This statement gives information aLJout the presented under six broad categories each. Wtlile physical aspects and locational particulars of the town reciept through taxes implies all receipts from taxes in 1989. First two columns give the serial number, Obligatory or others and revenue derived from munici name and class of the town. Columns ~ to 5 deal with pat properties and power apart from taxation, it also the physical aspects viz. rainfall and temperature. includes income derived from holding of fairs and Rainfall figures are the average of the rainfall for the exhibitions, supply 01 milk, licence fee, cattle-ponds, last ten years ending 1989-90. If the information in fines and penalties, transport services, places of en respect of rainfall is not available for any town it has tertainment, allotment/sale/lease of land and rent eto. been given for the nearest place tor which it is avail Government grants inctude per capita grant, grant from able. Rainfall has been shown in millirnetres per Public Works Department and grant from the Social annum. Maximum and minimum temperatures have Welfare and other departments. Other sources of re been given in centigrade. If the information regarding ceipts have been specified, wherever possible but temperature is not available in respect of any town it generally they are of miscellaneous nature. has been given for the nearest place for which it is available and ,he name of the centre has been shown 74. ExpenditurE'! on general administration cov in footnote. ers salary and wages of staff, contingent expenditure on staff, grants, loans and advances to the staff etc. 72. The location of the town with respect to vari Expenditure on public safety cover fire-fighting, light, ous administrative headquarters and nearest city is water and lease facilities, regulating the dangerous/ indicated in columns 6 to 9. While showing the loca hazardous trades/works/occupation, water supply, reg tion of the referent town with respect to various admin istration of births and deaths, disposal of garbage, istrative headquarters, names and their distance from rubbish and night-soil. PubliC health and conveniences (Ix) cover all types of medical aid and maintenance of the 78. In case of medical facilities the number of destitutes etc. Public works include maintenance and beds wherever available has also been shown. construction of roads and buildings and relief works in Allopathic, Ayurvedic, Unani and HomeopathiC hospi times of famine and scarcity. Expenditure in public tals/dispensaries have been shown separately. No code institutions covers all types of social, cultural, educa has been provided for allopathic institutions and their tional. religious institutions etc. Which are run or numbers have been shown only in figures. Thus '1' patronised by the municipality. Other sources of e': beside H, code for hospital means an Allopathic Hos pl3nditure have been specified where possible but pital. Separate codes have been provided for other mostly these are of miscellaneous nature. three systems of medicine. Statement IV 79. If a medical or educational facility is not avail able in the town, the name of the nearest place, if in 75. This statement deals with the civic and other the same district or the name of the nearest district if type of public amenities and provides information about in the same state or other state where available and total population. scheduled caste and scheduled tribe its distance (in km)from the referent town has been population, road length, system of sewarage, nurr.l)er mentioned. Details of medical institutions shown un and types of latrines, method of disposal of night-soil, der 'Others' have also been explained in the footnote protected water supply, availability of fire-fighting ser .below the Statement. vice and electrification besides General informatio~. In case of water supply the source of water as also the 80. Arts, Science and Commerce Colleges have system of its storage have been shown. The storage been shown separately. While showing the educa capacity has been shown in litres. In case of disJDosal tional institutions upto Higher Secondary level the same of night-soil and protected water supply particulars procedure as adoped in case of Village Directory, has have been given in respect of two methods/sources in been followed (See para 55). In case of composite order of their importance if more than one exist in the schools relevant classes have been treated separately town. In case fire-fighting service is not available in e.g. a school having classes I to XII has been treated the town the name of the nearest place if in the same as being composed of one Primary, one Middle, one district or the name of the nearest district if in the Secondary and one Higher Secondary School. same state or other state where available alongwith distance from the referent town has been mentioned. 81. All other types of educational institutions which are not covered in column 6 to 14 have been Statement IV-A shown in column 15 under 'Others' and include tech nical/vocational and training institutions like Applied 76. Information about notified slums in class I Art Painting College, Pharmacy College, Agricultural and " towns has been shown in this statement in College, Teachers' Training College/Institutions, order to give an idea about the amenities available to Music/Dance School etc. and the details regarding the slum dwellers. Particulars about paved roads, these have been shown in footnote below the state systems of sewerage, number and types of latrines, ment. method of disposal of night-soil, number of tap points/ public hydrants for supply of protected water and elec Statement VI trification have been provided in respect of every slum in each town, if there are any. 82. This statement contains particulars regard ing trade, commerce, industry and banking. It gives Statement V narnes of three most important commodities imported, exported and manufactured in the town besides the 77. Particulars of medical. educational, recre number of banks, agricultural and non-agricultural credit ational and cultural facilities available in the town have societies functioning in the town. A list of the out been given in this statement and the number of each growths. if any, alongwith their population and name type of these facilities has also been shown in paren of the core town has also been provided at the end of theses is alongwith the appropriate code. the Town Directory. (Ixi) PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT (PCA) total population and scheduled caste and scheduled tribe population. 83. The Primary Census Abstract gives for each territorial unit the number of occupied residential 88. I n case of Special PCA for scheduled castes houses, households, the total population, the sched and scheduled tribes, similar presentation as adopted uled caste and scheduled tribe population, literates, for the District PCA has beell followed. main workers by nine broad industrial categories of main activity, marginal workers and non-workers by 89 ..There are sixty columns in the District Pri sex. It, therefore, indicates the basic socia-economic mary Census Abstract. The first column shows the characteristics of the population for the territorial units. serial number and the second column gives the name of the district/panchayat samiti/urban agglomeration/ city/town. Total/Rural/Urban levels have been indicated 84. Primary Census Abstract has been presented in column 3. Area of the referent unit has been indi at three levels : cated in column 4 in square kilometres. Column 5 and 1. District Primary Census Abstract, 6 deal with the number of occupied residential houses and number of households residing in the referent 2. Villaqerrown Primary Census Abstract, unit. Information regarding total population, including 3. Special Primary Census Abstract for Sched institutional and houseless population, has been pre uled Castes/Scheduled Tribes. sented in columns 7-9 with sex-wise distribution. Popu lation in the age group 0-6 with sex-wise break-up for 85. The District PCA has been prepared at DisricV each of the referent unit has been given in columns10- Panchayat Samiti/Town/City/UA level. Sepatate data 12. This information has been given for the first time for tehsils have not been presented in the District PCA. and will enable data users to compute more realistiC However, a separate Appendix to District PCA has literacy rate, as the 1991 Census has treated all per been given which provides separate PCA totals for sons below 7 years of age as illiterate at the time of each Tehsil/Town etc. in the district. This appendix counting. provides continuation of earlier census presentation. 90. Columns 13-15 and 16-18 deal with the sex wise presentation of scheduled caste and scheduled 86. Panchayal Samiti is the main unit of presen tribe population respectively. Information regarding lit tation of data in the Village PCA rather than the tradi tional tehsils etc. The district figures in the village/town erates has been shown in columns 19-21. Columns 22-24 deal with the sex-wise breakup of main workers PCA is followed by the first panchayat samiti, its vil and columns 25-54 dc?1 with the classification of main lages and census towns and outgrowth, if any, and thereafter the second panchayat samiti and iis con workers into nine industrial categories sex-wise corre sponding to categories of workers used in 1971 Cen stituents and so on. While presenting the data for each panchayat samiti care has been taken to arrange vil sus. As compared to 1981 Census, while categories lages tehsil-wise, if the panchayat samiti lies in more I (Cultivator), 11 (Agricultural labourer) and III (Manu than one tehsil. The data pertaining to Towns/Cities/ facturing, Processing, Servicing and Repairs in House Urban Agglomerations are being presented in the end hold I ndustries) corresponds to categories I, II and after the last panchayat samiti. Census Towns and V(a) of the 1991 Census, the category IV (Other out-growths of the statutory towns falling within the Workers) of 1981 has been bifurcated into following categories in 1991 Census: jurisdiction of panchayat samiti have, however, been included as the urban portion of the panchayat samiti. Categories of workers of At the end of Village/Town PCA an appendix has been 1991 Census included in 'Other Description given which contains the name and code of panchayat Workers' of 1981 Census samities or parts of panchayat samities included in 1 2 each tehsil. III livestock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting 87. The Town PCA also has an appendix. This and Plantations. Orchards and Allied appendix gives at urban enumeration block level the activities. (Ixii) 2 the DistricVPanchayat Samiti/U.A./City/Town level. IV Mining and Quarrying There are fifty two columns in this format. The first V(b) Manufacturing,Processing, Servicing two columns give the serial number and name of the and Repairs in other than Household DistricVPanchayat Samiti/U.A./Cityrrown respectively. Industries Column 3 indicates whether the information is for total, VI Construction rural or urban areas. Column 4 gives the number of VII Trede & Commerce households with Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe VIII Transport, Storage and Communica members. Columns 5-7 give the sex-wise distribution tion of scheduled caste/scheduled tribe population. Popu IX Other Services lation in age group of 0-6 with sex-wise break-up has 91. Columns 55-57 and 58-60 deal with sex-wise been given in columns 8-10. distribution of marginal workers and non-workers re spectively. 97. Columns 11-13 show the sex-wise break-up of literates among Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes. 92. There are forty three columns in the Primary Columns 14-16 deal with the number of main workers Census Abstract for presenting data at the village/ while columns 17-46 present the sex-wise break-up of town level. The first column shows the location code main workers into nine industrial categories. Columns numbers of the unit for which the information has been 47-49 deal with sex-wise distr;butlon of marginal work provided and the second column gives the name of ers and columns 50-52 present the sex-wise distribu panchayat samiti/village/town/ward. I n the case of vil tion of non-workers among the Scheduled Castes/ lage, area has been presented in hectares and in the Scheduled Tribes. case of pnchayat samiti/town, in square kilometres in column 3. Area 93. Column 4 and 5 deal with the number of occupied residential houses and number of house 98. Area figures have boon adopted from two holds residing in the referent unit. Information regard sources. The figures for the total geographical area of ing total population has been given in colurnns 6 to 8 the district have been made available by the Surveyor with sex-wise break-up. The total population here in General, India. Since the Surveyor General's area fig cludes institutional and houseless population. Popula IJres are not available below district level for ruraV tion in age group 0-6 with sex-wise break-up has been urban areas separately, data for individual towns was given in columns 9-11. collected from the municipal and other local authorities and in a few cases, where outgrowths (part) are formed 94. Information regarding Scheduled Caste and approximate urban areas have been made use of. The Scheduled Tribe population has been preser.ted in rural area figures for a district have been derived by columns 12-13 and 14-15 respectively by giving sex subtracting the total urban area from the total geo wise distribution. Information regarding number of lit graphical area of that district. erate males and females in each referent unit has been given in columns 16-17. 99. At the panchayat samiti/tehsillevel, however, totals have been arrived at by adding the actual urban 95. Columns 18 and 19 deal with number of male and rural area figures, the later having been obtained and female main workers respectively while columns by adding up the area figures of all the constituent 20 to 39 deal with classification of main workers into villages. Thus it will be seen that while urban area nine industrial categories. Columns 40-41 deal with figures in the tehsil will add up to the urban compo male and female marginal workers and columns 42-43 nent at the district level, the same is not true for rural deal with male and female non workers. area in as much as the panchayat samiti/tehsil level rural area figures will not add up to the rural areas as 96. As stated earlier, the data in respect of sched reported at the district level. The area figures have uled castes and scheduled tribes have separately been been given in sq.km. upto two places of decimal at all presented in the Special Primary Census Abstract at levels. (Ixiii) DISTRICT PROFILE comparatively longer. His period is noteworthy for two Historical Backdrop of the District events viz~he help given to the British by the ruler at The present day Pali District was carved out from the the time of the Indian Mutiny of 1857, in recognition of erstwhile princely State of Jodhpur of which it was an which he was rewarded with a "Sanad" in 1862, recognising integral part. The district is named after its main town his right of Adoption, (ii) the 'Durbar' held by Lord Mayo, Pali which is diminutive of Palika whose references are the Viceroy at Ajmer in 1870 which the Jodhpur ruler did found in old inscriptions. The region was rich in heritage not attend. This marked the beginning of his conflict with and prosperous as is seen from Jain monuments at the British. Takhat Singh was succeeded by Jaswant Ranakpur and elsewhere. Pali was an important busi Singh II (1873-1895) whose rule was marked by reforms ness centre and had its business ties upto very remote and modernisation of administration. He was followed by areas of China and Middle East. two minors in quick succession, Sardar Singh and Sumer Singh. Then came Umaid Singh who ruled upto June, 2. The authentic history of Pali is being traced way back 1947. from 10th Century AD with the establishment of Chauhan dynasty at Nadol by Rawal Lakha whose influence was 6. After independence the State of Jodhpur was merged felt in various parts of Gujarat and Mewar. Anhilla the in the United States of Greater Rajasthan in 1949 by eighth ruler of the line is said to have fought a war with Hanumant Singh successor of Umaid Singh. The present Mahmud of Ghazni in 1025 A.D. nearSomnath. Another district came into existence with minor adjustments. The heir of this dynasty Jayatsimha fought against Qutbuddin district consisted of four sub-divisions in 1949 at the time Aibak at Ajmer. The Rathors came on the scene in 1294 of creation viz. Jaitaran, Pali, Bali and Sojat and six A. D. But because of the absence of authentic records the tehsils namely. Jaitaran, Pali, Bali, Sojat, Desuri and history during 13th and 14th centuries is obscure be Sendra. Later Sendra tehsil was abolished and Raipur cause of controversaries. At that period Rathores and and Kharchi tehsils were then created during the period Muslim invadors were often at war and sometimes a 1951-61. Raipur tehsil was created by transferring 69 valiant personality attracted the attention of the public. villages and one former Raipur town from Jaitaran tehsil One such personality was Jodhaji, the founder of Jodh and the entire area of the former Sendra Tehsil. Likewise pur in 1459 AD. After the death of Jodhaji in 1489 his son 'Kharchi' tehsil was tormed by taking out 120 villages established independent principalities in the surrounding from Sojat tehsil. The present administrative structure of region. the district is as follows: 3. The history of the next four centuries i.e. till the end Name of ~ame of Tehsil Name of of 18th century, is a lengthy account of indifferent succes Sub-division Town sors and their fights among themselves or muslim com manders of Delhi Sovareigns Maldeo was the most 1. Jaitaran 1.Jaitaran 1.Jaitaran notable-ruler among them who expanded his kingdom 2. Raipur 2.Nimaj enormously during (1532-62) and brought in contact with 3.Raipur the imperiatterritories of Agra and Delhi. This was during 2. Sojat 3. Sojat 4.Sojat the time of Sher Shah. After the death of Malde. 5.Sojat however, Jodhpur was again overrun by the Mughals. Road(CT) 4. Marwar In. 6. Marwar In. 4. The Mughal empire began to disintegrate with the 3. Bali 5. Bali 7.Phalna death of Aurangzeb in 1707 and the new aspirants of 8.Bali hegemony in North India made Rajputana a battle field to 6. Desuri 9.Sadri try their strength. The rulers of Mewar and Marwar, the 10.Sumerpur Marathas and tne Pindaries, the Mughal governors of 11.Takhatgarh Malwa and Gujarat made inroads and spread devasta 12 Rani tion and misery all round. The incursions in Rajputana 4. Pali 7. Pali 13 Pali stopped only after 1818 A.D. when Chhater Singh of Jodhpur signed a treaty with the British. Administrative Set Up 5. After that the reign of Takhat Singh (1843-1873) was 7. Collector, who is also the District Magistrate is the (Ixiv) administrat;ve head of the district. There is also one post there. The district is surrounded by Aravalli ranges on its of Additional District Magistrate and two posts of Assis- south-east. The general slope of the district is trom east tant Collector and Magistrate in the district of which one to west direction. The district headquarter is located is posted at the District headquarters and the other at about 212 metres above main sea level. The soil of the Desuri. The district has four sub-divisional otticers and district is mostly sandy loam and the water table in general seven tehsildars posted respectively in SUb-divisions and is within 15 metres from the ground level. The lower level tehsils. Sumerpur and Rohat are two sub-tehsils. of the sand is made of rocks of calcium carbonate. The soils of Bali, Desuri and Rani Panchayat Samilies have 8. The District Rural Development Authority is the high- good permeability and therefore appropriate for agricul est body responsible for the developmental activities at tural operations. On the other hand soils of Kharchi, Sojat the district level and is controlled by an Additional Collec- and Rohat Panchayat Samities have less permeability tor (Development) who also happens to be a ex-officio and is saline in nature. Because of salinity the ~and Project Director. The Collector is the head of its admin- unusable for cultivation is increasing. istrative council. The district has one Zila Parishad, 10 Panchayat Samities and 209 Gram Panchayats. The 13. There is no perennial river in the district. Four Chief Executive Officer executes all the functions of Zila tributaries of river Luni viz. Sukri, Lilri, Sandi and Jawal Parishad whereas the BOO executes at the Panchayat flow in the district. There is no lakE: or natural spring in the Samiti level. district. For irrigation purposes a nllrnber of big and small tanks have been constructed. Among them, Jawai dam 9. The District Superintendent of Police is the chief of in Bali tehsil has the largest capacity while the smallest is Police force in the district. He is being assisted by an Walar tank. There are also five dams viz. Jawai, Raipur, Additional Superintendent of Police and five Deputy Su- Luni, Hemawas Kharda and Baratiya Khurd basically perintendent of Police. The five circles cover 22 police used for irrigation purposes. stations and 34 police chowkies. There is also a post of Deputy Commandant of Home Guards. Climate 10. There are courts of one District and Sessions Judge, 14. The climate of the district is dry and has extremes. Additional District and Sessions Judge (Bali), one Chief It is very hot during summer and very cold during winter. Judicial Magistrate, three Additional Chief Judicial Magis- The district has registered the maximum temperature of trates (Bali, Sojat and Pali) and eight Munsif and Addi- 45° celcius and the minimum of 0° celcius in 1986. In the tional Munsifs imparting justice in the district. same year the average mean temperature was 22.5° celcius. January is the coldest month whereas from May Physiography to early of June are the hottest months. 11. Pali district is bounded by Jodhpur in the north, Jalor 15. Normal rainfall in the district is 49.04 cms. The in the South-west, Sirohi in the South and Udaipur in the average number of rainy days (days with rainfall of2.5rnm South east. It also touches the boundary of Siwana tehsil or more) are only 22 ina year. The average annual rainfall of Barmer district on the west. The district is almost snail of the district was 85.84 cms. and the maximum rainfall like in shape and resembles an irregular triangle with was recorded as 120.5cmsat Balicentreintheyear 1990. undulated plains. It lies between 24°45' and 26°29' north The humidity during south west monsoon period is nor latitudes and 72°47' and 74°18' east longitudes. mally high which remains quite low during the rest of the year. In 1990, the average percentage of humidity of the 12. The area of the district may be called sUb-mountain- district was 50.75. ous and has undulated plains with scattered hills here and 16. The table given below indicates the average rain fall. (Ixv) temperature and humidity of the district year-wise during tion is done on contract basis. F6lspar, Quartz, Asbes the decade 1981-89. tos, Calcite, Gypsum, white clay and other clay, soap· Year Rain fall T emgerature (In celciusj Average stone, Magnesite and Bali clay are considered to be principal (main) minerals. On the other hand limestone, (in Cm) Max. Min. Av. humidity. Rhyolite, Marble. Masonry stone, Blick clay, sand, and Granite are considered to be secondary minerals During 1981 1597 41.0 10.0 25.5 64.8 the year 1989-90 among prinCipal minerals (main) a total 1982 32.46 42.0 5.0 23.5 58.4 of 62'888 tonnes were extracted. The maximum tonnage 1983 3001 45.0 2.0 23.5 58.3 was of Gypsum (49980) followed by Quartz (7514) and 1984 26.88 440 2.0 23.0 53.9 Asbestos (2518) etc Similar!y a total of 282791 tonnes of 1985 24.32 45.0 4.0 24.5 58.0 secondary minerals were extracted during the year 1989- 1986 31.63 45.0 0.0 22.5 N.A 90. Among them the extraction of limestone was maxI 1987 1617 43.0 1 0 22.0 N.A mum (145412 tonnes), followed by Masonry stone (84334) 1988 47.40 3L t.9 20.1 27.5 44.3 etc. 1989 43.52 34.3 184 26.4 44.4 ·Source Zlla YOJna Pall. Is! Par! 1989-90-1990-95 Fcrest, Flora and Fauna Geology and Minerals 19. The forest of the distnct constitute about 6 28 pHr cent of the total area The forests corne unde: subSidiary 17. The geological formation of the district is repre edaphic type of dlY tropical foresis. These are widely sented by different igne0u5 sedimentary and meta sedi scattered over hillocks and ridges and th·)st:: in the plains mentary rocks. The Delhi Super Group rocks repre are known as Grass Blrs. The forests have fewer and sented by Ajabgarh Group occur neer the eastern border driest species along the border at Ajmer district whereas of the district and consists of schists, phyiiltto, :11mbfe and the forests are denser and have morf' species along the basic volcanics. They are intruded by granites ailU borders of Sirohi and Udai~ur districts. For the develop rhyolites, the predominant of which is the Erin~ura Gran ment and security and safety of the forests, they have ite which covered the south and south eastern parts at the been divided into five ranges namely Pall, Bali, Desurl. Jlstrict. The Jalor type of granites are exposed south of Sojat Road and Sendra. Pali town and are generally pink in colour. The Melani rhyolite (volcanic) cover only small areas restricted to the 20. Dhokra (Anogeissus pendula) and Salar (Boswellia south west of Pali. The rocks of the Marwar Super Group Serrata) in group with other assuciate species term the occur in the northern part of the district and are repre main flora of the district. i\nogessus pendula in Its pure sented by limestone. dolomitp., sandstone and shales. form and sometimes in mixture with its associates IS found between a height of 300-650 metres above mean 18 Rich deposits otthe minerals like Asbestos, Calcite, sea level. while Boswellia serrata forests with Its associ Felspar, Clay, Gypsum are found in the district. Phylite ates are found on higher reaches of the Aravalli Hills and marble are found near the eastern border ot the district. whereas granite and rhyolite in the south east of 21. Khejra (Presopis spiciaera), Babul (AcaCia arablca). the district. Asbestos is used in the industries engaged in Dhak (Butea monosperma). Gular (FICUS glomerJta\, Bar the manufacturing of spun pipe and fittings. Calcite of (Ficus bengalenis), Peepal (Ficus religio8:::~ al'! Jamun high quality is found in the district which is used in c6ramic (Euginea Jambolana) are the main species found along and pottery industries. Large deposits of high grade the nullahs. Dhak (Butea monosperm::t). Beri (Zizyphus limestone used for the cement manufacture are found in jujllba), Khejra (Prosopis spicigera), Kuntha (AcaCia Sojat. Kharchi. Bali, Jaitaran etc. tehsils. The contents of Senegal) are the species found on plateaus r.alcium carbonate in lime are as high as 96.21. Granite is found in uesuri. Kharchi, Bali, Raipur and Pali tehsil<:>. 22. Vitex nigundo, Adhatod~\7asica. Tamerix dlolca. Clay deposits are found in Jaitaran tehsil. Felspar is Adhatoda xanthium Strum~riun are the stirubs found occurred in Ralpur tehsil and Thandi Beri, Birathiya Khurd along nallahs, while the shrubs found on pleateau are "ld Bera. Calcite is also found In abundence in Ra~pur capparis separia, clerododendron plllomoJdes Grevlc spe \Chsil Thus Pali district is rich in minerals whose extrac·~. cies. The shrubs found on poorer SIL.s are caS::lCl (Ixvi) auriculata, calotropis and euphorbia nivulia etc. 1 2 3 4. Other uncultivated 23. The grass Birs which are met with in the Sadri and land excluding 91,350 7.41 Oesuri Ranges are composed of sparsely grown trees fallow land mixed w~h grass like-Eragrostis specie£', Cenchirus ciliaris, 5. Cultivable waste 44,720 3.63 Cenchrus setigerus, Lasirus indicus, Pichanthium 6. Fallow land 198,575 16.10 annulatum. Schima nurussum and Eremopogon 7. Net area sown 615,558 49.92 faveolatus. Total 1,233,079 100.00 24. Wild Boar (Suscriatasus), Common Langoor Source Zila Yojna Pall. (Semnopithecus entellus), Panther (Panthera Dardus), Wolf (Canis lupus), Hyena (Hyaena hyaena), Jungle cat Crop Pattern (Felis chaus). Fox (Vulpes bengalensis), Jackal (Canis anrous), Sambhar (Rose unicollor), Indian Gazelle (Gezelle 28. The district enjoys comparatively more favourable benetti), Bush rat (Golunda ellioti), Common Hare (Lupus conditions for agriculture than other districts of Western davanus), Mongoose (Herpastes edwaridisi), squirrel Rajasthan. Kharif and Rabi are the main crops. Kharif (Fanambrilus spp), Hedge Hog (Hemiechuins collaris) crops are primarily rainfed whereas Rabi crops are are the wild animals found in the forest of the district. irrigated. The Kharif crops are sown in June-July and Nilgai (Blue Bulls) are commonly found in the grass Bin;. harvested in October-November and the Rabi crops The reptiles like lizards and snakes are common through sown in October-November and harvested in February out the forest area. March. Jowar, Bajra, Maize besides chillies, groundnut, sesamum and cotton are the kharif crops. The important - 25. The birds like bulbul, myna. pigeon, partridge, sand Rabi crops are wheat, barley, gram, rape and mustard. grouse. blue rock pigeon, green pigeon, ql:ails, peafowls, The following table shows about the area sown and Jungle fowls. parakeets. sparrows, teals. crow pheasant, production of main crops in the district during 1988-89:- blue Jar and the night Jar are found In the district. Also birds like darters, cormorants, saras egrets, ibis, storks and Crop Area Production lapwings are found near water reservoirs. (in hectares) in tonnes 26 The l1'Iain varieties of fish found in various bandhs A. Cereals: are currinus mrigle, myptus singhala, wallago altu, lebeo 1. Bajra 200,248 108,736 bata, chola bacalle, cureuic reba, notoptres netroteries 2. Jowar 93,756 21,463 and oplincephatus stritus and 0 Puties. 3. Maize 27,703 27,836 4. Wheat 48,344 55,152 land Use 5. Barley 7,860 11,687 6. Rice 8 11 7. Small millets 937 277 27. As per the land records the total area of the Pali district for the land utilisation purposes was 1233079 B. Pulses: hectares In 1989-90. The classification of the land use in 1. Gram 11,119 8,388 the district during 1988-89 was as follows:- 2. Other Kharif pulses 22,729 8,696 Classification Area Percentage 3. Tur 1 1 of the Land use (in hectares) to total area 4. Other Rabi pulses 45 38 1 2 3 C. Commercial Crops: Forests 77,671 6.30 1. Sesamum 84,162 17,639 2 Land put to 2. Rape & Mustard 62,503 53,122 non-agricultural use 54,208 4.40 3. Linseed 20 8 3. Barren and 4. Groundnut 515 339 5. Castor Seed 259 46 unCUltivated land 150,997 12.24 Source DIstrict authorities (Ixvii) Tenancy on whom Sub-Civisional Officer shall suo moto confer khatedari rights after ten years of allotment provided that 29. Tenancy in the State is governed by the Rajasthan the allottee lulfills all the terms and conditions of allotment Tenancy Act 1955. It is one of the most important and during this period. Similar is the case of other allottees progressive laws relating to agrarian reforms. The provi who were otherwise allotted land by State Government. sions of the Act apply in respect of land held by tenants as if the State Government were the land holder acting Agricultural lmplements and Machinery through the Tehsildars. In relation to the land held by him, every cultivator is either a tenant or a sub-tenant or an 35. There has been a decline in the number of agncul allottee or a trespasser. A tenant is one who is required tural implements in total in the district between the two to pay some rent on account of use and occupation of land quinquennial livestock census of 1977 and 1987 respec let out to him for agricultural or allied purposes. Grantee tively due to the decline in the number of ploughs and with a favourable rate of rent, Ijardar, thekedar or tres animal driven carts. However due to the modernisation of passer is not considered a tenant. the agricultural implements, the diesel/electric driven engines have increased manyfold. The following table 30. There are following classes of tenants: shows the comparative number of agricultural imple (a) Khatedar tenants, ments/machinery in 1977 and t 987 respectively: (b) Maliks, (c) Tenants of Khudkasht, and Agricultural Year (d) Ghair-Khatedar tenants. Implements 1977 1987 31. A Khatedar tenant is entitled to all the rights con 1. Ploughs 85602 50767 ferred and is subject to all the liabilities imposed on 2. Animal driven carts 31417 22623 khatedartenant by the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, a Zamindar 3. Diesel Engine 3049 14563 or a Biswedar holding kh udkasht was tre:lted as a khatedar 4. Sugar cane crushers 4 655 tenant irrespective of whether he was or not in occupation 5. Electric pumps 3314 12655 on the date of vesting. 6. Tractors 1353 3477 7. Ghanis 867 1868 32. Malik is a Zamindar or Biswedar who has become Malik o~ khudkasht land held by him on abolition of Total 125606 106608 Zamindari and Biswadari in 1959. The word 'Malik' was Source: Zila Yojna Pali-1989-90-1990-95 also added to Section 14 of the Rajasthan Tenancy Act to classify it as a class of tenants. Section 13 of the Act Irrigation provides that a Malik is entitled to all the rights conferred and is subject to all the liabilities imposed on khatedar 36. The net irrigated area of the district (109768 hect tenant and so in substance, this class of tenancy is ares) during 1989-90 constitute 18.3 percent of the total nothing but a khatedar tenant. area sown (599933 hectares). Wells are the main source of irrigation, which covered 95.10 percent of the net area 33. As Zamindars and Biswedars holding khudkasht irrigated during 1989-90 in the district. The f0110wing table were treated as khatedar tenants, a tenant ot khudkasht reflects the sources of irrigation and the area covered by is essentially a sUb-tenant in view of the fact that a sub them. tenant is also eligible for protection of his cultivatory rights Area (in hectares) irrigated by different sources even against khateaar tenant, a tenant of khudkasht or a sUb-tenant is a Ghair Khatedar tenant. Tanks Tube Well Well Other Total 3820 1529 104384 35 109768 34. A trespasser is a person who takes or retains Percentage possession of land without authority or who prevents to total net 13.48 1.39 95.10 0.03 100.00 another person from occupying land duly let out to him by area irrigat- the State After regularisation the trespasser ber.omes an ed 3.lIottee. An allottee is tieated as a Ghair Khatedar tenant Source' Zlla YOJna Pail 1990 (Ixviii) 37. The district has 93 dams, of which three dams, one ...!_1 _ ___.!2=--______::3::..______:4 ___ ...:5=-- __ each at Gajnai, Potanlia and Chirpatia are broken. Total 14 Jute and catchment area of all the dams is 238150.14 acres. The Mesta 34 202 16.83 capacity of 89 dams was 20197.3 million cubic feet in 15 Colours and 1989-90. The largest dam of the district is Jawai dam (in colouring 14 15746 0.09 Ball Tehsil) whose storage capacity if 7337.5 million cubic agents . teet and covers 102315 acres of cultivable command 16 Medicines and area. Besides it there are a total of 45941 wells and 285 intoxicants 625 625 100.00 tube wells. Of total wells, 32525 are usable and the 17 Fodder 3502 60495 5.79 remaining 13416 unusable. The maximum number of 18 Peddy 9 0.00 wells are in Pali, Ball and Desuri tehsils. The number of wells are comparatively less in Raipur, Jaitaran and Sojat Total 109768 599933 18.3 tehsils as they fall in Dark Area. 39. Under the Desert Development and DPAP 38. Wheat and sesamum (Til) are the major crops sown programme in 1989-90 a total of 26 watersheds besides in irrigated area. The following table shows the irrigated 29 anicuts and 37 Kharis were constructed by the Agricul area as per the crops sown in 1989-90. ture Department which enhanced the irrigational capacity by 443 and 970 hectares respectively. S.No. Name of Area Total area Percentage of crop irrigated sown (in irrigated area 40. A provision of Rs. 48.44 lakhs was made for the (in hect hectares) to total area development of irrigational facilities in the district during ares) sown per crop 1990-91. However, contrary to it Rs. 46.42 lakhs were 2 3 4 5 spent upto December, 1990. The pending 18 construc tional works of the previous year and 10 committed Jowar 36 80287 0.04 projects were in progress. Apart from this the sanction for 4 new and 7 projects of second priority was granted. An 2 364 155381 0.23 additional sanction of Rs. 26. 661akhs was also granted for miscellaneous works. 3 Maize 6166 28084 21.96 Animal Husbandry 4 Barley 4723 4883 96.72 41. Pali district is rich from the point of view of cattle 5 Wheat 33850 35105 96.43 wealth. It was 4.90 percent of the total cattle wealth of the 6 Other State. The following table shows the comparative posi cereals and tion of cattle wealth during 1983 and 1987. foodgralns 8 1350 0.59 7 Pulses 61 30485 0.20 S. N.o. Cattle 1983 1987 8 Gram 1487 8580 17.33 1 Cow/Ox 543774 318565 2 He Buffaloe/ 146820 152234 9 Sugarcane 2 4 50.00 She Buffaloe 3 Sheep 646034 1030432 10 Spices 7791 7802 99.86 4 Goat 447109 468827 5 Horses/Mule 2019 932 FrUits & 6 Donkey 9260 8413 Vegetables 1250 1355 92.25 7 Camel 12024 18732 . 8 Pig 2445 8044 12 Sesamum 40755 160169 25.44 Total 1809485 2006179 Poultry 13683 32141 Cotton 9100 9374 9707 Source Zlla YOJna Pall district, 1990-92 (Ixlx) 42. The above table shows that the total cattle wealth VI 2 Commer- 9971 663 12879 14617 1019 15218 the district has increased over the period 1983-87. It was clal due to the increase in the number of buffaloes, sheep, 3 Industrial 4212 2800 2976 48403 3374 3557 goats and camel, though the number of cows has de 4 Public clined. The number of poultry has also increased more Lighting 0889 059 220 1380 090 253 than two fold. 5 Public Water Works 8705 5.79 375 8944 '323 559 43. Cows/Oxen of the famous bread of Kankrej and 6 Irrigation (Agri- Nagauri are found in the district. Buffaloes of Murra cultural) 75196 5000 13749 48870 3407 14993 bread, sheep and goat and camel of Marwari bread are 7 Others 1 188 079 130 1485 104 155 also found in the district. 150404 10000 94330 143448 10000 125423 44. For the health, safety and protection from various Source' 211a YOJna Pall 1989-90. 1990-92 epidemics among the cattle the following veterinary units are functioning in the district. Industries and Labour 48. Traditional industries related to Handloom. Dyeing S.No. Institutions Numbers and Printing, Leather work and smithy, sh(Je-makmg, wood work and black-smithy were WI 8xlstence in the 1. Veterinary Hospital, Pali Gr. I 1 district duri:1g pre-Independence period After the estab 2. Veterinary Hospitals Gr. " 27 lishment of District Industries Office In 1956. Industria! 3. Veterinary Health Centres 13 areas were developed at Pali Sojat, Marwar Junction 4. Veterinary Dispensaries 10 Peepaliya Kalan and Sumer'pur. For this a branch of 5. Mobile Units 2 Rajasthan Financial Corporation was also opel leu In 6. District Veterinary Laboratory 1 1979. 7. Village based programmes 1 8. Intensive Poultry Development Division 1 49. Pa!i tcwrl is the main cent~e of Industrial activity of Total 64 the district where the work related to dyeing and pnnting Source Zlla YOJna Pall. 1989-90. 1990-92 is mainly done. Sumerpur IS the next Industrial centre after Pali where engineering goods edible oils, steel 45 During 1990-91 upto September, 1990, 177893 and Furniture, powerloom and textiles are produced Lime 137876 cattle were treated and medicines distributed to stone based industries such as chemicals and bUilding them respectively, 2851 were artificially inseminated and materials have been established in Sojat as its large 12911 were sterilised. Apart from this 110095 cattle were reserves have been fOund in SOJat. Also 'Mehandl' IS vaccinated and 8570 were dosed. produced here which has reached International markets Falna is famous industrial centre tor umbrellas whereas Power and Electricity Rani is famous for stones used in flooring and manufac tUring of different types of machines. In the district Maha 46. Pali district has attained a rare distinction in achiev raja Shri Ummed Milis Ltd. in Pall and Messers P .G. FOils ing cent percent villages and towns being electrified by the in Peepalia Kalan of RalpurTehsil are heavy and medium end of 1990. Besides it, 15994 wells were also electrified. range industries where medium or superfine cloth and copper foils are produced respectively 47. Thefollowing table shows the distribution of electric ity according to its usage over a period from 1985-86 50. The project capital for both the industries has been t01989-90. estimated to Rs. 18 9 crores whereas their working capital is Rs. 17 cr0res. About 6000 people are employed Type of 1985-86 1989-90 in thel II. There are about 4500 khadl Village Industries In use Units Percen No.of Units Percen- t,o of tage consu- tage consu the district. mers mers 51. A total of 5520 industrial units were registered in the 1 Domestic 12 34 820 63895 19749 1377 91693 (lxx) district in the year 1990 and about 19000 people were various department such as 36 in Central Government, engaged In them. The following table shows the different 69 in State Government, 18 in Local Bodies and the types of factories registered, their number, employment remaining 41 in private sector. and capital invested. 55. The following table shows the number of persons S No. Type of No. of Capital Employ- registered under different disciplines in the district ending Industry Units investment ment 31.12.90. (Rs. in lakhs) S.No. Type of Employment I~umber of 1. Agriculture based 930 80.00 2000 persons 2. Mineral based 340 150.00 2000 2 3 3. Leather based 1521 80.00 3000 1. Professional and other 4. Agricultural related Technical 2148 Implements 192 160.00 800 2. Adrninistrative and Managerial 41 5. Textiles 680 750.00 6000 3. Clerical 20 6. Forest based 392 90.00 1000 4. Selling & related 7 Chemicals 140 80.00 300 5. Agricultural, fishery, hunting etc. 1656 8 Repairing 298 40.00 800 6 Service 6 9 Cement based 55 45.00 150 7. Production and related 10. Iron based 408 80.00 1200 machanic transport drivers 565 11. Miscellaneous 564 425.00 1750 8. Unclassified 18295 Total 21240 Total 5520 1980.00 19000 Source. Zila Yojna Pali, 1990 Source Zila YOJna Pall 1989-90. 1990-92 Trade and Commerce 52. For the Industrial development in the district, differ ent departmental schemes are functioning, these are (i) 56. Wool, sheep, goats, hides, skins, woollen cloth, Sales Tax Easative Scheme for Industries 1987 and wood charcoal, cumin seed, sesamum, chillies, mehandi Sales Tax Deferment Scheme for Industries 1987, (2) and ajwain are the main items being exported from the Interest free loan scheme, (3) capital reinvestment scheme, district. Wool is exported to countries like England and (4) Import of rare and raw goods and (5) Exemption for America. The items which are being imported into the toll tax and ivlandi Tax Scheme etc. district are fine cloth, ivory, raw material. general provI sions, sugar, kerosene and fruits. 53. There is ample scope for the development of min erai based industries in the district. I ndustrial units related 57. A total of 142 branches of different banks are to marble cutting and polishing can be established as functioning in the district Of which 68 are of Regional marble is found near Sendra and in Dujana, Sindra and Rural Bank~. 40 of commercial banks and 26 of co Jadn villages of Raipur Tehsll. Industries based on lime operative banKS. Apart from this 4 branches of Pali Land stone such as manufacture of calcium carbide, bleeching Development Bank and 4 of Urban CQoperative Banks powder and mini cement plants can be established as are also functioning inthe district. Rajasthan Finance lime stone of chemical grade of 96.2 percent purity is Corporation and Rajasthan Khadi Village I ndustry Com found In Sojat area. Similarly industries based on calcite, mission also play an important role in providing financial gypsum. asbestos, chlnaclay, granite, quartz, telspercan facilities in the district. In these branches of banks there be establisr,ed at> these minerals are found in plenty. were deposits of Rs.1 0099.69 lakhs and advances made were of Rs.7057.30 lakhs as at the end of September, 54. Ther& were. 21240 persons registered in the Em 1990. ployment Exchange Pali at the end of year 1990 as per its Education live registN of which 517?. persons were registered during the year. Dunng this period 235 vacancies were notified 58. There are a total number of 1325 educational insti out of which 164 were filled in by giving appointment in tutions upto Senior Secondary level in the district. Of (/xxi) which 870 are primary schools, 275 middle schools, 108 6~. Due to inadequate availability of pure potable water secondary schools and 72 Senior Higher Secondary schools. There were 37,934 student~ enrolled upto the especially during floods, drought, famine and other natu Senior Higher Secondary level in 1990 in the district. Of ral calamities, different types of diseases are alway this 80.01 percent were male students and the rest 19.99 feared to spread. percent female students. Of the total students 24.60 percent belonged to scheduled castes and 4.34 percent 64. There were 283 family welfare centres in the district to scheduled tribes. Among male stUdents 20.80 percent during the year 1990. Of the total 288725 married couples, belonged to Scheduled Castes and 4.81 percent to Sched 141433 couples were acceptors to various family plan uled tribes. As regards to female stUdents 15.24 percent ning devices during the year 1988-89. were scheduled castes and 2.44 pedrcent of scheduled Tribe among total female students. The ratio of scholars Transport and Communication and teachers in 1990 was 36 scholars per teacher in the distriGt. During 1988-89, 599 Adult Education Centres 65. The district is well connected by the Western Rail were operative in the district, in which basic knowledge way. The Delhi-Ahmedabad metre-guage railway line about the letters to 18324 persons was given. passes from Sendra railway station to Nana via Sojat Road, Marwar Junction, Phalna and Mori Bera. A part of 59. Forthe higher education there are three colleges in the district. Among them, two are aided colleges and the this district is also served by the Western Railway from third government college. In government college the Marwar Junction to Phulad. There are 31 railway stations education is imparted in Arts, Science and Commerce in the ejistrict. Another Northern Railway met;-e-guage line faculties upto post-graduate level. Law classes are also also passes through the district from Marwar Junction to run, whereas in aided colleges the teaching is only in Arts Rohat. All important places of the district are connected and Commerce faculties upto graduate level. The district with bus routes. has one professional college and one Industrial Training Institute at PaiL 66. ;=our State highways traverse the Pali district at different points. Besides it three major district roads also Medical and Health running across Pali. The Nationsl highway, State high ways and the major roads are maintained by State Public 60. There were 452 a!lopatihic and 124 Ayurvedic insti Works Department. tutions during 1988-89. Among allopathic institutions there were 10 Primary Health Centres at block level, 8 67. The following table shows the length of roads by Community Health Centres, 78 Maternity and Child Wel their types and classification passing through the district fare Centres. The distriCt also had 12 Aidposts and 6 by the end of March, 90 whicll are maintained by the State post-partum centres. Bali, Jaitaran each had one speCial Public Works Department. hospital. The building of referal hospital at Raipur is under construction. Two Unani dispensaries were also func S.No. Classification Road by type in km. Total tioning in the district. Besides it, HomeOPathic Hospitals of Road BT MVM Greval Famine at Sumel, Sonaibhanj, Naya Gaon. Chaupara and Pali led were also extending medical facilities. 1. National Highway 178 61. The total number of beds available in the allopathic 178 institutions were 1128 in the year 1990 w'lich comes out 2. State Highway 161 -- 161 to be 0.88 per thousand persons of the district. 3. Chief District Roads 189 -- 189 62. As mentioned abovethere were total of 124Ayurvedic 4. Other Distric~ ROads . 853.8 233.5 288.2 15 1390.5 institutions in the district in the year 1989-90. Of which 5. Rural Roads305.9 202.51081.0 70.5 1659.9 the largest number were in Ba!i, Marwar Junction, Desuri Total 1687.7 436 13692 85.5 3578.4 and Jaitaran Panchayat Samities. Source Zlla YOJna 1990 (Ixxii) 68 There were 24.006 registered motor vehicles in the to RS.548.00 lakhs and RS.392.60 lakhs respectively and district durin!;! the year 1988-89 as per details given below: RS.276B.53 lakhs were outstanding at the end of co operative year 1989-90. During 1988-89 the co-operative S No Category of vahicles Numbers societies consisted of 217 Agriculture Credit Co-opera tive societies and one Primary Land Development Bank, 1. Private Cars & Jeeps 1939 173 Milk societies and 103 Industrial societies Besides 2 :J1otor cycles, Tri cycles & 147 societies were found under liquidation. scooters. 11,141 3 Contract & TaxI carriages 254 Other Developmental Activities 4. Stage carriagAs 398 5 Public and Private carriers 840 74. Pali district being situated in the semi-desert part of. 6. Tractors 5252 the westem Rajasthan always faces famines and droughts. 7 Others 124 On the recommendations of the National Agriculture Total 19948 Commission, programmes related to desert development Source: Zila Yojna Pali, 1989-90 were implemented in 1977-78. Under the programme it includes soil conservation, forest conservation. tree plan 69 Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation is tation, irrigation, horticulture and sheep and wool devel operating buses on the two nationalised routes viz Jodh opment etc. During the year 1989-90 a sum of RS.278 93 pur - Pali - Surnerpur - Sirohi and Jodhpur - Pali - Beawar lakhs were allotted, of which RS.221.45Iakhs were spent - AJmer on desert development programmes. 70 There were 437 post offices in the district by the end of YRar 1990 Of which 2 were general post offices. 57 75. Under the massive plan of the Government of India. departmental post offices. 5 additional departmental post financial assista:lce is being provided from State Govern offices. 287 branch post offices and 86 joint post and ment and financial institutions to small and margmal telegraph offices Apart from this the district had 83 public farmers to enhance their agriculture production by way of call offices and 68 telephone exchanges. Electronic digging new wells and deepening of old wells. construc exchange IS onl,,' at Pall headquarters. S T .0. and P.C.O tion of tube wells, purchase of electric pump sets. DUring facl!ities were aVrtiiable at Pali and Sumerpur. the year 1990-91 a total of 38 farmers were benefitted of which 11 belonged to scheduled castes and 18 to sched~ local Boaies and Co-operative Movement uled +ribes. 71. There are twelve municipal towns In the district. They are ,Jaltaran, Nimaj, Takhatgarh, Sumerpur, Bali, 76. Underthe integrated Rural Development Programme Sadri. Pall. SOJdt. Phalna. Rani. Marwar Junction and it is tried to uplift the poorest among the- poor abOVE; the Ralpur. S0181 t~oad is not municipality but has been poverty line. During the year 1989-90 a total of 5717 de'~lared CenslJs Town as it fulfilled certain persons were benefitted under the I RDP In the district. of criteria laid down for thiS purpose. which 2829 belonged to scheduled castes. 365 to sched~ uled tribes, 923 men and women and 212 to mltlontles 72 The I nC11n soutces of income for muniCipal towns are Similarly for the self-employment forthe families selected octrOI, grants provloed by the State Government etc The under IRDP. technical training is prOVided to them by main Itams ot expenditure are public health and sanita trained technicians under Trysum During the year 1989~ tion. watu supply construction works. public lighting and 90 as against the target of 600 746 youths were trained other depnrtmentClI works. and of which 97 got employment as labours and 175 opted self -employment. T~ In the year 1989-90. the district had 837 co-opera tive SCOCIC!tICS WIth a membership of 2.88,998 and t~C' 50(-) 76 la~ilf-. and Fis 5598.87 lakh as their share and 77. Forthe welfare and economic development of Sched WorkllllJ cdp!tal I espectively. The loan advanced and uled Ca8tes !n the district many schemes separately tor reCOVt·';·I,~"·· rr1dde hy the co~c()peratlve societies amounted urban and rural areas has been launched by the RajasHurl (lxxiii) 3cheduled Castes Development Co~operetive Corpora~ The fair is held in the village Barkana of Desuri tbhsil on lion. Package of programme, shop scheme, auto rick~ Posh Badi 1 0 (December~January) every year. There is shaw scheme and Skit scheme are the schemes for urban a temple dedicated to the diety of Parasnath. A congre~ areas. Similarly for rural areas the schemes are Agrlcul~ gation of about 10000 assemble in this fair, tural implements scheme. shop scheme, artisan scheme, handloom scheme, social forestry etc During the year (/11) Ramdeoji Fair 1989-90. 489 persons were benefitted in urban areas as against the target number of 600 Similarly in rural areas The fair IS neld at Boratiya in Raipur tehsil on Bhadrapad 3150 people were benefitted as against the target of Sudi 21 (August-September) every year. About 50,000 3715 people assemble at the old temple of Ramdeoji to worship him and perform 'Mundan' ceremony of their children. 78. Apart from this for the development of Scheduled Sendra is the nearest railway station to it. The fair is also Tribes, MADA and scattered tribal programme has also held at Sawrad in Marwar Junction tehsil. been launched in 21 villages of Bali panchayat samlti. (iv) Sewari Cattle Fair 79 In orderto make available essential commodities on fair price to the masses, 547 fair price shops are operative ThiS fair is held near village Sewan of Bali tehsil for five in the district of which 412' and 135 are in the rural and days from Posh Badl 2 to Posh Badi 6 (Oec.-Jan.) every urban areas respectively. year Sale and purchase at animals take place in the fair and nearly 15,000 people gather here. The nearest Social and Cultural Activities railway station is Phalna for this fair. Fairs and Festivals 81. Other worth mentioning fairs held in the district ar,~ Jawai Mahadeo fair at Jawai (Desuri Tehsil), Shivratri fair 80 With the changing pattern of social life, the signifi at Kukri (Jaitaran tehsil), Nimbo~ka~Math fair at Phalna cance of fairs and festivals too has been changing fast (Bali tehsil), a social fair at Sesli (Bali tehsil), Nag Panchml with more and more emphaSIS on their cOMmercial utility fair at Sojat, Jain Raiji at Jheetra (Pali tehsil) and Dhulesa and importance of tourist attraction. BeSides, the fairs are Peer at Choteela (Pali tehsil), etc. Important source of enjoyment and entertarnment to the persons In general and a .source of Income to the local 82. The principal Hindu festivals observed in the district bodies in particular Most of the fairs held at various are Sheetla Ashtami, Mondays of Sawan, Raksha places In the district are seasonal and religiOUS The Bandhan, Janmashtmi, Navratra and Deshehra, Important fairs organised in the district are described Deepawali, Makar Sankranti, Basant Panchmi, Holi, below: Gangaur and Teej. The birth anniversaries of Guru Nanak Dev and Guru Govind Singh and lori are days of (I) Sheetla Saptaml Fair rejoicing and worship for the Sikhs. Mahaveer Jayanti is the most celebrated festIVal of Jains. They also observe It is the main fair of the district which IS held at Sojat on the Nirwan Diwas. Christians observe Christmas Day Chaitra Budi 7 (March-April) every year About 20.000 With great festivity which falls on the 2Sth December every yec:.r while Muslims observe Muharram, Id-ul-Zuha. Id~ul~ people assemble In thiS fair to worship Sheetra Mata The Fitar and Barawafat. people put 'PuJapa' and otheroffermgs In the temple In the Places of religious, historical and archaeological honour of the Mata The common belief among the importance and tourist interest people is that by doing so, their children are safe~quarderl by 'Mata' against small pox. The tairs of 'Sheetla Mata' 83. The district possesses several places of religious are also held at Bayad in Pall Tehsil, Isali in MarwElr and historical Importance which have been at one time or Junction and at Chawd in Bali tehsil another, important in the history of this region. When Nadal was the capital of Chauhans of Shakhambhan (iI) 8arkana Parasnath Fall" during the early mediaevel period, Pali town was a cosmopolitan city during lhe late mediaevel times where (Ixxiv) the merchandise from China and the Middle-east were village itself besides Hindu temples of Lakshami Narainji, exchanged. Mewar and Marwar measured swords sev Murlidharji and Charbhujaji. On the outskirts of village is eral times for the possession of 'Godwar area' - Auwa situated a Math known as Giriji ki Dhooni. A Temple of became known for its stiff resistance during the upheaval Gajanand here is worth seeing. There is also a mosque of 1857 against Britishers. Jainism has flourished in the here. Another Jain temple known as Muchhala Mahavir past in the district which is evident from the existence of is also situated in the vicinity of this village. The temple wide spread Jain temples at Barkana, Nadal, Narlai, is--said to be very old and whose management is with the Muchhala Mahavir and Ranakpur which are also known Anandji Kalyanji Trust. as Panch Tirath. A brief account of places which are important for one reabon orthe other is being given below: Nadol Auwa Nadal a small village, north west of Desuri is situated on Rani-Desuri Road. Once it was the collateral branch of Auwa, though insignificant today is situated 12 km the Chauhans of Shakambhari. The ancient ruins still south of Marwar In. came into prominence during the speak of the past glory which this place enjoyed. Mahmud upheaval of 1857 when its Jagirdar Thakur Kushal Singh of Ghazni on its march against Somnath temple is said to rose up and revolted against Britishers and jolted a blow have passed throught Nadal. Later on Qutub-uddin to their prestige by repulsing the forces led by Brigadier Aibak, the lieutenant of Mohammed Ghori captured this Lawrence. Later Auwa was sei7ed by Col. Homes. This place. There are many famous temples in the village and place an ancient temple of Lord Mahadeo on its outskirts its vicinity. There is a beautiful Jain temple of Padma believed to have been constructed during the 11 th cen Prabhunath in the main market. There are temples of tury A.D. Somnath, Rikheshwar Mahadeo on top of the nearby rock and the temple of Ashapurna Mataji. On the bank of Bali a talab near the burial grounds is the Temple of Hanumanji which has an exceedingly beautifully carved toran or Bali is the headquarter of the sub-division, tehsil and doorways of marble. The temple of Neminath has a Devra Panchayat Samiti of the same name and is situated 8 km of Acharya Mandeosari who composed Laghu southeast of Phalna Railway Station on the left bank of a Shantimantra. About 9 km away from Nadol is a village stream called the Mitri. Priorto t he formation of Rajasthan known as Barkana on the Desuri-Rani road where a it wasthe headquarter of a district ofthesame name in the beautiful Parasnath Jain temple, counted among the erstwhile Jodhpur State. It possessed an old fort and Panch Tirthi of Jains in the district is situated and is said many Jain temples namely Manmohan Parasnath. to be very old. Chandra Prabhu, Vimalnath and Dharam'lath. Other temples are dedicated to Charbhujaji, Mataji, Hanumanji and Thakurji. About 12 km to the south-west of Bali town Pali: is situated a village namely Beejapur in proximity of which is a site where remains of an ancient city called Hatundi Pali is the headquarter of the district, SUb-division, or Hastikundi were excavated. It is said that this was the earliest seat of the Rathores in Rajputana. The place is tehsil and Panchayat Samiti of the same name. It is also known for its Jain temple of Rata Mahavirji. situated on thQ right bank of Bandi river on Jodhpur Marwar Junction railway line. In the past, it was a very Ghanerao important trade centre, where the goods from China and Middle-East were exchanged. Later this place became Ghanerao is a village in Desuri tehsil and is situated known for dyeing of woollen, silken and cotton cloths. The south-west of Desuri on the road leading to Sadri. It was Paliwal brahmins take their name from this town. Since held by a first class jagirdar in the erstwhile State of it being the headquarter of the district administration, Jodhpur whose prime duty was to defend the far,lous fort various important offices of the State and Central qi)vern of Kumbhalgarh (now in Udaipur district). The village has ments are located here besides branches of various many Hindu and Jain temples in it and in its vicinity. There nationalised and commercial banks. Among the famous are eleven Jain temples some of them are quite old, in the temples, the temples of Somnath and Naulakha are (Ixxv) situated here which are very old. Naulakha Jain temple Oeepawas in Raipur ~ehsil, and Jain temples in Sadri has elaborate carvings while Somnath Shiv temple is town. known for its beautiful building having exquisite mould BRIEF ANALYSIS OF VILLAGE & TOWN II1gs. DIRECTORY AND PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT Ranakpur A-VILLAGE DIRECTORY Ranakpur situated about 101 km south-east of Pali There are 919 villages in district Pali of which 904 town and about 9 km south of Sadri town amidst the hills or 98.37 percent are inhabited and the remaining 1.63 of the Aravalli range in Oesuri tehsil is famous for its percent ( 15 villages) are uninhabited. celebrated Jain temple. The temple covers a vast area 2. At the district level educational facilities are and consists of twenty-n;ne halls containing over 400 available in 832 villages (92.04 percent). About 7.96 pillars of which no two pillars are exactly alike. Its percent of the villages still do not have the educational architectural variety. the graceful disposition of the pillars, facility. Among the panchayat samities. Bali has highest the play of light and shade resulting from the way in which percentage (97.75 percent) of inhabited villages served light is admitted and the profuse sculptural decoratIon on with educational facilities while Raipur with only 82.52 the ceilings produces an excellent impact on the visitors. percent proportion ranks last. This temple is considered one of the biggest and most beautiful temples of the northern India. The temple was 3. Only 294 villages constituting 32.52 per~ent of the total inhabited villages have at least one unit providing built dUring the reign of Rana Kumbha of Mewar in 15th medical facilities to its residents at the district level and century. There are two more Jain temples of Neminath thus in 67.48 percent villages, people have to rush to and Parasvanath here. Slightly away from these temples, nearby villages or towns to secure the medical aid. The there is a Surya Mandir also. There are adequate proportion of villages where these are available within the arrangements for boarding and lodging of the pilgrims the villages, ranges between 18.99 percent in Rohat panchayat management of which is being done by the Anandji samiti to 46.03 percent in Sumerpur panchayat samiti. Kalyallji Trust. 4. Drinking water facility is available in all the villages of the district. Sojat 5. About 38 percent of the vililages in the district SOJat city. the headquarter of the sub-division. tehsil enjoy the post and telegraph facilities. Among panchayat and Panchayat Samiti of the same name IS situated on the samities Sumerpur panchayat samiti occupies the first left bank of the Sukri river about 40 km north-east of the place with the distinction of having postal facilities in about Pali town. In ancient times the place is said to have been 60.32 percent of villages. panchayat samiti Rahat "'hich known as Tamravati: named perhaps owing to the targe has such facility in 22.78 percent of its villages stands at number of copper mines then found here. The town has the bottom among the panchayat samities. a fort, a big reservior and several temples. The important 6. Organised market or hat are held in only 11 temples are of Sejal Mata, Chaturbhuj. Laxmi Narain, villages (1.22 percent) of the inhabited villages of the Mahalaxmi, Ankleshwar Mahadeo. Sukheshwar Mahadeo district. and Parasnath. There are hillocks near the town and old temple of Chamunda Mata is located on the top of one of 7. Outotthetotal inhabitedvillc..ges, only312 villages the hillocl--s. Dargah of Pir Mastan in the town attracts a (34.51 percent) are approachable by pucca road. 55.09 large number of visitors on Urs. percent of villages (498 in number) have communication facilities like Bus stand/Railway Station. The people 84. Apart from the places mentioned above. the other residing in other villages have to travel certain distance to avail the facility of a train or bus in order to reach their worth visiting plar.es In the district are, the temple dedi desired destination. The highest percentage of villages cated to Ramdeoji near village Biratiya in Raipur tehsil. enjoying such facilities is in Sumerpur panchayat samiti the fort of Desuri, Kurki the bll1h place of the well known (79.37 percent) and the minimum is in Raipur panchayat poetess Mlrabai on the border of Jaitaran tehsil adjoining samiti (32.04 percent). to Merta tehsil of Nagaur district. Jawai bandh. Jain 8. 144 villages (15.93 percent) in the district do not temples of Narlai in Desuri tehsll, picnic spot in the have electricity. Of the total 904 villages, only 760 villages (Ixxvi) (84.07 percent) have been provided with electricity 13. Among the 562 villages Post and Telegraph connection for agricultural. domestic, or any other uses. facility is available within a distance of 5 km to 315 villages Among panchayat samities large variation is noticeable (56.05 percent), within 5 to 10 km in case of 190 villages with about 100 percent of villages in Sumerpur panchayat (33,81 percent) and beyond a distance 10 km to 57 samlti being electrified as against 60.19 percent in Raipur villages (10.14 percent). Market/Hat faCility are available panchayat samiti, as may be seen from table number 1 within a distance of 5 km to 57 Villages (15.45 percent), which gives the distribution of the villages accordinG to the within 5 to 10 km in case of 82 villages (22.27 percent) and availability of different amenities beyond a distance of 10 km to 230 villages (6233 percent). 9 In spite of si'lcere efforts made to remove the stigma of illiteracy from the rural masses during post 14. Communication facilities are available in 253 independance penod about 1.95 percent of the rural villages ( 59.39 percent) either in the village or at a population sttH do not have educational faCilities in the distance of 5 km where those are not available within the Villages where they live At the panchayat samiti level the village. This facility is available. within 5 to 10 km., in case highest proportion of rural population (99.86 percent) of 127 villages (29.81 percent) and at a distance of 10+ km served with educational facilities is in Bali panchayat in case of 46 villages (10.80 percent). Table number 3 samiti while the lowest is in kaipur panchayat samiti gives at the district level. the distribution of villages not where only 95.25 of the rural population has this facility having various facilities by distance ranges from the place wlthm their villages. where these are available. 10. Medical aid IS another important amenity which is 15. Nearness from the urban centre also plays an needed by everyone at the shortest possible distance but Important role in the social and economic life of the rural o:lly 60.65 percent of the rural population have this faCility masses In the district the larges\ proportion of 533 within the Villages and the rest have to go to other Villages villages (58.96 percent) of inhabited villages are located or towns to avail thiS facility Drinking water facilities are within a distance range of 16 to 50 km from the nearest available In all the villages of the district. Postal and town. 273 villages constituting 30.20 percent of the total telegraphic amenities are available within the villages to inhabited villages are such which are located at a distanr::e 60.05 percent ot the rural pOpUlatIon whIle 92.96 percent of 6 to 15 km from the nearest town. There are only 41 of the populatlon,have so far been benefitted by electricity Villages (4 53 percent) which are located Within a distance at the district level. Communication i'acillties are available at more than 50 km and the remaining 57 villages (6.31 to 73 89 percent of the population bUT pucca approach percent) are situated within a convenient distance of less road from their Villages to the nearest bus stand or railway than 5 km from the nearest town station IS available only to 53 95 percent of the rural population. It is qUite dismaying that only 2 00 percent of 16. The largest percentage of villages served with the population of the district have market/hat facility within postal and telegraph, communication and power supply the villages facilities fall in distance range of 6 to 15 km from the nearest town. The largest percentage and number of 11. Details about proportion of rural population served viliages having educational facilities and pucca by different amenities at district and panct1ayat samiti approachable road trom the villages to nearest level have been given in the table 2. communication point fall in distance range of less than 5 km. from the nearest town The largest percentage of 12. As already stated there are still several villages villages served with medical facilities fall in distance range in the district where certain amenities are [lot available. An of more than 50 km from the nearest town Table number attempt has been made to collect information about the 4 presents the distribution of villages according to distance distance from such villages to those nearec;t places where from the nearest town and availability of different amenities. such amenities exist. In all there are 72 village~ where no educational facility is available but amana them children 17 The highest number of inhabited villages 509 of 63 Villages (87 50 percent) can reach a~3chool within a (56.30 percent) is In the population range of 500 to 1999 redius of 5 km. There are only 9 villages (12 SO percent) While the lowest number of 26 such Villages (2 88 percent) where the school gOing children have to cover a d:stance has population range of 5000 or above. In the population of 5-10 km. Sanllarly. among 610 Villages medical faCility range of 2000 to 4,999 persons. there are 130 villages is available within a distance of 5km. In 31 S village:> (51 60 constituting 14 38 percent of the total inhabited v'll::lges percent) and within 5 to 10 km in case of 193 villages In the lowest population range i e. Villages having (31 64 percentl. Medical facility is available beyond a population upto 499 souls there are 239 (26.44 percent) distance of 1 0 km to 102 Vill",g8S (16.72 percent). Drinking villages in the district. If we look at the amenity wise date water faCility is available in ..11: the Villages of the district. available for each Village it will be observed that the (Ixxvii) population 01 villages having various amenities is higner per 10,000 of population is 1.24 in Phalna town and the In villages falling in higher population range and lesser lowest is 0.33 in Sojat town. The number of educational among those in lower population range. It may, therefore, institutions per ten thousand population at the Junior be summarised that higher the population range. larger is Secondary/ Middle level is more than the district average the percentage of villages having various amenities or in five and at Primary level in ten out of thirteen urban conversely, lower the population range, lesser is the centres of the district as may be seen from the table proportion of villages enjoying various amenities as may number 8 which gives the number of various types of be seen from the table 5 presenting distribution of villages schools per 10,000 populat!on in towns at the district and according to population range and amenities. town level. 18. Out of the total land available in 904 inhabited 22. The number of beds in medical institutions per villages of the district. 66.49 percent is cultivable of which 1,000 of population works out to 2.28 at the district levei only 14.26 percent is irrigated. Rahat panchayat samiti and the highest such proportion is observed in Rani town has the highest proportion (79.68 percent) of cultivable (4.19) and the lowest (0.57) In Sumerpur town. No such land in Its total area while the lowesl such proportion indoor facilities are available in Sojat Road Census T 0wn (44.33 percent) is noticed in Bali pancf-]ayat samiti. The as may be seen from table NO.9 which gives the number highest proportion (29.00 percent) of irrigated area to of beds in medical institutions per 1,000 population in cultivable area is in Sumerpur panchayat samiti while towns. Rahat panchayat samiti has the lowest such proportion, (3 88 percent). as IS eVident from table number 6 which 23. The slum areas are found only In Pali town of the gives the distribution of villages according to land use. district. Proportion of he slum population to total populatIon is 5.80, percent while density per sq.km in slum is 526 in B- TOWN DIRECTORY Pali town.(Table 10) 19. At the district level annual per capita receipt of 24. Among the manufactured item in the district, municipalities comes to Rs. 156 30. At the individual town mention may be made of edible oil, cotton, lime, cloth, level. however, the highest (281.69) per capita receipt is umbrella and mehandi powder. Chillies, cumin seed, lime, in Sumerpur and the lowest (9.07) in Marwar Junction. umbrella, raw cotton, oil, printed cotton cloth and sarees The per capita receipt is more than the district average in are the most important commodities which are exported Pali and Sumerpur town and In the remaining eleven from the urban centres of the district. The commodities towns It is less than the district average. The highest per which are imported Include mostly of the essential daily capita receipt through taxes is in Sumerpurtown and the use items like sugar. Wheat, cloth,tea in various towns of minimum In Ball town the district as is evident trom table number 11 which shows the most important com~dities manufactured. 20. Annual per capita municipal expenditure, at district exported and imported in urban centres of the district. level. comes to Rs 144.47. At the town level highest per C - PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT capita expenditure is in Pali and the minimum in Marwar Distribution and growth of population Junction town. The per capita expenditure is more than the per capita receipt in Jaitaran, Phalna and Sadri towns. 25 According to the final tally of the Census count as The highest per capita expenr:liture is incurred on general at the sunrise of March 1,1991 the total population of the administration and other aspects in most of the urban district was 14,86,432 of which the males numberd centres. No expenditure have been incurred on public 7,59,816 and females 7,26,616. The population of the health and conveniences in Pali, Phalna, Soja!. Sojat district is predominantly rural in character as 11,63,085 or Road, Sumerpur and Takhatgarh, on public works in Sojat 78.28 percent of the people live in 904 inhabited villages Road, on public institutions in Bali, Jaitaran, Marwar while only 3,23,347 persons or 21.72 percent reside in Junction, Rani, Sadri. SOJat, SOJat Road and Takhatgarh, thirteen urban centres. There are 15 uninhabited villages on other aspects in Sojat Road Town as evident from table in the district. number 7 showing annual per capita receipt and expenditure according to broad classification at town and 26. The highest proportion of the rural population of district level. the district (13.31 percent) reside In Kharchi panchayat samiti followed by 12.83 percent in Bali and 12.08 percent 21. Educational institutions at the level of Higher in Sojat and the lowest 6.90 percent in Rohc.t panchayat Secondary/PUC/Junior/Coliege are functioning in all the samitl. In the urban area of the district Pali ranks attha top urban centres of the district. The highest number of such with 42.32 percent share in the total urban population of Institutions per ten thousand population is 1.38 In Jaltaran the district, while Sojat town rank next with only 9 33 and the lowest 0 33 In Sojat town The highest number of percent. There has been no change In the rural areas of educCl.tlonal institutions of Secondary/Matriculation level the district dUring the past decade. In case of uro,.II. tW() (Ixxviii) towns have beAn created in 1991 census namely Marwar Junction census town and Phalna town. Tables 12 and 13 499 persons. In the category of small villages having appended at the end of the Note present the rural-urban population less than 200 persons, there are 49 villages in distribution of population in the district and the various the district which comes to 5.42 percent of the total panchayat samities and towns alongwith the total number inhabited villages. There are in all 124 villages (13.72 of villages and towns. percent) having population between 2000to 4999 persons. There are 25 villages (2.78 percent) having population 27. The population of the district has increased by between 5000-9999. There is only one village In Sojat more than three and half times in the present century. It panchayat samiti which has a population exceeding 10.000 has been growing steadily and having risen from 12.741ac persons. The distribution of Villages by vanous size in 1981 to 14.86 lac in 1991. From the study of the class~s-of population for the district and its panchayat variation in population of the district since 1901, it will be samities is reflected in Table 16. seen that the decade 1911-21 witnessed a decrease of 11.67 percent but after 1921, there has been a steady Density of population increase in the growth rate of population. The highest growth rate, however, has been recorded during 1971-81. 31. Lookin9 to the size of each panchayat samiti, Among the reasons contributory to the fall in population within the district it will be seen that Sojat panchayat during the period 1911-21, mention may by made of the samiti has the maximum share with 13.97 percent epidemics of influenza, plague and smallpox. In absolute proportion in the total rural area followed by 11 63 percent terms, the population of the district has increased by in Rahat panchayat samiti of the district. Rani panchayat 10.93 lac during the past 90 years (1901-1991). Of thiS samiti ranks at the botton covering nnly 6.32 percent of only 2.67 lac were added during the first fifty years of the the total rural area of the district. In terms of population we present century, while during the past ten years alone find that highest contribution to the district rural population more than 2 lac persons have been added to the district is made by Kharchi (Marwar Junction) panchayat samitl population. Table 14 shows the population of the district in Pali district from 1901 onwards and the decadal growth rates. 32. On an average the density of population In the 28. In 1991 Census, the district has a growth rate of district works out to 120 persons per sq.km. There IS a sharp variation in this respect in the rural and urban areas only 10.63 percent as compared to the State growth of of the district, while in the rural areas the den~ity of 28.44 percent. The growth rate in the rural areas of the population is only 96 persons per sq.km., it has worked district durlng the decade works out to 11 .86 percent while out to 1035 persons in the urban areas. In the rural areas in urban areas it comes to 17.73 percent meaning thereby of the district Raipur panchayat samiti has the highest that the population of the district has grown at a faster rate density of 134 persons per sq. km followed by 126 persons in urban areas than its rural areas. per sq.km in Sumerpur panchayat samiti. In the urban areas, Phalna is thickly populated. The density of 29. Among thetehsils, Jaltaran has the highest growth population in Phalna town works out to 3231 persons per of 19.01 percent during the decade as against 16.61' sq. km., followed by 2632 persons per sq. km in Sojat town percent by Raipur tehsil. In case of urban areas we find It is lowest 247 persons per sq.km in Sadri town. that Pali tehsil has highest growth rate followed by 25.98 percent in Sojat tehsil. The decadal change in distribution 33. There are in all 18 villages (1 99 percent) in the of population separately for total. rural and urban areas of district which have density up to 20 persons per sq.km. the district is pre,sented in Table 15. Another set of 124 villages (13.72 percent) have density ranging between 21 to 50 persons per sq.km. 341 villages Villages 'classified by population constituting 37.32 percent of the total inhabited villages have density ranging between 51 to 100 persons per 30. Out of the total919 villages in the district 904 are sq.km. There are 319 villages (35.07 percent) which have inhabited and tne remaining 15 villages were found density ranging between 101 to 200 persons per sq.km. uninhabited at the time of census count. The villages vary Six villages (0.60 percent) have recorded density 501 and in size not only in terms of area but in population too while above persons per sq.km. A more clear picture will some of the village have insignificant population which emerge if we glance through the data given in Table 17 sometimes is in one digit only, one village has population presenting the pattern of density of population as noticed even more than 10,000 persons. The maximum number in villages at panchayat samiti level. of 516 villages which account for 57.08 percent of the total inhabited villages can be grouped in the population range Sex-Ratio of 500 to 1999 persons. Another group of 189 villages (20.91 percent) have population ranging between 200- 34. There has been a sharp fluctuation II'! the sex (Ixxix) ratio (number of females per 1000 males) in the district 40. Analysing the dispersal of rural scheduled caste over the decades since 1901 . The population of females population at panchayat samiti level, it is evident that the in the population of the district as a whole has always been highest concentration (13.45 percent) is found in Kharachi on the lower side except in case of urban areas in the (Marwar Junction) panchayat samiti followed by 13.12 years 1901, 1911 and 1931 as compared to males. and 12.48 percent in Jaitaran and Sojat panchayat samities respectively. It is lowest 7.41 percent in Pali panchayat 35. If we compare the trend of sex-ratio in the rural samiti. Among the urban scheduled castes, the highest and urban areas, we notice that until 1941 the sex-ratio proportion has been found in Pali 39.22 percent followed was favouring females in the urban areas of the district. by 10.45 percent in Sadri town and the lowest proportion After 1951 the position has changed and uptil1991 the (2.10 percent) is found in Rani town. As regards the sex-ratio is higher in rural areas than in urban areas and dispersal of scheduled tribe population in all panchayat the difference is quite large. Table 18 gives the sex-ratio samities the highest proportion 51 .16 percent of the of the district for the period 1901-1991. population reside in Bali panchayat sam;t; followed by 20.36 and 7.98 percent in Sumerpur and Pali panchayat 36. A study of the pattern of sex-ratio at panchayat samities respectively. As regards the urban scheduled samiti level of the district in the 1991 show that highest tribe population the highest proportion 27.09 percent is sex-ratio of 1007 is observed in Desuri panchayat samiti, found in Pali followed by 20.12 and 14.73 percent in Sadri followed by 1004 in Rani Station panchayat samiti. It is town and Sumerpur town respectively. It is lowest 0.18 lowest 933 in Pali panchayat samiti. Among the ·urban percent in Raipurtown. In Nimaj town out of 1853 persons centres the Sadri town has highest sex-ratio of 995 not even a single person belonging to schedured tribe followed by 983 in Takhatgarh town. It is lowest 857 in population was found. case of Pali. Table 19 provides the panchayat samiti wise and town wise sex-ratio data as obtained during 1991 41. Analysing the dispersal of scheduled caste and census. scheduled tribe population at village level we find that 357 or 39.49 percent of the total inhabited villages are such Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes where the numberofthe scheduled caste people constitute more than 20 percent in the total population. A total of 173 37. According to 1991 Census, 18.15 percent people or 19.14 percent villages have scheduled caste population among the total population belong to Scheduled Castes ranging from 16 to 20 percent; 149 villages or 16.48 while in 1981 this proportion was 17.73 percent. Thus percent 11 to 15 percent: 91 villages or 10.06 percent from during the decade 1981-1991 the increase in the proportion 6 to 10 percent and 75 villages or 8.30 percent are such of scheduled castes population is 0.42 percentage points. which have less than 5 pbrcent of the scheduled caste 18.73 percent of the population in rural areas comprises population. This indicate that scheduled caste population of scheduled castes, whereas in urban areas their is almost evenly distributed in most of the villages. It is proportion is 16.03 percent. The corresponding proportion however, significant that 59 villages constituting 6.53 for rural and urban areas in 1981 was 18.45 and 14.51 percent of the total inhabit(;d villages do not have any percent respectively. scheduled caste population. 38. I n contrast to scheduled castes, the proportion of 42. As forthe scheduled tribe population 196 or 21.68 scheduled tribes in the total population of the district is on percent of the inhabited villages are those where the the lower side. The scheduled tribes in 1991 constitute proportion of scheduled tribe population to total population only 5.40 percent of the total population which shows is up to 5 percent. There are 91 villages which constitute proportional increase of 0.07 percentage point during the 10.07 percent of the total inhabited villages which have decade 1981-91. Again in 1991 proportion of tribal their proportion between 6 to 15 percent of the total population in the rural areas ot the district is recorded as population. Another 42 or 4.65 percent oft he total inhabited 6.29 percent against 6.21 percent in 1981, while in urban villages are such where their proportion varies between areas oi the district the corresponding proportions were 16 to 20 percent, 29 villages or 3.20 percent are such same in 1981 and 1991 i.e. 2.20 percent. where their proportion is in between 26 to 50 percent. Interestingly only 26 villages (2.88 percent) are such 39. Majority among scheduled castes and scheduled where their proportion exceeds 50 percent of the total tribes reside in rural areas of the district. Out of total population. It may, however, be noted that 57.52 percent scheduled caste population of 269,736 persons the bulk of the total inhabited villages numbering 520 do not have Le. 217,896 persons (80.78 percent) are rural based. any scheduled tribe population. The distribution of Against this, among scheduled tribes out of 80,265 scheduled caste and scheduled tribe population in villages persons 91.16 percent reside in rural areas and only 8.84 at the panchayat samiti level is reflected in Tables 20 and percent live in urban areas of the district. 21 respectively prepared separately for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. (Ixxx) percent of the total population of the district consists of 43. If we look at the dispersal of scheduled caste and non-workers The main workers constitute 31.53 percent, scheduled tribe population in urban areas of the district, while the marginal workers forrn only 6.61 percent of the we find that scheduled castes constitute 16 03 percent of total population. In rural areas of the district the proportion the total population while tile scheduled tribes are not of non-workers being 59.63 percent is much less than the even 3 percent (2.20). Among the urban centres in the urban areas where it is 69.89 percent. The proportion of district, Pali has the highest concentration of 39.11 main workers and marginal workers in the rural areas is percent, followed by Sadri 10.45 percent of scheduled 32.48 and 7.89 percent respectively, while in urban areas caste while their proportion in Rani is only 2.10 pEJrcent. this proportion works out to 28.13 and 1.98 percent The same pattern is seen in case of scheduled tribes. respecti'V ely. Their proportion in the total population in Pali is 27.09 percent, followed by 20.12 percent in Sadri town. No 47. In case of males, 47.67 percent aT the total male scheduled tribe population is recorded in Nimaj town population are main workers, 0.60 percE:ot are marginal during 1991 census. Table 22 presents the proportion of workers and the remaining 51 .73 percent are non-workers. sCheduled caste and scheduled tribe popl%tion to total In rural areas, however, 47.67 percent of total male population in each of the urban units. population are main workers. It is little less than tne proportion of male non-workers (51.64 percent) and Literacy marginal workers are only 0.69 percent. In urban areas, we notice that while 52.06 percent of the total male 44. The broad stratum of iiterates in the district forms population are non-workers 47.68 percent are main 35 96 percent of the total population as ascertained workers and 0.26 percent are marginal workers. dUI ing 1991 census. However, There is still a marked difference in the literacy rates of two sexes. Female 48. Among females, non-workers constitute 72.45 literacy rate is far behind male literacy rate in all parts of percent of the total female population while the main the district i.e. both in rural and urban areas. workers and marginal workers are only 14.65 and 12.90 percent respectively. In the rural areas, however, the 45. At the panchayat samiti level the literacy rate for number of female non-workers in less than that in urban the total rural areas varies from 33.50 percent in Rani areas, the proportion being 67.86 and 89.64 percent Station to 26.04 percent in Jaitaran panchayat samiti. respectively. On the other hand, while only 6.46 percent However in case of urban areas the literacy rate is highest of the total female population in urban areas are main 65.15 percent in Rani and lowest 34.7~ percent in Nimaj workers, their proportion is much more (16.84 perc ant) in town. Amongst males in rural areas the percentage of rural are·1S. As against this, in case of marginal workers, literacy ranges between 53.97 in Sojat to 43.59 percent in while only 3.90 percent ofthe urban females are categorised Jaitaran panchayat samiti. In urban areas on the 0ther as margir31 workers in rural areas their proportion is 15.30 hand. Rani town has highest 82.40 percent male literacy percent of the total female population. Table 25 gives the rate against 54.45 percent In Nimaj town. However, a distribution of popu!ation in terms of total workers, main rather depressing picture is observed in case of females workers. marginal workers and non-workers for the rural specially in rural areas where their literacy rate touch the areas. The corresponding table 26 gives the same lowest 7.50percent in Rohat panchayat samiti and highest Information for the u~ban areas. 15.78 percent in Rani Station panchayat samiti. In urhan areas on the other hand, temales have attained higher 49. From these tables it is evident that at the panchayat literacy rate with their maximum of 48.65 percent in Rani samiti level in rural areas the proportion of main workers town followed by 46.53 percent in Marwar Junction census is highest 36.32 percent in Rohat panchayat sarniti followed town. In the urban areas, the over all literacy rate recorded by 35.47 and 35.30 percent in Jaitaron and Sojat panchayat forthe district as a whole works out to 56.91 percent while samities respectively. However. the same is not true in it is only 30.13 percent for the rural areas of the distnct. A regard to the proportion of marginal workers which works comparative picture is reflected in tables 23 and 24 out to 10.01 percent in Kharachi (Marwar Junction) prepared separately for rural and urban areas. panchayat samiti followed by 9.76 and 8.83 percent in Pali and Sojat panchayat samities respectively. On the Working population other hand, Desuri panchayat samlti has the highest prof,Jortion (64.01 percent) of non-workers followed by 46. In 1991 Census, as in the previous censuses, the 63.63 and 61 .97 perce!1t in Sumerpur and Bali panchayat population of the district is broadly classified into two samities respectively but in case of urban areas, we see categories on the basis of economic activity. These a different pattern Nhere the proportion of main workers categories are workers and non-workers. The workers is highest 36.43 percent in Nimaj town which is followed are further classified Into two categories of main workers by 28 45 and 28.32 perc2nt in SOjat and jaitaran towns and marginal workers As per this classification, 61.86 respectively It IS lowest 2.') 28 perr.ent In TClkhatgarh (Ixxxi) town. In case of marginal workers it is highest 5.90 took placA at all levels for improving socio-economic percent in Nimaj town followed by 5.63 and 3.86 in Raipur conditions of the people. In table 27 an attempt ha~ been census town and Sojat town respectively. The maximum made to provide statistics to indicate the trends since the proportion of non-workers 73.27 percent is observed in turn of the period i.e. expiry of the pre-independence era. Rani towntollowed by 72.95and 72.31 percent in Marwar In shows thetotal population, proportion ot urban population Junction census town and Takhatgarh town respectively. to total population, decadal variations in the urban population and changes in the density and sex-ratio from Changes during last forty years decade to decade. Corresponding figures for the state as a whole have also been given in the table with a view to 50. Soon after the independence and ushering in of have a comparative picture about these demographic democratic setup in states, a lot of developmental activities aspects. (Ixxxii) m-'(IJfi 1 : ~ ~ ~Fclm3tl ~ 3tJ~ lI"r#f q;y cJJffCJ)i(°1 TABLE 1: DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES ACCORDING TO THE AVAILABILITY OF DIFFERENT AMENITIES ~('f "'i "fl ~ 1I1 ~ ~3i'i ~ ri 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ~:~ 904 832 294 904 342 11 498 312 760 DISTRICT: PAll (92.04) (32.52) (100.00) (37.83) (1.22) (55.09) (34.51) (84.07) 1. -GI 2. ~ 103 85 28 103 36 33 25 62 RAIPUR (82.52) (27.18) (100.00) (34.95) (32.04) (24.27) (60.19) 3 ~tlvm '12 108 35 112 44 1 65 37 92 SOJAT (96.43) (31 25) (100.00) (39.29) (0.89) (58.04) (33.04) (82.14) 4 ~ 80 76 21 80 26 54 34 72 PAll (95.00) (26,25) (100.00) (32.50) (67.50; (42.50) (90.00) 5 '{)t:e 79 77 15 79 18 44 21 70 ROHAT (97.47) (18.99) (100.00) (22.78) (55.70) (26.58) (88.61) 6 1fI~~ 137 122 36 137 50 3 74 45 108 MARWAR JUNCTION (89.05) (26.28) (100.00) (36.50) (2.19) (54.01) (32.85) (78.83) 7. ~ 76 66 30 76 23 5 33 26 67 DESURI (86.84) (39.47) (100.00) (30.26) (6.58) (43,42) (34.21) (88 16) 8. ~~ 73 68 32 73 38 2 48 19 69 RANI STATION (93.15) (43.84) (100.00) (52.05) (2.74) (65.75) (26.03) (94.52) 9 ~ 89 87 37 89 35 2 52 42 77 BALI (97.75) (41.57) (100.00) (39.33) (2.25) (58.43) (47.19) (86.52) 10 wR3'{ 63 60 29 63 38 50 47 63 SUMERPUR (95.24) (46.03) (100.00) (60.32) (79.37) (74.60) (100.00) (Ixxxiii) m~ 2 : ~ ~ ~m3Jl ct; 3lJfI'R 1JT1ftoT VI'1ti ("<4, cr;r 313tm1 TABLE 2: PROPORTION OF RURAL POPULATION SERVED BY DIFFERENT AMENITIFS ~'I!Ifln'I ~ T~ ~~m3it ?$ 3fjmV 1!Pftot ,"",m!Ql "lffl 3Tj-qffl if 3fI"a1G llf1if Proportion of rurc::l population served by the amenity of ~/~~ ~~~ District/Panchayat Total fWan ~ ~ ?lIT -qr;ft ;.w6 CJ '(fR iflUITV-mc U"i:I'R 1i'P'l (f(I? ~~ ~vwft ~ 3Wiffl Samiti population of ct)~~ inhabited villages Education Medical Drinking Post & MarkeV Communi- Approach by Power in the panchayat water Telegraph Hat cations Pucca road SupJ)iy samiti 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ~:~ 1,163,085 98.05 60.65 100.00 60.05 2.00 73.89 53.95 92.96 DISTRICT: PAll 1. ~ 134,851 97.54 60.77 100.00 64.99 67.83 3;:.30 94.95 JAITARAN 2. ~ 132.128 95.25 .56.11 100.00 66.87 54.34 4268 77 13 RAIPUR 3. mvm 131,378 99.51 52.75 100.00 66.~7 3.76 75.74 53.56 90.21 SOJAT 4. -qn;ft 84,540 99.15 5213 100.00 55.72 78.93 6232 9732 PAll 5. m-z 81,290 99.17 34.73 100.00 38.53 65.36 36.26 94.98 ROHAT 6. ~~ 154,855 95.37 56.45 100.00 67.14 7.63 78.51 54.49 91.71 MARWAR JUNCTION 7 ~ 85,369 98.10 69.91 100.00 59.39 14.70 63.88 57.32 9647 DESURI 8. 'Wft~ 94,105 99.36 72.90 100.00 78.51 6.86 81.60 44.43 99.59 RANI STATION 9. ~ 149,232 99.86 73.69 100.00 66.52 78.23 66.07 93.69 BALI 10. ~ 115,337 98.36 '71.11 100.00 82.52 89.47 8~ :"1 100.00 SUMERPUR (lxxxiv) mxoft 3 : \Ff ri q;r q 1ftqs,(OI. ~ cgtJ ~ ~ ~ ~. tr.!otT ~ ~ ~ \3' 1Tf1ll ~ ~ \iI'iit ~ ~;rM ~ tPn ~*"'1~f&t'1 ~ 1R ~ ~ Number of village:s where the amenity i:s not available and is available at distance of Village not having - 5 fct;.'4t. 5-10 fct; ..~. 10+ fct;.'4t. ~ (CJi1t;rq2-4) the amenity of -5 Km 5-10 km 10+ km Total (Cols. 2-4) 2 3 4 5 ~ TOTAL 1,003 601 435 2,039 ~~ EDUCATION 63 9 72 ~ MEDICAL 315 193 102 610 ~