June Le Mert Paxton on her Yucca Valley homestead. Photo by Harry Vroman. MOJAVE SNOW My Old Desert Shack DESERT DREAMING By PHYLLIS J. BAILEY By PHYLLIS J. BAILEY Twentynine Palms, California By JUNE LE MERT PAXTON Twentynine Palms, California Yucca Valley, California Some think the desert is a lonely place I awoke this morning to see a strangely Of sun and wind, of sky and space. lovely sight Where monumental mountains brood The desert softly sleeping 'neath a coverlet You wonder, friends, why I moved away From city life and the modern way; In solemn, silent solitude, and time stands of white. still. Unsullied fleeciness tucked in snugly every Moved out where stars hang low and bright, And Joshua trees guard the silent night. place. Some know the desert is a lovely place Sage and greasewood, glamorous, in man- Where clean winds through the chaparral Of sun and wind, of sky and space. tillas of lace. Where solemn, silent mountains raise Grotesque no longer; stately, proud, sigh And hoot owl joins the coyote's cry. Heads high in reverential praise, and life is The Joshua Tree in vestments chaste, lifts real. its arms to God. Where, alone with one's Maker, one does While still from out a lead-gray sky, swirl not heed silent, soft, white veils Narrow conventions, style, and greed. Behind whose tenuous strength, our burning desert sun fails. Perhaps 'twas the call from a primitive race, A challenge to grow, a duty to face! A stepping out of a long, weary night; By TANYA SOUTH A climbing upward to seek the Light. San Diego, California WHISPERED MUSIC • Perhaps deep within I seemed to know March on! The way is clearly laid. I needed freedom where the soul could grow; Step forward fearless on the Path. By PAUL WILHELM Nor have you aught to be afraid Thousand Palms, California I needed the sunshine, the sage, and the sand; In life, and even unto death. So let me live where I may hear I needed this; I'm part of the land! For God is still your staff and stay, The silken whisper of the sand The very essence of your being, The singing music of the sphere So, friends, right here I hope to stay, And He will guide you all the way, The light-wing feet, the unseen hand And pray the crowds won't come this way. And be your hearing and your Of pressing winds that murmur near For beauty and peace the soul does not lack, seeing. The pulsing spirit of this land! While it dwells secure in an old desert shack! THE DESERT MAGAZINE DESERT CALENDAR

July 1-3—Annual rodeo, Silver City, New Mexico. July 1-4—Hopi Craftsman, 16th an- nual exhibition. Weaving, pottery, basketry, silver work demonstra- tions, Museum of Northern Ari- zona, Flagstaff, Arizona. July 1-4—Rodeo and barbecue, Cloud- croft, New Mexico. July 2-4 — Rodeo, parades, Reno, Nevada. Volume 12 JULY, 1949 Number 9 July 2-4—Hillbilly Jubilee, parade, rodeo, barbecue, Idyllwild, Cali- fornia. COVER SAGUARO. Photograph by George Olin, Nogales, Arizona. July 2-4—Frontier days and rodeo, Prescott, Arizona. POETRY My Old Desert Shack, and other poems ... 2 July 2-4—Southwest All-Indian Pow- CALENDAR July events on the desert 3 Wow, Ceremonial dances, Flag- staff, Arizona. Home in the Cactus Forest PERSONALITY July 2-4—Celebration and "Pageant By LOUISE PRICE BELL 4 of Progress," Bisbee, Arizona. Rain-Makers of Mishongnovi INDIANS July 2-5—Third convention of Cactus By DAMA LANGLEY 5 & Succulent Society of America, When Wild Bees Nest on the Walls of Desert Desert Botanical garden, Papago NATURE park, Phoenix, Arizona. Canyons By EDMUND C. JAEGER 10 July 2-5—Annual Apache fiesta and Devil Dance, Mescalero Apache FIELD TRIP We Dug Sandspikes on the Border reservation, northeast of Alamo- gordo, New Mexico. By HAROLD O. WEIGHT ...... 11 July 3.5—Tooele Bit and Spur club DESERT QUIZ Test and improve your desert knowledge ... 16 annual rodeo, Tooele, Utah. RECREATION On Hassayampa Trails July 3.5—Lions Club rodeo, Gallup, By RANDALL HENDERSON 17 New Mexico. HISTORY Rails Across the Continent—1869 Jujy 4—Annual free barbecue and By DAVID E. MILLER . . ' 22 street sports, Payson, Arizona. PHOTOGRAPHY July 4—Annual rodeo, Cimarron, Contest winners in May, and other pictures . . 24 New Mexico. MINING Current news of desert mines 26 July 4-5—Annual rodeo, Springerville, PERSONALITY Patriarch of Palm Springs Arizona. By NINA PAUL SHUMWAY 27 July 7-9—Ute Stampede, Nephi, Utah. LETTERS Comments and opinions of Desert's readers . . 31 July 8-30—Water colors and drawings CLOSE-UPS by William Fett; Etchings by About those who write for Desert 32 James Swann, Museum of North- NEWS ern Arizona, Flagstaff, Arizona. From here and there on the desert ...... 33 CONTEST July 14—Fiesta and corn dance, Co- Prizes to photographers, monthly contest ... 36 chiti Pueblo, New Mexico. HUMOR Hard Rock Shorty of Death Valley 37 July 15-17—Tooele City Centennial LAPIDARY celebration, Tooele, Utah. Amateur Gem Cutter, by Lelande Quick ... 40 HOBBY July 22-23-25—Rodeo, Spanish Fork, Gems and minerals 41 COMMENT Utah. Just Between You and Me, by the Editor ... 46 July 24—Days of '47, Salt Lake City, BOOKS Utah. Reviews of Southwestern Literature 47 July 24-week—Pioneer Days celebra- The Desert Magazine is published monthly by the Desert Press, Inc., Palm Desert tion, Ogden, Utah. California. Re-entered as second class matter July 17, 1948, at the post office at Palm Desert, California, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Title registered No. 358865 in U. S. Patent Office, July 25-26—Corn dances, Taos Pu- and contents copyrighted 1949 by the Desert Press, Inc. Permission to reproduce contents eblo, New Mexico. must be secured from the editor in writing. RANDALL HENDERSON, Editor July 26—Fiesta and dance, Santa Ana AL HAWORTH and MARION HEWES, Associate Editors Pueblo, New Mexico. BESS STACY, Business Manager MARTIN MORAN, Circulation Manager Unsolicited manuscripts and photographs submitted cannot be returned or acknowledged July—Life Magazine's traveling ex- unless full return postage is enclosed. Desert Magazine assumes no responsibility for hibit "Ancient Maya", a series of damage or loss of manuscripts or photographs although due care will be exercised. Sub- photographic panels by Dmitri scribers should send notice of change of address by the first of the month preceding issue. Kessel, Southwest Museum, High- SUBSCRIPTION RATES land Park, Los Angeles, Calif. One Year ... $3.50 Two Years ... $6.00 Canadian Subscriptions 25c Extra, Foreign 50c Extra Subscription to Army Personnel Outside U. S. A. Must Be Mailed in Conformity With P. O. D. Order No. 19687 Address Correspondence to Desert Magazine, Palm Desert, California JULY, 1949 Home in the Cactus Forest

By LOUISE PRICE BELL

Their nearest town is 34 miles away, but they have made friends of the native fauna — and their hours are never lonesome.

HE WILDES—Elaine and Larry and their chil- But Elaine is a resourceful person. She is never lonely dren— live in an isolated desert spot. Larry is park because there's always so much to do: sewing, knitting, 7ranger at Madrona ranger station in the Saguaro reading, the care of the little Wildes and her little home. National Monument. During winter months, tourist travel One morning they awakened to find the clothes line is heavy and he puts in a five-day week at the custodian's gone, with only a few tattered pieces of what had been headquarters—a 34-mile daily drive. In the summer he the day's laundry clinging to the clothes pins. Roving supervises the fire-prevention and protection program in cattle had made a feast on rompers, lingerie, shorts. the forested area, to the east. Jogging over 110 miles of Larry solved that problem with an electrically-charged pack trails is no picnic, and getting back home not a wire fence around the yard. daily affair. The Wildes love the desert country. Their only com- When the Wildes moved here two years ago, they were plaint is the occasional scorpion which shows up around very new to this sort of living. Like many other G.I. the house, and it is hard to teach the children to leave couples, Larry and Elaine had shuttled about from one them alone. Larry was stung once, with no serious results. rented room to another, and this continued when he was With horses and mules in the corral at Madrona station, at the Utah Aggie school at Logan, Utah. No wonder the they have plenty of opportunity to ride out through the tiny one-room adobe house where they lived when they cactus forest. But they also like to hike, and in the absence first came to the Monument seemed like a dream house! of playmates the children are becoming acquainted with Lack of running water was nothing to them and, a smoky the bird and animal life of southern Arizona. wood stove brought no complaints. They loved the desert and didn't mind the air that filtered through slits in the They feel that they are fortunate people—with 9,000 roof. acres of saguaro-dotted desert in their front and back yards—a region that many thousands of Americans travel Now they have a better home, with running water, gas long distances each year to see. stove, refrigerator, automatic water heater, a power plant, a telephone and radio. Studio couch and cribs in the main room take care of family sleeping, and here, too, are Larry's desk, the dinette set, some chairs. They are doing nicely. SAGUARO NATIONAL MONUMENT The young people met when Larry was stationed at an Located 18 miles east of Tucson, Arizona, the air field in Tucson and Elaine was a university student Saguaro National Monument comprises approxi- there. They married, Larry went overseas as a B-17 pilot, Elaine returned to the university for another semester. mately 63,000 acres. It was reserved as a National After Larry's discharge, he returned to Logan—and then Monument in 1933, with a custodian on duty most came the job at the Monument—a civil service appoint- of the year. The saguaro cactus is Arizona's state ment. flower and the Monument was set aside to preserve The town where they do their shopping is 34 miles away, one of the finest cactus forests in the state. and it is four miles to the home of the nearest neighbor.

THE DESERT MAGAZINE Perched atop the Middle Mesa of the Hopis in Arizona is Mishongnovi pueblo, one of three villages on the mesa. Legend tells of the arrival here of the Horn clan, of their acceptance by the Bear and Snake people. Milton Snow photograph. Rain-Makers of Mishongnovi

On the Hopi mesas in northern Arizona the rattlesnake is regarded turbed after that until the final song as a messenger who conveys to the watergods the prayer of the is sung. tribesmen for an ample rain supply. But not all the Hopis have faith in Althea's mother, in whose house I the rattlesnake. Members of the Flute Society believe the music of their was staying, rose and dipped her big flutes is more potent for rainmaking purposes than reptiles. And so, in jar into the spring. The other women alternate years on the Second Mesa the Flute priests are given an followed. opportunity to hold their Rain dance. The story of this unusual cere- "Mang iuh, (tired)?" I asked. "Put monial is told by a writer who knows the Hopi intimately. your jars in my car and I will haul them up to the plaza." By DAMA LANGLEY "Mang i uh," they answered, "but was August and Flute Dance up and down the thousand feet of we must carry the water as did our time on the Second Mesa of the steep trail to and from the spring. mothers, or the gods would know and Hopis. Water sufficient for four days' needs dry up all our springs." Under the apricot trees fed by a should be stored in their homes before The gravel road skirting the three trickle from Burro springs, a dozen sunset. The Flute priests would come mesas where the Hopi Indians live in women sat and rested before carrying to the spring at that hour with prayer -northern Arizona was thronged with their filled water jars to the pueblo of sticks and sacred pollen from corn and cars of people going to Old Oraibi Mishongnovi. All day they had gone tule, and the waters must not be dis- and to Walpi where the annual Snake JULY, 1949 ' The Snake priests and the Flute priests perform their ceremonies in alternate years. Nine days before the sunset ceremony, preparations begin in the Flute kiva. An altar is built and a sand painting made before it. Bowls of water from sacred springs are set around it, and bean plants and melon and pumpkin vines are trained over the altar. Prayer sticks are planted in the sand. These are in memory of the Gone-Aways of the clan. From my rooftop, where I had set up housekeeping with a cot and gaso- line stove, I could look down on the top of the kiva where men practiced their songs day and night. This kiva was built against the cliff and hung out over space so it should have been easy to reach the underworld from it. The hatchway was open and the long poles of the ladder were decorated with bunches of swamp cattails, a bunch of colored corn and a horse's tail dyed scarlet. These decorations in- formed everybody that the kiva was being used for ceremonial purposes and was not to be entered by non- members of the society. The Hopi women still grind corn for their piki bread in these primitive Once each day painted runners came metates. Milton Snow photograph. up the ladder with their hands full of prayer sticks. The only clothing they dances were being held. On the Middle "Who are you? Where did you come wore was an embroidered kilt and red Mesa with its three towns the Flute from, and why are you here?" dyed moccasins. Althea, who had Society priests were trying their luck "We are wanderers looking for a grown up in my household, married, as rainmakers. They are not modest home. We are of Hopi blood and our and returned to Mishongnovi, pointed about their powers and insist that hearts are clean. We have no crooked to one of the runners and said it was the watergods listen to the flute songs speech. On our backs we carry the Homer, her husband. She said the when they can't be bothered with Flute altar and we can cause dry kilts were dabbed with wild honey, rattlesnakes! springs to bubble with water, and and that the pahos (prayer sticks) Only two unmasked ceremonies are clouds to spill on parched fields!" would be planted at distant springs. performed by Hopi dancers. One of Four times the questions and an- "Each day they go to desert springs these is the Snake dance, the other is swers were given before the line of and leave the prayers, and as they go the Flute dance, and it commemorates meal was wiped away and the stran- they circle around all the planted the arrival of the Horn Clan with its gers led into the town. They were taken fields. They go to far-away springs Flute Society at Walpi after years of down into a kiva and ordered to show first and work in toward the mesa. searching for a home. their skill. Now all springs have been visited ex- The Bear and Snake people had al- Legend says the strangers dropped cept the one at the foot of the trail ways lived with the Hopis, but in some grains of corn into cracks between and there tomorrow the last song will way the Horn Clan lost its direction rocks in the kiva floor and brought be sung. After the women brought all when the tribe emerged from the un- rain down through the kiva roof to the water they needed priests went derworld and they could find no suit- water the corn. All night they played down in the night and put meal and able place to settle. At last they came their flutes and sang growing songs. tule pollen on top of the water. It to a spring in a country they liked. In the morning there stood sturdy gathers in spots and then the priests They saw no homes, so sent out spies green stalks of corn where the dry skim it off and put it on the fields of to see if the way was clear for them. grains had been planted. Such power- the Flute Society. I hope some went The Flute people went to the foot of ful priests as these must not be allowed on Homer's cornfield." the high cliff above the spring and saw to join another tribe. So the Bear and "Do you believe in these cere- a faint trail cut into the rocks. They Snake priests took their new comrades monies?" I asked the gay-hearted girl followed their leader up the trail. He before the people: I had watched grow up far from the played his flute and the rest of them "The chief of these people shall be mesa. . sang songs to flatter their watergods. one of our priests." "No, I don't. Homer tries to believe Before long they came to a line of As it happened there were two because he has to take part in the dance meal across the trail and they knew or not have anywhere to plant. If the enough to stop there. groups of flute players with the stran- gers. One group played flutes the color rain fails to come every man will be While they halted they continued of a cloudless sky, and the other used questioned to see if he failed to do his playing the flute and singing. Soon the flutes gray as rain-filled clouds. So two duty, or if he has broken some rule Bear Clan and the Snake Clan with Flute priests were accepted, and now such as eating salt or sleeping with his their priests came to the other side of the Middle Mesa has both the Blue wife during the nine days." the meal barrier. Flute and the Drab Flute dancers. "I thought you and Homer were THE DESERT MAGAZINE /?/ Indians no longer permit photographs of their sacred dances. This picture of a diorama in the Milwaukee public museum shows one of the katchina dances held in Mishongnovi pueblo. going down to Parker where the Hopi jar closely covered with cornhusks quickly. Instantly the thin batter are building their new home. What and tied with a cotton string. She cooked into a thin sheet of bread. She happened?" placed this in the hands of the waiting lifted this off and laid it to one side "Semana, our people are old. My Indian and we watched him disappear and smeared another one on the rock. mother is breathless after she carries down the ladder. When a dozen sheets were cooked she water from the spring, and you know "There goes the honey I expected picked them up one by one and laid to eat on fried bread," grumbled Al- them on the stone again to soften. Homer's father is blind. He sits in the Then they were folded and rolled into sun all day and knits stockings for us, thea, but her mother was in a trance- cylinders about the size of small ears and at night he goes to the kiva and like state of delight. She had been hon- of corn. The first bowl of mixture made teaches the boys the songs of our peo- ored by the Flute priests. Althea re- blue-gray piki, but when she mixed ple. When he takes the sunset trail he minded her of the piki making and we again she colored her gruel and the will be buried at the foot of the mesa went into the corn room just off the rolls were a light red color. We left and follow the charted trail to his storage place. her with piki and smoke thick around Underground Home. The blackened stone, greased with a her, and wandered down among the "My mother gathers yucca and sweet little mutton tallow, was kept hot by a houses where Althea's friends lived. grasses here for her basket making fire of cedar wood. The oily smoke and she is known as the best piki baker came up into the eyes of the old In one house we heard the sound of in the village. She fears to die away woman, and I suggested that corncobs, corn being ground in a metate with a from where her gods keep watch over of which plenty lay around, would mano. We went inside just as a picture her. Homer and I are young, and later make a hot smokeless fire. was being made of two pretty girls we can make our home elsewhere." "We use them when there is no grow- dressed in old-time Hopi costumes and In a sheltered corner of her corn ing corn. But if they were to be burned squash blossom hairdress. They were room Althea's mother heated the piki now while corn is green in the fields, grinding corn, but more for the fun of stone and began making the feast the gods would be angry and drain all it than because meal was needed. bread. She came to tell us the stone the moisture away." Strange creatures, There were shrieks of dismay when was hot if I wished to watch the bak- those Hopi gods. Althea pointed to the print aprons ing. While she stood with us a mes- Althea's mother sat on a sheepskin, they had forgotten to remove for the senger from the kiva climbed the out- her feet turned sideways as is proper picture taking. side stone steps and came to us. He Hopi manners, and held her bowl of Back of the houses was a row of the said something to the older woman and thin corn gruel on her lap. She dipped hive-shaped ovens which conquering she scurried away to the storage room her right hand into the bowl and then Spaniards taught the pueblo people to and came back with a small pottery swiped it across the hot rock very build and use. It takes much wood to JULY, 1949 position. They glided across the plaza, the only sound being the clatter of sea shells strung and tied around their knees. There was a soft rustling noise when the cottonwood branches were parted and prayer sticks placed inside the bower. Then the thin reedy voice of a flute floated over the sleeping town and the men began to sing their rain prayer very softly. Rattles took up the tempo and soon Althea who had learned the words as a child began to hum them in English to me: "Over the field of growing corn shall hang the heavy cloud. Over the blos- soming beans, oh cloud, go slowly. Over the virgin corn hovers the thun- der cloud." The song ended and then men trotted lightly back to the kiva and settled to sleep. They would rest while the powerful prayer sticks worked for them. I looked at my watch. It was almost four o'clock, so I went to sleep and when I opened my eyes blue cedar ' Interior of a Hopi basket-weaver's home. Milton Snow photograph. smoke was coming from cooking fires and its desert perfume flavored my heat one of these ovens, and wood is where the peaches could be taken breakfast of bacon and eggs. scarce in Hopiland. It is brought on should a rain storm come. It pleased This was the final day of ceremony. the backs of burros for many miles, the women when peaches ripened be- Early in the morning the Flute priests and not a chip is wasted. fore the rain dances were performed. went down a secret trail and came back To save wood and work, half a doz- They were sure rains would follow the to the village by the well-used path- en housewives have their yeast bread ceremony and spoil the peach drying way. They were met by Bear and Snake baked in one oven. Sometimes 20 fat which must be done just when the fruit chiefs painted and kitled and carrying white loaves are placed on the hot floor has reached a certain stage of ripeness. cedar branches in their hands. by means of a wooden shovel, and These peaches grow on stunted trees "Where are you going? What do you sealed in there for the accumulated down in soil pockets along the mesa, want here?" they asked the Flute men heat to bake. I wondered how the and date back to the days of the just as their ancestors did in legendary women would know their own loaves, Spanish invasion. days. And the answer was: but there was no hesitation when we This was the last night of kiva cere- "We are of Hopi blood. Our hearts came back hours later and watched mony and Althea and I wrapped our- are good. We have with us the Flute them being taken out. To the woman selves in blankets and sat on sheepskins Powers. We cause rain to fall when our owning and operating the oven each near the edge of the roof where we Snake brothers fail." housewife gave a brown crusty loaf in could see anybody coming up the kiva payment. They were welcomed into the village ladder. Far down on the desert we and led to their kiva, and flute wail and Sweet corn puddings, full of shelled could see car lights miles away, and the prayer hum began anew. This time sunflower seeds, had been wrapped in sound of their passing kept the village they had with them the young girl and cornhusks and buried with hot rocks dogs barking constantly. The visitors boy who had won the dawn race, with in the ground where they would stay were planning to park below Oraibi and their stalks of green corn. They were until it was time to feast after the final watch the dawn race before the Snake painted with Flute Society colors and song. dance. Althea and I planned to stay dressed in embroidered kilts and wov- Old men and women, too tired with on our roof and watch the dawn race en robes and blankets and given rattles of the Flute people there at the Middle and cedar branches to hold. living to be excited about anything, Mesa. napped in the sun and kept lax watch Just before sunset the Flute Priest of playing children. Or the women The village noises died away and followed by the young girl and the worked on colorful coiled plaques lights went out until only the faint Snake warrior came out of the kiva. made only by Second Mesa Hopi flicker from the kiva shone up through Behind them were two Snake priests, women. the hatch. I was sleepy and stretched two Antelope priests and all the Flute We peeped into storerooms where out to watch the age-old stars in the soft blue sky. Society singers. They trotted off down colored corn was laid in neat rows the trail, accompanied by all the In- assorted according to color, and where • "Wake up, Semana. They are com- dians not already waiting down at the basket-making material, dried mutton ing!" I couldn't hear anything but Al- spring. and baskets of peach seeds were kept. thea pointed to the kiva and now the On the rocky ledges beyond the village creaking of a burdened ladder reached The walled-in spring with its small the early peaches were drying in the us. The Flute priests had left their sand terraced gardens and apricot trees was hot sun, and several women not con- painting and were coming to the cot- surrounded by people before the priests nected with the Flute Society stayed tonwood bower in the plaza built over reached there. The Flute Society seated there to turn the split halves and to the opening to the underworld. From its members on the north side of the keep birds and rock squirrels away. below they had watched the skies until spring and the warrior spun the howl- Little houses of stone were built there the belt of Orion reached a certain ing windmaker until it moaned and

8 THE DESERT MAGAZINE /« ;/ie 5ca«? rainfall of the Hopi country it requires infinite work to grow the annual food supply. Between harvests it is carefully preserved in such store rooms as this. Milton Snow photograph. wailed. Then he laid it aside and shot And in the desert around the other tribe is making about $1000 a day, an arrow toward the east. One of the mesas, Snake priests were speeding Dunning said. Flute players began a tune and the rattlesnakes toward the underworld The department's announcement said chief waded into the spring until he with prayers for rain. If the gods were that five uranium mines are being de- reached the center of it. Then he kind, clouds would empty their gift on veloped in this major project on the squatted down under the water and Hopi fields. Navajo reservation. The project is be- planted a prayer stick in the mud of • • • ing carried out by the Vanadium Cor- the bottom. He waded out and took a poration of America and the Atomic flute from another member and went URANIUM MINES PRODUCING Energy Commission. In addition to the back into the water. He played a tune PROFITS FOR NAVAJOS . . . five mines now being developed, the to each direction, pointed the flute That the Navajo Indian reservation project has resulted in the location of downward and blew a few notes, then in northeastern Arizona may become 30 other mines. did the same skyward. "the nation's storehouse for vital urani- The AEC has also scheduled an ex- Then he dipped water in a gourd um," is the possibility seen by Charles tensive exploratory drilling program and came out of the spring. Followed H. Dunning, director of the state de- for the reservation in 1951. Production by the flute players he walked entirely partment of mineral resources, who at the five mines now being operated around the pool of water and then led revealed this month that the reserva- reaches 200 tons a day, Dunning said. his members back up the trail to the tion project has been under way for All five mines are of the open pit kiva. more than a year. variety. By the time the priests were stripped He said 10 per cent of the profits The material mined in Arizona is of their ceremonial paint and dressed from sale of the ore will go into the sent to four uranium reduction plants in everyday clothes, feasts were waiting Navajo tribal fund. On the basis of in Utah and Colorado, which now have in their homes. present production at $50 per ton, the an output of 500 tons a day. JULY, 1949 river. A year ago I came upon the spectacular bank pic- tured on this page in the soft sandstone of one of the numerous gullies leading down to the Colorado river below Parker dam. Another bank which rivals this one in size I found in Pushawalla canyon on the Colorado desert north of Indio, California. If you come upon one of these extensive bee communi- ties in late March or April you may be fortunate enough to see the bees at work excavating the burrows and mak- ing their longish, capsule-like cells. Other members of the bee community may be busy provisioning their cells with the nourishing honey-pollen mixture on which the larval young will feed. The industry of these efficient arti- sans at such times is extraordinary. Since they are non- stinging bees you may watch them without fear. Of the earnestness of their endeavor there can be no doubt. The clay they choose to burrow in generally is not soft; indeed it is often surprisingly hard and one is led to wonder what unusual kind of tools the adept workers have with which to excavate so efficiently. It is a habit of such bank- nesting bees to deposit a kind of fluid on the earth to soften it so the well developed mandibles can excavate more readily. Perhaps herein lies, at least in part, the secret of their success. The tubes they make generally are straight and go hori- zontally into the clay or sandstone only an inch or two. Usually they are wholly separate one from the other. Occasionally, however, especially when the burrows are longer than usual, they join one another. This probably is because the zealous workers do not always sense too well the direction in which they are tunneling, or because foolishly they begin their burrows too near those of neighbors. Once the burrow is excavated it is lined with a paste of clay and quick-drying gelatinous fluid secreted by the Sandstone cliff long used by wild bees of the desert. bee. This retains the nourishing honey-pollen mixture on The author calls these nesting places bee-banks. which the larva will feed. Once this inner receptacle is provisioned the orifice of the burrow is cleverly sealed with a fast hardening lid of clay which remains intact until the new adult bees later emerge. Swarming about the busy cave-makers you may discover some of the numerous parasites that plague the deft workers and imperil the existence of the eggs or the young larval bees soon after they emerge from the egg. Such enemies are certain bees, wasps, flies and meloid or blister beetles. Often the number of parasites is so great that most of the bee larvae never come to maturity. The wasp and bee enemy-parasites lay their eggs within the clay- lined cells, slipping in to place them there before the orifices When Wild Bees of the tubes are closed by the digger bees. The parasitic blister beetles lay their eggs, not on the bee's eggs or in the cells, but in the ground nearby. By EDMUND C. JAEGER The young blister-beetle grubs, called triangulins, fasten Photos by the Author themselves to any hairy object they touch. Thus a certain number of them attach themselves to the bodies of the nest-building bees. As the female bee lays her egg the Nest onof thos thee who tramWallsp the open country are parasite cleverly slips from her body onto the egg and is familiar with bee caves and crevices, where wild sealed within the cell when it is closed. The egg, doomed bees find housing for themselves and their food from this time on, is entirely consumed by the young supply. But the bees of the desert country also have an- larva. Having consumed its dainty food, the strange grub other type of community development, which may properly now moults and becomes a very different creature which be called bee-banks. They may be seen occasionally on turns to feeding on the stored food prepared for consump- the vertical clay and sandstone, walls of many of the larger tion by the bee larva. desert washes and narrow badlands canyons. The bee-bank bees continue to frequent the same local- ofTher eDesert you see where Canyonsthousands of earth-nesting wild ity for many years until finally the clay banks in which bees make tubular excavations in which to place the cells they work contain extraordinary numbers of burrows, old of wax and clay which in due time will harbor the eggs and and new. The bee-bank pictured here is doubtless one larval food. I have found these bee-banks in the vertical that has been occupied by many generations of industrious clay walls of the strange-looking canyons of the Indio excavators. These earth nesting bees of colonial habit are Mud hills, in beautiful Painted canyon near Mecca, Cali- flower-feeders and are valuable pollinators of many wild fornia, and the clay cliffs along the far eastern Mojave and cultivated plants.

10 THE DESERT MAGAZINE Some specimens are found on the surface, but the greater variety of spikes in better condition are obtained only with a shovel. The group in the picture came from the hole in the foreground.

There are not many places on the desert where those fantastic We Dug Sandspikes sandstone concretions known among the collectors as sand- spikes are known to exist. One of the best of these locations, on the Border . . . just two miles from a paved highway, is described by Har- By HAROLD O. WEIGHT old Weight in this month's field Photographs by the Author trip. But there is more in this story than sandspikes. Harold T.N February, 1774, Juan Bautista mountain was passed. The company gives some interesting side- 'de Anza and his followers strug- went northward then, found the Wells lights on desert history, Indian gled across the sunstruck wasteland of Santa Rosa, and finally reached the lore, lost mines and the preser- between the lagoons of the Colorado rich land of coastal California. vation of desert wildflowers in river and the mountains of California. The mountain which guided De Anza a little known area along the Their guidemark was a dark mountain became a beacon to others crossing the Mexican border. against the western sky. Beyond it was desolate below-sea-level plain. It was Water; beyond that the end of the great fitting, then, that one of the govern- desert. But exhaustion slowed the steps ment expeditions should name it offi- For years Signal mountain has been of man and beast. Thirst blocked their cially Signal mountain. Today old Sig- a special sort of landmark for Eva way. nal, brooding darkly along the. border Wilson. Somewhere around its base, west of Calexico, is as much a land- Eva knew, old Signal was hiding sand And when De Anza abandoned that mark to the dwellers of Imperial Valley banks full of sandspikes. She had heard attempt and turned back toward the and travelers along Highway 80 as it about them often and had seen some lake-side camp of Santa Olaya, the was to the pioneers. But to most of of the mineralogical oddities from the dark peak seemed distant still. The sol- them it is only a picturesque peak, mountain. But when she asked for diers grumbled about it; with bitter while in the days before far-ranging mileages and landmarks, her inform- humor they named the mountain they automobiles, a mountain which rose ants became forgetful or hazy. "Be- had not reached Cerro del Imposible— from the flatlands to orient the weary sides," they said, "there's no use going the Impossible mountain. When the adventurer and point the way to water out there. They've about all been men and stock had rested De Anza often meant the difference between picked up now." tried again. This time Impossible life and death. But Eva did keep going to Signal JULY, 1 949 11 ..--'•V'i"-- •*'" . '.'/VTiivrtTf «y7"A/c:!!..': •'..'.:.'. \\-\ •. .. • .• .'•

/HMTVH/HtfH mountain, because it was a fine field and drove to Seeley, toward San Diego ishing outfit and he and Hazel and for practicing other hobbies, particu- on Highway 80. Zeroing the speedom- their two children spent most of their larly collecting wild flowers and eter there we turned south on the paved free time on the desert hunting rocks. photography. And it is possible to pick Calexico road. At the edge of the culti- Eva went with them, developed rock up bits of old Indian pottery in Sig- vated area we stopped to obtain some fever, and soon was grinding her own nal wash, and sometimes find bits of dry fine sand which Eva intended to specimens in the backyard. Some of petrified wood on the bajada. use to "pickle" wildflowers. the first she collected—copper ores, The trips paid off. One day she Eva Wilson is widely known for her blue-grey moss agate and pretty jas- wrote: "I've found the blamed things. collection of pressed, framed desert pers—came from areas now covered I've been driving right over some of wildflowers which have been exhibited by Lake Mead. them for years!" at the Imperial county fair and at On these trips Eva and Hazel started Naturally we motored to Eva's El shows of the Imperial Valley Gem and to collect wild flowers, keeping the Centro home on the first free weekend. Mineral society, of which she is an pressed specimens in notebooks with We wanted sandspikes too, and there active member. The framed flowers heavy celluloid pages. Eva's college are few places where they are known represent years of collecting and of course in botany—"from which I to exist. You can't cut or polish the experimenting with the best methods learned nothing"—had not aroused freakish things. They're really not of picking, pressing and mounting to her interest in flowers. The trouble pretty. But they are one of the strang- preserve color and life-like appear- was that the. course started from the est attractions in Nature's mineralogical ance. wrong end, with microscopic study and sideshow. And if ever life should be- Eva's interest in flowers and rocks tiny details which meant nothing to a come boring, just sit down with a se- goes back to 1923 when she was a beginner. Eva believes that field work lected group of sandspikes and try to with the flowers should come first.Sh e figure out the circumstance or combi- teacher in Las Vegas, Nevada. In her knows that after she met the flowers nation of circumstances which led to four years there she boarded with Nick in their home environment in the Ne- their formation. and Hazel Williams. Nick, who has vada desert she went back to botany since died, was one of Nevada's earli- manuals with new interest and under- Simple concretions are hard to ex- est rockhounds. He had his own pol- standing. And she has become an ex- plain. But some of these things look pert on the flowers of the desert. as if they had been machined. A Desert Magazine reader once suggested that After leaving Las Vegas, Eva taught they are petrified gopher holes, but ROAD LOG in Los Angeles. Here she started fram- gophers just don't come small enough 00.0 Seeley. Turn south on Calexico ing the wildflowers she collected. To for the little ones. Some collectors road, Hwy. 98. pay for flower expeditions into the speculate that the Indians made and 08.0 Turn right on graded road. desert, Eva offered some of the framed buried them. Believe me, there just Hwy. 98 makes abrupt left turn. Cross two irrigation canals then, flowers for sale. Soon exclusive gift weren't enough Indians and Indians less than one-tenth mile, left shops and one of the best-known de- aren't that crazy. There probably is a again on broad bladed road partment stores took all she could pro- simple, natural reason for their shapes toward Signal. duce and literally were selling them —if we were smart enough to under- 09.8 Branch right to gravel pit. Keep faster than she could prepare them. ahead on main road. stand it. Eva believes it to be a form 09.9 Main road curves sharply right. To speed the process, she started grow- of crystallization. 10.0 Stop. Sandspikes on either side ing wildflowers—baby blue eyes, wild We left El Centro for sandspikes on of road. fuchsia, poppies, globe mallow, godetia a bright, blustery February morning and others—in her own yard. And she

12 THE DESERT MAGAZINE In the sandy soil among these little hummocks near northeastern base of old Signal mountain, collectors may find the geological oddities called sandspikes. found a large demand for pressed gar- pressing and mounting flowers, but mother more than 50 years ago, with den flowers. now she selects the ones she wants the blue still intense. During the school year her output and does the work because she enjoys She uses glue or mucilage for mount- was small, but in vacations it rose un- it. ing the pressed flowers—placing a dot til she was taking in $140 a month. During her years of experimenting or thin line on the mount with a tooth- She soon found that commercializing Eva has found that, to retain the color, pick. Mats are die-cut and printed with her flower pictures had spoiled the fun flowers should be pressed immediately. framing lines. Mount, flower mat and of making them. There were deadlines For this purpose she carries old num- glass are bound together with passe to meet. There was a demand for cer- bers of large popular magazines and an partout tape. tain types to the exclusion of others antique letter-press in her car. Newly- While Eva was giving flower-preser- she wanted to do. opened flowers retain their color better, vation tips we had been following the Since moving to El Centro, where and in general mountain flowers keep highway to 8.0 miles from Seeley, she teaches mathematics and is girls' their color better than those from the where the paving turns sharply left counselor at the high school, Eva has desert. The primary colors fade less toward Calexico. Here we swung right stopped commercial sales except to than more delicate tints and mixed onto the Yuha cutoff, crossed two friends who insist upon having them to colors. Larkspurs, sunflowers and ver- canal bridges and turned left from the give at Christmas and on other occa- benas are color-lasting and she has cutoff onto a wide bladed road which sions. She has not stopped collecting, baby blue eyes, pressed by her grand- headed for Signal mountain. Gravel Rising sharply from the level desert floor Signal mountain—La Centinela, Lower Californians call it—has been a guide for desert travelers since Juan Bautista de Anza's first California expedition in 1774, was an Indian landmark before that time. Photograph taken from the north on U.S. side of Mexican border. Much of peak lies in Mexico.

JULY, 1949 13 Butterfield stage line. He was taken to Warner's rancho where he told the story of his fabulous lost nuggets. Shortly afterward several parties, in- cluding cowboys from Warner's, tried to find the nuggets. All these parties, apparently basing the search upon di- rections given them by Pegleg, went to the Cocopah mountains just south- east of Signal mountain. In later years the search for the Pegleg has moved north and expanded to cover most of Southern California. But Signal retains its own treasure legend, as fantastic as any in the Southwest. The tale is little known and apparently was first printed by Dr. Fred W. Peterson in 1947, in his fascinating book on the early days in Imperial Valley, Desert Pioneer Doctor. Dr. Peterson heard the story from the old prospector Diamond George who obtained it from Borego, an In- dian whose age was estimated as above the century mark. When Borego's grandfather was a young man, he was bodyguard for a young Cocopah chief who had a stronghold in the mountains 30 miles west of Signal. A renegade Yuma Indian from the Colorado river came to the village with the story of a large amount of gold which the Yumas had collected and hidden. The renegade knew where the gold had been hidden and, as the Cocopahs and Yumas were almost constantly at war, the adventurous young chief de- cided to raid the Yumas and steal the gold. The invaders reached the river and found the gold, but before they could retreat the Yumas attacked in force. The young chief was mortally wounded in the first assault and his bodyguards carried him and the gold Eva Wilson shows how to dry-preserve a dune evening primrose by covering from the field while Cocopah warriors it carefully with fine, dry sand—her own method. covered their retreat. pits, workings and roads cover the be excavated easily, but care must be The Yumas harried their attackers country here. But we held on the main used in working around the larger all the way to Signal mountain before road to 9.9 miles, where the road spikes or they will come out in pieces they gave up the pursuit. At Signal, turned sharply right. One-tenth mile or with the points broken off. The high on the eastern cliffs, the members beyond the curve—10 miles from smallest spike we located was about of the bodyguard buried their chief Seeley, we stopped. Eva pointed down. an inch in length. The largest recov- and the gold which had caused his There, actually in the road, were speci- ered in one piece was a foot long. death, then went back to their home mens of the bumpy-headed forms of Lengths of spikes lying upon the sur- village. There are weak links in the sandspikes which Eva calls cauliflowers. face show that much longer ones must story, if it is examined closely. But We examined the surrounding coun- occur here. The spikes appeared to be who ever looks closely at a tale of lost try, which seems to be formed of low, most numerous north of the road. gold? And if it should be true, it offers knobby sand mounds. Broken bits of This collecting field is located near a possible solution of Pegleg and his sandspikes were on the surface in a the northeastern base of Signal, which nuggets. number of places and a few minutes base, incidentally, has been eaten away If gold was taken from the Yumas of digging in the soft sand uncovered by gravel-grabbing mechanical shovels it probably was from the Pothole or perfect specimens. Our investigations almost to the international line. Gravel Laguna placers on the Colorado river indicated that this particular concen- appears to be the only deposit being and was in nugget form. If those nug- tration of sandspikes covered a little worked at Signal, but in the early days gets, buried by the Cocopahs, became more than an acre of ground. From it was prospected for gold and was one exposed through the years and lay pieces of float in the washes it seems of the landmarks for the first searchers upon the surface of Signal mountain, likely that there are other deposits in after the Lost Pegleg mine. According they might have become coated with the area. to a story, recounted by Philip Bailey desert varnish. Then Pegleg, crossing This one should furnish many sand- in Golden Mirages, Pegleg was rescued from the Colorado* river and climbing spikes for those bringing a shovel and from the desert in 1855 bv a hostler the highest available peak to locate willing to dig, however. The sand can from the San Felipe station of the himself—remember there has been

14 THE DESERT MAGAZINE Here are the sandspikes uncovered at base of Signal mountain. much debate as to whether the Lost flowers too succulent to press satis- been able to carry on necessary activi- Pegleg is on one of three buttes or one factorily and others, like the globe mal- ties because the house was bulging of three peaks upon a mountain— low, whose dainty shapes are lost in with sand-filled cans. To solve the could have found the "black" nuggets. pressed specimens. Another advantage, problem of proper display for the fin- But before eager searchers scramble she found, is that with this system the ished product, Eva has made arrange- up Signal's steep slopes to glean nug- original colors are retained more per- ments in shadow-box frames and has gets Pegleg might have missed, it would fectly. grouped flowers in plastic corsage be well to remember that most of the To dry-preserve flowers Eva takes boxes obtained from a florist. mountain lies in Mexico. And Norte- two-pound coffee cans and sufficient After packing a dune evening prim- americanos who crossed the border on fine dry sand to fill them, and a medi- rose to dry in the warm sand, we drove Signal without proper authorization um-sized funnel. She puts enough sand north to the Yuha cutoff road. It was have sometimes been required by in the can to hold the flower upright, not yet noon and we determined to Mexican officials to trudge into Mexi- then carefully funels sand around and take the cutoff west, through the edge cali and account for their actions. finally over the flower. She is careful to of the Yuha badlands, and regain Others have climbed the mountain keep the pressure even all around, Highway 80 at Coyote Wells. After a without molestation. working the sand under the petals in few miles of reasonably good desert After collecting a sufficient variety their natural positions before any is road, we came to Pinto wash. The of the freakish concretions, we drove poured over them. The sand-packed wash, at this point, is only about 1000 through the gravel-pits toward the flowers are left a minimum of four feet wide, but sometimes its soft sand Yuha cutoff. On a sandy upper level weeks—preferably in a room, to as- welcomes automobile wheels with an of Signal wash we found a beautiful sure a more even temperature. Succu- unholy and all-absorbing enthusiasm. little garden of early wildflowers—ver- lent flowers, of course, require more Herbert E. Bolton tried to drive across bena, dune primrose, yellow evening time. Some of the delicate flowers she another section of this same wash in primrose, Baileya pauciradiata, pala- preserved in their natural shape by 1928, while tracing the trail of Juan foxia and forgetmenots. And here Eva this method are now a year old and Bautista de Anza for his great series gave a demonstration of her latest show no signs of deterioration. of books on Anza's expeditions. They method of preserving flowers. Drawbacks are the number of contain- worked all night, he wrote, carrying About a year ago she started what ers required and the amount of space enough rocks to build a roadway which might be called three-dimensional dry- necessary during the drying period. enabled them to back 140 feet out of ing of desert blooms, principally to Eva has haunted tincan dumps for the the wash. solve problems presented by cactus containers and sometimes scarcely has Once there was a bridge across the Some of the concretions in the Signal mountain area are shaped like cauliflowers.

JULY, 1949 15 wash on the Yuha cutoff road. But a impassable is a loss to Calexico as well visit the magnificent forest of cruci- storm carried it away and it has not as to many tourists. fixion trees — Holacantha emoryi — been replaced. That this scenic drive One of the reasons we chose the which encircle the dry lake on the left, has been allowed to become virtually Coyote Wells road was the desire to or southwest, side of the road about 7.5 miles beyond Pinto wash. If the visitor enters from Coyote Wells, the Desert Quiz is published both for those lake is approximately the same distance who already are well acquainted with from Highway 80. The crucifixion Desert Quiz the desert Southwest, and for those who thorn is an uncommon plant in the would like to improve their knowledge of this fascinating region. The western Colorado desert. It is supposed questions include geography, history, botany, mineralogy and the general to be a shrub. Yet they grow to more lore of the Great American Desert. Regular readers of the magazine find than 15 feet in height at this little dry their scores improving from month to month, for all of the answers to the lake. The forest seems to be little questions appear sooner or later in the pages of Desert. Twelve to 15 is a known, probably because from the fair score. Sixteen to 18 is superior. A score of 19 or 20 is exceptional. road the shrubs look like large coarse The answers are on page 36. smoke trees. 1—Going from Tucson, Arizona, to Guaymas, Mexico, you would cross There is another attraction in the the international boundary at— area—Vista de Anza—which should Douglas El Paso Nogales Calexico not be missed although it becomes 2—Early American Indians ground their meal in a— more difficult to reach each year. Mescal pit Mortar Atlatl Arrastre About two miles northwest from Hola- 3—Asbestos is— Mined from the ground Fabricated from cantha lake—5.4 miles from Coyote cotton Sheared from sheep Made from coal tar Wells—the winding track called Hock- 4—Arizona's annual buffalo hunt is held in— er drive branches southeast from the White Mountain Apache reservation Chiricahua National Monu- Yuha cutoff and twists an erratic 1.6 ment Petrified forest House Rock valley miles to Anza monument. From this 5—The approximate age of prehistoric pueblos in the Southwest is deter- point there is a magnificent and unfor- mined by— Tree rings in the roof timbers Indian legends gettable view of the Yuha badlands. Petroglyphs on the rocks Pottery shards Far below can be seen the mesquites 6—For climbing in dry rocks the best footgear to wear is— which mark Anza's Wells of Santa Leather-soled moccasins Rubber-soled shoes Hobnailed Rosa, called Yuha wells today. And boots Leather sandals immediately around Vista de Anza, 7—The Southwestern state having the smallest population per square along the ridges on either side and in mile is— Nevada Arizona New Mexico Utah the badlands below, the dark petri- 8—If you wanted to make application for lease of a jackrabbit homestead fied wood characteristic of this desert you would go to— The county clerk in which the land is can be found. Rockhunting in the located The state department of natural resources The Yuha, however, is definitely a spring, nearest postofnce The U.S. District Office of Land Manage- fall and winter pastime. In the summer ment there are few hotter, drier and more 9—The Mountain Men who trapped the western country in the middle dangerous spots on the desert. of the last century derived their income mainly from the furs of— How long it will be possible for ordi- Fox Beaver Mink Coon nary cafs to reach Vista de Anza is 10—If you entered Death Valley from Beatty and Rhyolite you would go questionable. The ruts are washing through— Raton pass San Gorgonio pass badly and the southeastern entrance Emigrant pass Daylight pass to the drive could not even be located 11—Albuquerque, New Mexico, is on the banks of the— from the Yuha cutoff when we were Pecos river San Juan Rio Grande Verde there. California needs a law which 12—One. of the following plants might be mistaken for yucca— will require road departments to do Nolina Indigo bush Creosote Catsclaw occasional maintenance work upon 13—The most conspicuous coloring of the fossil wood in the Petrified roads which they considered useful Forest National Monument is— enough to spend public money in Red White. Green Orange opening. 14—If you traveled west on the Southern Pacific railroad you would cross It was nearly dark when we reached the Colorado river at— the paving of Highway 80. Across the Blythe Yuma Parker Topoc badlands Signal mountain was still 15—Breyfogle is a name most often mentioned in the desert country in visible. It had been in almost constant connection with— An unsealed mountain peak A volcanic sight throughout the day's wanderings. crater A lost mine A ghost town Now its great dark bulk was gathering 16—The mineral-in-solution which forms travertine is— a crown of crimson clouds. Quartz Calcite Manganese Feldspar De Anza is gone. Those who came 17—The late John Wetherill for many years ran an Indian trading post at— after him have tamed the barren desert Kayenta Cameron Keams canyon Chinle and planted it almost to the foot of 18—The Dinosaur National Monument is located in the states of—• Signal. The mountain is no longer New Mexico arid Texas Arizona and Nevada Utah and needed as a guide for pioneers, path- Colorado California and Nevada breakers, or prospectors hunting gold 19—The metal obtained from a galena mine is— in the wasteland. But it is—and we Lead Iron Aluminum Zinc hope it always will be—a marker for 20—If you wanted to fish in the main stream of the Colorado river you the new breed of adventurers who would not go to one of the following states— penetrate the heart of a land once Arizona New Mexico California Nevada cursed and shunned to enjoy its strange wonders and to see its vivid beauties.

16 THE DESERT MAGAZINE Leaving Wickenberg the 133 riders followed the dry course of the Hassayampa a mile before taking to the hill trails. ON HASSAYAMPA TRAILS. . . Once each year Wickenburg, Arizona, is the rendezvous for horsemen population 3500—turned out to see us from all over the Southwest — cattlemen, lawyers, store-keepers, bankers off. We paraded down the street in the and dude wranglers — they all come to the "dude ranch capital" to spend early afternoon of April 6. There were four days on trails that lead over the hills along the Hassayampa river. 133 riders in the procession, including This year's trek covered 89 miles, and it was fun even for the unseasoned 12 wranglers. I learned later that my riders after they got over the initial aches of long hours in the saddle. companions on the trail came from 26 states, including one rider from New By RANDALL HENDERSON Jersey and another from Pennsylvania. We headed north along the main Photographs by Herbert McLaughlin street and then swung off into the dry was Steve Hambaugh's idea. their neighbors that they are not yet channel of the river. The Hassayampa Steve lives at Wickenburg, Arizona ready to retire to the hall of antiquities. is poor in water, but rich in legend. —on the Hassayampa river. He And that is a very worthy motive, too. Orick Jackson's version of the Hassa- thinks it is the best place on earth. The whole town of Wickenburg— yampa legend, as quoted in Will C. For years he has been telling me I Barnes Arizona Place Names, is told should come over and get better ac- There are many versions of the in rhyme: quainted with the Hassayampa coun- Hassayampa legend. This one try. It is-in the heart of the Arizona greets visitors who cross the You've heard about the wondrous desert. Hassayampa bridge in Wickenburg. stream I thought it was a good idea, too. They call the Hassayamp. And so, early last January when Steve They say it turns a truthful guy brought me an invitation to join the Into a lying scamp. Desert Caballeros on their annual four- day ride over the hills that overlook the And if you quaff its waters once, Hassayampa I was glad to accept. It's sure to prove your bane. Much of the area is inaccessible except You'll ne'er forsake the blasted stream on horses. Nor tell the truth again. This was the third annual ride of the But one may live in Wickenburg a Caballeros. The event was organized long tim& without tasting the waters of three years ago as entertainment for its magic river. During most of the year the winter visitors who come to the the water which comes from springs Wickenburg guest ranches. Wickenburg far to the north seeps into the sand boasts that it is the "dude capital" of long before it reaches the dude capital. the world. On this April afternoon the bed was I suspect that other motives besides dry and dusty, and we were glad when the entertainment of tenderfoot visitors our trail took to the hills a mile north had something to do with the sponsor- of town. ing of this annual 4-day trek. Wicken- burg is a rendezvous for cattlemen, We followed the gentle slopes, cross- both past and present. I think the ing arroyos and low ridges for another old-time cowmen wanted a good ex- two miles and arrived at the old Oro cuse to get out on the trail a few days Grande stamp mill and mine, a low each year to prove to themselves and grade gold property which was closed down before the war, and has never JULY, 1949 17 To PRESCOTT BLOWOUT MTN ,'\ ._ ^WAGONER "-••' \., •ARNELl 'l

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resumed operation, although much of they were introduced the Arizonans use several ingenious devices for in- the machinery is still in place. heckled them with shouts of "Water, flating them. In camp that evening I Our trail over the hills was bordered Water!" Most Arizonans are more con- saw four methods in operation. with saguaro, palo verde and ocotillo. scious than are Californians of the feud Some used small air pumps similar The most conspicuous flowers were now going on at higher levels over the to a bicycle pump. Others had com- wild hyacinth and California poppy, water of the Colorado river. pressed air bombs which are now avail- at the peak of a gorgeous blossoming During the evening I met some of able for that purpose. The most recent season. the successful guest ranch operators invention is a little bellows that oper- We rode 11 miles that afternoon, in the Wickenburg area. They are a ates with the foot, and two of the reaching a mesquite-covered bench versatile lot—they have to be to oper- campers had these. Some of the old- along the Hassayampa at 5:15 for our ate profitably a business with an active timers ridicule all these modern gad- night camp. season of only four or five months a gets and continue to inflate their mat- Trucks carrying our bedrolls and a year. It requires a combination of tresses with their own lungs. field kitchen had found their way to showman, horseman, hotelman and As we crawled into our bags that this spot and before dark we were in diplomat to bring together a staff of night we could see the ghost-like forms the mess line with our tin platters wait- cooks, housekeepers and wranglers of giant saguaro dimly outlined against ing to be served with such a dinner as each season to serve and entertain a the starlit sky. Only Arizona could pro- no chuck wagon cook of the old cattle clientelle of wealthy patrons. The re- vide such a picture. range would have dreamed was pos- nown which Wickenburg has gained A bugle call from the loud-speakers sible. as a winter ranch resort for visitors is awakened us before dawn. In fact it A sound truck with microphone and evidence that these operators are skill- was still so dark the disk jockey got loud-speakers accompanied the supply ful hosts. his records mixed and roused us with train, and the evening was given over Folding cots were available for those mess call, and then gave us reveille to an impromptu program devoted who wanted them. Many of the riders when breakfast was ready. mostly to the introduction of guests, had air mattresses in their bedrolls, and The cooks served a delicious break- with Hal Warner of Wickenburg as some of them preferred to sleep on the fast—coffee, dry cereal, both fried and master of ceremonies. There were sev- ground. The widespread popularity of scrambled eggs, toast, hotcakes, bacon eral Californians on the ride, and as rubber air mattresses has brought into and sausage. By eight o'clock we were

18 THE DESERT MAGAZINE in the saddle and on a trail that led away from the river bottom. Weaver peak, named for the old mountain man, Pauline Weaver, was our distant land- mark. A good trail wound over the hills as we climbed steadily higher. On a dis- tant ridge we saw wild horses scamper- ing for cover. Several months ago some of the Wickenburg horsemen organized a roundup in an effort to capture some of these untamed animals. But the country was too rough and the horses too alert to be caught with a lasso. The cowboys came back empty-handed. As we climbed, palo verde and oco- tillo gave way to prickly pear cactus. Once 1 saw a wrangler with a pair of pliers picking cactus thorns out of the rear anatomy of a rider who had been careless in dismounting. Toward noon we stopped at the old Beehive mine, high up on the side of Rich Hill. The Hill—really a 6,000- foot mountain—was named in 1863 when a field of nugc its was found at its summit. A single acre yielded $500,- 000 in gold according to reports. The Beehive mine, some distance below the summit, was once an exC ^nsive opera- tion, but has not been worked for 30 years. A truck brought in sack lunches over the old mine road, and we picked them up and continued over a 5500- foot pass to a sheltered little basin for picnic lunch among the junipers. Then the trail descended sharply to Spring creek and over a ridge to Cot- tonwood creek and thence to its junc- tion with the Hassayampa where we made camp among cottonwood trees. The cattlemen in our party were in high spirits. Due to generous rains dur- ing the winter the range was green with tiny pink-blossomed filaree. The cowmen guage the grazing value of the early season range by the growth of Rush C. Smith (left) president, and Steve Hambaugh, chairman of the this nutritious little plant. trails committee of the Desert Caballeros. The Hassayampa was flowing a knee- deep stream at this point, near the old years along the bed of the stream in an I asked Steve Hambaugh about the mining camp of Wagoner. Just below effort to locate it. propriety of wearing breeches inside or our camp the hills close in and the The chuck-wagon trucks had found outside one's riding boots he quoted an river flows through a narrow portal of a passable road in to this point and old Arizona gag: "A rancher with four rock. This is the site of the only at- the portable tables were spread out for cows is entitled to wear one pantleg tempt ever made to harness the waters the evening meal when we arrived. inside. If he is the owner of a whole of the Hassayampa. According to Will On this second day of the trek we herd he can stuff 'em both in." C. Barnes, a large dam was built here rode 28 miles. That is a long day in Next morning we forded a fine in 1889-1890. "February 22, 1890 . . . the saddle for one not riding regularly. stream of water in Minnehaha creek, the dam burst, carrying death and de- But I led my horse on some of the a tributary of the Hassayampa from struction to those living below. Over down-grades, and felt no discomfort. the east, and followed a scenic trail 70 lives were lost and heavy damage As soon as we reached camp the over the ridges and eventually into suits ensued. Dam was built primarily wranglers took over the stock while Castle creek a few miles above Castle for hydraulic mining." the rest of us picked smooth spots for Hot Springs resort. One of the trucks The loss of this dam gave rise to one our bedrolls. The animals were tied in came up the bed of the wash and of Arizona's lost treasure stories. The picket lines and given forage brought served cold lunch in a scenic cove at tale is that a safe in the construction in for them by a truck. the base of two of the rock pinnacles camp saloon was washed down stream At the campfire program that night which give the creek its name. and never recovered, although it was one of the entertainers recited some A mile below the lunch stop the said to contain a small fortune in gold verses about "dude cowboys" with trail left the creek bed and climbed dust and fortune-hunters searched for their pants tucked in their boots. When steeply over a high ridge and then led

JULY, 1949 19 For seven or eight hours a day the riders followed old cattle and mining trails across a cactus and yucca strewn landscape. down into Buckhorn creek, scene of the Sun is one of Arizona's outstanding extensive placer mining in the early is a strict rule against tipping the country newspapers. This was our first wranglers and service employes. days. The trenches left in the gravel contact with the outside world since we banks where dredges once operated Three times a day we were served left town three days previously. with meals as varied and well prepared are still visible. The ride of the Desert Caballeros is We arrived at our night camp at as one would expect in a high class so organized that no money can be guest resort. I learned that much of the Buckhorn springs at 4:30, and an hour spent enroute. At no time during the later a plane flew over and dropped credit for the excellent commissary 3Vi days we were on the trail did we was due to the skill of Gene Francis, copies of the Wickenburg Sun, just off pass a trading post or drink stand the press. Edited by John McCarroll, a Chicago insurance broker, who where money could be used. And there comes west each year to handle that When the trails were narrow the riders were strung out single file for more than a mile. detail. He is executive secretary of the Caballeros. With Rex Vaughn, chef, three cooks and ten helpers they oper- ate a fleet of eight cars and trucks, in- cluding one refrigeration unit. They use two gas field ranges and since it is necessary to reach the campsites by rough circuitous roads, they have to operate with the precision and speed of a circus schedule. At Buckhorn springs I met Jack Clark and Eugene Lowell, the former a disabled veteran who came to this remote desert canyon for his health. He has located several mining claims which he believes will pay off later. He told me there is a showing of gold at many places in this area, with some of the prospects assaying high values. Gold mining is in the doldrums due to federal restrictions on price, but many of the mining men are expecting boom days later. Saturday morning we headed toward the Hassayampa river again, on the home-stretch of our 3Vi-day jaunt. The high ridges were behind and we were down again in the zone of wild hyacinth and California poppy, of sa- guaro, ocotillo, palo verde, crucifixion thorn and fairy duster. We rode across a lovely landscape of native shrubbery. The soreness of the first two days in the saddle was gone, and I could un- derstand why these Arizonans love the For breakfast — hotcakes, bacon, sausage, eggs, coffee, toast and dry cereal. broad horizons and the ever-changing panorama of their homeland.

After evening chuck the Caballeros enjoyed impromptu programs, drawing on their own members for most of the entertainment. Rails Across the Continent--1869

This is the scene on May 10, 1869, as Central Pacific's "Jupiter" (left) and Union Pacific's "119" inched forward to complete the first transcontinental rail connection. Savage photo. Courtesy Union Pacific railroad.

By DAVID E. MILLER Out on the Utah desert 50 met, bottles of champagne were broken STANFORD, president miles northwest of Ogden there on them and "bubbling wine flowed of Central Pacific and governor was enacted 80 years ago a down over the Golden Spike and the of California, took the silver little drama which initiated a last tie." The crews then took turns headed spike maul, stepped up close— new era of progress for western running their respective trains over the too close — swung and missed! The United States. A group of digni- new section. The ceremony was over. blow landed squarely in the middle of taries drove the last spike in the The day had been a busy one at a rail. The golden spike didn't even first transcontinental railroad — Promontory. Four special trains had quiver. Perhaps he was encumbered and here is the detail of what brought numerous railroad officials and by the attached telegraph wires dang- took place on that historic date. other dignitaries from east and west. ling from the silver head of the mallet. Four companies of the Twenty-first Perhaps he missed intentionally, for a pleted! The joint of junction is 1,086 infantry and two brass bands were on hole had been bored in the tie that was miles west of the Missouri river and hand to lend proper atmosphere to the to receive the spike and the slightest 690 east of Sacramento." occasion. Over 1500 people had made tap would have driven it home. Stan- That was on May 10, 1869, at Prom- the trek to that relatively isolated spot ford then handed the sledge to Thomas ontory, Utah. The ceremony was the (50 miles north and west from Ogden C. Durant, Union Pacific vice presi- climax of an era of railroad building and almost 90 miles from Salt Lake dent. Durant swung and missed—no unmatched in American history. The City) to witness the completion of the doubt intentionally. The maul then was nation had been bound together by transcontinental railroad. circulated among various dignitaries bands of steel. Probably no other event The last 50-foot stretch of the road- who in turn completed driving the $400 did more to solidify the states than this gold spike into place. bed had been prepared by Chinese union of the rails. coolies of Central Pacific work crews. W. N. Shilling, telegraph operator At the conclusion of the spike driv- Shortly before the ceremony, when a from Ogden, flashed this message over ing ceremony two engines (Central temporary halt was made and the cam- the wires to President U. S. Grant: Pacific's "Jupiter" and Union Pacific's eramen were ordered to "shoot", these "The last rail is laid! The last spike is "119") inched toward each other over Chinese scattered in all directions, tak- driven! The Pacific railroad is com- the new track. As their cow-catchers ing refuge behind any object that

22 THE DESERT MAGAZINE would stop a bullet. They did not know not high, as mountains go, it was a ly marred by vandals who have used it much English, but their numerous en- steep incline necessitating a climb of as a rifle target—marked the spot counters with Union Pacific crews had 90 feet to the mile. This ascent was where the union of the rails took place taught them a few essential words and negotiated by building a winding road 80 years ago. A few half-rotted ties phrases. along the foothills and up over the pass. and badly rusted spikes that may well Much friction had developed because The grade and the curves were a seri- have dated back to 1869 were lying of the wording of the railroad acts. ous handicap to rapid transportation about. Only two or three broken down The two companies were to build to- on a large scale. buildings, unoccupied for decades, re- ward each other until they met. But Long before 1900 this section of the main to mark the spot of the one-time nothing in the law stated that they had road had become a bottleneck on the rip-roaring railroad junction town. to meet. Hence, the two outfits had transcontinental line. It was because of Signs painted over each other proclaim surveyed parallel^ lines — the Central this that the Lucin Cutoff was planned the largest of these remaining relics as Pacific extending its grade through to go west from Ogden and straight post office, hotel, general store. It is Ogden and up into Weber canyon across the north arms of Great Salt almost completely overgrown by vines, while the Union Pacific was working lake to Lucin. This line was completed bushes and weeds. Doors are off, floors well into Nevada. U. P. Irishmen and in 1903 and regular traffic was routed sag, rats are the only occupants. In- C. P. Chinese had had many skull- over it in 1904. The new line shortened side we found mute evidence of the cracking encounters. Because of the the route by 43.77 miles and the time civilization that once thrived there— conflict, congress was forced to name between Ogden and Sacramento by remains of beds, tables, bottles, per- a spot (Promontory) where the two seven hours. sonal papers. Everything was soaked must meet. May 10, 1869 was also set Although trains were run over the old by recent rains that poured through as the official meeting day although the Promontory line for many years after gaping holes in the roof. In front was junction may well have occurred sev- the completion of the Cutoff, it gradu- a dilapidated hitching-rack. eral days earlier. ally fell into disuse and the roadbed Today the surrounding valley is giv- The old rail line crossed Bear river was allowed to deteriorate. In 1942 the en over to ranches. A large herd of at Corinne and struck northwest across old rails were torn up and sold as scrap Palomino horses, owned by Sunset the flat lands toward Promontory. metal. Ranch, runs wild on the range. Trav- There was practically no grade and but A short time ago Dr. C. Gregory elers now ride autos over much of the few curves for the first 20 miles—until Crampton and I visited this old junc- old railroad bed seeing very little to the pass over the Promontory range tion city. We found Promontory truly remind them of the hectic historic days was encountered. Although the pass is a ghost town. A fine monument—bad- of the past. On May 10 this year, Lucius Beebe (left) and Charles Gregg of Carson City, Nevada, visited Promontory and, costumed for the roles of Leland Stanford and Thomas C. Durant, laid wreaths on the "Last Spike" monument and enacted the scene of 80 years ago. Glen Perrins photo.

JULY, 1949 23

Desert Primrose . . . Second prize in the wildflower contest was won by Don Ollis, Santa Barbara, California, with above photo taken near 1000 Palms, California. He used a 4x5 Graphic View camera with 8" Ektar lens and K2 filter. Super XX film, at f.20, 1/25 second, late evening of March 29.

AT LEFT —Desert Primrose at Wonder Palms, by Harry Vro- man, Palm Springs, California. B. & J. press camera, 8V2" Cooke lens; Infra-Red film, 23a filter. 1 second on f.22, early morning light. Agfa 12 developer, Brovira No. 2 print in V-72.

AT RIGHT —Desert Easter Lily, by Henry C. Waggoner, Blythe, Cali- fornia. Taken on the Colorado desert west of Blythe, late afternoon, natural sunlight with dark background. Speed Graphic 2lAx31A, fine grain Pan film, 1/200 second at f.5.6. Flagstaff, Arizona . . . A vital' component of man's most modern tool, atomic energy, will be moved from a northern Arizona can- m yon by pack burro. The sure-footed Death Valley, California . . . little burro, always identified in the Wickenburg, Arizona . . . Southwest with mining, is the only an- Seventeen feet beneath the surface Death Valley Curly, Roscoe Wright swer to nature's challenge at House in a well he was drilling near Bouse and L. S. Barnes have reported discov- Rock valley. There, in a steep narrow in northern Yuma county, Sidney ery of a large body of a uranium-bear- box canyon 130 miles north of Flag- Smith brought up what he thought ing ore in Inyo county somewhere in staff, lie 200 tons of uranium-rich were small flecks of gold. As the bit the vicinity of Death Valley. The ore, petrified logs. Neither trucks nor jeeps dug deeper the yellow flecks increased. a melilite—an iron-bearing form of could operate in this rugged land. So Word of the strike spread and many gehlenite—is the first found in any Maggie and Riley Baker, discoverers people rushed to stake out claims. A quantity in the West, it is believed. of the rich strike, have hired 15 burros crew of workmen setting poles for a The uranium-bearing mineral appears and five Navajo Indians to move the new power line to Parker took time off to be independent of the melilite, al- precious ore. The pack animals will to join the stampede. R. D. Mcln- though the melilite crystals record bring out the ore over a IVi-mile trail tosh, district power company manager, presence of uranium on the Geiger to Highway 89. There trucks will pick and Ray Walker, Wickenburg mana- counter. Samples of the deposit, found it up for transportation to the Atomic ger, on a trip of inspection caught the more than a year ago, were identified Energy Commission's processing plant fever and staked a joint claim. Mcln- by the California division of mines. at Montecello, Utah. Mrs. Baker says tosh and the editor of the Wickenburg The Atomic Energy Commission, after the discovery was an accident, just as Sun took a sample of the metal to John testing samples, reported presence of it was an accident of nature that the C. Herr, recognized mineral authority. uranium in commercial quantities.— trees washed into the box canyon and He pronounced it metallic copper— Tonopah Times-Bonanza. couldn't wash out again. Discovery pure copper. His comment: "I can't of the uranium deposit was announced understand finding metallic copper un- • • • Beatty, Nevada . . . by state officials after a period of se- der the conditions you have outlined." crecy * during which the Arizona de- —Wickenburg Sun. A geologic report on the Daisy fluor- spar deposit near Beatty, in southern partment of mineral resources tested • • e Nye county, has just been released by samples.—Gallup Independent. Winnemucca. Nevada . . . the U.S. Geological Survey. The de- • • • Reopening of the Black Diablo posit consists of nine claims. Reserves Ajo, Arizona . . . manganese property 21 miles south of in the area have been estimated at Discovery of a uranium deposit in Golconda has been announced by nearly 100,000 tons of fluorspar.— Pima county has been announced by Charleston Hill National Mines, Inc. Tonopah Times-Bonanza. Charles H. Dunning, director of the Twelve carloads per month production • • • Arizona department of mineral re- is estimated. During the war this was Barstow, California . . . sources. He said samples of ore taken one of the biggest manganese produc- Prospectors have full right to enter, from a pegmatite formation at The Kid ers in the nation, but has been idle since prospect, locate and operate railroad sample mine owned by F. F. Ray of December.—Humboldt Star. lands for all minerals except coal and Tempe have run about 5 per cent • • • iron. This is the decision in legal action uranium in the natural state. The mine brought by W. F. (Dan) McGrew, is about two miles south of Papago Winnemucca, Nevada . . . Kern county, California, after he had Wells, 30 miles west of the Papago Extensive development of the Win- located gold and tungsten claims— Indian reservation. Several men from nemucca Mountain Mines company's which proved to be high grade—on Ajo had spent much time searching for tunnel to the Rexal mine has started, railroad land which had been sold to the vein from which a large piece of according to Gus Rogers, secretary- the Summit Lime company. When the float was found near Papago Wells treasurer. Plans are to extend the tun- Lime company wanted McGrew to get last year, but were unable to locate the nel 1,000 feet to connect the Winne- off, he hired an attorney and asked the vein.—Ajo Copper News. mucca Mountain mine with the Rexall aid of U. S. Senator Edwin C. Johnson • • • workings, former bonanza producer of Colorado. McGrew now has been which has long lain idle. A pilot plant notified that the Lime company attor- Winnemucca, Nevada . . . designed to treat 20 tons of ore daily ney admits McGrew's claims are legal. The Nevada-Massachusetts Tungsten has been installed, was scheduled to When the government granted the lands mine 17 miles west of Winnemucca has be in operation June 1.—Humboldt to the railroad, it reserved all minerals been closed. Reasons for the closing, Star. except coal and iron. — Barstow as announced by President C. H. Se- • • • Printer-Review. gerstrom: foreign competition "brought on by state department encouragement Kanab. Utah . . . • • • of low tariff"; low demand for tung- It was Friday the 13th when M. E. Tonopah, Nevada . . • sten; low prices for the metal. The Noel and E. W. Ford of Prescott, Ari- Frank May and Eddie Clark, Tono- mine has operated since World War I. zona, located and staked a claim on pah residents, are developing a show- —Pioche Record. 1000 feet of exposed uranium only 13 ing of fluorspar in Quinn canyon range • • • miles from Kanab at Navajo Gap. Now 75 miles east of Tonopah, they report. Baker, California ... virtually all the surrounding area is They see promise of a producer of high Erection of a 50-ton amalgamation covered by claims. Not entirely new at grade ore. Last fall May made the dis- and flotation mill at Silver lake, seven the uranium prospecting game, the two covery, found a series of veins cutting miles north of Baker, has been started men have another claim in Arizona through a rhyolite flow, east and west. by the California Silver corporation. which tests seven per cent. Their Ka- The veins range in width from a foot Ore from the company's silver hill mine nab find will run higher, they believe.— or less up to four feet.—Times-Bo- near Riggs will be trucked 12 miles for Kane County Standard. nanza. processing at the new plant. 26 THE DESERT MAGAZINE Dr. Welwood Murray with his Scotch tam-o-shanter. Patriarch of Palm Springs

By NINA PAUL SHUMWAY went back more than six decades. It Photos from C. C. Pierce Collection Today a fine library in Palm was from Miss White and other pio- Springs perpetuates the name of neers of Palm Springs that I learned the patched and crumb- Dr. Welwood Murray. The li- the story of a man whose stalwart char- g adobe walls which surround brary is a monument to the fine acter and eccentric ways have become the old Welwood Murray garden qualities of a man who played a legend in this community on the edge in the heart of Palm Springs, an ardent a major role in the development of the Colorado desert. mid-May sun warned wintering devo- of the desert community. But Dr. It was in 1886 that Dr. Welwood tees that it was time for the famous Murray also had his eccentrici- Murray came to the tiny settlement of California desert resort to close its ties, and there were times when the Palm Valley colony, started two doors and shutter its windows after his neighbors regarded him as years earlier by J. G. McCallum and another busy and prosperous season. harsh and ruthless. But what- associates within a stone's throw of the Inside those walls, where I stood ever may have been his other ancient Indian rancheria of Agua Cali- with Miss Cornelia White—one of the qualities, all recognized the ente. town's respected pioneers and a loyal strength of his rugged Scotch A native of Edinburgh, Scotland, friend of Dr. Murray's—all was cool character. Dr. Murray had been living for years and quiet. Encircling ranks of citrus in the region of what is now Banning. and gnarly old fig trees, tall palms, racts of flowering vines, numberless There as early as 1877 he had been great magnolia, jacaranda, cottonwood, native plants and rare exotics. superintendent of the San Gorgonio umbrella, camphor and other noble Here in a dreamy twilight of tangled Fluming company — a corporation trees spread a deep shade over thickets greenery and leaf-shadow the old Palm formed to cut and transport from the of pampas grass and bamboo, little Springs hotel—the village's first hos- forest belt of the mountains to the jungles of blossoming shrubbery, cata- telry—drowsed among memories that north, lumber, fuel and ties for the

JULY, 1949 27 Southern Pacific railroad then com- deeply beloved. It is a quaint substan- the resort's fine hotels, Mrs. Murphy pleted as far east as Cabezon in the tial building constructed sectionally of still holds the memory of those months San Gorgonio pass. three materials. The part which con- in Dr. Murray's quiet retreat. Gra- He was a man of strong character, tains a commodious living room and ciously she told me some of her excellent education, deep religious eight bedrooms is of wood. The large memories: feeling, and cultured literary taste. It dining room, one wall of which is cov- "It was not like a hotel," she said, is said that he was at one time a proof- ered by a mural of Palm Canyon paint- speaking of the Murray establishment. reader for Harper's magazine and that ed by Carl Eytel (Desert Magazine, "I can never think of it that way. It the friends who came to visit him were September, 1948) is built of stone. was a home in every sense of the word, men of learning and distinction. He The kitchen is of pink adobe. Above with-Dr. Murray and his wife at the had a fine library. Lack of evidence the front door hangs the huge-horned head of it. that his title of doctor was a university skull of a mountain sheep. A magnifi- cent Guadalupe cypress, one of two "They were very different, these two. degree would indicate that it came But together they made a good team. from the custom common in small com- planted by Dr. Murray, stands near this entrance fronting toward Indian Mrs. Murray was Welsh — a short munities of putting honorary tags on heavy woman with a rather combust- prominent citizens. Tall, gaunt, beard- avenue behind a gate whose posts are giant palm logs. ible temper which her husband took ed, with dignity of bearing and a deep philosophically. He simply vanished Scottish burr in his speech, Dr. Mur- till its explosions were over. ray was as typically the laird outwardly Writing in 1896 in a trade volume as events proved him to be inwardly. entitled "Hotel Men's Mutual Benefit "We were never a large group while Association," George Wharton James, I was there. I can't recall that there Arriving on the desert, he built a author and lecturer who was then do- were ever more than six of us at the little rest-house of railroad ties near ing much publicity work for the rail- dining table. Dr. Murray sat at the the narrow-gauge line constructed by road, said: "Five miles from Palm head, always rising to say grace before a San Francisco company to link with Springs station there is an excellent the meal. In the evenings Mrs. Murray the Southern Pacific a new townsite hotel in the Valley, kept by Dr. Wel- often played old hymns on the little called Palmdale—a rival of the Palm wood Murray, a member of the South- organ in the living room, and we all Valley colony project—situated where ern California Hotel association, who, sang. the Smoketree ranch now stands. with his genial wife, delightfully enter- tains all those who are fortunate enough "Finding me among his books one The Palmdale venture proved short- to discover this hidden Paradise." day, Dr. Murray asked, 'What are ye lived and when it ended Dr. Murray reading, lassie?' I held up Beside the dragged his cabin with chains and Many did discover it. Among them Bonnie Briar Bush which contains so mules to the site where it later became were such celebrities as John Muir much Scotch dialect. He shook his part of his hotel establishment. Eventu- and Robert Louis Stevenson, not to head. 'Ye cannot read that one right,' ally it was moved to its present location mention James himself, of whom Miss he said. And sitting down he opened across the street where it is incorpor- White told me an amusing incident. On the book at the first page and began ated in the picturesque residence of one occasion when James visited Palm to read it aloud exactly as it should be Cornelia White. Springs after Dr. Murray's death, he read. This he continued to do, as he It must have been about the time he asked if he might see the old Scot's found time, until the book was fin- started his hotel that Dr. Murray be- fine library. He was told that most of ished. gan planting the trees whose very roots the books had been sent east. Others "Mrs. Murray, too, was fond of are intertwined with Palm Springs his- had been placed in the small local li- books. But her taste differed from his. tory. He was as ardent a horticulturist brary, so that only a few odds and ends The book she read aloud—and very as he was a book lover, and he kept in remained. Looking over these leavings, enjoyably, too, was a more modern constant touch with the Bureau of James must have been somewhat cha- and popular classic—Mrs. Wiggs of Plant Industry in Washington, D. C, grined to come upon a number of his the Cabbage Patch. own writings. always eager to procure and try out in "Toward the Indians Dr. Murray's the desert some new tree, vine, shrub attitude was that of a kind and just but or flower. The ride from the railroad station seven miles from the village was a strict father. At Christmas he gave His plantings produced oranges, thrilling exploit. It was accomplished them a big dinner, setting in the gar- grapefruit, lemons and figs in market- by means of a buckboard and team of den a long string of tables from the able quantities. He was proud of his mules driven by an Indian at reckless head of which he said grace and pre- output and solicitous that it meet the speed which took no account of the sided over the feast. Each Indian be- highest standard. The packing for ship- condition of the road. A sandstorm fore he left received a gift. ment he did himself after the fruit had rendered the experience particularly "They responded by giving him love, been picked by Indians, who also did memorable. The mules, with bags over respect and faithful service. He used the heavier work in grove and garden. their heads to protect them from the no other help on the place. They were The native palms Dr. Murray plant- driving sandblast, plunged wildly ahead so honest and dependable he needed ed, Washingtonia filifera, were brought under the crack of the driver's whip. no other." as young offshoots from the wild Passengers clung frantically to the seat of the careening vehicle helpless to do Dr. Murray was no longer a young groups growing in neighboring can- man nor was he in rugged health. Thin yons. In addition to those on his own more than shut their wind-bitten eyes and pray. and sallow he appeared hardly equal premises, he planted them around the to the tasks he undertook. Either a thermal springs on the Agua Caliente Like many of the people who came skull cap or tam-o-shanter always pro- rancheria—part of the local Indian to Palm Springs in those early days, tected his head and in cold weather he reservation. most of Dr. Murray's guests were seek- habitually wrapped his neck and throat As we see it today, closed and silent ing health. One visitor was a young with a long knitted wool scarf. In later in its cloister of great trees and rank girl, now Mrs. T. J. Murphy, who in years the addition of a frock coat, herbage, the old hotel exudes an at- 1901 spent the winter in Dr. Murray's once black but grown rusty with age, mosphere tinged with the gentle mel- household. Though she and her hus- gave him with his long graying beard, ancholy of places once, but no longer, band now reside in season at one of a patriarchal aspect well suited to the

28 THE DESERT MAGAZINE Old Murray Hotel in Palm Springs. role assigned him by J. Smeaton Chase prietary supervision over the village. really under his dominion and a chattel in Our Araby — Palm Springs, a Human nature being what it is, it was which belonged to him." charming little book now long out of equally natural that this assumption of Even the Indians at times resented print. authority should sometimes provoke his rule. One instance of their rebellion After speaking of the trees which resentment and result in such dissen- concerned the thermal springs used by "flourish in tribute to the memory of sions as the feud with Mr. McCallum their people from time immemorial for that wise old Scotsman and pioneer, in which each in turn, being determined cleansing and healing. The springs lay Doctor Welwood Murray, who had the to route the scanty traffic of the period just across the road—now Indian ave- courage to plant and the patience to past his own door, fenced off and nue—from Dr. Murray's hotel, and he rear them in the teeth of horticultural marked "Private Road" the public had taken the privilege not only of disabilities," Mr. Chase refers to him thoroughfare leading past the other's as the "old Scottish doctor . . . who piping the hot water for use in his property. Another pioneer, Mrs. Nellie kitchen and wash-house, but of offer- may fairly be termed the patriarch, Coffman, tactfully settled the issue by well nigh the founder, of our village." ing his patrons the freedom of the posting on the fence a clever bit of bathing pool as part of the accommo- Such recognition is well deserved. rhyme which made the tug-of-war too dations provided by his establishment. In addition to giving Palm Springs its ridiculous to continue. first hotel, Dr. Murray is credited with This joint tenure became objectionable having been instrumental in providing That Dr. Murray's arbitrary control to the natives and they carried their the village with its first school and its sometimes embarrassed his friends is grievance to the agent in Banning. first place of public worship—a little indicated in a letter I received many His remedy was to stretch a wire cable Protestant community church at whose years ago from Carl Eytel. After con- across the pool into which the springs services he often preached. Interde- fiding to me some of the details of the bubbled. He gave the Indians the use nominational in the beginning, the heart-breaking disappointment for of one side, Dr. Murray the other. church later was adopted by the which he held Dr. Murray partially re- This half-measure, however, was not Presbyterians. sponsible, Carl wrote: "He took a to the Indians' liking and they inter- In view of the part he played in its great liking to me and being a Scotch fered with the white bathers until Dr. history, it was not suprising that the highlander this liking developed into a Murray had to replace the cable with old Scot should have assumed a pro- jealousy so much that he thought I was a substantial partition in the crude

JULY, 1949 9Q building which had been built over world-famous Desert Inn and a leader New York City attorney—deeded to the pool. in every worthy pioneer enterprise. the town from his father's estate, the A more modern bathhouse has taken Perhaps he intuitively suspected her of site on which the handsome Welwood the place of the old structure. The harboring designs on his exclusive pre- Murray Memorial Library now com- young palms Dr. Murray planted have serve. At any rate, on her second visit memorates the man who loved books, become a real grove. The springs have he refused her and her companions ac- just as his name given to beautiful long been under the exclusive control commodations at the hotel. Finally he Murray canyon in the adjacent moun- of the Indians, affording them a hand- relented enough to say they could re- tains commemorates the man who some revenue. But their white brothers main if they would wash the dishes loved palms and other plants. have not ceased to covet this resource during their stay. Surprised, but not nor have they given up the last hope daunted, they agreed. Having failed to "Our Araby" has far outgrown its of possessing it. original promise. Save for the idyll en- rout them with this requirement, he shrined in the memories of a few early Another clash between Dr. Murray provided, perhaps from necessity, but settlers, little remains of the quiet vil- and his dark-skinned neighbors in- more likely from perversity, a menu of lage of long ago except the old hotel volved the life of his precious trees. four items—oatmeal, prunes, toast and and garden. These remain unchanged In 1894 began a period that was to tea. Mrs. Coffman says she cannot un- —a part of the past which still lives become known as the ten-year drouth. derstand to this day how he hit upon and eloquently speaks of Dr. Welwood As the stream from Tahquitz canyon— all her pet aversions. Murray the pioneer, the builder, the the only source of irrigation water— An incident told me by the artist, extraordinary old Scotch highlander dwindled, the watering of Dr. Murray's James Swinnerton, illustrates how who, though he might blindly trample garden grew correspondingly unpopu- stern, almost fanatical, was Dr. Mur- some tendril rooted in the human heart, lar with the residents of the Agua Cali- ray's religious code. Having in a weak would have watered trees with his tears. ente rancheria where fields of corn, moment consented to loan the church squash, and beans were parching. building for a worldly purpose, his tor- One dry year followed another and mented conscience saw heavenly wrath symbolized in an ensuing thun- the situation grew more acute. In his HISTORIC BONANZA RAILROAD desperation Dr. Murray is said to have derstorm of unusual violence. And, vowed that he would keep his trees like some bearded patriarch of biblical WANTS TO HALT OPERATIONS... alive with his own tears. When he di- times, he rushed out to stand amidst "Final rites" were conducted recent- verted to their thirsty roots the last its downpour and tumult, prayerfully ly at Reno, Nevada, for the tired old trickle in the irrigation flume, the invoking the retribution of divine jus- Virginia and Truckee railroad. The wrathful Indians dispatched a mounted tice. 50-mile line, part and parcel of Ne- delegation to Banning where they laid Such glimpses only strengthen the vada's mining boom days, is in its 80th their wrongs before the agent. His ver- conclusion that Welwood Murray no year of operation. dict was that the water belonged to the more conformed to the influences of The railroad has petitioned the In- Agua Caliente people. his time and environment than Scotch terstate Commerce commission and But Scotch blood was up. As well heather becomes sagebrush by being the Nevada Public Service commission abandon kith and kin to vandal hordes transplanted to the desert. He re- for permission to store its two re- as surrender his beloved trees to the mained as typically the laird ruling the maining rickety locomotives and tear deadly ravages of drouth. A flash flood affairs of his baronial estate in Coa- up its tracks. Most of the line's old intervened to postpone the crisis, but chella Valley, California, as he would historic engines and coaches have al- only for a short time. When the water have in some ancient feudal kingdom ready been sold to Hollywood motion supply again shrank to the danger among the fells of his native Scotland. picture companies. point, the Indians, armed with their Tradition and hearsay label him "a The Virginia and Truckee railroad decree, opposed opening the sluice to character" and so he was, in a more in its heyday hauled more than 600 the white men's land. The latter, other- monumental sense than the term usu- million dollars worth of gold and silver wise armed, opened it under cover of ally implies. He was a high-thinking from the Comstock lode at Virginia darkness. The battle grew into a test of and uncompromising individualist who City. Officials claim the line has been endurance that became too wearisome. felt for the community he helped to losing money steadily for the past sev- The settlers sought and obtained a found, too great a sense of personal eral years. fairer division of water rights. Subse- responsibility. quent developments which afforded the In June, 1914, a local newspaper re- Still, however, the line manages to village a more adequate water supply, ported his severe illness. The same operate a single train daily, making a are another story. As far as Dr. Mur- issue contained the announcement that round trip between Reno and Minden, ray's trees are concerned, they still he had sold the hotel to Dr. White and frequently hauls a few nostalgic pas- proclaim their champion's triumph her sister Miss Cornelia White. The sengers who can tell about the bonanza over man and nature. item included this statement: "Dr. road's glamorous past. There are many incidents which re- White ... is making many improve- Anticipating that the two agencies veal that the dual personality expressed ments and will have an up-to-date will permit the line to cease operations, by all humans to some extent, was de- sanatarium ready for next season's the California and Nevada Historical veloped to an unusual degree in Dr. business." society scheduled a special excursion Murray. He could either be most gra- A later issue told of Dr. Murray's trip to Minden at start of June. Mem- cious and kind or adversely, dour and recovery. But the improvement was bers received black-bordered invita- ruthless. This accounts for the differ- only temporary. He died August 3, tions to attend the affair, prepared in ences of opinion in regard to his pre- 1914, in Beaumont, California. Burial the style of old-time funeral announce- dominant traits. was in Palm Springs cemetery where ments. Advancing age and ill health no his body was laid beside that of his But trains will continue to run over doubt aggravated in later years his ec- wife, Elizabeth, who had passed away the historic line for probably several centricities. From the first he disap- in 1911, and that of a son by his first months yet, until the federal and state proved the arrival of Mrs. Nellie Coff- marriage—Welwood Erskine Murray. agencies have ruled on the railroad's man who became the founder of the Another son, George—a prominent petition to cease operations. 30 THE DESERT MAGAZINE When King Snake Meets Rattler . . . Where Loneliness Dwells . . . Alpine, California Phelan, California Desert: Desert: For many years I have heard that I too am a "Desert Rat" of many the king snake is the arch enemy of years and believe the reason we Rats the rattlesnake. But I never met any- do not write of the desert's beauty is Protection for the Wildflowers . . . one who had seen the two snakes in that we have come to realize that there Randsburg, California actual combat. are no words to really describe it. Desert: But now I have seen it myself! How many artists have thrown down I have read with great interest your About two p.m. on May 6, 1949, I their brushes in disgust, finding they comments about people picking the was working in the yard when my could not catch the ever-changing wildflowers on the desert. Heartily do neighbor called to me. She said a big beauty of the desert, that too much I endorse your statements. "We folks snake was in her yard. What I found had to be left to the imagination? who live on the desert wish the visitors was a king snake about three feet long. Will some one tell me why the word would leave the blossoms where Nature It did not appear to be just passing "loneliness" is used so often in con- planted them." through, but was looking for some- nection with the desert? To me lone- At the present moment as I look thing. liness is within one's self. How much across the valley behind Red Mountain It crawled over to a small geranium more lonely one can be in a thickly I can see a large section of the moun- bush, and out crawled a rattlesnake populated city than on God's desert. tain yellow with blooms, but tomor- about two feet long. ETHEL CAUGHLIN row this beautiful field of wild flowers The king snake waited until the rat- • • • will be a dusty patch of barren ground, tler was out in the open and then took Dizzy Mining Reporter . . . because I see coming up the hill sev- after it. The king snake seized the rat- Miami, Oklahoma eral thousand sheep. These flocks of tler about three or four inches above Desert: sheep have stripped the ground around the button, and in the same motion A short time ago some friends drove here each year until there is scarcely lifted the rattler off the ground and me through Salome, Arizona on our anything left of the beauty that once wound a couple of coils around its way to Swansea. Although the tem- was the pride of the district. body. The rattler tried repeatedly to perature was sufficiently high, I failed If it is against the law for a party bite its attacker. to see any pools of gallium in the of city dwellers, hungry for a bit of By this time the king snake had arroyos thereabouts. I presume your outdoor life to pick a handfull of desert changed its hold with its mouth to the contributor under "Mines and Mining", flowers, how come these sheep owners middle of the rattler. Before long the May issue, meant to quote the price of can ship in thousands of sheep each rattler was bleeding, and making less gallium in grams rather than gallons. year, just at the time the wild flowers effort to fight back. I am glad I am not an editor. are at their peak, and strip the entire The king snake then changed its D. C. MacKALLER region, leaving only dusty hillsides hold to just back of the rattler's head where they have passed over? Can't and began to swallow it. Right you are. Our mining re- something be done about it? The last we saw of the rattler was a porter's alibi is that he became WALTER H. MILLER few jerks of its tail as it disappeared dizzy trying to follow the intricate down the king snake's throat. process by which gallium is ob- In Riverside county the super- The combat lasted about five min- tained from zinc-blende, and got visors have passed an ordinance utes and when it was over the king his galliums and gallons all mixed establishing certain areas as Wild snake crawled leisurely away. up.—R. H. Flower Reserves where the de- • • • struction or removal of wildflow- J. L. NEELY ers by sheep or otherwise is un- • • • Creed of the Sportsman . . . San Diego, California lawful. San Bernardino county How to Behave on the Desert . . . and other desert areas are entitled Desert: to similar protection, and I am Los Angeles, California The editorial in your May issue cer- confident the boards of supervis- Desert: tainly expressed what my wife and I ors would pass such ordinances if I read with interest the trip which have thought many times since our first the pressure of public opinion Harold and Lucile Weight made into camping trip on the desert. I wish your within those areas is strong the Kofa country of Arizona, and espe- fine essay could be printed in every enough.—R. H. cially Lucile's comment on "How to publication in the country. behave in the presence of a Cholla William von Phelps once wrote: cactus." "This is the final test of a gentleman: Right Name, Wrong Cactus . . . Just yesterday I was on a hike with his respect for those who can be of no Tucson, Arizona the Sierra club in Red Rock canyon possible service to him." Desert: near Mojave. I spied a huge tortoise I believe that test applies to sports- Unless my acquaintance with the sunning himself under a Joshua tree. men as well as gentlemen, for certainly cactus family is rapidly evaporating, I was so eager to make acquaintance he is no sportsman who would need- you gave the title "Bisnaga" to a pic- with this little fellow of the desert that lessly damage Nature's or some other ture which should have been labeled I plunged head-on into a low over- person's handiwork. I am sure it was Mammillaria or "Fishhook" cactus on hanging limb of the Joshua. no true sportsman who used the Hart the poetry page of your April issue. I have 98 holes in my head at the headstone at the old Vallecito stage HENRY F. DOBYNS moment. I thought someone had station as a target. (See photo en- Thanks for correcting Desert's scalped me. Why, oh why, Lucile, closed.) Nor can I believe it was botany editor. The picture is a didn't you include Joshua trees in your sportsman rockhounds who caused the Mammillaria, one of the smallest lesson on behavior. destruction at the ghost town of Tumco, members of the cactus tribe, Moral: Don't get so chummy with California. (Desert Magazine, Febru- whereas Bisnaga or barrel cactus your fauna that you ignore your flora. ary '49.) is a sizable fellow.—R. H. ALMA A. CHESSMAN Since my wife and I have become

JULY, 1949 31 acquainted with the desert we have women whose published work in maga- learned to love its beauty, its history zines, newspapers and books is their and its people. We wish there was some DESERT main source of income. The other half way to protect the desert landscape comes from spare-time writers who de- from those who have not yet learned CLOSE-DPS vote their working days to a wide range the lesson of good sportsmanship. of professional and business activities. RICHARD H. TOWNES For instance, in this issue of Desert He spent the last 18 years of his life Magazine appears the work of the fol- in a little 8x12 room in downtown lowing writers with professional stand- Parasite Called Dodder . . . San Francisco—and yet many critics ing: Dama Langley, Harold O. Weight, Pittman, Nevada regard him as the greatest portrait ar- Lelande Quick, Louise Price Bell and Desert: tist the West has ever known. On Randall Henderson. I wonder if you could tell me some- March 21 he died at the age of 91, Mrs. Bell, whose story about Elaine thing about this yellow fungus that following a cable car accident. and Larry Wilde of the Saguaro appears on so many of the desert This man was Elbridge A. Burbank, Cactus National Monument is pub- shrubs in California and Nevada. who spent 20 years of his life painting lished this month, is a resident of Doesn't the state have funds to control Tucson, Arizona. She is a contributor pests of this kind? I wish I had time the portraits of the best known among to go out and destroy all the fungus the Indian chieftains. His work was to many national publications includ- that seems to be spreading over the not confined to Indians alone, how- ing House Beautiful, Mademoiselle, countryside. This year I have even ever, for his crayon sketch of Abraham Good Housekeeping, Better Homes, seen it on a lot of plants along the Lincoln, on the wall of Smithsonian Travel, American Home, Today's Institution, has been rated the best in Woman, Charm and Glamour. road to Mt. Charleston. Can you sug- the institution's collection of 100. gest something? Other contributors to the July Desert GRACE HONEY Burbank was born at Harvard, Illi- who write either as a hobby or in spare / presume you refer to yellow dod- nois in 1858. He was a student at the time include Tanya South, who keeps der, a member of the morning Chicago Academy of Design and stud- house for her three children in San glory family. It is a parasite with ied under Paul Navin and Frederick Diego and holds a civil service rating for stems not much bigger than coarse Fehr at Munich. During his years as a clerical work, and Nina Paul Shumway, thread which attaches to and be- painter of Indian portraits he visited who devotes her time to a wide range comes entwined in many of the 128 tribes and many of his originals of cultural activities. David E. Miller desert shrubs, forming a rather now hang in Newberry library in Chi- cago, and in the Smithsonian galleries. is a teacher of history at the University conspicuous tangle in the tops of of Utah. Mary Beal does research the plants. Alfalfa and clover On March 9 Burbank was struck by work in botany on the Mojave desert. farmers in the west and midwest a cable car on Powell street and taken have been fighting this pest for to Laguna Honda home where he re- For industry, Edmund C. Jaeger many years. My observation coin- mained until his death. For many years probably holds top place among all of cides with yours—that dodder is he had lived in modest circumstances. Desert's contributors. He is a regular spreading in many parts of the He would accept no charity, and eked teacher in the junior college at River- desert. If it threatens irrigated out a meager existence by the occa- side, California, spends his weekends farm crops you may be sure money sional sale of a picture. The only pic- doing research work in scientific sub- will be available for its eradication. ture on his wall was a copy of his Lin- jects on the desert, and between times Confined to the desert, Nature has coln portrait. On an easel in the room writes books and magazine articles. her own devices for keeping her was the half finished portrait of an His Denizens of the Desert, now out of world in balance. In the meantime Indian girl. print, and Desert Wildflowers, are there are some who feel that the widely used as handbooks of the Cali- golden skeins of dodder are no San Francisco gave him belated fornia desert country. Another volume less attractive than many of the recognition with an elaborate funeral, is now in progress. shrubs to which it attaches itself. many San Franciscans not realizing un- —R.H. til then that the unobtrusive old man who had lived at the Manx hotel for 18 years was one of the West's greatest Permanent Gold artists. embossed binders for Definition of a Weed . . . Trona, California Desert: Feature stories in Desert Magazine DESERT Have been reading in your June cover many subjects—field trips, ex- These easy-to-insert binders are issue about your difficulty in telling the ploration, history, Nature subjects, In- made especially for Desert Mag- difference between weeds and flowers. dians, mining, travel, recreation, per- azine readers who want to pre- Many years ago I took a course in sonalities, hobbies, parks, and the gen- serve the maps and other travel botany from an elderly teacher who eral lore of the desert country. information for future use. was quite an authority on cacti. He Visitors at the magazine office often They open flat, and each binder gave us a definition of "weed" which ask how we go about getting this wide has space for 12 magazines. I think might interest you. range of material. The answer: Most of "A weed," he said, "is any plant it comes from free lance writers who Mailed postpaid for out of place. A rose bush in the middle submit their material subject to our $1.50 of a corn field would be a weed. But acceptance or rejection. We accept a cactus would never be out of place about one out of every 20 manuscripts in the desert so I can see no reason for sent in. giving them the label of weeds." About half of the material comes Palm Desert. Calif. RALPH E. MERRILL from professional writers—men and 32 THE DESERT MAGAZINE Study Patayan Indian Ruins . . . MOHAVE COUNTY—In an effort to recover and study Patayan Indian , , , o*t ruins before they are covered by water backed up by Davis dam", two excava- tion parties are going into the area, it ARIZONA ranger on the Apache, Coconino and is announced by Supt. George Bagley Sitgreaves National forests, was pro- Earliest Artifacts Discovered . . . of the National Park service. Started by moted to assistant supervisor, then su- Dr. Gordon Baldwin, naturalist for the DRY CREEK—A campsite show- pervisor. Replacing Monighan as Sit- park service, before his recent transfer, ing evidence of the most ancient human greaves supervisor is Kenneth A. the work will be carried on by the San civilization yet found in north central Keeney.—Holbrook Tribune-News. Diego Museum of Man, cooperating Arizona has been excavated on the with representatives of the University first 1949 field expedition of the Mu- of Arizona headed by Barton Wright. seum of Northern Arizona. Dick Shut- Navajos Claim Greater Area . . . Wright has lived in the Willow beach ler Jr. and Bill Adams, graduate stu- area many years. — Mohave County dents from the University of California, FLAGSTAFF—A treaty ratified by Miner. have revealed details of the work, congress in 1850 gives the Navajo which was undertaken for the museum tribe claim to an area much greater under a grant from the Viking fund than that now included in the reserva- HOTEL MAYAN of New York. The ancient campsite tion, according to Sam Ahkeah, presi- On U. S. Highways 80, 99 and 111 International Four States Highway 93 located on Dry creek in the Sedona dent of the Navajo tribal council. The Air Conditioned by Refrigeration Booms With or Without Bath area of Verde valley was discovered old treaty, long forgotten, was uncov- FREE AUTO PARK by Dr. Harold S. Colton, museum di- ered by attorneys working for the tribal Mrs. Jimmie Beronio. Proprietor rector. Several weeks spent at the site council. It outlines the Navajo lands — Telephone 965 — yielded quantities of very crude stone as being bounded by the four sacred Sixth and State El Centro, California implements. Although they have yet to mountains: Mt. Baldy, in Apache coun- be studied, "they certainly represent a ty; Mt. Taylor, southwest of Grants, period of prehistoric human culture New Mexico; the San Francisco peaks GEOLOGIC COLOR SLIDES prior to 500 A. D.", in the opinion of For study in class or homt — Geologic at Flagstaff; La Plata mountains in interpretations of National scenic woa- the museum director. The implements southwestern Colorado near Durango. d*rs in beautiful Natural Colorl Send $1 TODAY for Trial offer — 3 MOUNTED are crudely-flaked nodules of stone, "None of the older living Navajos 2" x 2" SLIDES postpaid. FREE 24-pag* are mostly scrapers and choppers, knew about this 1850 treaty," Ahkeah catalog. Dept. E-S. , show no evidence of fine pressure flak- said.—Coconino Sun. Heald-Robinson ing which characterized the work of more recent Indians. Many crude grinding stones are associated with the flaked tools, as well as some hammer stones. Shutler says the tools found at Dry creek bear a marked resemblance to those of the Chiracahua stage of the Cochise culture found near Willcox in southeastern part of Arizona. Geologi- cal evidence, missing at the Dry creek site, has indicated that the Chiracahua stage dates back before 3,000 B.C. Crudely flaked scrapers and choppers accompanied by grinding stones have been found in the desert areas of Cali- fornia, and are of great antiquity. It is hoped that some means will be found to date the culture found at Dry creek, now it can only be said to be pre-500 A.D. No excavations had before been undertaken in the Verde valley.— Coconino Sun.

Forest Supervisor Transferred . . . HOLBROOK —Francis J. Moni- avituie tnthe. ghan, for the past eight years super- IN 1949 visor of Sitgreaves National forest in .. .take the thrilling trip on mule back down Rainbow Trail 'mid Arizona, has been transferred to Albu- colorful scenes so vivid no artist could portray ... to the most querque, New Mexico, as supervisor spectacular of all national monuments ... RAINBOW BRIDGE. of the Cibola National forest, accord- Rest at picturesque RAINBOW LODGE, backed by the breath- ing to Regional Forester P. V. Wood- taking span of Navajo Mountain ... where comfortable lodging, excellent food and hospitality are, as before, directed by Bill and head. Monighan will replace Ellis Mrs. Wilson. Wiltbank, who died recently. Monighan entered the forest service as a ranger Open April 1 to November IS on what is now the Kaibab National WRITE BILL WILSON, TONALEA, ARIZONA, FOR RATES forest in Arizona, later served as a AND A BROCHURE DESCRIBING "THE RAINBOW"

JULY, 1949 33 Scholarship Offered Indian . . . SEDONA—A $500 scholarship to THE D6S6RT TRADING POST help make it possible for an American Classified Advertising in This Section Costs 8c a word, $1.00 Minimum Per Issue Indian student to attend the Val Verde preparatory school here has been of- fered by Dr. Clyde Kluckhohn, inter- URANIUM PROSPECTOR'S Handbook, $1.00: nationally-known anthropologist and INDIAN GOODS non-technical, complete, Dept. T., Craft- Connor Publishing Co., 601 S. Vermont, Los professor and research director at Har- AUTHENTIC INDIAN Music Recordings, Plains Angeles 5, California. and Southwestern tribes. Fine for collectors vard university. The school will receive and anthropologists. Made in the field with natural surroundings. Send three cent stamp BOOKFINDERS—Scarce, out of print, unusual applications from qualified Indian stu- for complete list. Russell C. Mosby, 510 W. books quickly supplied. Send wants. Clifton, Oklahoma Ave., Anadarko, Oklahoma. Box 1377d, Beverly Hills, California. dents. The Val Verde school is dedi- PALM SPRINGS in midsummer. Articles, pic- cated to promoting inter-cultural and FOR SALE—Collection of old Indian things, tures, in the smart "Midsummer Villager," international understanding. Field trips some with real scalp locks. Also five hundred 45c pp. Villager Magazine, Palm Springs, Calif. Kachina dollars, one or all. One dollar up. to Indian reservations and to various Daniels Indian Trading Post, 401 West Foot- OUTDOOR RAMBLER—An outdoor publication hill Blvd., Fontana, California. that's different. Two years, $1.00; 60c year; communities in the Southwest and 15c copy. Outdoor Rambler, Carson City, Mexico are an important phase of the FOUR VERY FINE ancient Indian Arrowheads, Nevada. $1.00; 4 tiny perfect bird arrowheads, $1.00: 1 ancient stone tomahawk, $1.00; 2 flint skin- training. The school opened last fall ning knives, $1.00; 1 large flint hoe, $1.00; 2 FOR SALE: Desert Magazine, Volumes I through with a pioneer group of 20 boys and spearheads, $1.00; 10 arrowheads from 10 IX complete—first four volumes in binders. states, $1.00; 20 damaged arrowheads, $1.00; Postpaid $35.00. Sam Kipp, 953 Regent St., girls from 10 states and Canada.— 10 fish sealers, $1.00; 10 hide scrapers, $1.00; Boulder, Colorado. 4 perfect saw edged arrowheads, $1.00. The Gallup Independent. above 11 offers $10, postpaid. List free. "GOLD PANNING FOR PROFIT." Healthy out- Lears, Kirby, Arkansas. door hobby. Beginners' big illustrated instruc- tion book—$1.00. Miners' gold pans, $2.00. Prospectors' powerful magnifying glass, $1.00. RARE OLD Navajo blankets, Buffalo Hide Package black sand and real gold, $1.00. KARAKULS—Producers of Persian Lamb fur tanned. Aubrey V. Smith, 4711 N. 16th St., Desert Jim, 627 Lillian, Stockton, California. are easy to raise, adaptable to any climate Phoenix, Arizona. or altitude. For further information write PALM SPRINGS Annual Pictorial. Beautiful Addis Kelley, 4637 E. 52nd Place. Maywood, desert pictures. On desert newsstands 35c, California. BOOKS—MAGAZINES by mail 45c. Villager Magazine, Palm Springs, California. RAFFIACRAFT—An easy, profitable pastime. BOOK OF CACTI for the amateur collector. Supplies, instructions and sample, $2.00. Describes and classifies over 500 varieties, Malik, Carson City, Nevada. over 200 photographs. Subjects on care, their culture, how to plant in rock gardens and MISCELLANEOUS 20 OLD WESTERN outlaw photos, $1.00. 20 dif- pots. Sent postpaid $1.00. Discount to dealers. ferent Old West, Pioneer, etc. photos, $1.00. Published by M. Nowotny, 1401 Broadway, SILVERY DESERT HOLLY PLANTS. One dollar 10 different battle of Wounded Knee 50c. San Antonio, Texas. each postpaid. Greasewood Greenhouses, RFD, 5 different Lincoln 50c. Lists 5c. Vernon Lem- Barstow, California. ley Store, 302 Dallas Ave., Mena, Arkansas. PANNING GOLD—Another hobby for Rock- hounds and Desert Roamers. Know how to POCKET MAGNET with clip. Guaranteed. pan gold, where to look for it and be able to Prospectors, Engineers send dollar bill to recognize valuable quartz ledges. The places King's, Gallatin Gateway, Montana. REAL ESTATE you go are where rich virgin ground is found. Two instruction booklets 25c or send your LADY GODIVA "The World's Finest Beautifier." PART OF OUR LOVELY ISLAND SUMMER name for free literature and catalogue of For women who wish to become beautiful, for home for part of your winter home. 300-foot mining books and supplies for beginners. women who wish to remain beautiful. An beach. 3 acres. No improvements. Isolated, Old Prospector, Box 21-D253, Dutch Flat, outstanding desert cream. For information virgin, beautiful! Fishing, boating. Logs for California. write or call Lola Barnes, 963 No. Oakland, cabins. June Burn, Waldron Island, Wash. Pasadena 6, Calif, or phone SYcamore 4-2378. EARTHWORM BREEDING—Valuable bulletins on successful methods mailed free. Earth- FOR SALE: Comfortably furnished mountain master Publications, Dept. 11, Sun Valley, PURPLE BOTTLES, Indian relics. A very rare cabin south central Nevada. Good road, California. and beautiful collection of desert colored pur- kitchen, dining-living room, bedroom, two ple bottles, lamps, dishes, etc. Also beautiful screened porches, spring house, good water, collection of arrows, axes, pottery, etc. Carl two car shelter. 7200 feet elevation. Dry cli- . Hannaman, Tenobo, via Beowawe, Nevada. mate, restful, scenic, privacy. A. Keller, Box 168, Desert Hot Springs, California. DESERT PURCHASING SERVICE gets desert items for you at discount, any size assign- SALT WATER FRONT FARM ON WALDRON ment. Also accurate investment report. Agents ISLAND, SAN JUAN COUNTY, PUGET Pinon Incense... everywhere. ROUNDUP, Box 867, Apple SOUND, WASHINGTON. Ideal for resort, bulb, Valley, California. or berry farm or secluded living. 2500 feet sandy beach. 60 bearing fruit trees, good well. Bring the delightful fragrance KODACHROMES ON APPROVAL. Don't be dis- Old farm buildings surrounded with huge of the Pinon Forest into your appointed, see what you are getting. Wild life, Lombardy poplars. No gophers, moles, rabbits, scenes, sunsets, archaeological and geological or deer on this island. Daily mail boat service home or office. The burner is a subjects. Mesa Verde, Colorado Springs, Sierra from the mainland. Plane service twice daily Nevada, Glacier, Grand Canyon, Yellowstone, from Bellingham, best of salmon fishing, clams miniature model of the outdoor Tetons, Bryce, Banff, Alaska, Arizona and in front yard, 9 acres cleared about 200,000 baking ovens used by prehis- New Mexico. Just name area desired and we board feet standing timber, logs for cabins will send selection. Douglas Whiteside, galore, room for an airstrip if you want one. toric Indians, and still in use in Yosemite, California. This properly goes clear across Sandy Point facing south on Cowlitz bay and north on New Mexico pueblos. When North bay. Access in any weather. Beautiful COLOR SLIDES—Travel, Nature, Geology, etc. view of Olympics south, Canada north. 45 the little cones of genuine pinon Free list (with sample 30c, three for dollar). acres $7500—$3.50 per foot. Discounts freely pine are burned in this tiny Kelly D. Choda, Box 5, Los Alamos, New given for cash. Will give good terms, sell all Mexico. or part. Fact is, we're broke. Make offer. oven the aroma is a breath of JOHN HUNT TAYLOR, WALDRON, WASH. the outdoor Southwest. METEORITES WANTED, iron or stone, highest prices. Stuart Perry, Adrian, Michigan. FOR SALE — ARTIST'S HOME. 96 acres on Kills kitchen and bathroom Grand Canyon-El Paso highway. Furnished CACTI AND SUCCULENTS—From the deserts 4-room modern house, beautiful fireplace, odors and removes the smell of of the world. Don-Rita brand. By appointment 3-room stone guest house, hot and cold water, stale tobacco. Pueblo Indians only. Write us your needs and we will try to fireplace. Good water, grand view, orchard. help you. Michael Donnelly Cacti Gardens, 334 Excellent climate. $12,000. John Hampton, burn pinon for nasal and bron- Lowell St., Daly City, California. Greenwood Canyon Ranch, Silver City, New chial ailments. Mexico. LEARN the profitable jewelry and goldsmithing trade at home. Simplified course teaches LIVE ON A BEAUTIFUL San Juan island. 50 Burner and 15 cones....$1.50 jewelry designing, manufacture and repairing; acres, 1600 feet sandy, secluded beach. You gemsetting, etc. Gemcrafters, Dept. F., Kalis- can move right in. House furnished. Price Burner and 54 cones.... 2.70 pell, Montana. $11,500, easy terms. Ray Tiberghien, Waldron Extra cones. 36 for 1.25 Island, San Juan County, Washington. FRED AND JESSIE PORTER welcome you to Postpaid to You the "Pow-Wow" Trading Post, Yermo, 14 DESERT LOTS: $99.00. Magnificent view. Only miles east of Barstow, Highway 91. Rocks! six left at this price, ten at $129.00 and twelve Rocks! Rocks! Rocks in the rough, slabbed, at $179.00. All 50x135, water, electricity. Sold preforms and cabochons. Fluorescent and rare in pairs only. 1V4 blocks off main Hiway. DESERT CRAFTS SHOP specimens. Caledonite, Linerite, Benitoite, Clear Title. $25.00 down, $10.00 monthly per Neptunite and many others. See your own lot. Address: Evelyn Subdivision, Superstition Palm Desert, California cut. Gifts and Souvenirs. Village, Mesa, Arizona.

34 THE DESERT MAGAZINE More 'Mountain Goats' Reported ... Fire Dance to be Performed . . . Navy Plans Threaten Highway . . . AJO—Tourists traveling in Arizona FLAGSTAFF — Navajo medicine NILAND—Possibility that the U.S. have had the thrill of seeing "wild men have consented to performance of navy will close part of the Niland- mountain goats" right on the outskirts the tribal fire dance at the Southwest Blythe road, a link of the International of Ajo on a few occasions. They are All-Indian Pow-Wow in Flagstaff July Four-States highway from Canada to goats, and they are wild, and they live 2, 3 and 4. The fire dance, part of a Mexico, has raised new difficulties in in the mountains—but it's another case nine-day ceremonial, is considered the the plan to complete the Four-States of domestic animals reverting to the most spectacular and thrilling ritualis- highway. Approximately 23 miles of primitive. A little more than two years tic dance performed by the Navajo. the Niland-Blythe sector goes through ago a pair of goats belonging to Pat At the Pow-Wow Apache Indians will the Chocolate mountain aerial gunnery Alley of Ajo chose to leave the secur- perform their famous devil dance all range, now in use by the navy. The ity of civilization. Since then they have three nights of the celebration. This navy has asked Imperial county super- been running wild in the hills. When year's ceremonial will include ritualistic visors to close the road, part of the last seen on Camelback mountain the dances by these tribes: Zuni, Jemez, 40-mile link that civic groups are seek- two goats had become a small herd. Suan Juan, Hopi, Laguna, San Ildef- ing to have surfaced to complete the There are now six "mountain goats," fonso, Kiowa, Taos, Santa Ana, Ara- Canada-to-Mexico highway.—Imperial two nannies, one billy and three kids. paho, Cheyenne.—Verde Independent. Valley Weekly. —Ajo Copper News. • • • UTAH PICTURE STONE CALIFORNIA Controversy Stalls Exploitation . . . WASHINGTON —If the Navajos Salton Sea Park Considered . . . and Hopis can reach an agreement over SALTON SEA —Cost surveys for ' oil rights, exploitation of oil on the development of a state park at Salton Hopi reservation in Arizona may pro- Sea, below-sea-level area in heart of ceed as result of recent congressional the Colorado desert, will be made by inquiries into the dispute. The dormant the staff of the California division of case of Hopi oil was reopened by Con- beaches and parks and will be studied gressman Leslie A. D'Ewart, Montana, by the state park commission at its next with a geologist's report that the Hopi session. This forward step in the move reservation "contains the largest oil to create a park along shores of the deposit in the country." More con- inland sea was taken by members of servative, the Indian bureau said sev- the commission following a report on The Most Beautiful Stone on Earth eral companies making explorations the project by George A. Scott, San — for — report considerable quantities of oil Diego, southern member of the com- Fireplace Veneer and Hearths and are prepared to spend large sums mission. Scott declared there is "a Conceded so by all who have seen a of money to obtain land leases. Legal great need" for such a park in the Fireplace job done with this Stone. tangles, lack of clarity in the congres- desert area. His recommendation came Send dimensions for estimate. after he visited the region recently. $7.20 sq. ft. Veneer or Hearths. Some Super sional treaty of 1882, and Hopi-Navajo Choice $14.40 sq. ft. Grade included in each disagreements have held up further ex- Nestling beside waters of the Salton Fireplace order $100.00 or over, for center- sea and shadowed on one side by the pieces, etc. F.O.B. St. George, Utah. ploitation because leases could not be Send for Price List and Descriptive Folder negotiated.—Gallup Independent. jagged peaks of the Chocolate moun- tains, this unique park has long been a UTAH SCENIC STONE CORP. • • • dream of the area's community leaders. 22 E. 1st. N. St. St. George. Utah Women Make Hassayampa Ride... —The Desert Sun. WICKENBURG —Not to be out- done by the menfolks, women of this area in May took a Hassayampa river HERE'S MORE HOUSE horsebaqk trip of their own. Las Damas riding group inaugurated their first an- . . . FOR YOUR MONEY nual trek, starting from Wishing Well on west side of the Hassayampa river. The ride was a three-day affair, the ladies returned each night to head- quarters at Ira Walker's ranch.—The Sun.

DESERT HOfflESITES Fine water, excellent drainage, surfaced HOMES of DISTINCTION streets, electricity, natural gas, telephones, Built With Call for Estimates — Plans Available new school under construction—an ideal Investigate now. Year 'round comfort, low location where you can enjoy all today's heating costs. Cool in summer. Low cost conveniences in the clean atmosphere of a maintenance. Build with "Precision Built" well-planned desert community. concrete, pumice and red cinder blocks. Desert Lots range from $950. Write for informa- cinder blocks for desert homes. tion. TRANSIT MIXED CONCRETE CO. PALM DESERT CORPORATION 3464 E. Foothill Blvd.. Pasadena 8, California Palm Desert. Caliiornia SYcamore 3-8133 RYan 1-6329 ATlantic 2-5104

JULY, 1949 35 Church in the Desert . . . Desert Contributes to Building . . . Calico Pageant Planned . . . TWENTYNINE PALMS —A new RANDSBURG—Some day you may CALICO — A historical pageant Community chapel has been dedicated build a house of tufa blocks. Quarry- woven around the story of the Calico at Joshua Tree in the Colorado desert. ing operations are starting on a large mountains, the mining boom, old Services are being held regularly with deposit south of Ridgecrest and Inyo- Spanish trail, borax mining and other Dr. David Williams as pastor.—The kern, and plans are to saw the product highlights of the rich historical back- Desert Trail. into bricks or blocks for use as build- ground of the Calico country, is being ing material. Tufa is the result of vol- planned now by residents of the Calico canic eruptions, usually deposited in area. September 23 and 24 are dates eUuef water. It is composed of equal parts chosen for presentation of the Caval- $£95 volcanic ash and pumice with large cade. If successful, the Cavalcade may Tax Paid amounts of silicon, iron, aluminum, become an annual event.—Trona Ar- 9 PostpaiT P d calcium, lesser parts of nine other ele- gonaut. What a buy! Look at these features, then ments. It is unusually light. In its natu- order yours today. • Stack ind water nsistut ral state it needs no preservative or • All chrome cast paint, has an appearance not unlike New Road to Death Valley . . . • Radium dill and kaidi • SWMP sitond-haml marble. Tufa is said to be resistant to DEATH VALLEY—A new paved • Stretch band fits ail wrists Written guarantee with deterioration or breakdown from age entrance into Death Valley approach- every watch—money re- funded if you are net Sorry. or weather. Tufa can be handled much ing the area via Trona, Slate range, satisfied. Send check or MCJJ.'s the same as lumber, can be sawed into Panamint valley and Wildrose canyon money order to: is expected to be completed by August ELCO PRODUCTS COMPANY blocks or strips of a desired size.— Randsburg Times-Herald. 1. It is the Trona-Wildrose federal aid 3805 Broadway Kansas City 2, Mo. secondary highway, which will permit motorists to travel the Trona road from its junction with U.S. 395, mid- way between Johannesburg and Red Mountain, and drive an easy 75 miles 'Pictcvie&... into the National Monument in less than two hours. — Randsburg Times- . . . Monthly Contest Announcement Herald. Each month Desert Magazine awards two cash prizes to photog- Borrego Springs Gets Postoffice . . . BORREGO SPRINGS —The new raphers submitting the best black and white pictures for publication. desert community of Borrego Springs, Any desert subject is acceptable . . . wildlife, Indians, flowers, located in Borrego valley through sunsets, scenics, etc. It is suggested that the judges prefer unsual which Capt. Juan Bautista de Anza's subjects rather than the commonplace ones such as Saguaro and exploratory expedition passed in 1775, Joshua tree. feels that it can now take its place along with its sister desert villages as a full-fledged community. Borrego Entries for this month's contest must be in the Desert Magazine Springs has a postoffice. Postmistress is office. Palm Desert, California, by July 20, and winning prints will Mrs. Gertrude Steffen, the postoffice is appear in the September issue. Pictures which arrive too late for one located in a new building which also month's contest are entered in the next. First prize is $10.00; second houses the Borrego Mercantile com- pany. Developments have been rapid prize, $5.00. For non-winning pictures accepted for publication, $3.00 in the Borrego area in the past two each will be paid. years. It now has an airport, a nine- hole golf course, hotels and other ac- HERE ARE THE RULES commodations.—Palo Verde Times. 1—Prints for monthly contests must be black and white. 5x7 or larger, printed on glossy paper. 2—Each photograph submitted should be fully labeled as to subject, time ANSWERS TO DESERT QUIZ and place. Also technical data: camera, shutter speed, hour of day, etc. 3—PRINTS WILL BE RETURNED WHEN RETURN POSTAGE IS EN- Questions are on Page 16 CLOSED. 1—Nogales, Arizona. 4—All entries must be in the Desert Magazine office by the 20th of the 2—A mortar. contest month. 3—Mined from the ground. A—House Rock valley. 5—Contests are open to both amateur and professional photographers. 5—Tree rings in the roof timbers. Desert Magazine requires first publication rights only of prize winning pictures. 6—Rubber-soled shoes. 6—Time and place of photograph are immaterial, except that it must be 7—Nevada. from the desert Southwest. 8—The U.S. District Office of Land 7—Judges will be selected from Desert's editorial staff, and awards will be Management. made immediately after the close of the contest each month. 9—Beaver. 10—Daylight pass. 11—Rio Grande. Address All Entries to Photo Editor 12—Nolina. 13—Red. 14—Yuma. 15—A lost mine in the Death Valley region. 16—Calcite. 17—Kayenta, Arizona. Palm Desert, California 18—Utah and Colorado. 19—Lead. 20—New Mexico.

36 THE DESERT MAGAZINE Atomic Experiments in Desert . . . SALTON SEA—Expansion of the Atomic Energy Commission's experi- mental base at Salton sea in the Colo- rado desert is expected to be com- pleted by November 1, according to Rear Admiral George P. Kraker. The Hard Rock Shorty testing grounds and proving station plus small modern city are located at of Death Valley the former Sandy Beach naval auxili- ary air station, 40 miles south of Indio. The experimental work at the Salton sea base will involve no radiological hazards to persons in the area, Kraker "Naw, there ain't no poultry- how he could save some money. emphasized.—Indio Date Palm. raisers in Death Valley," Hard "You don't have to give 'em Rock Shorty was explaining to that fancy bran from the feed the chicken feed and fertilizer store," the dude explained. "Just NEW MEXICO salesman who had just arrived at feed 'em sawdust. The chickens Inferno store. won't know the difference." Indian Poverty Decried . . . "Cost too much to feed 'em! Bill thought it over a couple of GALLUP — "This nation, from a "Ol' Pisgah Bill tried it a few days. Didn't sound reasonable, strictly economic view, cannot afford years ago, but the wind finally but he was hard up for money so to permit the present conditions among blew all his chickens away. But he decided to try it. Next trip out our Navajo, Hopi and Papago Indians even before that big windstorm to Barstow he brought in four to continue." This is the opinion of Dr. came along Bill was plumb dis- sacks of sawdust. "I'll feed 'em John R. Nichols, new Commissioner of couraged. half an' half," he said. Indian Affairs, who spoke to people of "Had to haul all the feed in "For awhile the chickens the Indian country in a transcribed from Barstow, an' the cost o' the seemed to get along all right, and broadcast from Gallup. "We cannot feed and gasoline kept 'im broke then one ol' hen started settin'. afford to have in this Southwestern all the time. She hatched out a family all right, area from 60 to 75 thousand persons "But what really got Bill's goat but seven of 'em had wooden with almost no purchasing power, was when a smart dude came legs and the other four wuz many illiterate, others sick and hun- along one day and told Pisgah woodpeckers." gry. Neither can we afford to permit continued soil erosion on the Navajo range, which not only reduces produc- tive capacity of the range and impov- Citizenship for Indians . . . opinion of Mrs. Lucy Adams, director erishes the people, but actually endan- WASHINGTON—That Navajo and of welfare and the Navajo job placement gers the huge federal investment in Hopi Indians be placed under state service. Off-reservation jobs open to Hoover dam." What is being done? laws as a necessary part of their re- the average Navajo are very limited. Dr. Nichols referred to the program habilitation is the proposal of Repre- Many work in extra gangs on the rail- now before congress which if author- sentative Fernandez, New Mexico ized and financed as requested "will go road, in beet, carrot, potato, lettuce Democrat. He told the house Indian and bean fields, in the forests of New a long way toward reducing the prob- affairs subcommittee: "I don't think lem to a proportion that can be man- Mexico and Arizona, as sheep herders we will get very far unless the Indians in Wyoming and Colorado. But the aged." Present efforts to rehabilitate are made subject to laws of the state. the Navajos and Hopis represent "a reservation is still their home, they They would become good citizens," he return when seasonal work is over. new approach to the Indian problem," declared.—Farmington Times Hustler. Dr. Nichols declared. He called for the Mrs. Adams believes it is the business people of this nation to guard against • • • of the placement service to try to select "any thought or deed of racial discrimi- Seasonal Jobs No Solution . . . job opportunities which will "encour- nation."—Gallup Independent. GALLUP—"Seasonal jobs do not age Navajo independence and initiative, solve the problem of over-population and to work with employers and com- on the reservation and have created munities to insure decent working and new problems of disease, broken homes living conditions for the Indians."— Governors Work Together . . . and neglected children." This is the Gallup Independent. GALLUP—Gov. Thomas J. Mabry of New Mexico has enlisted the co- operation of Gov. Dan Garvey of Ari- SLEEP IN YOUR CAR IN LEVEL COMFORT zona in the move to acquire land need- ed for establishment of the proposed CALIFORNIA CAR BED Manuelito National Monument, west Transferable front seat unit provides luxurious AIRFOAM innerspring comfort: of Gallup. The proposed park area ex- FOR DRIVING—as a sturdy seat. tends south of Highway 66 from Manu- FOR SLEEPING—as a double bed. elito to the Arizona state line, covers No Cutting . . . Easily Installed NEW! CUSTOM CRUISING SEAT an area of great archeological interest. Marvelous new twin front seats convert- Ruins in the region give evidence of a ing at a finger-touch to single OR double bed, reclining seats, or chaise longue. culture rivaling that at Chaco canyon. Transferable—a permanent investment in comfort. Described in Newsweek, Popular A strip of land a mile wide is needed Mechanics, Science Illustrated, etc. Easily on Arizona side of the state border to Installed. provide access to the red cliffs at Lup- Factory Installation CALIFORNIA CAR BED CO. Mail Order Shipments ton.—Gallup Independent. 2725 W. 54th St., Los Angeles 43 — Write for Brochure "F" AXminster 3-4700

JULY, 1949 37 Aged Navajo Leader Dies . . . just off U.S. Highway 66. The univer- GALLUP — Casamero, 9 5 -year-old sity metal hunters will operate with Navajo chief and brother of the famed devices related to World War II mine Chief Mariano of Kit Carson's time, detectors. Modern instruments capable has passed on to the happy hunting of detecting remains of celestial ob- ground. Casamero was 10 years old jects 50 or more feet below bottom of when the Navajos were rounded up in Canyon Diablo crater—the depth al- 1864 by Carson and taken on the lowed for digging—will enter the pic- "long walk" to Bosque Redondo near ture in search of the fabulous meteorite Fort Sumner for four years' intern- that has intrigued scientists for years. ment.—Gallup Independent. —Gallup Independent. • • • New Indian Department Asked . . . NEVADA WASHINGTON—Recommendation Million-Acre Ranch Litigation . . . that the Bureau of Indian Affairs be FALLON—Nearly a million acres transferred from the U.S. department of ranch property and range rights, of interior to a new department of social plus personal property and cattle, is security and education, is contained in involved in a district court suit at Fal- the Hoover commission report on In- lon. The property is included in the dian affairs. The transfer is recom- Butler estate, which is made up of 16 mended "pending discontinuance of all ranches extending 125 miles west of specialized Indian activity on the part Tonopah taking in a part of Fish Lake of the federal government." The com- valley.—Fallon Standard. mission also recommended that admin- • • • istrative changes be made to "give Centennial Script Approved . . . Sometimes you can more local autonomy" in administra- BEATTY—The script to be used in tion of Indian affairs. ' dramatizing the Centennial celebration break a good rule! • • • in Death Valley November 19 has been To Search for Meteorite . . . approved and accepted by the execu- It's usually a wise rule not to plan ALBUQUERQUE — Thousands, tive committee of '49ers, Inc. Charles a chicken dinner before the eggs are possibly millions of years ago, a School, head of Furnace Creek Inn, hatched. screaming meteorite reamed a hole al- and Ray Goodwin, superintendent of Death Valley National Monument, But not always! most a mile wide and 600 feet deep near Winslow, Arizona. Early this sum- were present at the meeting.—Gold- If the "chicken dinner" represents your mer a group headed by Dr. Lincoln field News. future, and the "eggs" are financial nest LaPaz, University of New Mexico me- • • • eggs—go ahead and plan! teoriticist, will search with modern Early Pueblo Pottery Found . . . Especially if your nest eggs are U. S. equipment for fragments that came LAS VEGAS—The Pueblo Indians' Bonds—all the War Bonds you have hurtling to earth from some other past is catching up with them—anthro- bought—all the Savings Bonds you are planet in the dim past. The tremendous pologically speaking. Prof. Robert H. buying. For your government guarantees mass of meteoritic material is located Lister, guest anthropologist at High- that these will hatch out in just 10 years. lands university, reports that pottery found by members of his class indi- Millions of Americans have found NEW FOLDER READY them the safest, surest way to save money NOW it's LUCERNE VALLEY, high desert cates caves in Gallinas canyon were community—center of interesting deposits, near occupied by the Pueblos 600 to 800 ... and they've proved that buying Bonds mountains, lakes, fishing, winter sports. Here on the Payroll Savings Plan is the easiest are all-year homesites, egg ranches, alfalfa years ago. The find was about two fields with back drop of majestic peaks. WRITE miles south of Las Vegas. Other sites way to pile up dollars that anyone ever today for new folder with picture-map, free. ADDRESS Chamber of Commerce are still being investigated.—Goldfield thought of. LUCERNE VALLEY, San Bernardino Co., Calif. News. So keep on buying Savings Bonds. Buy them at banks, post offices, or on the Payroll Plan. You'll be building real financial security for yourself, your fam- ily, and your business. ANNOUNCEMENT Best of all, you can count your chick- ens before they're hatched . . . plan ex- Ve&ent /tit actly the kind of future you want, and get it! (In the Desert Magazine Building) SAVE THE EASY WAY... will be open to visitors five and one-half days a week, closing at noon on Saturdays and remaining closed Sundays. 3UY YOUR BOH OS THROUGH Daily hours will be 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. during the week and PAYROLL SAVINGS until 12:00 noon on Saturday. Visitors are always welcome in the art gallery and book and crafts shop—and to inspect Desert Magazine's printing Contributed by this magazine plant if they desire. in co-operation with the Mag- azine Publishers of America as a public service. . DESERT MAGAZINE STAFF

38 THE DESERT MAGAZINE Old-Time Cowhand Dies . . . white water boatmen, has opened his HUMBOLDT COUNTY —One of 11th consecutive river running season, E. MAYO & ASSOCIATES the few remaining old-time cowhands first trip of the summer was down the General Contractors who lived througn the West's bump- San Juan river with three boat loads Mountain and Desert Homes tious formative years has gone to the of passengers. This year's trips down Riverside, California last round-up. Death took George Gay, the San Juan and Colorado rivers to Telephone Riverside 8847 M 72-year-old cow puncher, on May 20. Lee's Ferry, Arizona, will make a total 9870 Union Avenue Rt. 2. Box 525-B He had lived in Humboldt county 68 of more than half a hundred boat ex- years, was a native of Nevada, during peditions down these spectacular rivers his life worked nearly every ranch in of the West. It will also be Nevills sev- Paradise valley. Starting at 15, Gayenth trip through the Grand Canyon, "EVERYTHING FOR THE HIKER" was an active cowhand for 53 years, a world's record. The Grand Canyon was known as a top hand.—Humboldt run is scheduled to start July 12.— SLEEPING BAGS Star. Times-Independent. AIR MATTRESSES • • • • • • SMALL TENTS Wild Horse Licenses . . . Ninetieth anniversary of the found- FALLON — Wild horse hunters in ing of Minersville, Utah, was celebrated and many other items Churchill county must have licenses by that community with a civic ob- backed by a $2000 bond for either servance on May 17. VAN DEGRIFT'S HIKE HUT hunting or killing mustangs. Reasons • • • for passage by the county commission- 717 West Seventh Street Travel to Parks Increases . . . LOS ANGELES 14. CALIFORNIA ers of an ordinance regulating wild CEDAR CITY—Automobiles from horse hunting were that some rancher's as far away as Arabia, Saipan and valuable saddle animal or a miner's Switzerland have been among the in- burro might get shot, and because creasing throngs entering Zion and there is strong suspicion that game YOU WILL BE PLEASED Bryce Canyon National parks this With the service and quality of goods poachers have been killing deer under ^ spring, according to the National Parks you will receive by ordering from the the guise of ridding the range of wikT service. Travel so far this year exceeds Heart of the Navajo Country. horses.—Fallon Standard. that of a year ago, the service reports. Navajo Rugs and Saddle Blankets • • • —Iron County Record. Genuine Handmade Silver Jewelry Set With Turquoise UTAH • • • Petrified Wood and Agate Settings- Scenic Area Named . . . Top Indian Artist . . . Made by Indians MOAB—"Colossal canyon" will be Grand prize winner at the fourth an- Write Me ior Prices and Descriptions nual national exhibition of American the name of the recently explored E. P. WOODS scenic area below the White Rim on Indian painting, held at Philbrook Art the Colorado river 30 miles below center, Tulsa, Oklahoma, was Walter Navajo Blankets - Indian Handicraft Moab, heretofore vaguely known as Richard West, 37-year-old Cheyenne Wholesale Distributor Monument canyon, if Jack Breed, na- Indian. FARMINGTON, NEW MEXICO tionally-known photographer and writer, has his way. Following an ex- pedition into the scenic canyon to take ONLY ONE WORLD FAMOUS pictures and gather data for an article, Breed got together with several Moab Valerie Jean date Shop citizens to decide on a name before any further publicity is given the can- Our story of "QUALITY PRODUCTS ONLY" told and retold in largest yon. A tributary of the Colorado river, periodicals all over the world. Send a trial order lor THE DE LUXE the canyon contains scores of white- ASSORTMENT of finest dates and desert delicacies. capped pinnacles that rise from the 1 pound delivered S1.30 3 pounds delivered S3.50 canyon floor to dizzy heights.—Times- Independent. Order from VALERIE JEAN With Confidence • • • To Preserve Historic Town . . . Write for Complete Folder THERMAL, CALIFORNIA CEDAR CITY—Preservation of the historic old townsite of "Iron Town" in the vicinity of Iron mountain has been undertaken by the Cedar City COUNTY MAPS chapter of the Sons of Utah Pioneers. For Schools, Hunters, Fishermen, Pnblic Offices, and Travelers This site was the scene of the manu- CALIF.: with Twnshp., Rng., Sec, Mines, Roads, Trails, Streams, Lakes, R. R., Schools, facture of iron products from 1863 to Rngr. Sta., Elev., Nat. Forest, Pwr. Lines, Canals, Boundaries, etc. Sizes: 20x30 to 73x100 Inches 1873. At only one place west of the Alameda, Alpine, Amador, Butte, Calaveras, Colusa, Contra Costa, Del Norte, El Dorado, Mississippi was iron manufactured Glenn, Kings. Lake, Marin, Mariposa, Merced, Napa, Nevada, Orange, Sacramento, San Benito, San Francisco, San Joaquin, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Sierra, Solano, earlier than at Iron Town, that place Sonoma, Stanislaus, Sutter, Ventura, Yolo, Yuba—each SI. was Cedar City where the Mormon Tuolumne, Santa Barbara, Plumas. Pla- Fresno. Kern, Riverside—S2.50 - $5. pioneers produced first iron of the Cer, ModoC. Madera SI.SO. T -„ Antrolos «1 anri «1 Tulare, Tehama. Imperial—each S2. *f\ Angeles—SI and S3. West. One of the old ovens used still San Diego, Mendocino, Humboldt— Siskiyou—S2 and $4. stands at Iron Town, with smoke stack $2.50. Inyo County, SIS; E or W!4 87.50; San and portions of other buildings.—Iron Trinity. Shasta. Mono, San Luis Obispo. Bernardino, 73x110. SIS: No. or So. Vi County Record. Monterey, Lassen—S3. 57.50: NW.. S\V.. NE., or SE'/i, $3.75. Also Oregon, Idaho and Washington County Maps • • • 2417 San Pablo Avenue — TEmplebar 2-3870 Nevills at It Again . . . WORLD'S MINERALS OAKLAND 12. CALIFORNIA MOAB—Norman Nevills, king of

JULY, 1949 39 lust Issued CALIFORNIA GOLD CENTENNIAL NUMBER of the Lapidary Journal Start your subscription with this big inter- esting issue. $2.00 a year Back numbers 50c each—Sample- copy 25c to those who have never subscribed or had a sample of record. Stamps or coin. Published for the gem cutter, collector and silversmith. By LELANDE QUICK, Editor of The Lapidary Journal LELANDE QUICK. Editor Box 1228 Hollywood 28. Calif. Through the fine cooperation of a cross class of "doing" or "action" hobbies, which section of DESERT'S more than 130,000 can be followed without regard to season readers it was determined from a survey, such as hunting and fishing, we place pho- published in the last issue, that of all the tography first. How many people climb in a regular features the readers preferred trav- car to make a trip anywhere without a RX-47 elogs with maps first, and the gem and min- camera in the luggage? Some may say that eral section second. Since almost every photography is not a creative hobby, but we A Complete travelog article deals with minerals and gem have placed it first. On the other hand there Lapidary Shop materials it appears that the first interest of is no dispute about painting and sketching in One the great majority of our readers is rocks. Compact being creative and placing second. In third Machine With this issue this department finished place we place wood working, although we seven years in which it has appeared regu- believe gem cutting is crowding it for that The most practical larly. Originally started as a "how to do it" position. ever devised for gem cutting and section for the gem cutter it offered much A news item on May 19 told the results polishing. of the fundamental information that fs now of a survey of 19 million hobbyists in 22 Send for Circular A available in many fine books on the sub- thousand hobby clubs, by the American ject. As new ideas are originated they usu- Hobby Federation. The survey indicated that Price. Less Motor and Saw Blade ally appear here first, but in later years this stamp collecting ranked first with, glass ware page has served more to create interest in $157.50 F.O.B. collectors, woodworking, model making, gem cutting as a wholesome and satisfying dolls, autographs, coins, painting, needle RX LABORATORY hobby than to repeat the trite information work and miniature collecting following in about tin oxide, wheel speeds, etc. that order. 1355 S. Chico Street EL MONTE. CALIF. An analysis of correspondence indicates As a publisher of one of the nation's that this is what occurs with thousands of leading hobby magazines we never heard of eastern visitors, especially since the availa- the American Hobby Federation and they bility of new automobiles and unlimited evidently never heard of us or the Federa- u DIAMOND BLADES gasoline: They plan a trip to California to tions of Earth Science clubs for none of us see the reaches and the beaches of the were ever approached in their survey. We Pacific, the majestic mountains, the flowers, decline to believe that more people collect Heavy-Duty Super- Standard the finest agricultural areas in all the world Super-Chgd. Charge Charged —and the tinsel of Hollywood. Seldom are dolls than rocks and we don't think anyone 6' $ 8.70 $ 7.70 t 6.75 else believes it. 8' 12.75 9.90 8.95 they prepared for the sight of the desert 10' 15.75 12.95 11.95 they have to cross. Many accomplish this Some may challenge our statements and 12' 21.80 18.95 15.75 with a grumbling and grousing, getting say they are wishful thinking but there are 14' 32.30 24.95 21.85 incontrovertible facts on record. Last luly 16' 36.40 27.85 24.75 through the desert at 80 miles an hour. 20' 66.30 44.20 33.95 Other fortunate folks "discover" the desert; a meeting of the California Federation of 24' 79.30 55.90 43.75 find that it isn't the wasteland they supposed Mineralogical societies had 36 thousand peo- 30' 127.25 106.95 Arbor ple attend a three-day exhibition. These 36' 192.20 159.95 Size? but a place of quiet and repose and, above F.O.B. Redlands, Tax in Calif. all, the cleanest place they have ever en- people were clocked on counters and not Send 3c stamp for countered. They usually leave the region estimated. As this article appears the com- Lapidary Catalogue. with a copy of Desert they have picked up bined meeting of the American and Cali- LAPIDARY ENG.. at one of their many stops. When they re- fornia federations will be about to take place at Sacramento on the 24th and through REDLANDS. CALIF. turn to their New England white houses or COVINGTON New York canyons they read it carefully the 26th of June. It will draw more people and subscribe so they can read more about from greater distances at greater expense the desert trails and rocks. Many of these than any stamp exhibition that has ever been people eventually turn to America's fastest held, and we've been to many stamp exhibi- BEFORE you Buy Any LAPiPARy growing hobby—gem cutting, now grown to tions from coast to coast. The magnet that the point where it is the fourth largest will draw more people than any other hobby "doing" hobby and rapidly pushing the will be the gems. If they were left out en- number three spot. tirely there wouldn't be enough visitors to We gave a talk on this subject at San fill the largest Sacramento hotel and there Antonio, Texas, April 24, and here is the wouldn't be enough commercial exhibitors manner in which we arrived at the conclu- to pay the rent of the exhibition hall. There sion that gem-cutting is entitled to fourth is more magic in the word gem than in the place in the action hobbies. To begin with word mineral and some day the federations CATALOG' we eliminate hunting and fishing as hobbies. will realize that a combination of the two They are sports. We eliminate all the col- words in their titles will do more for the - Pages packed full of helpful Lapidary Inst- lecting hobbies, for philatelists, numismatists promotion and clearer understanding of ructions..Should be inevery rocknuls library. and collectors of guns, shaving mugs, but- their purpose than the clumsy word minera- ffi&fcl complete informarion on the -famous tons, hat pins, playing cards, theater pro- logical to which some cling with sentimental grams, cigar bands, etc. create nothing. affection. Gem cutting revived mineral col- Hill^uist line of Lapidary E^uipmenr including I lecting when it was in the doldrums and gem Hillqu/srComtwcHapl^if, Hillq,uisM6"?ock Saw/, f They merely satisfy the acquisitive instinct inherent in man and in this class of hobby- cutting interest predominates in most of the H.HquisrTnmSaW) Hillijuist Aufofeed, Hil'quisf mineral societies today. GemDrill5 WoleSaw,Hill^uisrfacetot; Hill^ui's ists the mineral, gem and rock collectors are 1>um Sanders 5 Willauisf Diamond Saws increasing in such numbers that they support Seven years is a long time to be- singing several magazines devoted to their interests. the same tune. We haven't tired of it for we JP , i / Send NOW to The important trend in hobbies in the know more than ever that gem cutting is JoJuOCUUf EQUIPMENT CO* American 40-hour work week is the problem America's fastest growing hobby and that it IStS W. 49ST. 'SEATTLE 7, WASH. of doing something with one's hands in the offers more facets of diversion, travel, col- " NATIONS lAKSeSTMFGRS Of FINC tAPIDAKy 19UIPMCNT' spare time that Americans possess more lection, study, creation, imagination and than any other people in the world. In this satisfaction than any other hobby on the list.

40 THE DESERT MAGAZINE CHOICE CABOCHON MATERIAL Fine crystalled minerals. Mineralight and fluorescent minerals. MINERALS UNLIMITED 1724 University Ave., Berkeley 3, Calif. "Selections personal as your own" GORDON'S

GEM AND MINERAL SUPPLIES NEW MINERAL GROUP STARTS Colorado Mineral society has prepared a field trip schedule for 1949. The June trek WITH 66 CHARTER MEMBERS was to be to White Quartz mountain to "Dependable Lapidary Equipment" The Golden Spike Gem and Mineral soci- look for smoky quartz crystals and topaz. Write for Our Price List ety was recently organized at Ogden, Utah, An overnight camp is planned for July 2-4 with a charter membership of 66. Corps of into San Luis valley and Gem village. Opal, officers: J. C. Mahlum, president; C. L. Colorado plume agate and geodes will be 1850 E. PACIFIC COAST HIGHWAY Stallings, vice president; S. P. Roach, secre- sought. Two other trips will be made in LOXfl BEACH 6, CALIFORNIA tary; Mrs. J. C. Mahlum, treasurer; J. P. July—to Hartsel, Colorado, the 17th; and Lambert, historian. The group meets at to Mt. Antero July 30 through August 1. Weber college. Anyone interested in geology, mineralogy, gems, rocks, fossils, Indian arti- facts, or prospecting is cordially invited to attend. RUTILE RAINBOW DIAMONDS RUTILE IS THE GEM OF THE HOUR — IT IS NOW A REALITY A tall, hand-carved statue of jade was After years of experiments, synthetic Rutile is now available in cut gems of unbe- among the pieces on display at the May lievable beauty. This magnificent substance has been given the name of "TITANIA." meeting of Coachella Valley Mineral soci- ety, when Robert Moehle addressed mem- "TITANIA" IS INDEED "QUEEN OF ALL GEMS" bers, speaking on "Jade." O. A. Rush, past TITANIA LOOKS LIKE WHAT MOST PEOPLE THINK A DIAMOND SHOULD LOOK president of the Valley group, displayed LIKE. It is a warm, colorful, exciting, and desirable gem. This gem is far more beautiful carved pieces of American jade frorn Wyo- than the diamond. When viewed with proper lighting every facet will reflect all the ming and Monterey Beach, California. In- colors of the spectrum. Because of this, one of our customers wrote to tell us how pleased cluded were a jade fish, frog, turtle and they were with their beautiful new RAINBOW DIAMOND. letter opener. Omar Kerschner, field trip chairman, reported plans were complete for TITANIA MUST BE PROPERLY CUT a three-day trip to vicinity of Mesa Grande We are VERY PROUD of the FINE QUALITY GEMS produced by our cutlers. for tourmaline. Society fiscal year was to NO SALE IS FINAL unless you are perfectly satisfied with the cut gem you purchase end in June with election of officers, and the from GREIGER'S. We will mount TITANIA GEMS in any type mounting and GUARANTEE season brought to a close with a final field A PERFECT JOB. trip to San Bernardino mountains. Club will convene again in September. A wiener "THE STORY OF RUTILE RAINBOW DIAMONDS" roast was scheduled for June 3 at Lone is a pamphlet which is sent free upon request. It gives all the facts about this Palm beach on the Salton sea. AMAZING NEW GEM. The colors range from almost colorless to a light canary diamond color. Then there are occasional blue green gems and other odd colors for the connoisseur of rarities. Dr. and Mrs. H. H. Nininger, directors of TITANIA GEMS are priced at — the American Meteorite museum near Wins- $12.50 for small sizes of 3A carat or less low, Arizona, have returned from a five- $15.00 per stone for gems of 85/100 carats to 1 1/5 carats month combined lecture and field-work $12.50 per carat for gems of IVi carats to 3V4 carats trailer trip into California. Particular areas $40.00 for any stone of 314 carats to 4 carats visited were Coachella valley, Mojave des- $10.00 per carat for any gem of 4 carats or larger ert, San Joaquin and Inyokern valleys. Above prices are for round brilliant cut gems Points of contact were the mineral societies ENTIRE BOULES OF RUTILE ARE PRICED AT 75c PER CARAT in these regions. "We were received and SAWED SECTIONS ARE PRICED AT 85c TO $1.00 PER CARAT entertained by 15 mineral societies and Add 20% Federal Tax to above prices. Residents of California also add clubs," said Dr. Nininger who thinks that 21/2% State Sales Tax rockhounds and mineral collectors 'make good prospectors for meteorites. BE THE FIRST IN YOUR COMMUNITY TO OWN ONE OF THESE BEAUTIFUL NEW RUTILE OR TITANIA RAINBOW DIAMONDS Orange Belt Mineralogical society plans to DEALERS' INQUIRIES SOLICITED publish a bi-monthly bulletin called "Stauro- Everyone to whom you show this new gem will wish to purchase one of them. Send lite." Newly elected club officers are: Dr. for details of our discount plan that will permit you to own one of these new gems at Warren Fos, president; H. H. Brannon Jr., no cost to you. You merely sell several to your friends and the discount you earn will vice president; Floyd G. Mortimer, secre- pay for yours. We can mount these in beautiful gold earrings, rings, brooches, tary; Mrs. A. B. Cyrog, treasurer; Frederick pendants, etc. Gros, Kenneth B. Garner, I, V. Graham, OUR STORE WILL BE CLOSED TO ALL DROP-IN TRADE DURING THE J. C. Filer, directors; Major C. T. Kennedy, MONTHS OF JUNE, JULY AND AUGUST. 1949 Federation director. The annual election was Mail, phone, and telegraphic orders will be promptly filled by our regular staff held at the Derby House cafe in Colton, California. 1633 EAST WALNUT STREET Raymond Addison was scheduled to dis- PASADENA 4, CALIFORNIA. play his carved shell cameos at the May 18 PHONt 5Y6-6423 meeting of the Northern California Mineral society. It took Addison 14 years to perfect OPEN ON FRIDAY AND SATURDAY ONLY 8:30AM-5:30 PM- his present technique. He has displayed his MONDAY THRU THURSDAY OPEN BY APPOINTMENT ONLY work throughout the West, and will exhibit at the Sacramento convention.

JULY, 1949 41 AGATES—Escadillo, Cameo, Golden, Red and Golden, all outstanding and scarce. Palm, ADVERTISING RATE highly colored Arizona wood. All 15c inch, $1.00 pound. Send for list of other materials. 8c a Word . . . Minimum $1.00 Postage please. Visit us at Booth 19 at the GEM MflRT convention. Sequoia Gem and Mineral Shop, 321 W. Tulare Avenue, Visalia, California.

1 BEAUTIFUL COLORADO Calcite in Sand GOOD CUTTING MATERIAL—Agates, Jasper, TEXAS AGATES—Five pounds selected from Stone, fluorescent, $1.00. 1 beautiful specimen Agatized Wood, etc. 5 lbs. $3.50; 10 sq. in. all locations, including plume, iris, fortifica- of Silver ore, Colorado $1.00. Ask for special $2.00. Larger amounts at reduced rates. tion, scenic, opal assortment, etc., postpaid, list of Colorado specimens now in. Jack The Nevada Turquoise, good color, 20 cents carat $5.00. Visit. 20 tons to select from at 25c Rock Hound, P.O. Box 86, Carbondale, Colo. up. Rough Turquoise to cut, $1.50 per oz. per pound. El Paso Rock and Lapidary Sup- and up. Cutting, polishing and silver work ply, 2401 Pittsburg St., El Paso, Texas. Phone GOLD NUGGETS! Beautiful, solid gold speci- done. Free list cutting materials, minerals, mens, $1.00 each or 3 for $2.00. Special col- specimens and supplies of all kinds. John L. lection 12 nuggets from California, Oregon, James, Box 379, Battle Mountain, Nevada. Nevada and Alaska, $5.00. Desert Jim, 627 MONTANA MOSS AGATES in the rough for Lillian, Stockton, California. MINERAL SETS—24 Colorful Minerals (identi- gem cutting $1.50 per lb. plus postage. Also fied) in lxl compartments — Postage paid, Slabbed Agate 25c per sq. in. (Minimum order $3.50. Prospector's Set of 50 Minerals (identi- $1.00). Elliott Gem Shop, 26 Jergins Arcade, PETRIFIED ROOT, Jasper, Travertine, Agate fied) in lxl compartments in cloth reinforced Long Beach 2, California. and others, assorted or your choice, slabs sturdy cartons. Postage paid $5.75. Elliott's $3.50 per pound, postpaid. M. McDonald, 201 Gem Shop, 26 Jergins Arcade, Long Beach 2, ATTENTION ROCK COLLECTORS. It will pay El Morado, Ontario, California. California. you to visit the Ken-Dor Rock Roost. We buy, sell, or exchange mineral specimens. Visitors PLUME, BANDED and Moss Agate for sale at WHEN YOU TRAVEL Sixty-Six Highway, stop are always welcome. Ken-Dor Rock Roost, Ranch. Write or come. J. A. Anderson, Box at Boodle's place, one mile west of Galena, 419 S. Franklin, Modesto, California. 182, Alpine, Texas. Kansas. Thousands of fine minerals, Indian relics. Dealers Welcome. No mail orders, NEW FIND—Obsidian round eggs, good colors, McSHAN'S NEW GEM SHOP AND DESERT please. Boodle Lane, Box 331, Galena, Kansas. 5 lbs., $3.50, prepaid. Selling silver shop at Museum now open for business on highway 66. inventory price, take trailer house in pay- Rocks, Gems, Jewelry, and Mineral specimens MINERAL SPECIMENS, slabs or material by ment. Reason, rheumatism. Located on High- for sale. Write for prices. Traveling Rock- the pound for cutting and polishing, RX Units, way 40. L. A. Hansen, 1505 E. Fourth St, hounds stop here. If shop isn't open, you can Felker Di-Met and Carborundum Saw Blades, Reno, Nevada. usually find us by following directions on Carborundum wheels Cerium Oxide. Mount- door. Mac & Maggie McShan, Box 22, Needles, ings. Approval selection sent upon request. California. You are welcome. A. L. Jarvis, Route 2, Box BEAUTIFUL ARIZONA Variegated Agate, large 350, WatsonviUe, California, on Salinas High- slice, $1.50, three slices, $4.00. Satisfaction guaranteed. Chas. Hill, Cave Creek, Arizona. JUST ISSUED. California Gold Centennial Num- way. ber of the LAPIDARY JOURNAL. Start your subscription with this big interesting issue. FINE COLLECTION only $2.00 postpaid. 3 extra $2.00 per year. Back numbers 50c each; sam- fine Marine Fossils, 3 Analucites with pretty ple copy 25c to those who have never sub- cross designs, 1 Iron Hemitite, 1 small cluster scribed or had a sample of record. Stamps or Quartz Crystals, 50 assorted old Indian beads. coin. Published for the gem cutter, collector Can quote prices on any of the above and and silversmith. LELANDE QUICK, Editor, • New beauty in collections also on large, wonderful fossil rock specimens. Box 1228, Hollywood 28, California. R. Beardsley, 10601 Dorothy, Garden Grove, • Instant identification California. • Faster analysis ANNOUNCING the opening of "TUCSON'S ROCK DEALERS AND COLLECTORS—Being direct TRAILER" June 1st! Now stop by and see our • Uncover new wealth Importers of Zircons, Synthetic stones and material on display. We'd like to meet our Quartz Novelties we are in position to offer many mail order friends. While limited supply you top quality material at very reasonable lasts—SPECIMEN chrysocolla from 50c to prices. We have Zircons from 80c per carat $6.25 per specimen. Tucson Thompson, 10016 SEND up to $3.50 per carat for the finest to be had North Seventh Place, Phoenix, Arizona. FOR from any source. Perfect faceted cut five BULLETIN pointed Quartz crystal stars, ll/i" diameter, THE DESERT RAT'S NEST: Micro-mounts, Gem drilled for device at $2.00 each. Brilliant Cut Sand, Emerald, Ruby, Sapphire, Zircon, Topaz, D200 Quartz Stones 10 to 12 carat sizes at $1.50 Touramaline, Kunzite, Apatite, Garnet, Epi- each and many other rare bargains, all this dote, Sheelite, Beryl, Chrysocolla, Chryso- MINERALIGHT does all this with material cut in Siam. For the Mineral Collectors beryl, Peridot, unmounted for shipping, all such ores as Scheelitc, Uranium, we have fine quartz crystals in both single points and groups, Lodestone, Wavellite, Ti- for $10.00. Plume, Saganite, Moss Agates, Mercury, Zircon, Hydozincite, tanium, Native Copper from Michigan and Tiger's Eye slices, mixed Agate slabs, Saga- Willemite and many other minerals other good material, every item we sell is nite nodules, 10 lbs. cabinet specimens, all and materials. See these com- guaranteed to be satisfactory. A post card different $10.00. Address P. O. Box 1123, or pletely portable lamps at your will get our new price lists. J. L. Davis & Son, see Kizers Filling Station, 101 & F Sts., MINERALIGHT DEALER, 18 Encinitas, California. models from $12.50 up. Route 3, Hot Springs Arkansas. GEM VILLAGE — Gems, Materials, Antiques. VACATION DAYS are here. We need one like Lots for sale. Write Frank Morse, Bayfield, everybody else. So here's good fishing and Colorado. rock hunting to all until September. Morton Minerals & Mining, 1901 So. Muscatel, Rose- BEAUTIFUL BLUE copper jewelry rock, 1 to 2 mead, California. inch pieces. 1 lb., $1.10; 2 lbs., $2.00; postpaid. Four kinds gem rock same prices. San Jacinto COLORFUL AGATES and Woods from Arizona, Trading Post, San Jacinto, California. Utah, New Mexico. Black Wood, Colored Wood and Picture Wood. Utah Pigeon Blood Agate, $6.00 BRINGS YOU 10 beautiful rock, mineral Golden Moss, Red Moss, Banded Agates in and crystal specimens. All from Colorado. Ask many colors. Jet Black Agate, gem grade, for list and prices of other fine specimens and Dinosaur Bone. The best grade gem Chryso- cutting material. Jack The Rock Hound, P.O. colla and solid Malachite. Ricolite from New Box 86, Carbondale, Colorado. Mexico, nice for book ends, carving, etc. Make your next rock hunting trip in our yard, tons - TKextc* to select from as low as 25c lb. No mail orders FINE CUTTING TURQUOISE—Good quality, please until November. Will see you at the $2.00; high grade, $3.00; extra quality, $4.00 10 small pieces—average W-V*" $1.00 convention in Sacramento June 24-25-26. Geo. to $5.00 per ounce. E. P. Woods, Farming- C. Curtis, The Agate Man, 645 First St., ton, New Mexico. 5 larger—average %"-l" 1.00 Hermosa Beach, California. 6 still larger—1"-2" or over 2.00 BEAUTIFUL AUSTRALIAN Opal Cabs, 10x8— 1 small vial clear fire opal 1.50 $3.00 to $7.20. 12x10—$4.80 to $9.00. Opal 25 GENUINE OZARK rocks, crystals and fossils rough for cutting $1.20 and $2.00. Ace Lapi- 50 rough mixed Mexican Opals, in- sent postpaid for $2.00. John Jennings, dary, Box 67, Jamaica, New York. cluding honey, cherry, etc., aver- Eureka Springs, Arkansas. age 1" 1.50 BRAZILIAN AGATE, Specimen pieces, also good PHANTOMED HANKSITE XLS with basal for coloring, $1.00 a pound. Pieces run from ALL 5 LOTS POSTPAID—$6.00 terminations, new and very choice. We'll mail one to ten pounds each. Black Onyx Blanks, you two XLS plus a lVi" specimen of 16x12 and 14x12 size—$2.50 dozen. Mail orders Although these are sold chiefly as cabinet "Doubly-Fluorescent" Dolomite, for $1.00, filled promptly. JUCHEM BROTHERS, 315 W. postpaid. The Erskine Collection, 307 Rose- Fifth St., Los Angeles 13, California. specimens and have plenty of fire, many mont St., La Jolla, California. Come and see us. of them will work up into new cabochons. FLUORESCENT TURITELLA and other type paperweights, $2.50 each. Exclusive pattern. Money Cheerfully Refunded If Not CLOSING OUT most of 15 tons of rough, uncut Letter openers, $1.50 to $3.00. Book Ends, Entirely Satisfactory Petrified Wood, Jasper, Agate, Geodes. Will $7.50 to $15.00. Satisfaction guaranteed or give a discount of $3.00 from the regular price money refunded. Clay Ledbetter, Stone-Craft, Polished Mexican Opals and other gem to those buying 50 lbs. or more. First come first served for choice pieces. Swisher's Rock 2126 McKenzie, Waco, Texas. stone cabochons on approval to responsible and Novelty Shop, 4719" S. Hoover, Los An- persons. geles 37, California. FIRE OPAL—We are now specializing in all grades of Australian cutting fire opal. We stock this lovely opal in all price ranges. DR. RALPH E. MUELLER FIFTY MINERAL SPECIMENS, 3/a-in. or over, Also cutting material and specimens. No mail boxed, identified, described, mounted. Post- orders. West Coast Mineral Co., 1400 Haci- 3701 Valentine Road Kansas City 2, Mo. paid $4.00. Old Prospector, Box 21B252, Dutch enda Blvd. (State Highway 39), La Habra Flat, California. Heights, California.

42 THE DESERT MAGAZINE talked on "Fossil Areas in Northern Ari- AMONG THE zona" at the May meeting of the Yavapai Gem and Mineral society. In the region east of Flagstaff, near Bottomless Pits, three SVriTHETIC RUTILE ROCK HUNTERS horizons containing abundant fossils are MORE FLASH THAN DIAMOND known, said Williamson. Plans were formu- Round Brilliant Cut Gems lated for a field trip with Williamson accom- panying to identify fossils. Movies of Ari- Under 1 carat ....$12.50 per stone ESTIMATE 8000 VISITORS zona and New Mexico scenes presented by One to 3 carat ... 12.50 per carat ATTENDED SAN JOSE EXHIBIT Sidney Webb added to the evening's enter- Over 3 carats .... 10.00 per carat An estimated attendance of 8000 was re- tainment, and Mrs. Bertha Schnell displayed Money refunded if not entirely satisfied. ported at the two-day exhibition of the San specimens of a new semi-precious stone-— Write for prices of gems set in 14 ct. gold Jose Lapidary society, and Charles Murphy, schellfern. rings. Rough material in all weights. Our president, stated there were more entries • • • Shop is always open. than at any previous show. Al M. Cook of New president Fred Smith appointed the Redwood City was grand prize winner. Rib- following committee chairmen at the May I. C. FILER & SON bons were awarded in 11 classes. First, sec- meeting of the Pomona Valley Mineral club: LOMA LINDA. CALIFORNIA — Hwy. 99 ond and third place winners were: Caboch- F. Kroger, program; Verna Weist, publicity ons—Arthur Maudens, San Mateo; Carl and notification; C. W. Illingworth, field Brooks, San Carlos; Cook. Flats—Cook, trips; Esther Leggee, membership; Emma Maudens, Norman Pendleton, Santa Cruz. Kryder, door prize. "Gold" was discussed Facet cut stones—Dr. W. H. Taylor, Red- by Fred Kroger, and gold specimens ex- NEW ALTA TRIM SAW UNIT wood City; Burton Stuart, Palo Alto; A. B. hibited. Designed to Cut and Trim Slabs Strong, San Jose. Jewelry—Raymond Addi- • • • and Small Rocks son, winner of last year's grand prize; Mrs. Installation of new officers Victor Gun- O. Heller, Mrs. R. S. Grube, all of San Jose. derson, president; Jim Underwood, first vice Novelties—Dr. Gordon F. Helsey, San Jose; president; Norman Cupp, second vice presi- Lloyd Douglas, Santa Cruz; Stuart Bartlett, dent; C. D. Gibson, treasurer; Mrs. Alpha Santa Clara. Transparencies — Pendleton, Evans, secretary; Lelande Quick, historian, Maudens, Brooks. was highlight of the annual' June dinner • • • meeting of the Los Angeles Lapidary soci- ety. The society planned to participate in Specimens of pitchblende and ricolite the Hobby show at Los Angeles May 26 were displayed by F. E. Smith at the regular to 31 and the State and National Convention monthly meeting of the Ventura Gem and of Mineralogical Societies at Sacramento, Mineral society. Smith related experiences June 24-26. Plans are also being formulated of a prospecting trip in Nevada. Monthly to take active part in the Los Angeles field outing was a trek to Calico Hills area Lapidary society show and picnic scheduled where various types of cutting materials for September. were collected. • • • • • • Junior Rockhounds of Prescott have a Gem Stone Collectors of Utah elected club emblem—black and brown dog carry- Ed. Dowse as field trip director for the ing a pyrite cube in its mouth. Made of summer. small stones the dog has been named Rocky • • • the Rockhound. Black and turquoise have "Diamonds of Arkansas" was the topic been chosen as club colors. FEATURES discussed by Hugh D. Miser of the United • • • Hinged Plate; 3 splash guards; W arbor States Geological survey at a recent meeting Sixteen members of the Everett Rock and on. ball bearings. of the Oklahoma Mineral and Gem society. Gem club, Washington, are now enrolled in Takes 6" and 8" blades. The lecture was augmented with slides. Ac- a mineralogical class at the Everett Junior Measures 9V2" wide, HV2" long, and cording to Miser the diamonds are found college night school. Laboratory work in- 7" high. near Murfreesboro in Pike county in perido- cludes identification of specimens by chemi- Price (less blade) $23.75 cal and physical tests. tite on the ground in much the same type Prices F.O.B. Pasadena formation as those found in Africa. Several (California Purchasers Add Sales Tax) mines are located in this area of Arkansas Other Lapidary Equipment — Alta 16-18" and while production has been intermittent POLISHED TURQUOISE SPECIMENS power feed saw, Alta Arbor, Alta Drill since discovery, 50,000 diamonds have been Completely polished lumps of very fine specimen grade turquoise from several lo- Presses. Literature on request. taken out. The largest, found in 1924, calities over the world. weighed 40 carats in the rough but in cut- Write for Price List and Approval Selection ALTA INDUSTRIES ting was reduced to a 14 carat stone. Of the Lapidary Equipment—Manufacture diamonds found 90 per cent are industrial HAROLD D. MARYOTT O CO. and Design type and 10 per cent gem stones. Miami, Ariiono • • • 915 E. Washington St. - Pasadena 6. Calif. George M. Stanley, professor of geology at Fresno state college, gave an illustrated lecture on "Hudson Bay Area, of Canada" at the May meeting of the Sequoia Mineral Wene /tie *?6e tyjU society. A swap party was held May 29 at Legion park, two miles out of Modesto. • • • Appointments by new President C. E. Petrified Wood. Moss Agate, Chrysocolla Hamilton of the Santa Monica Gemological society included: Mrs. Florence Strong, Turquoise, Jade and Jasper Jewelry membership chairman; John Hall, field trip chairman; Mrs. Francisca Simmons, his- HAND MADE IN STERLING SILVER torian; Mrs. G. F. Blakey, librarian; Earle Bracelets, Rings, Necklaces, Earrings W. Allen, publicity; C. I. Meek, display; Mrs. Lefa Warth, social, Mrs. Myrtle Ca- and Brooches dieux, parliamentarian. May field trip was with the NOTS of Inyokern to Lead Pipe mi SPECIALLY SELECTED STONES WITH Springs, through arrangements with the CHOICE COLORS AND PICTURES U.S. Navy. Write for Folder With Prices • • • Testing radio-active minerals in the field and laboratory was the subject demonstrated ELLIOTT'S GEM SHOP by Ernest Parshall, radio technician with the U.S. Public Buildings administration, at 26 lergens Arcade LONG BEACH 2. CALIF. a recent meeting of the Colorado Mineral Entrance Subway at Ocean and Pine society. Geiger counters were exhibited. Open 10 A. M. to 10 P. M. Daily George Hunt Williamson, archeologist, Si JULY, 1949 43 SPECTACULAR GOLD EXHIBIT Two outstanding novelties were on dis- GREETINGS FRIENDS ! play at the Southwest Mineralogists twelfth Come and see us in our new location. AT SACRAMENTO CONVENTION annual show, Los Angeles—a horse carved Fine Mineral Specimens — Fine Cutting from Death Valley onyx by Charles Cook; Material. Chuck and Vi at Chuck Jordan's The California Division of Mines' famous a coffee table of mineral transparencies in Town and Country Market. gold collection is to be displayed at the con- mosaic by Frank Trombatore. It is believed vention of the American and California Fed- 350 So. Fairfax Ave. Los Angeles 36. Calif. to be first ever made in this fashion, and erations of Mineralogical societies at Sacra- Trombatore claims a total of 472 hours REMEMBER! We Guarantee Satisfaction. mento, June 24, 25, 26. This display of gold labor. The show was announced a success is reported the most outstanding in Cali- with an attendance of 1500. Exhibits in- VACATION TIME ! fornia and is valued at approximately a cluded silver jewelry, faceted gems, polished Take these with you:— quarter of a million dollars. wood, cabochons, crystals and sand concre- The "Gemlap", small portable Lapidary A testing laboratory will be exhibited and tions. Mrs. Florence Ingledue received a Unit. special award for her gold display, panned The Highland Park Trim Saw—8" blade. manned by the California State Division of Cut and polish as you go. See what you find Highways and Public Works. They will dem- by herself in Alaska; also for her fluores- where you find it. onstrate their 28-inch hydraulic diamond cent paintings. We will mount on board with your motor. saw. Geological and mineral material tests S-T GEM AND MINERAL SHOP • • • B02J Foothill Blvd. Tujunga, California used by the department will be shown and New officers of the Southwest Mineralo- materials identified. A eala banquet, starting gists, elected at the May 9 meeting are: at 6:30 p.m. at the Governors Hall, will Frank Trombatore, president; Henry Green, EARLY CALIFORNIA climax the social activities. vice president; Hazel Creighton, recording GOLD RUSH DAYS secretary; Connie Trombatore, correspond- Authentic stories and experiences of a 49'er as told by his daughter, ing secretary; Pearle Arnold, treasurer; W. A. Jewelry-Craft and Lavidary Arts is the Clarke, John Akers, R. F. Thomas and offi- ANNIE KEELER WILLIAMS title of a fine new catalog issued by J. J. cers will form the board of directors. Walt Price — $1.50 .Tewelcraft of Pasadena, California. The Shirey, retiring president, was elected an ex- S-T GEM AND MINERAL SHOP book is a price list covering a wide range officio member of the board. (i!)24 Foothill Blvd. Tujunga, California of jeweler's tools and lapidary equipment. The catalog is,well illustrated. • • • Members of the Gem Collectors club, Rock Cutting - Rings Mounted to Order Seattle, Washington, enjoyed a potluck din- Greiger's of Pasadena are featuring the ner, arranged by Mrs. Walter Larson, at ROCK and GEM HOBBY SHOP story of the rainbow diamond "Titania" in the May meeting. Various specimens were FELIX BRADDI, Owner a supplement to their informative Encyclo- exhibited and discussed by the group. Stones Ground and Polished pedia of the Lapidary and Jewelry Arts. A • • • Uranium Ore Tested - Western Jewelry completely revised edition of the 160-page Discussion of "Benitoite" by Ralph Dietz Highway 60, Box. 54 Ph. Moreno 338 1948 Encyclopedia is scheduled to be avail- was program feature at a recent meeting of SUNNYMEAD, CALIFORNIA able by the end of June. the Kern County Mineral society. Dietz gave historical facts concerning its discovery, May meeting of Santa Monica Gemologi- and related experiences of a trip to Benito- ite mine owned by Ralph Merrill. MINERAL SPECIMENS cal society was the annual dinner and in- stallation of officers. William B. Sanborn, GEM MATERIALS of Claremont. ranger-naturalist at Yellow- stone national nark, entertained with a talk, An illustrated lecture on Brazilian min- A huge selection of BEAUTIFUL MINERALS, supplemented bv kodachrome slides, on erals by Killian Bensusan was scheduled for RARE MINERALS, COMMON MINERALS Yellowstone and other Western parks and the May 11 meeting of the Long Beach and GEM MATERIALS. national monuments. A colorful display of Mineral and Gem society. An over-night mineral specimens was exhibited bv mem- field trip to Opal mountain April 30 through — One Price to All — bers. New officers elected were: C. E. Ham- May 1 was enjoyed by 40 members and guests. En route home a stop in the vicinity WE'LL WELCOME YOUR VISIT ilton, president: Vern Cadieux. first vice president: Prof. W. R. B. Osterholt, second of Lenwood yielded specimens of red palm BURMINCO vice president; Edward L. Oatman, treas- root. urer; Mrs. Doris Baur, recording secretary; 128 S. Encinitas Monrovia. California Mrs. Estelle Tesh, corresponding secretary. Members of the Pacific Mineral society (In same block with postoffice) • • • heard Colonel Clarence A. Jenni speak on May annual spring variety meeting of the "The Geology of North China" at the May Colorado Mineral society was to feature meeting. Jenni illustrated his lecture with a gadget night and election of officers. Dr. J. display of fossils collected on the Andrews Ring Mountings and Findings Harlan Johnson of the Colorado schooj of expedition, including dinosaur bones and RING MOUNTINGS: Sterling Silver, finished, ready to set. Men's from $8.65 to $15.00 per mines announced that auarrying operations eggs located in upper China Tibet plateau. doz. Ladies from $5.65 to $13.80 per doz. have been undertaken aeain on North Table Colonel Jenni, a geology and paleontology Ladies 10K Solid Gold $3 and $4 each. mountain and preliminary diggings have major of the University of Chicago, at one NECK CHAINS: Sterling Silver $3.50 doz. 1/20 12K Gold Filled $4.50 doz. exposed more zeolites. time assembled a collection of 20,000 inver- BEZEL OR GALLERY: Sterling Silver $2.00 • • • tebrate fossils for the Walker museum. oz. 1/20 10K Gold Filled $2.90 oz. CLEVICES: For Pendants, Gold Filled $1.25 The editor of the Dona Ana county rock- doz. For Ear Rings, GF or SS $1.20 doz. hound club bulletin writes: "So many min- PENDANT FRAMES W/CHAIN: Sterling or GF $12.00 doz. eral names end in 'ite'—it might even be E. Goff Cooke was scheduled to preview EXTRA EASY FLOW SILVER SOLDER: Yt said to be refreshing to come upon one that his latest film of the west at the May 14 oz. 50c; $1.90 per oz. doesn't—lepidomelane, for instance. But meeting of the Chicago Rocks and Minerals LOW KARAT GOLD SOLDER: 50c per DWT. JOINTS, CATCHES AND PINSTEMS: $1.00 that leads to the question of how to pro- society. Scenes were to be of Arches Na- per dozen sets. nounce it. I've never heard, but have a tional Monument, Dead Horse mesa, Monu- CUFF LINKS: For large oval stone $8.25 feeling that 'lepp-ih-doe-meh-lane' is correct. ment Valley and Mexican Hat, all located per dozen pairs. TIE CHAINS: For 12xl6MM Stone $6.00 doz. I've heard bloedite pronounced 'blow-ee- in Utah. W. Briggs, field trip chairman and JUMP RINGS: From 90c to $1.25 per gross. dite' and 'blow-edd-ite', but since it's also S. Norvell, program committee chairman, Ask for Price List No. 2 for spelled 'blodite'—obviously German—I lean announced a geological field trip for May 22. Additional Information toward the German pronunciation which O. R. IUNKINS & SON approximates 'bler-dite'. When it comes to Box 1295 Newport. Oregon 'przibramite'. I'm goine to wait until I hear A new locality for petrified wood is re- someone pronounce it." ported by Prospector Thomas Kienzle of Maupin, Oregon. The locality is situated a therock fairly high up on the range of hills known SF

44 THE DESERT MAGAZINE GEM AND MINERAL EXHIBIT WHY COLLECTORS PRIZE FEATURE AT COUNTY FAIR THEIR OWN SPECIMENS Featured at the San Diego County Fair, In Pick and Dop Stick, bulletin of Chi- June 24-July 4, will be a Gem and Mineral cago Rocks and Mineral society, Stevens T. department. Created three years ago, this Norvell gives a bit of advice—"Nothing is department attracted 90,000 visitors last so dear to the heart of a mineral enthusiast year. A complete large scale demonstration as his collection of specimens. While many unit will be in constant operation featuring of the pieces may have an appreciable in- all types of lapidary techniques and equip- trinsic value, it is not the market price alone ment, ranging from sawing of large slab which endears them to their owner. Each material with a 36-inch diamond saw down has two separate stories; one, the story of through faceting, sand and centrifugal cast- the mineral itself; the other, the story of ing of jewelry and final mounting of stones. its procurement—perhaps it was collected A $40,000 gold exhibit is to be featured by under adverse or even dangerous conditions, the State Division of Mines. Also featured it may be the outcome of a particularly will be a display from the museums of the astute trade, perhaps its purchase meant California Institute of Technology, ultra- going without something else, or it may be violet display, and Geiger counter demon- the gift of an esteemed friend. No wonder strations. it hurts to see them abused. There are only • • • three simple rules. Put them into practice: Program of the Hollywood Lapidary so- 1. Never handle a specimen without per- ciety May 12 meeting, Plummer Park Barn, mission. 2. Hold the specimen by its edges. Hollywood, featured "Minerals and Gems 3. You don't expect to drop it, but it might of Montana" by James Underwood, presi- slip. Just hold the other hand directly under dent of the Pacific Mineral society and mem- it—in case." ber of the Los Angeles Lapidary society and faceteers. Specimens of gems and minerals HILLQUIST collected in Montana were on display. A "Some folks advocate polishing with the without motor. three-day field trip was planned to Lead grain, others across it. Whichever way it is COMPARE! Pipe Springs area. done, it should have been the other way." This is the conclusion reached by E. P. Van # Put the Hillquist Gemmaster beside any lapidary • • • machine — cheaper, flimsy "gadgets" or units that Leuvan after the polishing of tiger eye was sell at twice the price. Compare construction! Com- Potluck picnic at the Chas. A. Rush can- discussed by members of the Kern County pare ease of operation! Compare how much you yon home was planned for May 15 by the Mineral society at their March meeting. get for your money and you'll say, "I'M take the Feather River Gem and Mineral society. Gemmaster!" One of the entertaining features of the occa- sion was to be an auction of minerals and Here is a worthy companion for our larger and Some unique fluorescent calcite has been more expensive Hillquist Compact Lapidary Unit. lapidary equipment. Colorful jasper was Tho smaller in size, the Hillquist Gemmaster has found in the Stonyford area on a recent found near Big Timber, Montana, by Her- many of the same features. It's all-metal with spun club field trip. man H. Graff of Seattle, Washington. This aluminum tub. You get a rugged, double-action rock • • • calcite is quite crystalline, and under long- clamp, not a puny little pebble pincher. You get a wave lamps it shows a bright yellow fluor- full 3" babbitt sleeve bearing and ball thrust bear- Mineralogical Society of Southern Cali- escence, similar to the yellow of wernerite. ing. You get a big 7" Super Speed diamond saw fornia planned to hold its annual meeting Calcite showing this bright yellow fluores- and all the equipment you need to go right to work. at Oak Grove park, June 5. Signed up for cence is not at all common. Usually calcite, USES ALL ACCESSORIES the Lead Pipe Springs field trip May 21-22 when luminescent, will show either red, You can use all the regular Hillquist accessories were 104 members and guests. blue, white or yellowish-green. with the Gemmaster: The Hillquist Facetor, Sphere Cutters, Laps, Drum and Disc Sanders, etc. Clark County Gem Collectors have an- WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG nounced plans for a Gem and Mineral show Gilbert Arnold, guest speaker at the April I to be held at the United States Naval meeting of the Coachella Valley Mineral TcOMPLM~ttAv"T0~USE~Y0V~GETALL~TH~S- Reserve Armory, Las Vegas, Nevada, No- society, related experiences mining opals in vember 11, 12, 13. Paul Mercer, Box 925, Nevada. Arnold brought jars filled with fire Boulder City, Nevada, director. opals which he exhibited. April field trip was to the Windy Hill area, Chocolate • • • mountains. The Banning Mineral and Gem Glenn E. Vargas of Indio, California, was society accompanied the club on this trek. scheduled to present the evening's program A growing interest has been noted in the BIG 7" Diamond Saw • 6" x 1" Grin Wheel • 6 Felt Buff • 6" Backing Wheel at the May meeting of the San Gorgonio monthly Rock Exchange. 6" Disc Sander • Double-action Rock Mineral and Gem society, Banning, Cali- Clomp • Oil Feed Cup • Water Feed fornia. Hose & Clamp • Dop Sticks & Dop Wax- ROCK COLLECTORS — ATTENTION ! Polish, Compound, Etc. • • • I am covering California, Oregon and Members of the Mineral and Gem Soci- Washington this summer with the finest BUILT FOR LONG SERVICE! variety of rock and mineral specimens in the No other low-cost lap unit ety of Castro valley trekked to the Pleasan- West, for sale, in the Trailer Rock Store. gives you full 3" sleeve ton Gravel pits April 10. Specimens of gyp- Send your address—I will notify you when bearing, ball thrust bearing sum were found. "Geophysics, Its Place in in your district. and pressure lubrication. Geology Today" lecture by Herbert Springer THE ROCKOLOGIST (Chuckawalla Slim) of San Jose state college, was feature of the 1151 So. Second Avenue, Arcadia, California April meeting. Copper ores from collection of Mrs. Adair Warren were exhibited. • • • ROCKHOUNDS' PARADISE The seventh annual agate show of the In the Heart of the Mother Lode 100,000 items, 42 years collection North Lincoln Agate society is to be held Released for Sale July 16-17, Delake, Oregon post office build- Largest and best collection of the kind in URANIU ing. Admission charge. For exhibiting con- the United States. Detecting Instruments, Guaranteed Geiger THE WIGWAM tact North Lincoln Agate society, Nelscott, On highways 49 and 108 between Jamestown Counters, Mineralights, Mine Locators. Oregon. and Sonora, California • • • E. E. Thomas, Box 78, Jamestown, California MINERAL PROSPECTING EQUIP. CO. 2200 N. Reese Place. Burbank, Calif. Development of perlite is rapidly becom- CHarlesion 8-4838 ing a new and important industry in New Mexico, and at a recent meeting members I Please Send Latest Folder I of the Albuquerque Gem and Mineral club Mojaue. 2)ede4J Qe+n heard John A. Wood, mining engineer and secretary-treasurer of the Albuquerque and Mineral SAap, . . . I Name I Chapter of Miners and Prospectors associa- On Highway 91. 11 Miles East oi Barstow | Street I tion, lecture on "Perlite." Wood expanded One Mile West of Yermo, California some perlite in his expansion furnace, in- E. W. Shaw. P. O. Box 363. Yermo. Calif. creasing its size ten times. I Town , State I

JULY, 1949 45 By RANDALL HENDERSON yf CCEPTING an invitation from George Palmer and without doubt it will become one of the most popular 4*F Putnam of Stove Pipe Wells hotel, I drove to Death routes to Death Valley National Monument. Valley early in May to join him in a trip up We spent an hour with George and Ann Pipkin who Cottonwood canyon, one of the few canyons tributary to have the only service station along the 96-mile span from Death Valley having running water. Trona to Stove Pipe Wells hotel. The Pipkins have a It proved to be a delightful two-day horseback ride into well-kept little retreat in Wildrose canyon with a fine spring an area seldom reached by visitors who go to Death of water. They are friendly folks who have lived on the Valley. I will be writing more about this trip for a future desert many years, and deserve the prosperity which will issue of Desert. come their way when the new road is completed. Along the route north I spent an evening with Paul The Panamint daisies were in blossom as we drove up Hubbard. Paul and his son, Bob, are publishers of the Wildrose canyon, and at the summit before we dropped Randsburg Times-Herald. With most of the old Rands- down into Emigrant canyon the mountainside was covered burg mines closed, printing is the most flourishing industry with great patches of purple dwarf lupine. The floor of in the town now. The Hubbards and their associates have Death Valley is a wasteland of rocks and dunes, of salt built a substantial publishing business in the ruins of the flats and bitter water. In contrast the rim of mountains ghost town. Their customers come from all over the enclosing it is a great rock-strewn garden of luxurious Mojave desert. desert vegetation, of scenic canyons and wildlife trails. • • • Despite its reputation for sizzling temperatures, many When I go to Randsburg I am never quite sure whether visitors follow the paved roads through Death Valley the dilapidated appearance of the town is due to neglect, during the summer, and Stove Pipe Wells hotel remains or to a desire on the part of its citizens to preserve it as a open throughout the year. sort of museum piece, and are afraid it would spoil We deposited our luggage at Stove Pipe and after a the effect if they hauled off the tins cans and patched and brief chat with George and Peg Putnam drove up the painted the old shacks. valley to Scotty's Castle, now under the management of But I did find one pretty home. I visited my old friends the Gospel Foundation of California, a non-profit oper- Ed and Sylvia Riopel. Ed is a printer in the Hubbard ating organization established by the will of the late shop, and Sylvia probably is the most artistic housewife Albert M. Johnson to maintain the fabulous palace built on the Mojave desert. They bought an old cabin, dolled with his money and Walter Scott's name. The castle remains it up with paint and pretty home-made furnishings and open throughout the year, and the fee for a guided trip surrounded it with rock gardens and flowers. But they through the bizarre structure is one dollar. moved to Johannesburg, two miles away, before making Death Valley Scotty, now in his late seventies, lives all these improvements. alone in his little cabin over the hill, and generally comes So Randsburg still has a perfect score as a ramshackle down the trail in the evening for the companionship he relic of the days when nothing mattered but gold. finds in the home of Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Ring, managers at the castle. • • • • • • Paul Hubbard lost no time in selling me a membership Everywhere I went the main topic was the Centennial in Death Valley '49ers, Inc., "a non-profit corporation Pageant to be held in November. It is to be a historical play organized by public spirited citizens of Inyo, Kern, San and the script is now in preparation. There will be one Bernardino and Los Angeles counties for the purpose of afternoon presentation according to present plans. staging a Centennial Pageant at Desolation canyon, four miles from Furnace Creek Inn, November 19, 1949." I asked T. R. Goodwin, superintendent of the Monu- ment, how he was going to take care of the 20,000 people. Nearly everyone I met during four days in the Death This figure is the most conservative estimate I heard as Valley area tried to sell me one of those memberships. to the number who would witness the spectacle. Facilities They are raising $50,000 to stage the greatest of all within the Monument would provide lodging for only a Centennial programs in Death Valley—and judging from small fraction of that number. the enthusiasm with which they are making their plans The superintendent laughed. "Probably a majority of it will be a grand spectacle. them will leave the Monument that evening and return to • • • their homes," he said. "But we have unlimited space for Leaving Randsburg we took the newly constructed road those who prefer to camp out for the night." from Trona across Panamint valley, to enter Death Valley I asked him to reserve a little plot of sand for the bedrolls by way of Wildrose canyon and Emigrant spring. Paving of Cyria and myself—for we'll probably be among the of the highway is scheduled to be completed in October campers that night. 46 THE DESERT MAGAZINE boom, increased in size 500 per cent. Many new suburban towns were incorporated. Irri- gation facilities were vastly improved. A network of transportation lines connected the cities and towns, and the transition of the southland from Mexican cattle frontier to American commonwealth was completed. The boom of the eighties is one of the most frequently mentioned phases of south- ern California's history, and The Boom of the Eighties In Southern California by Glenn S. Dumke tells the story in all its color, picturesqueness, and uproarious STORY OF HARDSHIP AND When it comes to depicting western life enthusiasm. SURVIVAL IN DEATH VALLEY on canvas or in clay and wax, Russell had Anderson & Ritchie: The Ward Ritchie few equals. His pictures are full of motion, Press, Los Angeles, California, 1944, 313 One hundred years ago a wagon-train of vivid color — they tell an unforgettable pps., index, biblio., end maps. $3.75. California-bound emigrants seeking a mid- story. His genius as an artist yielded only to winter route to California that would by- his genius tor friendship. pass the snow-covered Sierras of the more The story of his life and work, as told in northerly trail, all but died of thirst and Charles M. Russell—The Cowboy Artist, is starvation in Death Valley. rich in humor and pathos. Co-authors Ra- FRAGRANT ODORS COME The story of that tragic journey across mon F. Adams and Homer E. Britzman are FROM A BED OF COALS California's most forbidding desert region both Westerners, and after spending years "Bill Magee did not invent barbecuing. It was told by William Lewis Manly, one of in research and study they trace the cow- began in the Bible, just after Adam and the the survivors, in his book Death Valley in boy artist's life from boyhood in St. Louis core were thrown out of Eden. But Bill '49, first published in 1894. to death in 1926 in complete and authorita- Magee has done for barbecue what Eve did That bitter struggle for survival is now tive detail—his cowboy days in Montana for the apple. He put it on the map," says re-told in fiction in Hickory Shirt, A Novel after 1880, his struggles and triumphs, his Ed Ainsworth in Western Barbecue Cook- of Death Valley 100 Years Ago, by George love of horses, his letters, religion, homey book. And again, "I really feel sorry for the Palmer Putnam, published this year. philosophy and his deep resentment of the people down the ages who were compelled It is a fast moving tale of men and women coming of barbed wire that spelled the end by nature to eat but did. not have Bill fighting for survival against terrific odds. of the great open range days of the West. Magee's barbecue recipes." It is a situation which brings out the best Friends warmly said of Charlie "He wore and the worst in human nature, and some- In this book, Bill Magee, who all his life well." And this excellent biography of has either thought up or perfected good times both courage and cowardice in the Charlie's life and work will wear well too. same person. things to eat, pours out recipes, gleaned The book is richly illustrated—many in from 55 years of cooking at the pit. While Historically, the Death Valley party divid- color, and contains a prologue by Irvin the recipes are Bill's, they were rounded up ed into smaller groups as differences of Cobb. by Ed Ainsworth with 60 clever illustrations opinion developed among the members of Trail's End Publishing Co., Inc. 725 by Clyde Forsythe. this lost caravan in a strange and forbidding Michigan Blvd., Pasadena 10, Calif. 1948, land. Putnam's story is concerted mainly 350 pps., 150 illustrations, index, biblio. Barbecuing—once a hobby—has now be- with one small band in which love became check list by Karl Yost. $7.50. come an art, and Bill dishes it out, from an all-important factor in final survival of selecting meat to proper use of salt. Bill all but one member of the party. maintains the staff of life is much stronger Now the owner and manager of Stove if it is adorned with garlic and tells how to Pipe Wells hotel, Palmer has become well COW RANGES BECAME prepare that hot garlic bread folks drool acquainted with the history and lore of the LAND OF ORANGE GROVES over. "Hints and Oddities" give super-secrets Death Valley country, two previous books In the decades after the Civil war, the like this tip—"if pepper juice gets in the eye, having been written about that region. great ranchos in southern California were wash the eye immediately with milk; the Death Valley and Its Country, and Death breaking up, and vine and citrus culture pain will be relieved at once." Another Valley Handbook. gradually replaced the Spanish-Mexican pas- chapter is devoted to "Munches", and as Duwell, Sloan & Pearce, Inc., New York toral economy. Small farms and intensive Ed Ainsworth explains, "the main reason for City. 252 pp. $2.75. agriculture offered opportunities for the east- this chapter is that we couldn't correctly ern emigrant. The arrival of the Southern spell horse dovers." Pacific railroad in 1876 increased emigra- Spiced with anecdotes as only Ed Ains- tion. When the Santa Fe came in 1885, and worth of the Los Angeles Times editorial ARTIST WHO LOVED THE WEST the ensuing rate war reduced fares from staff can tell them, this cookbook that reads AND DAMNED THE BARB' WIRE Kansas City to one dollar, tourists and pros- like a novel—and is more exciting—finds a pective settlers swarmed in from most of place even for beverages. A hazy mist is gathering over the Golden the United States and many countries of Published by Murray and Gee, Inc., West of yesterday and enveloping its stirring Europe. Culver City, California, 1949, 225 pps., in- scenes. The Old West with its rollicking The city of Los Angeles, nucleus of the cowboys, warring Indians, army scouts, vast dex, drawings by Clyde Forsythe. $3.00. herds of cattle and roaming buffalo, is gone. Where once the convivial driver of the stage coach guided his horses along trails and tortuous mountain passes the modern trans- IN PRINT AGAIN . . . continental train rushes swiftly through, peaceful valley or by picturesque canyon. The huge ranch, with its cow-camp, except in a few instances, has disappeared, and JOURNEY OF THE FLAME where thousands of cattle once roamed there are today hustling cities and towns. By Antonio de Fierro Blanco The curtain is being lowered on the old life. A few more years and it will be history and Reading Juan Colorado's strange narrative you are never quite tradition dimmed by perspective. sure whether he is relating fact or fable but you'll enjoy this Fortunately, the records are being pre- amazing story, and you love old Juan for his blunt philosophy. served in prints and paintings. Charlie Rus- sell would have been the first to protest had Journey of the Flame is a book of history, of lost mines, of Baja anyone referred to him as an historian. "I California missions, of red-skinned aborigines, of the lore of the jes' paint things as I see 'em," he once said. desert country ... all told as exciting personal adventure. Yet, whether he realized it or not, his draw- You'll understand the desert and its mysterious background much ings, paintings and models have become historical records of the early American cow better when you have read it. country. And it is a record few men could $3.50 postpaid to you have left. Having lived the life he portrayed, California buyers add 2V2% sales tax his pictures are invaluable for their absolute veracity, and will take the place of docu- DESERT CRAFTS SHOP mentary evidence of an epoch that has Palm Desert, California passed.

JULY, 1949 47 'putovie , , ,

Desert Magazine never grows old. Its history, mapped dred answers to the question: "Where shall I spend the field trips, ghost towns, lost treasure, gems and mineral weekend or the two weeks' vacation?" fields and wildlife stories and maps are as interesting Desert Magazine has a limited number of back issues and helpful today as they were five years ago. available for those who would like to keep them for The pages of Desert are an open door to the most guide and reference purposes. Here are the issues now fascinating area accessible to American travelers. Back obtainable, listed by subjects. copies kept available for quick reference offer a hun- 'Indicates articles accompanied by maps LOST TREASURE . . . MINERALOGY —METEORITES —MINING' . . . Aug. '46—John D. Lee's lost gold mine, Ariz. Sep. '44—Petrified trees with uranium ore, se Utah* Nov. '46—Lost Pegleg gold not a myth, Calif.* Oct. '44—Holmes Bros, and their Castle Dome mine, Apr. '47—Lost John Clark silver mine, Ariz. Arizona May '47—Searching for lost cities of the desert Nov. '44—Jerry Laudermilk explains theory of gem Jun. '47—Lost quartz-silver vein, Calif.* polishing Nov. '47—Jack Stewart's gold ledge, Calif. Jul. '45—"Doodlebug prospecting" for hidden treasure Mar. '48—Giiadalupe gold, Texas Jul. '46—How nature colored Calico Hills, Calif.* Jun. '48—Tim Cody's lost gold ledge, Nev. Jan. '47—White Hills ghost town, nw Arizona* Jul. '48—Lost Treasure of del Bac May '47—Dr. Nininger's search for meteorites Sep. '48—Haunted Silver in Arizona* Jun. '47—Rawhide, Nev., old gold mining camp* Oct. '48—New Clues to Pegleg Gold* Jul. '47—Aurora, Nevada, ghost mining camp* Dec. '48—Emerald Mine in Santa Rosas Sep. '47—Perlite mining, Searchlight, Nevada* LOST TREASURE SET, 12 issues .... $2.00 Dec. '47—Nature's onyx factory, Lower California Mar. '48—How to find meteorites May '48—Turquoise mining, Columbus ghost town, Nevada* GEM AND MINERAL FIELD TRIPS . . . Aug. '48—Magnetic bombs, Pisgah crater, Calif. Mar. '46—Gypsum, concretions, near Salton Sea* Dec. '48—They Left Their Prints in Stone Apr. '46—Jasper, agate, etc., along Colorado river* MINERAL. METEORITE, MINING SET, 15 iss. $2.50 May '46—Green jasper, near Lake Mead, Nevada* Jun. '46—Agate, chalcedony, etc., Arizona* EXPLORATION — TRAVEL . . . Aug. '46—Aragonite "fossils", near Salton Sea* Sept. '46—Gem onyx field, near Las Vegas, Nevada* Apr. '46—Palms in Cat Canyon* Oct. '46—Augite crystals, Hopi Buttes, Arizona* Jul. '46—Joshua Tree mon., Wonderland of Rocks Nov. '46—Petrified stumps, Painted Desert, Arizona* Aug. '46—Fossils While You Wait* Jan. '47—-Fluorite, quartz, etc., sw of Denver* Oct. '46—Bandelier natl. mon., New Mexico* Feb. '47—Indian turquoise workings, se Arizona* Nov. '46—Glyph hunters in Four Corners ana* Apr. '47—Wood from Petrified Hollow, s Utah* Dec. '46—Exploring Dark canyon, Utah* May '47—Hauser geode beds, Black Hills, Calif.* Feb. '47—New road into scenic Utah* Jun. '47—Amethyst in Sinaloa, Mexico* Aug. '47—Indian petroglyphs, Utah* Jul. '47—Geodes at Searchlight, Nevada* Nov. '47—Natural Bridges natl. mon., Utah* Aug. '47—Agate, chalcedony, Fossil sprs., Arizona* Feb. '48—Underground cavern, Catalina mts., Oct. '47—Collecting crystals, Topaz mt., Utah* Arizona* Nov. '47—Petrified wood, Cedar mt., Nevada* Apr. '48—Cliff dwellings, Yampa canyon, Colo.* Apr. '48—Mudpots and obsidian, Salton Sea* Climbing Picacho peak, Calif. May '48—Fossil ammonites, Lower California* May '48—San Felipe, Gulf of California* Jun. '48—Gem fields, Wayne Wonderland, Utah* Inscription House ruins, Arizona Jul. '48—Agate and chalcedony, Turtle nits., Calif.* Jul. '48—Marble Canyon country, Arizona Oct. '48—Ancient Beach pebbles, Colorado riv.* Aug. '48—Utah's Arch of stone* Nov. '48—Blue agate on the Mojave* Sep. '48—Where Water Turns to Dust* Dec. '48—Gem field in Cady Mts.* EXPLORATION. TRAVEL SET. 15 issues . . $2.50 FIELD TRIP SET, 24 issues $4.00 DESERT WILDLIFE . . . Apr. '46—Horned Toad, Master of Camouflage Jul. '46—Striped Sphinx moth SOUTHWEST HISTORY . . . Sep. '46—Gridiron or Zebra-tailed lizard Mar. '46—Bidwell's first emigrant train, Utah and Hunting snakes in the desert Nevada* Jan. '47—Harmless Kingsnake, foe of the rattler May '46—Hawaiian Mormons, Skull Valley, Utah* Desert Kit Fox, or Swift Dec. '46—Donner Party relics, Great Salt Desert, Utah Aug. '47—Desert iguana (Crested lizard) Apr. '47—Episode in life of Padre Kino Sep. '47—Elf owls, Kofa mts., Arizona* May '47—Mormon Hole-in-the-Rock crossing, Colo. Oct. '47—Banded burrowing snake river* Feb. '48—Desert birds, Arizona Apr. '48—Camp Grant Indian massacre, Arizona* Apr. '48—Description of desert raven May '48—Old Mormon Alphabet May '48—Desert scorpions jul. '48—Kino's Trail to Pozo Verde* Aug. '48—Otter, Colorado river Dec. '48—Pioneer Trade to the Navajo Sep. '48—Mystery Bird of Salt Lake Desert HISTORICAL SET, 9 issues $1.50 WILDLIFE SET, 12 issues $2.00 These valuable back issues, carefully preserved and painstakingly catalogued for your convenience, are now offered at a special price to those who can make good use of the information they contain. Any or all of the above copies will be sent postpaid as follows: ORDER AS MANY ISSUES AS YOU WISH Magazines may be ordered by specifying month One copy 25c; Six for $1.00; 12 for $2.00 and year only, or by sets. The entire set of 36 different magazines for $6.00 LOOSE LEAF BINDERS FOR PERMANENT FILING THE WILL BE SUPPLIED FOR $1.50 EACH Each binder has space for 12 copies PALM DESERT. CALIFORNIA