Report of the President, Bowdoin College 1910-1911

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1-1-1911

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NEW SERIES NU MBER 35

B O W D O I N C O L L E G E B ULL ET N

ADMINISTRATIVE NUMBER

l-LEC£- r-?To w.r: 7, ,Q

9 JUN IBM

I9IO 191 1

BRUNSWI C K, MAINE PUBLISHED BY THE COLLEGE SIX TIMES A YEAR IN DECEMBER, FEBRUARY, APRIL, MAY, JUNE, AND JULY

MAY, 1 9 1 1

Entered June 28, at Brunswick, Maine as 1907 ; second-class matter under Act of Congress of July 16, 1894

REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT OF BO WDOIN COLLEGE

FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR, 1910-1911

TOGETHER WITH THE REPORTS OF THE DEAN, THE LIBRARIAN, AND THE CURATOR OF THE ART COLLECTIONS

I9IO 191 I

BRUNSWICK, MAINE PRINTED FOR THE COLLEGE, MDCCCCXI JOURNAL PRINTSHOP LEWISTON, MAINE : ;

Report of the President

To the Trustees and Overseers of Bowdoin College:

I have the honor to submit the following report for the academic year 1909-10 Melville Weston Fuller, LL.D., Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, died on the fourth day of July, 1910, in the seventy-eighth year of his age. Chief Justice Fuller graduated from Bowdoin College in 1853. After three years in Maine as a law student, a lawyer, and associate editor of the Age, a democratic newspaper published in Augusta, he removed to Chicago, where he practiced law until his appointment as Chief Justice in 1888. He was a member of the Illinois State Constitu- tional Convention in 1862. He served in the Illinois Legislature, and was a delegate to several National Con- ventions of the Democratic party. In 1889 he was a member of the Arbitration Convention at Paris which passed upon the boundary dispute between England and

Venezuela ; and in 1905 was one of the Peace Commis- sioners at the Hague. He was- Chairman of the trustees of the Peabody Educational Fund, and Chancellor of the Smithsonian Institution. He was an Overseer of the College from 1875 to 1879 and a Trustee since 1894. In 1894 he was the orator at the Centennial celebration of the founding of the Col- lege. He received the degree of LL.D. from Bowdoin College and from Northwestern University in 1888, and from Harvard, Yale and Dartmouth in 1901. His great service was as Chief Justice for the twenty- two years from 1888 to 1910. A Democrat from lifelong 4 BOWDOIN COLLEGE conviction, a strict constructionist, intensely distrustful of the prevailing tendency to extend Federal authority over business affairs, he was often in a minority; and often opposed not only to popular views, but to what many believe to be the inevitable trend of progress. Yet such was his profound knowledge of the law; his wide scholarship, his practical wisdom, his transparent fair- ness, his gracious courtesy, his genial humor, that he kept men of the most sharply opposed views in harmonious personal relations, expedited business, and held the Court throughout this long and trying period above the slightest suspicion of partizanship or favoritism. To his professional attainments he added rare literary and social gifts which adorned the office he so ably filled. Though his life was spent chiefly in Chicago and Wash- ington, he never forgot the friends of his native city and his beloved college. Loyalty to all whom he loved, fidelity to all with which he had ever been identified, whether in family or college, business or friendship, church or state, loyalty and fidelity at whatever cost of inconven- ience and sacrifice, were the traits that endeared him to his host of associates and friends.

The one great word that sums up his character is integrity; not merely integrity in the popular meaning of the word as common honesty, superiority to all forms of bribery, corruption, and undue influence. That, in a man of his high station, in these days we expect as a matter of course, and take for granted. Though it is a sat- isfaction to know that before he was Chief Justice, while still a lawyer to whom an assured income would have been most welcome, he refused an offered retainer which would have made him independently rich, because he knew that law and justice were not on the side of the man who offered it. But he had the deeper and rarer REPORT OF PRESIDENT 5

quality which the word integrity etymologically means: that unbroken wholeness of life, from which nothing that has once proved precious is ever suffered to drop out;

nothing is tolerated at one time or in one set of circum-

stances which is inconsistent with what one aims to be at

all times and in all circumstances. That the highest

life-tenure office in the gift of the Nation came to one who had this highest quality of mind and heart, is at once a credit to his country, and a gratification to his college. Daniel Clark Linscott died November 19, 1910, in the eighty-third year of his age. He graduated from

Bowdoin College in 1854 ; in 1870 he was admitted to the

Suffolk Bar ; and in 1876 to the Bar of the United States Supreme Court. He has been an Overseer of the College since 1894. He was President of the Bowdoin Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa from 1876 to 1879, and from 1890 to 1892, Faithful in the performance of every duty, his unquestioned integrity brought him a substantial practice in the management of estates and trust funds. Hon. Levi Turner Jr. died in Portland, February 19, 1911, in the fifty-third year of his age. He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1886. He was Superintend- ent of Schools in Rockland from 1889-91; and a Repre- sentative in the Maine Legislature from 1889-90. Since 1906 he has been Judge of the Superior Court in Port- land; and since 1907 has been an Overseer of the College.

High-minded, painstaking, public-spirited ; he did his work faithfully, served the community generously, and in dealing with offenders so tempered justice with mercy as to arouse their better selves; aiming ever at their reformation rather than merely at their punishment. 6 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

James McKeen, LL.D., died February 22, 1911, in the sixty-seventh year of his age. He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1864; was admitted to the Bar in 1867; and has practiced Law in New York since 1871. Mr. McKeen was for ten years President of the Hamilton Club, of Brooklyn; a Trustee of the Brooklyn Library, and the Packer Collegiate Institute. He was associated as counsel with Hon. Charles E. Hughes in the insurance investigation conducted by the Armstrong Com- mittee. Under Mayor Low he wr as Associate Corpora- tion Counsel in charge of the Brooklyn office. He was Legal Counsel for the Metropolitan Life Insurance Com- pany. He received the degree of LL.D. from Bowdoin

College in 1900 ; and has been an Overseer of the College since 1886. By his independence, courage, patriotism, humor, eloquence and learning he justly earned the tribute paid him by the New York paper most chary of praise, The Evening Post—as "one of the foremost citi- zens of New York". Oliver Crocker Stevens died in Pasadena, California, March 25, 1911, in the fifty-sixth year of his age. He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1876 ; and from Boston University Law School in 1879. He has been an Overseer of the College since 1891. He and Mrs. Stevens presented the College the beautiful organ in King Chapel. He also gave the Art Building a reproduction in alabaster of the Taj Mahal; and was one of the most generous regular contributors to all college undertakings and student enterprises. Courteous and generous, he brought an atmosphere of cultivation and refinement to the circles in which he moved, and the conduct of affairs in which he was interested. :

REPORT OF PRESIDENT 7

Franklin Clement Robinson died on the twenty-fifth day of May, 1910, in the fifty-ninth year of his age. He

graduated from Bowdoin College in 1873 ; from 1874 to 1878 was instructor in chemistry and mineralogy; and since 1878 has been Professor of Chemistry and Miner- alogy, and Josiah Little Professor of Natural Science. He received from the College the degree of A. M. in 1876, and the degree of LL.D. in 1903. He was a member of the State Board of Health since 1888, and chairman of the State Survey Commission since 1908. He was a member of the American Chemical Society, the Society of Chemical Industry, and the American Public Health Association. He was President of the Brunswick Public Library Association; and a member of the Brunswick School Committee. Professor Robinson was strong and broad and kind. First: he was strong. In some vocations, as war or business, it is easy for a strong man to prove his strength.

For a scholar it is not easy. For the scholar lives in a world of abstract concepts and arbitrary symbols utterly unlike anything we ever see or hear or touch or taste. How can he prove to other men his strength and win a reputation ? To do so he must meet one or more of three searching tests.

First there is the judgment of his fellow-scientists. When another master in the same field, who knows the problems and the difficulties, looks over your work and pronounces it good: or when an impartial technical journal praises what you have done ; then you have proof that your labor has not been in vain. One word from the scientific authority : one line in the technical journal is worth more than the applause of a thousand laymen or columns of favorable notices in the newspapers. In the reception accorded to his contributions to the American 8 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

Chemical Journal, in his membership in the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Ameri- can Chemical Society, and other scientific bodies, Pro- fessor Robinson met with credit the first and hardest test the scholar has to pass. Next to this test of pure science comes the test of the expert. Can you take your abstract concepts and arbitrary symbols, translate them into concrete and palpable facts, and by their means produce results which all men can see and appreciate, even if they cannot follow the processes by which the results were reached. Can you take in your hands the life of the prisoner at the bar and help the jury to decide whether he is guilty or innocent ? Can you tell the investor whether a mine will pay? Can you tell a community whether it can drink from a given water supply with impunity; and the family whether a house in which there has been a contagious disease is safe? If you can, the world will trust and honor you, even though it has not the faintest conception of the processes on which these important conclusions rest. Judged by this test of the expert; this power to dip down into particulars by scientific concepts, and bring up out of them things precious as gold and price- less as life ; by his testimony in courts of law, his advice to investors, his contributions to the development of dis- infection, his experiments in the purification of water, his service on the State Board of Health, and his presi- dency of the American Public Health Association, Pro- fessor Robinson made himself easily the foremost expert in Maine, and a recognized authority throughout the country.

Still, even here there is an element of faith: the world sees and values the results ; but trusts blindly as to the processes and methods it cannot understand. There REPORT OF PRESIDENT 9 is one more test,—one by which it is hardly fair to judge a scholar, yet one which Professor Robinson met gladly and triumphantly. Can you leave aside your special training, with the advantages it gives, try your hand at one of the common tasks in which other men are engaged and beat them at their own game ? Can you earn money and manage property, make shrewd investments, and show your fellow directors how to make a bank or rail- road pay dividends? Then everybody will honor you; for they can see with their own eyes both your methods and your results. Professor Robinson was equal to this third and popular test: he was a successful business man; and to a degree that is not approached by one scholar in a hundred, to a degree not equalled by one business man in ten who is a business man and nothing else, Professor Robinson proved his power by industry and enterprise to transform one dollar into two.

As I have said, this is not a fair test by which to judge a scholar, and taken alone would be a very inad- equate test of his success ; but when added to the other two, as in the case of Professor Robinson, it gives con- clusive proof of the surprising strength of the man who is able to pass all three of these tests : that in which the public can see neither process nor results : that in which the public sees results but not processes: and that in which the public can see and appreciate both process and result. Strength alone, however, even if subjected to this triple test, does not make one great. There must also be breadth. Besides his own work which he does forcefully and effectively, one must bear his part with his fellows in the joint undertakings of society.

How broad Professor Robinson was is attested by our public library building, our high school building, our ;

10 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

Searles Science Building, in the planning and construc- tion of which he took a leading part; our public school system, with which he was connected for thirty-three years ; the supervision of the building of Hubbard Hall the care of our college buildings and grounds which by natural selection fell to him as the most competent among us; and by all the civic, religious, social, educational and sanitary work of the community in which he took a vital interest and bore a leading part. To calls for help from every quarter, for all sorts of enterprises, his answer was always a hearty "Yes;" never a relec- tant "No". Finally, Professor Robinson was kind. Strong in doing his own work, broad in co-operating with the works of others, he still had a kindly charity for those who either failed to do their part or even in thought- lessness and selfishness did positive harm. The great problem of all administration in dealing with the short- comings of others is to balance nicely the far- reaching, wide-spread, but remote effects on the many of maintaining standards of efficiency, attainment and character on the one hand; and the suffering caused to offenders and their friends by arbitrary penalties on the other. The ideal attitude, the will of God in other words, would be so to adjust these conflicting interests as to get the maximum of good to the many, with the mini- mum of suffering to the incompetent or offending individual. None of us, however, get near enough to omniscience and absolute benevolence to strike this balance absolutely right. Some of us lean more to the pro-

tection of the wide-spread interests of the many ; others to the shielding of the one or few from suffering. Professor Robinson's leaning was very strongly in the latter direction. He was ever the friend and advocate : :

REPORT OF PRESIDENT 11 of the man who was in trouble. He was always inclined toward leniency in the treatment of the individual; and now that he is gone, all of us who were associated with him, will have to ask for a double portion of his charit- able spirit. In the vestibule of the North end of the Searles Science Building, has been placed a memorial tablet.

It is the gift of several of Professor Robinson's friends among the alumni of the college.

The tablet is bronze and about three feet by four.

On it is the following inscription written by Professor Henry L. Chapman

In Memory of FRANKLIN CLEMENT ROBINSON, LL.D., Of the Class of 1873 Born 1852 Died 1910. Instructor and Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy from 1874 to 1910, and Josiah Little Professor of Natural Science From 1878 to 1910 A Profound Student of Nature and Her Laws An Accomplished and Beloved Teacher A Devoted Son of the College And a Revered Citizen

Gifts During the Year Ending May 10, 1911

The College has received during the financial year the following gifts Joseph Williamson $33 33 W. K. Hilton 10 00 W. P. Chamberlain 10 00 12 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

S. T. B. Jackson 10 00 H. L. Berry 20 00 Donald C. White 10 00 E. G. Abbott 100 00 A. W. Tolman 10 00 L. B. Folsom 16 33 W. B. Clarke 10 00 H. E. Marr 20 00 A. W. Meserve 10 00 W. L. Black 25 00 R. R. Stevens 5 00 G. W. Blanchard 50 00 A. M. Edwards Est 100 00 Elizabeth T. Lee 75 00 Benjamin F. Morrison 40 00 Cony Sturgis 25 00 Mr. and Mrs. G. T. Files 200 00 W. A. Packard Est 5,000 00 Anonymous 34 00 Class of 1896 500 00 George H. Putnam 25 00 Louis C. Hatch 100 00 William P. Frye 100 00 W. R. Smith 25 00 Cony Sturgis 10 00 E. Crossland 5 00 H. Farrar 2 00 J. S. Sewall 25 00 Kate Douglass Riggs 40 00 Edward Robie 100 00 A. H. Huse 10 00 B. C. Morrill 5 00 Thomas U. Coe 1,000 00 John S. Kennedy Legacy 90.000 00 REPORT OF PRESIDENT 13

F. N. Whittier 50 00 Addison S. Thayer 250 00 R. L. Marston 25 00' G. H. Stone 10 00 S. C. W. Simpson 5 00 H. Goodwin 10 00 F. W. Spaulding 5 00 William P. Frye 100 00 W. M. Ingraham 25 00 A. W. Stinchfield 10 00 F. S. Dana 25 00" M. P. Cram 25 00 F. J. Pritham 10 00 Anonymous 25 W. E. Webber 5 00 N. B. T. Barker 5 00 J. E. Rhodes 2d 10 00 J. T. Cushing 1 00 F. G. Clifford 5 00 H. Farrar 2 00 P. J. Newman 5 00 E. Nichols 10 00 F. L. Parkhurst 10 00 A. B. White 50 00 Wm. G. Beale 250 00 S. T. Dana 10 00 E. Nichols 10 00 E. H. Webster 5 00 R. W. Pettingill 2 00 Anonymous 100 00 Mary J. E. Clapp 500 00 P. Bartlett 25 00 L. T. Walsh 100 00- For the Benjamin Apthorp Gould Fuller Fund 5,148 00'

$104,563 91 14 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

The terms of the Benjamin Apthorp Gould Fuller

Fund are as follows : The income to be used to forward that branch of personal hygiene which treats of sex hygiene from an ethical and scientific standpoint.

Changes in the Faculty

Early in the summer Professor William Trufant Foster was elected President of Reed Institute and Col- lege, at Portland, Oregon. He had done a great work in the college and throughout the state; and fairly earned the great opportunity which he now has. His work in English and Debating has been taken by Profes- sor William H. Davis; and we plan to give his work in Education to Mr. McConaughy after his return from a year devoted to special preparation for it at Teachers' College, New York. Professor Mcllwain has published during his year here a book on "The High Court of Parliament" which has received the highest praise from reviewers in both England and America; and unfortunately for us has brought him three offers of professorships from three of our leading universities. Assistant Professor Dun- calf, after a very successful year here, has also accepted a call to a very responsible and promising position in the University of Texas, which he left a year ago to come to Bowdoin. Mr. Stone, after four years of faithful and efficient work as instructor in Mathematics and Astronomy, leaves to resume his graduate study at Harvard. Mr. Evans also leaves at the end of the year to enter upon graduate study. Mr. Stone's work can be so distributed as to require no individual instructor in his place. The Committee REPORT OF PRESIDENT 15 on Vacancies will submit four entirely satisfactory candidates for the vacancies caused by these resignations, and the proposed leave of absence for Mr. McConaughy.

The Christian Association

The membership of the Bowdoin Y. M. C. A. this year has been 265, which is very nearly 80% of the entire student body, and also is the largest membership the Y.

M. C. A. ever had here. It is doubted whether there is any college in New England which has a larger percentage membership. There is quite a general feeling, however, among those interested in the Y. M. C. A. and the student body in general, that the basis for membership in the Y. M. C. A. should be made more personal and definite, since at present it really only includes approval of the Association, and financial support. It is quite possible that later this Spring the basis will be changed so that in the future membership will consist of those who "desire to be disciples of Jesus Christ in life and service," as the leaders of the work, including the Alumni Advisory Committee, feel this will strengthen the Association although it will lessen the number of members. This suggested change of basis has been partially adopted by a number of other New England colleges who are trying to solve their problem in the same way. Finances The Association has raised more and spent more this year in its work than ever before. The student contributions are nearly twice as much as last year. The contribution from the Boards has made possible the pub- lication of the Student Hand Book, containing information in regard to the College, a copy of which was given to every member of the College. 16 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

Meetings The usual Thursday evening meetings have been continued; this year a course of addresses has been given by prominent alumni upon "Christianity and the Social Problems." The average attendance this year has been 61. At a special series of daily meetings held during the Week of Prayer, over 50 men attended on an average. During Lent special services were arranged in connection with the Episcopal Church on Sunday evenings, when addresses to students were given by visiting rectors. The addresses of the College Preachers have been more largely attended this year than last, and apparently their visits have been productive of mucE good, both to the Association and the student body in general. In the fall a special series of meetings was conducted by Messrs. E. C. Mercer and Artley B. Par- son, who spoke in five of the fraternities, at the Medical School, and addressed four public student meetings. At the closing meeting nearly every student in College at the time was present, and the service was probably the largest voluntary religious service ever held at Bowdoin. The Cabinet this year has been composed of 26 men, and the monthly meetings have had an average attendance of 14. These Cabinet meetings have been held at the various fraternity houses, and have been followed by a half hour of sociability, and various topics of student interest have been discussed. Two of the weekly meetings this year were conducted by the students, and talks were given by men prominent in college affairs upon such subjects as " Cribbing," "Loyalty to the College," " Interfraternity Relations." In April a special meeting for Seniors was held at which the opportunities for service by college men in their respective communi- ties was presented by a prominent alumnus. A Sunday evening musical service was also held. REPORT OF PRESIDENT 17

Bible Study

The Bible Study this year has been considerably more effective than last year, with a larger attendance and greater interest. Two normal groups were held, with a total enrolment of 18 leaders: the enrolment of students in the small group classes was 137 ; the average attendance 89 ; and over 100 men continued the study for two months, or more ; successful classes were held in five of the fraternities. During February and March, on Sunday afternoons, Professor Chapman and Presi- dent Hyde conducted a public Bible class which was attended by over 60 different men.

Missionary Interest The contribution of the student body toward the support of Mr. Hiwale has been effective, and it is hoped, with the help of alumni and friends, to send nearly five hundred dollars this year toward that object. In mission study two courses were arranged, with a total enrol- rolment of 81 and an average attendance of 70. One student has signified his intention of giving his life to the cause of foreign missions. There seems to be an increasing interest among the students in foreign missionary topics, and missionary papers have been presented on this subject at the meetings of some of the fraternities.

Social Service

The Boys' Club at Pejepscot, started last year, has been continued; members of the Freshman class have had general charge of the work in this Club. The Sun- day School, with a total enrolment of about 40, including classes for both Protestants and Catholics, has been more successful even than last year; an adult class has been added to the classes for children. The Thanksgiv- 18 BOWDOIN COLLEGE ing offering of the students for needy families was used to give a dozen poor families a happy Thanksgiving. Throughout two months of the winter a gymnasium class for Brunswick grammar school boys was conducted under the auspices of the Association. A quantity of old clothes and magazines was shipped to Dr. Grenfell's in Labrador, the State Prison, and the Sailors' Mission in Charlestown. The opening reception to the Fresh- man class was very largely attended; and two special receptions were held this year, one to the Episcopal students in college when the Bishop spoke at the Y. M. C. A. meeting, and the other to the students of the Medical School. The deputation work to surrounding towns and schools has proved partially successful, a small number of men taking part. The General Secretary feels that the features of the work which should be developed in the future are : First, in the College; more can be done along the line of pro- moting better social relations within the college between the different groups; the text-book loan library and the employment agency should be further developed for the use of men who are helping to educate themselves: Second, in Brunswick; the success of the boys' gymnasium class leads one to feel that the Boy Scout Move- ment might well be started at Brunswick under the auspices of the College Y. M. C. A., with a possibility, eventually, of some Y. M. C. A. organization in the town itself: Third, in the surrounding community; the deputation work of sending men to give entertainment in surrounding towns, or speaking in near-by churches and schools, can be made much more effective as soon as opportunities offer themselves. The college men are ready to perform these services to the community as soon some arrangements can be made to find suitable openings for their unselfish efforts. REPORT OF PRESIDENT 19

The Religious Activities of Bowdoin College Men

1910-11 1909-10 1900-01

Meetings Average Attendance 81 54 25 "Week of Prayer" 51 20 Largest 215 184 Bible Study Total Enrolled 137 113 Average Attendance 89 52 Special Sunday Class 45 Student Contributions Y. M. C. A. Dues $225 $120 $100 Support of A. S. Hiwale 1909, in India $400* $323.50 Thanksgiving Collection for Poor $28.50 $26.75 Mission Study Total Enrolled 81 103 Average Attendance 70 68 Social Service Men taking part 60 40 Pejepscot Boys' Club 15 15 Pejepscot Sunday School 40 30 Grammar School Boys' Gymnasium Class 15 20 Employment secured for 10 Boxes of clothing sent 3 Boxes of magazines sent 2 Books in Loan Library 72 72 Information Bureau used by 10 Handbooks distributed 500 500 300 At Freshman Reception 300 250 300 At Medical School Reception 35 At Episcopal Reception 25 Membership 265 197 100 On Committees 65 40 30 20 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

1910-11 190£ Joined the Church 3 Transferred Church Membership 12 Teaching Sunday School Class 9 5 Engaged in Deputation Work 3 2 Colleges visited 5 3

Schools visited 14 1 Churches visited 9 3 Talks given by students 6 2 Talks given by Gen. Sect. 55 14 Delegates at International Convention 1 Delegates at Presidents' Conference 2 Delegates at North field 10* 2 Delegates at Maine Student Conference 35 20 Estimated

Expenses

Bowdoin College is not a rich man's college; though the recent subscription of eight thousand dollars toward the Gynasium by the students is sufficient indication that the students are not all poor. Bowdoin College is not a poor man's college; though the fact that it spends ten thousand dollars a year in scholarships and two thousand dollars a year in the employment of students, thus helping over one hundred students to work their way through college, shows that not all the students are rich. It is a college where about two-thirds of the students have parents who are able to pay a reasonable sum for their education, and the other third are helped to secure their education for themselves. The tuition of seventy-five dollars is a little more than is charged by some colleges, though considerable less than what is charged by any college in New England which gives its students the benefit of anything like as large an endowment and liberal an equipment. The actual cost of tuition, board, room rent and fraternity dues for those who are able to pay is more than it is in some colleges and very REPORT OF PRESIDENT 21

much less than it is in others. To good scholars who are dependent on their own exertions, the difference between the cost of tuition, board, room rent and fraternity dues, and the amounts given as scholarship aid and earned by service to the College, is as little as in any college in New England, except one or two large universities which give very large scholarships and remunerative employment to a few of their most brilliant students. The fact that a considerable proportion of our students are abundantly able to meet their own expenses, and the fact that we hold out no financial inducement whatever, and make no definite promises, to any candidate for admission, have produced the erroneous impres- sion that actual expenses for poor men here are higher than elsewhere. On the contrary, the fact that so large a proportion of the students here need no aid whatever, and the twelve thousand dollars we spend for aid is con- centrated on the most deserving portion of less than one- third of the students, is what makes it so economical a place for a needy student who is at the same time a good scholar and willing to work. While, as I have said, we make no definite promises to anybody, students are coming here every year with nothing more than their earnings for the previous few months, and are able to graduate with little or no debt at the end of their course. A typical case will illustrate what a needy student is able to do here. In a recent class a man entered with one hundred and fifty dollars which he had saved out of his earnings before coming to college. He received three hundred dollars in scholarships and three hundred dollars for service rendered the College. He was also able to earn four hundred dollars outside, mainly in summer vacations. His total expenses for the four years were $1450; thus leaving him with a debt at 22 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

the end of his college course of $300, which he is paying off out of his earnings as a teacher the first year out of college. This student did not either receive the largest scholarship throughout his course, or have one of the most remunerative positions; but merely an average scholarship and an average position. "We make no promises in advance: we give scholarship aid solely on the basis of need, character and scholarship ; and award opportunities for work solely on the basis of need and fitness to do the work. In spite of these principles, or rather by virtue of them, and in consequence of the concentration of large resources on a limited number of promising men, no resourceful and successful student who once enters is obliged to leave college for lack of money.

Best of all, there is no line whatever between rich and poor. Both are found side by side on an absolute equality in every fraternity and every group within the College.

Medical School of Maine

The Medical School of Maine was incorporated by the first legislature of the state, and made a department of Bowdoin College in 1820. In the ninety years of its history it has graduated 1988 physicians, of whom 950 are living. Of the 777 regular physicians in Maine, 290 are graduates of this school. Several years ago, in advance of most schools of its class, the Medical School of Maine changed from the division of fees among its professors to a salary and specific appropriation basis. Two years ago the school took the initiative in a move- ment to unite the New England Medical Schools which had not done so already in the requirement for admission, in and after 1912, of at least one year of college —

REPORT OF PRESIDENT 23 study in Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Language; and, with the school connected with the University of Vermont, persisted in this requirement, although the other school which at first was favorable to it subse- quently withdrew through fear of the effect on its numbers and fees. Among several plans for improvement the School has two which require a considerable sum to establish, and the income of a larger sum to maintain. First; improved laboratory equipment for teaching Anatomy, Physiology, Bacteriology, Pathology and Pharmacology. Second; a dispensary owned and controlled by the Med- ical School. By a practically unanimous vote the regular physicians in Maine and the alumni of the Medical School of Maine have instructed the Committee of the Trustees and Overseers of Bowdoin College to raise the sum of $140,000 for building or purchasing a dispensary; and the equipment and maintenance of the dispensary and the laboratories of Anatomy, Physiology, Bacteriology, Pathology and Pharmacology. These improvements are absolutely essential if we are to maintain within the State a Medical School, and the graduates of the School are to have an Alma Mater which shall continue to deserve its present rating in Class A among the Medical Schools of the country. Subscriptions for this purpose have been received as follows :

Dr. C. E. Adams $500 00 E. B. Burpee, Esq 10 00 Dr. A. S. Thayer 1,000 00 R, L. Marston 25 00 Gen. J. L. Chamberlain 50 00 24 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

Dr. J. G. Gailey 100 00 Dr. E. S. Power 5 00 Dr. G. H. Stone 10 00

Dr. R. S. Gove • 5 00 S. C. W. Simpson 5 00 Dr. F. W. Spaulding 5 00 A. W. Wandtke 25 00 Dr. E. H. Bennett (conditional) 100 00 Dr. H. Goodwin 10 00 Dr A. W. Stinehfield 10 00 Dr. F. N. Whittier 100 00 M. P. Cram 25 00 Dr. F. J. Pritham 10 00 F. S. Dane 25 00 W. M. Ingraham 25 00 W. P. Frye 100 00 T. D. Bailey, Esq 25 00 Dr. W. E. Webber 5 00 H. E. Warren 10 00 J. E. Rhodes, 2d 25 00 J. A. Furbish 5 00 N. B. T. Barker 5 00 Dr. A. M. Merriman 25 00 F. D. Rowe 2 00 A. W. Perkins 25 00 F. J. Clifford 5 00 J. P. Cushing 1 00 C. S. Pettingill 15 00 P. R. Andrews (conditional) 25 00 W. DeW. Hyde 100 00 Rev. H. Farrar 2 00 Dr. A. G. Wiley 25 00 W. J. Curtis. Esq 500 00 Dr. E. Nichols 20 00 REPORT OF PRESIDENT 25

E. H. Webster 5 00 F. E. Varney 25 00 P. J. Newman 5 00 A. B. White 50 00 E. H. Hall 25 00 F. L. Packard 25 00 Prof. J. S. Sewall 25 00 W. L. Black 100 00 Dr. P. Bartlett 25 00 F. A. Powers 100 00 Dr. A. F. Bucknam 100 00 W. G. Beale, Esq 250 00 S. T. Dana 10 00 Dr. W. H. Merrill 5 00 R. W. Pettingill 2 00 Miss M. J. E. Clapp 500 00 A. S. Pope 10 00 S. L. Merriman 5 00 F. O. Conant (conditional) 200 00 C. R. Bennett 25 00 P. Bartlett 25 00

Dr. T. IT. Coe 300 00 Anonymous 25

$4,767 25

While the sum thus far subscribed falls very far short of what we need and ultimately hope to secure, and while it will not enable us to build a dispensary, yet the medical faculty have found a substantial building in a good location which we can secure on reasonable terms and which will serve as a dispensary. To secure this building free from mortgage, and equip it and the laboratories in a very modest way, requires an addition of several thousand dollars to the amount already sub- 26 BOWDOIN COLLEGE scribed. For more fundamental improvements and for the maintenance of the dispensary and the laboratories apparently we shall have to look to bequests or large individual contributions. The fact that the students of the Medical School subscribed so generously for the college gymnasium ought to influence the alumni and friends of the College to regard the Medical School as an integral part of the institution, and to remember it in their gifts and bequests. This year the School suffers serious loss by the resignation of Dr. Alfred Mitchell, LL.D., and Dr. Fred- erick H. Gerrish, LL.D. Both these professors, by length and fidelity of service, and by enthusiastic interest in the affairs of the school, have done much to build up and maintain it. Dr. Mitchell, in addition to faith- fulness and regularity in meeting his appointments as a teacher, by his courtesy and kindliness has won the affection and devotion of successive classes. Dr. Ger- rish, by his published writings and the wide reputation they have brought him, and by his efforts in favor of progress as fast as progress has been practicable, has kept the School favorably before both our local constituency and professional critics throughout the country. Dr. Mitchell has been Assistant Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine from 1869 to 1873; Professor of Obstetrics from 1873 to 1897; and Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine since 1897. Dr. Gerrish has been Professor of Anatomy from

1882 to 1905 ; and Professor of Surgery since 1905. It is unfortunate that the Medical School is called upon to lose the services of two such valued professors in the same year.

New England Intercollegiate Oratorical League

The friends of the College will be gratified that, at the second annual contest of the New England Intercol- legiate Oratorical League, held at Brunswick on May

5, 1911, the medal was won by the representative of REPORT OF PRESIDENT 27

Bowdoin. The other colleges included in the League are Amherst, Brown, Wesleyan and Williams. The judges at these contests are so competent, and the competition is so keen between the representatives of the five institutions, that while the arts of rhetoric and elocution cannot be neglected, yet a victory cannot be won by these alone. To be successful in such a contest one must thoroughly identify himself with some important aspect of human experience, and naturally and effectively im- part his interest and enthusiasm to an audience. A victory under these conditions is not only a credit to the department of Rhetoric and Oratory, but a credit to the entire intellectual training of the College.

College Preachers and Annie Talbot Cole Lecturer

Through the continued liberality of Professor and Mrs. George T. Files, and the Annie Talbot Cole Lectureship, the college has enjoyed a series of religious services by eminent preachers, and a course of lectures which have been of great value to the college community.

The names of those who have rendered these services are ::

College Preachers 1910—1911 Rev. Robert Hume, D.D., India President Albert P. Fitch, D.D., Cambridge, Mass. Rev. Ambrose W. Vernon, D.D., Brookline, Mass. Rev. H. Roswell Bates, New York, N. Y. Rev. Washington Gladden, D.D., Columbus, O. Rev. Samuel McChord Crothers, Litt.D., Cambridge* Mass. Rev. Raymond Calkins, D.D., Portland

Annie Talbot Cole Lecturer 1910-1911 Rev. Samuel Valentine Cole, D.D., Norton, Mass.

Subject : Personality and Power 28 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

The New Gymnasium

The need of a Gymnasium has been presented time and again in this annual report and need not be repeated now. The excellence of our equipment in every other respect makes the inadequacy of our present gymnasium

all the more glaring by contrast. It is the one thing left

about the material equipment of the College which is open to serious criticism.

Urgent as the need is, however, year after year I have refrained from asking contributions for this purpose. Other needs were so much more urgent and had been so generously met by our alumni and friends, that it did not seem fair to press this need on those who were showing themselves so generous in providing endowment, buildings and equipment, more obviously and directly connected with the intellectual life of the Col- lege. It was with the greatest reluctance that I called for a subscription for this purpose this year, coming so soon after the most liberal contributions to the Endowment Fund which our friends had been making during the past three years. On the other hand, having reason to believe that the fund could be raised this year, I could not in justice to the College and the student body postpone the appeal longer. Through special communications our alumni and friends are already aware of the splendid response now being made for this purpose. As this report, however, may go to some who have not seen the special communication, a brief account of the progress already made, together with tentative plans and their description is here introduced. Before doing so, however, I wish to express once more my hearty thanks, not only to those REPORT OF PRESIDENT 29' who have subscribed for this purpose, but to many alumni and friends who, while unable to subscribe, have expressed the most cordial and kindly interest in these plans for the upbuilding of the College. The subscription toward the new Gymnasium at present stands as follows:

Mr. George S. Bowdoin $10,000* From the General Thomas W. Hyde Athletic Building 25,000 Mr. Hugh J. Chisholm 5,000 From alumni and friends 17,000 From students of the College 8,000 From students of the Medical School 1,000

Total $66,000

At a recent Rally held in Hubbard Hall the subject of the new Gymnasium was presented to the undergraduates. No subscription was taken immediately, and no attempt was made to take advantage of the temporary enthusiasm of that occasion. During the next few days, however, with ample time afforded for reflection and consultation with parents, the students of the College pledged $8,000, and students of the Medical School $1,000. This remarkably generous contribution on the part of the young men, who are in a position to feel most keenly the need of such a building, we are confident will prove an incentive to their older brothers, who are far better able than they to contribute, to make up the balance that remains. The four hundred students of the College and the Medical School have given nine thous- and dollars. We have nearly five times four hundred, or eighteen hundred and seventy-one alumni. There- remain thirty-four thousand dollars to be raised. If, therefore, the alumni, who have not yet contributed, will 3° BOWDOIN COLLEGE

give as liberally,—I will not say in proportion to their means,—but even in proportion to their numbers as the students have already given, the entire one hundred thousand dollars will be raised. Surely after this splendid example of generosity and devotion manifested bv the undergraduates, the graduates will not fall below the

standard of giving the undergraduates have set. In view of the fact that the names of the donors will be inscribed on oak tablets in the new Gymnasium, and that only a small fraction of those who will ulti-

mately subscribe have yet made their subscription, it seems best not to present the partial list of subscribers at present. AYhile we have carefully refrained from consulting any architect, Dr. Whittier has been busy studying the best gymnasiums of the country. He has also received valuable suggestions from Dr. D. A. Sargent, of the Class of 1875, and from Mr. Lory Prentiss of the Class of 1889. Mr. Alvord, our instructor in Mechanical Drawing, has drawn rough plans in accordance with Dr.

Whittier 's ideas. These plans are herewith reproduced and accompanied by a description which will show what we have in mind both for the Gymnasium proper, and for The General Thomas W. Hyde Athletic Building. No. 1 shows the proposed location of the new gymnasium between the Sargent Gymnasium and the observ- atory, looking out on the quadrangle between King Chapel and Maine Hall. The front section of the two connected buildings will be the gymnasium and the rear section will be the General Thomas W. Hyde Athletic Building. The cut also gives some idea of the appear- ance of the buildings if it is decided to build on the same architectural lines as the Sargent Gymnasium. No. 2 shows the first floor of the gymnasium, which is at ground level. The building will be 140 ft. x 80 ft. REPORT OF PRESIDENT 31

A flight of steps will lead up to the entrance. Under the hallway are the bowling alleys which run the whole width of the building. To the left is a room for the athletic managers, a fencing room, a boxing room, a squash court, a room for handball and a store room. On the right is a dressing room for the faculty, which may also be used by visiting teams, a large section containing lockers for 500 men, hot and cold showers and a rubbing room. To the extreme right is a store room. No. 3 shows the second floor, reached by two stairways, one leading directly up from the entrance, the other leading up from the lower floor in the passageway to the athletic building. This floor contains the main exercising room, 107 ft. x 77 ft., a special exercising room, intended for the development of students with special deformities or weaknesses; and two offices or examining rooms. No. 4 shows on the left the trophy room and visitors' gallery 29 ft. x 77 ft., situated over the special exercising room and offices. It is planned to keep here all athletic trophies, including all cups, pennants, footballs and baseballs ever won by Bowdoin teams. Arranged around the trophy room will be oak tablets on which will be inscribed the names of all who contribute for the gymnasium. The visitors' gallery will look out upon the main exercising floor from an elevation of ten feet. On the right of the cut is shown the detail of the corridors leading from the gymnasium to the athletic building. No. 5 shows the General Thomas W. Hyde Athletic

Building, 140 ft. x 112 ft. The frame of this building will be of steel. The floor will be of screened gravel subsoil. This building gives room for a full sized base- ball diamond. If desired this space could be utilized for tennis by marking out courts on the surface of the dia- 32 BOWDOIN COLLEGE mond. Football goal posts could be erected at one end of the building so as to give opportunity to practice kicking 40 yard goals. It is planned to reserve a portion of the building next the gymnasium for track ath- letics, separating it by a net. Thirteen feet above the floor will be a broad running track, 14 laps to the mile, and 10 ft. wide with corners raised 3^ ft. This track may be reached from the gymnasium exercising floor by the upper corridor and from the ground floor by spiral steel stairways in each of the corners next the gymnasium. The track will also be separated from the base- ball diamond by a net, and with the space beneath will give ample opportunity for indoor practice for track and field sports. The walls of both buildings will be of brick or cement and the roofs will be covered with tile or slate. The estimated cost of the gymnasium and athletic building is $100,000. This does not include any provision for a swimming pool. There is a growing belief that it is better to have the swimming pool in a connected building rather than in the gymnasium itself. It is hoped that sometime in the future a swimming pool may be provided, located as suggested by dotted lines in No. 1. y+K> (^ I

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1 I 1 I 38 • BOWDOIN COLLEGE

Changes in Requirements for Admission

The present requirements for admission to Bowdoin College are in some respects an inheritance from a time when it was possible for the college to dictate to the academies what the college preparatory course should be. In the meantime the public high school has been steadily rising into prominence, and the old-fashioned country academy has correspondingly declined. The high school is directly responsible to the tax payers of the community in which they live ; and both the teachers and the students in the public high school are much less responsive to attempted dictation on the part of the college. Recognizing that there was danger of lack of understanding between the schools and the college, the x 'aculty recently invited the principals of high schools and school superintendents in Maine to a Conference which was held in Hubbard Hall, April 8, 1911. The faculty then submitted for their consideration the following plan for making the preparatory course of study more elastic. Candidates will be required to present a record of their school work, showing the subjects studied, the ground covered, the time devoted to them, and the quality of work done. Such a record to be approved must showT that work in secondary school subjects has covered four years ; has been mainly devoted to languages, mathematics, science and history; and that two of the subjects offered have been pursued beyond their elements.

If this record is satisfactory, the candidates will then be given in each of four subjects an examination, adapted to show the range and quality of their attainments in the whole subject. The four subjects will be: English and

Latin, and any two of the following seven : except that a science may not be offered unless Mathematics is offered REPORT OF PRESIDENT 39 with it: Greek, French, German, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, History. The anticipated advantages of this plan are mainly two:

1. Greater freedom for the secondary school in its courses of study and methods of teaching.

2. Abolition of conditions: and either the total acceptance or total rejection of the candidate on the combined record and examination. The College will continue to admit on certificates from schools approved by the New England College Entrance Certificate Board; the new method, if adopted, applying at first only to students who do not bring such certificates. The superintendents and principals were unanimous in the opinion that such a plan would give them some measure of relief and tend to bring the schools and the College into more sympathetic and helpful relations.

This plan is accordingly recommended for adoption. While this was the main purpose of the Conference, incidentally the faculty had brought very forcibly to their attention a much more serious difficulty of which for a long time we have been increasingly aware. The period required for preparation in Latin is so long, and the time for beginning it comes so early in the course, that a large number of students who ultimately desire to go to college fail to begin the study early enough to meet the requirement by the time they have completed the four years' course. The College has recognized this difficulty for the past few years, and recently made provision for reduc- ing the requirement from four years to three, allowing the fourth year to be taken after the student comes to college. The reduction to three years, however, is imme- : ;

40 BOWDOIN COLLEGE diately followed by a demand for a reduction to two years. Several of the principals present at the Confer- ence, and some from the most important schools in the state, told us of classes of boys in their schools who would prefer to come to Bowdoin but cannot on account of incomplete or totally lacking preparation in Latin. The faculty feel that this whittling down of the requirement is unfortunate in every way. Either we should require enough Latin to be of positive and per- manent value; or else we should provide some method of admission for those who have completed a thorough four years' course irrespective of the amount of Latin which they have taken. Accordingly, the faculty will probably increase the requirement of Latin for the course leading to the degree of A.B. ; making the study of Latin throughout the Freshman year an absolute requirement of all candidates for the degree of A.B., instead of an alternative requirement with Mathematics, as at present. This will insure that every candidate for the degree of A.B. has carried his Latin far enough to be not only of positive disciplinary value, but of perma- nent cultural value. On the other hand, having thus restored Latin to its rightful place for the degree of A.B., the faculty recom- mend that the College offer a course leading to the degree of B.S. Stated in terms of present requirements for admission, the difference between the requirements for admission to the B.S. course would consist simply in transferring the eight points represented by Elementary Latin and History, from the required to the elective list so that the required points for admission to the B.S. course would be

English 6 points Algebra 4 points Solid Geometry 2 points A Foreign Language 4 points REPORT OF PRESIDENT 41 making the aggregate of required points 16. Thirteen points would remain to be elected from the same list as that from which the candidates for the A.B. degree elect their courses, with the addition of Ele- mentary Latin and Roman History. On this plan credit of 4 points would be given for two years of Latin, or 6 points for three years of Latin, and 8 points for four years of Latin. For candidates for the degree of B.S. freshman Mathematics would be an absolute requirement, instead of an alternative requirement with

Latin, as it is at present for the candidates for the degree •of A.B. They would also be required to make Mathe- matics or a physical science their major subject. Neither of these changes are proposed with a view to lowering the requirements for admission. Bowdoin Col- lege has sacrificed hundreds of students in the past to the honest enforcement of high requirements, and proposes to continue to render that important service to its students and to the cause of education in the state. Within the past four years the College has deliberately

cut the number of special students from 34 to 2, to the

-great advantage of its standards. In the administration of the requirements for the degree of B.S. it proposes to be as strict as it has been, and will be, in the administration of the requirements for the degree of A.B.

What is proposed is not a lowering, but a broadening of the requirements for admission. It is the unanimous opinion of the faculty that the best preparation for a liberal education includes the study of Latin throughout the four preparatory years. If the College could justly and effectively exert over the public high schools of the state the same authority and influence which it 42 BOWDOIN COLLEGE exerted over the academies of fifty years ago, it would continue to make four years of Latin an absolute requirement for admission to any course offered in college. Our own observation of the trend of education throughout the country, and the emphatic expression of superintendents and principals at the recent Confer- ence, all make plain that it is impossible for the College either to dictate to the high schools what they shall teach, or effectively to influence a considerable portion of the students in their early choice of studies.

With its generous endowment, its almost perfect equipment, and its large teaching force, the College feels that whatever its views may be about the education that is theoretically best, it has no right to make its requirements for admission such that a large and steadily increasing proportion of the graduates of the high schools, even though they may wish to come to it, will find it practically impossible to do so. The faculty feels that there is a real difference in value between a preparatory course that includes four years of Latin and a preparatory course that does not. On the other hand, we feel that that difference is not so great as to justify the

College in excluding from its opportunities fifty per cent, or more of the students who, as a result of the policy of the schools, or their own immature choice, find themselves on the completion of their high school course without the traditional four years of Latin. It is due to no sudden change of educational theory, but to a steadily increasing realization of actual educational conditions within our natural and chief constituency, that

the faculty is led to make this recommendation. We record our theoretical educational preference in the dis-

tinction between the degrees ; and we express our appre- ciation of the actual educational condition by offering :

REPORT OF PRESIDENT 43 the B.S. course. We propose to administer the requirements of both courses with the same integrity with which the requirements for the A.B. course have been administered, and with which, during the past four years, we have cut down the list of special students until they retain no vestige whatever of the loafer or merely athletic element, and represent exclusively mature and earnest interest in special lines of study. That the proposal to offer a course leading to the

degree of B.S. without Latin is not startlingly radical, may be seen from the following figures showing the present practice of the sixteen New England colleges. The figures for institutions in the west would show a still larger proportion offering degrees other than A.B. without Latin.

For New England the figures are as follows

Colleges offering B.S 12 Colleges offering Bachelor of Philosophy 1 Colleges offering Litt.B 1 Colleges offering A.B. only (including Bowdoin) ... 2

Comparing these figures with the situation in New England in 1895, when Bowdoin College dropped the

requirement for Greek, it is clear that our position in retaining Latin as an absolute requirement for any

course in college would be more anomalous now than it would have been then to have retained the requirement of Greek. Furthermore, Williams College, the one other college

which gives no degree but A.B., is so situated geographically and so connected traditionally as to be largely 44 BOWDOIN COLLEGE independent of any particular local constituency. Bow- doin College is so located geographically, and so connected traditionally that it must look for its main constituency to schools which, of all in New England, are least able and disposed to present the four, or even three, years of Latin.

It is fair to state that while the vote of the faculty in favor of offering a course leading to the degree of B.S. for admission to which Latin is an optional rather than an absolute requirement was decisive, several members of the faculty whose service to the college gives great weight to their judgment, do not favor the change. Furthermore, I am well aware that statements which I have made in previous reports are apparently inconsistent with my present advocacy of this change. To this my reply is that the practice of three-fourths of the institutions in New England and nine-tenths of the institutions of the country as a whole, materially changes the situation. As a result of this practice, the degree of B.S. has come to stand, not exclusively or chiefly for a technical education, but for a liberal education in some respects different from the classical type. Hence verbal consistency between statements made ten or fifteen years apart about this degree is something that could be expected only of a fossil. These changes are advocated in order to place the college in harmony with the present practice of the great majority of the colleges in New England and throughout the country; to meet the just criticism of the secondary school principals; and to serve in the broadest way the actual demands for higher education in Maine. REPORT OF PRESIDENT 45

Broadening is not lowering our requirements for admission; and an honest administration of these new requirements will not increase our numbers at any- sudden or alarming rate. It will put the college into more cordial and mutually helpful relations with the actual educational forces of Maine. WILLIAM DeWITT HYDE.

Brunswick, Maine, May 25, 1911. : :

Report of the Dean

To the President of Bowdoin College: I have the honor to submit the following report for the year 1910-1911 Enrolment Number of

Students enrolled Dec. 1, 1910 338

Students enrolled May 1, 1911 319 Students withdrawn and removed since Dec. 1 16 Students who have completed the work for their degree 6 Students readmitted and entered 3

Students in Senior Class, Dec. 1, 1910.. 63 May 1, 1911 64

Students in Junior Class, Dec. 1, 1910.. 79 May 1, 1911 81

Students in Sophomore Class, Dec. 1, 1910 71 May 1, 1911 75

Students in Freshman Class, Dec. 1, 1910

First year 85 May 1, 1911 79

Second, Third, and Fourth year 35 May 1, 1911 18

Special Students 5 May 1, 1911 2

Total 338 319 Number of

Students in Medical School, Dec. 1, 1910 67

Students in Medical School, May 1, 1911 67 Number of students advanced in college standing during the year

From Freshman to Sophomore 13 ; to Junior 3

From Sophomore to Junior 3 ; to Senior 3 From Junior to Senior 2

The net loss for the year, 13, is comparatively small, while the actual loss is 4.7 per cent, as against 7.2 per cent, last year. Of the 16 students withdrawn and removed, 4 were dropped for poor scholarship, 1 for REPORT OF DEAN breaking probation and 11 withdrew voluntarily. Since it has become the usual practice of the faculty to drop any student who receives two conditions after receiving a Major Warning,—that is warning of a standing below 65 in two or more subjects,—the small percentage of loss may be taken as an indication of good intellectual work on the part of the undergraduates. The number of Seniors who complete the courses required for the degree at the end of the first semester is increasing ; but students very rarely complete the work for the degree in three years.

Geographical Distribution

CD Percentage .—> CO c3 co © +3 o CO e3 o c3 +^ ^4 4-3 c3 o3 +3 CO p .5 p3 a "35 o "3 A C e3 Q CD o CD CO CO o CD CD w o3 o CD r* c3 o 2 CD IS co o © +a *co co-^ jj CO CO O .s C3 CO +3 +3 +3 c3 CD e3 3 p-H CD o *c3 > W o CO o H *

251 9 1 51 1 4 7 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 338 74 26

The percentage of students from all states other than Maine is 26 against 27.5 last year. Although Bowdoin College will probably continue to draw for some time the larger number of her students from Maine, she needs students from other localities. The number of states represented, 16, is encouraging; but considering the wide distribution of the alumni of the College one would expect a still larger proportion from other states than Maine. In the last five years the number of students from Maine has increased from 231 to 251; the number of students outside of Maine from 50 to 87. Enrolment in Courses

First Semester Second Semester

co CO W W to « to « H o CO W O CO CO g & fl - 3 Subjects K - CO X Ph < cc X o O o H M X O O r> M J GO K M — o <; CO W O < W Ph fe to £ H W Ah to to K H w o P £ Cm X O X « Ph O 1* OQ *» OQ CO H N OQ » VI OQ H

Astronomy 2 6 8 Biology 1, 2 8 8 5 "i* 22 7 8 5 20 3, 4 10 4 .... 14 9 3 .... 12 *i 7 1 1 2 (i 9 23 31 54 1 Botany 10 13 1 24 Chemistry If 2 1 47 8 2 58 1 39 7 1 48 3, 4 3 27 4 34 2 18 4 24 6 5, 2 16 l 19 2 10 12 ii 7, 8 2 8 10 1 7 .... 8 ecial) (Si 1 1 1 1 " (Phys. [Sp.] ) 1 1 1, 2 Economics 71 11 2 2 86 62 28 8 98 3, 4 33 10 43 5 12 7 24 ii 5, 6 35 12 47 2 36 14 52 English 1, 2 81 2 1 1 85 78 2 1 81 3, 4 2 52 6 5 2 67 1 53 11 3 2 70 6 h 1 12 7 .... 20 5 76 1 77 Eng. Lit. 1, 2 a 33 48 5 86 33 49 6 1 89 3, 4 22 41 63 24 40 1 65 French 1, 2 n 20 5 1 2 28 17 3 2 3 25 3, 4 36 13 4 1 1 55 36 19 5 1 61 II 6 5, 2 13 3 1 19 10 4 1 15 II 13, 14 11 5 .... 16 8 2 .... 10 Geology 1, 2 2 6 2 10 4 4 German 1, 2 53 21 6 80 45 19 6 2 .... 72 ii 3, 4 7 32 8 3 50 6 27 7 2 42 ii 5, 6 2 5 1 1 9 3 5 8

Surveying 1, 2 2 1 I 3 L... 2 2 REPORT OF DEAN 49

The table this year shows the division by classes. To some of the older graduates the lack of solidarity in the present college course will seem strange. It may be that our rules for the election of courses are too lax ; and that it would be wiser in some respects for the College to define more closely upper classes and lower classes. It is questionable if any course should be open to Seniors, Juniors and Sophomores. A glance at this table shows how fast class distinctions are vanishing, so far as the intellectual life of the College is concerned; and if there was virtue in the old system of class unity, the College would do well to preserve its best traits.

Entrance Examinations In view of the attention being paid to the ways in which admission to college may be best secured, the following table showing the result of the examinations held at Bowdoin College last June may be of interest.

Result of Entrance Examinations, June 1910 Passed Failed % Passed % Failed Algebra 26 22 54 46 Advanced Algebra 2 100 Chemistry 7 1 S7i 12* English Pt. 1 32 10 76 24 English Pt. 2 19 11 63 37 Elem. French 23 27 46 54 Adv. French 4 14 22 78 Geometry, Plane 30 23 57 43 Geometry, Solid 1 100 German, Elem. 16 16 50 50 German, Adv. 1 7 12* 87* Greek, Elem. 11 3 79 21 Greek, Adv. 7 3 70 30 History, Am. 2 11 15 85 History, English 3 8 27 73 History, Greek 19 21 47* 52i History, Roman 18 15 55 45 Latin, Elem. 38 28 58 42 Latin, Adv. a 11 17 39 61 Latin, Adv. b 6 25 19 81 Trigonometry 1 100 ;

50 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

These examinations were taken by 126 candidates in all, and of these 20 were finally admitted to college. It should, however, be remembered that many of the candidates took the preliminaries, others tried examinations in one or more subjects without expecting to pass ; many others were unable to obtain certificates; and others came from schools which had not the certificate privilege. The standard required for passing these examinations is not unreasonably high; and many instructors feel that they have sinned, if at all, on the side of mercy but perhaps the table shows that there is not the proper co-ordination between school and college, and if that be so, it may be worth while to try the new scheme of entrance examinations, as described in your report.

Entrance Conditions in College

Getting rid of entrance conditions is one of the advantages held out by the new scheme. The following Table shows the percentage of students conditioned in entrance subjects in the five classes that have been most recently admitted.

Number Having Entrance Conditions in Various Classes

Number Number in Percent Conditioned Class Conditioned

1910 28 72 38.9 1911 45 98 45.9 1912 54 115 46.9 1913 54 93 58.1 1914 31 85 36.5

Within the past few years the Faculty has adopted a rule requiring entrance conditions to be cancelled before the beginning of junior year; otherwise the student is dropped from college. This plan has unquestionably worked well. It is often found in college administration that when definite work is expected of a student at a REPORT OF DEAN 51 definite time, and definite penalties are imposed for fail- ure to do such work, that the student rises to meet such obligations. This year all of the men who were given a definite time in which to make good their entrance deficiencies succeeded in passing the examinations set. Much has been said and will, no doubt, continue to be said against entrance conditions; but something may be said in their favor. They unquestionably help to maintain a reasonably high standard of scholarship ; and the objection of overloading a poorly prepared student may be met by the fact that often in life it is necessary to make atonement for past error or past neglect. Occa- sionally a good man is handicapped by having to do work that is for him unprofitable service ; but taking it by and large the system of entrance conditions has not worked so badly in the past.

Number in each Fraternity, December 1, 1910

Fraternity 1911 1912 1913 1914 Special Total

A A 12 6 9 5 32 b. e. n 11 11 4 11 37

A. K. E 8 12 14 9 43

A Y 8 15 15 8 46

K. 2 6 12 8 9 1 36 e. a. x 4 7 10 10 1 32

*. T 9 6 6 6 27

9 8 9 10 36

6 14 11 15 ....3.... 49 Non-Fraternity . . . 73 91 87 83 5 339

The large number of men who belong to no fraternity presents a difficult problem for the College to solve. 52 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

Fifteen per cent, of the undergraduates are to-day without the advantages that the social life of the fraternity presents; and that they are without its disadvantages is not sufficient atonement. It is unfortunate that so large a group should be without the kind of life that the small college can so well furnish. It is difficult to say in just what way the proper facilities may be furnished to the non-fraternity men. It might be well for the College to furnish some sort of a home for them until a non-fraternity organization could be set on its own feet. If a house could be secured by the College and turned over to the non-fraternity men for club purposes, the College as a corporation would be doing something to strengthen the life of those undergraduates who have no fraternity affiliations.

Absences From Classes

3 T3 CU u co £ o 3 CO a 3 O 3 CO u o CO 3 - U CO CO en a 3 «o u O 2 s CO 3 CO 3 a *> a o Hi E o c 3 3 2 A 3 " o O CO o ,D i- 3 u U a CO ^ CO fe u •a CO 3 3 w > w > « > o u fc N P H W 13 H £ << < < <

1911 58 400 577 977 6.9 9.9 16.8 276 4.8 1.4 2.10 3.5 1912 90 441 852 1293 4.9 9.5, 14.4 438 4.8 1.0 2.00 3.0 1913 81 274 675 949 3.4 8.3 11.7 385 4.75 0.8 1.80 2.6 1914 75 259 428 687 3.4 5.71 9.1 374 5.00 0.6 1.20 1.8 vSpecials 2 15 8 23 7.5 4.011.5 8 4.00 1.9 1.00 2.9 Men who 23 116 290 406 5.0 12.6 17.6 120 5.20 1.0 2.40 3.46 have left College

Total 329 1505 2830 4335 4.5 8.6 13.1 1601 4.9 .9 1.75 2.65

These tables present the number of absences from class taken during the first Semester of the current college year. All cuts that have been handed into the office by instructors are here included; absences not REPORT OF DEAN 53 handed in, or received too late to record, have not been counted as cuts. In a way the table is self explanatory. It shows that the number of cuts is less among the Fresh- men, as is perfectly proper; and is largest among the Seniors, as would be naturally expected. It also gives the office moral support by indicating that the men who have, for one reason or another, left college, and who are presumably less steady than their mates, furnished the largest number of unexcused cuts per man. The present system has been in operation for five years. In brief, it places responsibility and authority in the hands of one officer of the College. Attendance is required of every undergraduate at all college exercises, and any student may be called to the office at any time to explain any cut. Cuts taken immediately before or after vacations render a student liable to probation. A student who is, in the judgment of the Dean, cutting excessively, is first warned ; then placed on probation ; then, if incor- rigible, dismissed. A man who is reasonably careful of his absences need not come to the office at all. Absences are marked as excused when a student is ill; when he is representing the College on an organization for which leave of absence has been given by the Faculty ; and for other necessary cause; but a student who has a large number of excused absences may be told not to cut again. In the administration of this portion of the duties of the

Dean's office, the most difficult task is to impress upon the undergraduates the advisability of placing his college tasks first. Again and again a student will ask for- giveness for negligence or demand as an inalienable right the privilege of handing in postponed exercises, although, were he in the employ of a business firm, he would not dream of being treated with so much indulgence. Nobody wants to turn the College into a 54 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

business house ; but there is need of more and more firm- ness in dealing with delinquencies that come from excessive absences or from postponement of work, to impress the need of putting the intellectual side of college first. If this is done the College cheerfully acqui- esces in football games, dramatics, dances and all the other multifarious activities of the undergraduate world.

If it is not done, the College is sending out graduates without a sense of responsibility and without a knowledge of the value of doing a task honestly and on time.

To impress this simple truth on undergraduates is by far the most important part of the work of the office.

To-day it requires, unfortunately, far more time than can at present be given to it; but I cannot let this opportunity pass without speaking of the co-operation given by the students themselves when they feel the necessity of being strict with themselves or their mates. If a student is on probation, his friends are usually careful not to hinder his work, and that is some-

thing ; and the co-operation given by the fraternities here to the office of the College in their efforts to keep up standards, particularly with the Freshmen, is a matter for cordial recognition. I shall by the end of the year have held conferences with each member of the Freshman Class with regard to his studies for the succeeding years. These conferences have lasted twenty minutes. The Freshman brings in for criticism a list of courses which he thinks that he may take during his Sophomore, Junior and Senior years. He is advised strongly to distribute his work

in the following major groups : Classics ; Modern Languages and Literature; History and Economics; Mathematics and Science; Philosophy and Psychology:

and is advised in general to select some course in each of :

REPORT OF DEAN 55

these groups. It is made clear to him that there is no regulation impelling him to choose so. It might be bet-

ter if there were. But the object has been to connect the work of his Freshman year with what follows, and to try- to get him interested in his college course as a whole, and not as a hap-hazard selection of courses without unity or progress.

Dormitories

As Chairman of the Board of Proctors I have had charge of the supervision of the dormitories. The following Table shows the residence of the men now in college

Number of men rooming in dormitories 179 Number of men rooming in Chapter houses 115 Number of men rooming in private houses 31 Number of men rooming at home 13

Total 338

In the main, order in the dormitories has been good during the year, and the care bestowed upon them by the Committee on Buildings and Grounds and by the head janitor has been of decided advantage in securing decent respect for college property.

Scholarship and Student Life

Much has been written during the past year about the poor work of fraternity men, and in many of our

larger institutions it has been pointed out that men belonging to fraternities stand much lower in scholar-

ship than those who do not. It is the experience of this office, however, that the fraternities are interested in the question of scholarship, and render much effective aid to 56 BOWDOIN COLLEGE the college authorities along the lines of scholarship. During the year the "Friars," a Junior society, offered a cup to be competed for by the different fraternities, the award to be made on the basis of scholarship. This cup was won this year by the Delta Upsilon fraternity; and it is an interesting fact that the non-fraternity men, who were grouped together, made a poorer showing than seven of the fraternities. The fraternities are interested in keeping their freshmen up to the mark, and when a man is warned for deficiency in scholarship, usually his fraternity mates are informed of the fact by the office, and almost invariably help in straightening the man out. There are, of course, some distractions connected with the fraternities that interfere with scholarship ; but on the whole, here at Bowdoin, the system is of decided benefit in maintaining the intellectual standards of the College.

Awards with Distinction

During the year the faculty has increased the requirements for degrees with distinction. Commencing with the class of 1912, the degree summa cum laude shall be awarded to all students seven-eighths of whose grades are A, instead of three-fourths as at present: Magna cum laude, to all students three-fourths of whose grades are A and another one-eighth of whose grades are B, instead of one-half A's as at present; and cum laude, to all students seven-eighths of whose grades are

? either A or B, instead of three-fourths A's and B s as at present. This change is made in order to give awards with distinction more real meaning. REPORT OF DEAN 57

Scholarship and Outside Activities

It has always been held that one of the advantages of the small college is that it gives its students better opportunity for development as all-around men, and does not lead so much to specialization. An interesting sub- stantiation of this fact is found in an examination of the college honors won by the men who have graduated summa cum laude in the last ten years. Of these 47 men, 9 have been class presidents, 4 vice-presidents, 6 class secretaries, 10 managers of major teams, 3 captains of teams, 10 members of teams, 8 editors of the college papers, 5 editors-in-chief, 4 leaders of musical clubs, 8 members of musical clubs, 1 popular man. With the exception of the small number of high scholars who have attained the class honor of popular man, the record is striking evidence of the fact that scholarship does not interfere with outside activities however much outside activities may interfere with scholarship. Certainly no other group selected at random from the lower divisions of the class would show better results.

Scholarship and Success in Life

The topic of the relation between a man's success in college and his success in life is very much in the fore- ground just at present, and in order to present some facts of interest the following investigation has been made by the office. A list of 25 prominent and representative graduates of the College was made and submitted for criticism to the President, the Librarian and another member of the faculty. The list includes no living graduate, and in fact no one graduated within the

last fifty years ; and it is not meant in any way to represent the most prominent graduates of the College, but 58 BOWDOIN COLLEGE only undoubtedly prominent graduates. The result of the standing of these men is as follows:

'15—Evans, George—In first three, in class of 8 '20—Abbott, Jacob—Below sixth, " " " 12 '22—Appleton, John—Third, " " " 24 '23—Fessenden, William Pitt—Did not graduate. '24—Pierce, Franklin—Fifth or Sixth, in class of 15 '25—Hawthorne, Nathaniel—Below 26th," " " 39 '25—Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth—Fourth, 39 '25—Abbott, John S. C.—Below 12th, 39 '26—Prentiss, Seargent Smith—Eighth, " 31 '27—Hale, John Parker—Below eighth, " 33 '29—McCullough, Hugh—Did not graduate. '32—Goodwin, Daniel Baynes—First, 27 '33—Harris, Samuel—In first five, 26 '34—Hamlin, Cyrus—First, 36 " '34—Smith, Henry Boynton—In first six, 36 '37—Andrew, John Albion—Below 21st, " 43 " '37—Barker, Benj. Fordyce—Below 17th, 43 '40—Kellogg, Elijah—Below 18th, 31 '40—Abbot, Ezra—In first seven, 31 '48—Smyth, Egbert Coffin—In first six, " 34 '50—Howard, Oliver Otis—Below 10th, " 32 '50—Everett, Charles Carroll—In first two, 32 '53—Fuller, Melville Weston—Second, 26 '60—Reed, Thomas Brackett—Fifth, 55 '61—Packard, Alpheus Spring—Below 28th, 52'

There is comfort here for nearly everyone, for genius sometimes is at the top of the class, sometimes near the bottom, and sometimes is not graduated; but the inter- REPORT OF DEAN 59

esting fact is this : that of the 25 men on the list, more than one-half are in the upper third of their class, 8 in the second third, and 2 only in the lower third. It will thus be seen that in general the list seems to show that there is some connection between a man's work and standing in college and what he does in after life. As a matter of record the following list of first scholars is given. Until the Class of 1860, it is not possible in every case to state exactly which of the two men given was the highest scholar in the class. A good many of the men in the list have acquired no more than local fame, but a very large majority of them have decidedly won distinction in their profession.

Class of 1806 Isaac F. Coffin—Teacher. Benjamin Titcomb—Clergyman.

Class of 1807 Charles S. Davies—Lawyer; Maine Senate. Seth Storer—Lawyer.

Class of 1808 Enos Merrill—Clergyman. Alfred Johnson—Lawyer.

Class of 1809. Nathan Lord—Clergyman; President of Dartmouth College. Benjamin Randal—Lawyer; Maine Senate; United States Congress.

Class of 1810 Robert Page—Clergyman. Frederick Southgate—Tutor. "60 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

Class of 1811 John Merrill—Mass. Senator; Judge of Court of Sessions. Asa Redington—Lawyer; Judge of District Court.

Class of 1812 George Lamson—Newspaper Publisher. William Pillsbury—Law Student. Died 1815.

Class of 1813 Nathan D. Appleton—Lawyer; Maine House of Rep- resentatives; Maine Senate; Attorney General; Candi- date for Congress. Rufus K. Porter—Lawyer.

Class of 1814 Stephen Emery—Lawyer; Attorney General; Judge of District Court. Samuel Hale—Merchant and Manufacturer.

Class of 1815 Solomon Thayer—Lawyer. John A. Vaughan—Clergyman; Professor at Pro- testant Episcopal Divinity School, Philadelphia, Pa.

Class of 1816 Alpheus S. Packard—Professor and Acting Presi- dent of Bowdoin. John S. Tenney—Lawyer; Maine House of Repre- sentatives; Maine Senate; Chief Justice of Maine Supreme Court. Class of 1817 Samuel Johnson—Clergyman. Charles Packard—Lawyer; Clergyman. REPORT OF DEAN 61

Class of 1818 Benjamin Hale—Professor; President of Hobart College. Seba Smith—Editor, Author.

Class of 1819

John L. Megquier—Lawyer ; Maine Senate. James Stackpole—Lawyer; Maine House of Repre- sentatives.

Class of 1820 William J. Farley—Lawyer. Josiah H. Hobbs—Lawyer.

Class of 1821 "William Cutter—Merchant; Literary Work. Lot Jones—Clergyman. Joseph Howard—Lawyer; United States District Attorney; Judge of Supreme Court.

Class of 1822 William Smyth—Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Bowdoin. Noah Tibbetts—Lawyer; Circuit Judge.

Class of 1823 John Crosby—Clergyman. William J. Read—Lawyer.

Class of 1824 Calvin E. Stowe—Professor and Author. Zenas Caldwell—Teacher. 62 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

Class of 1825 Josiah S. Little—Lawyer; Speaker of Maine House of Representatives. Samuel P. Benson—Lawyer; State Senator; United States Legislature.

Class of 1826

Samuel S. Boyd—Lawyer; Judge of Supreme Court of Mississippi. James S. Rowe—Lawyer.

Class of 1827 John S. Abbott—Lawyer; Maine House of Repre- sentatives; Attorney General. Joseph H. Dorr—Physician.

Class of 1828 William C. Larrabee—Professor; State Superin- tendent of Schools, Indiana. Henry W. Fuller—Lawyer; Clerk of United States Circuit Court.

Class of 1829 Phineas Barnes—Professor; Lawyer; Maine House of Representatives; Maine Senate. George Coffin—Died in 1830.

Class of 1830 Nathan Munroe—Clergyman; Editor. Henry Waldron—Merchant and Importer. Bion Bradbury—Lawyer.

Class of 1831 Samuel Adams—Professor. Joseph Packard—Professor. — ;

REPORT OF DEAN 63

Class of 1832

Daniel R. Goodwin—Professor ; President of Trinity Provost of University of Pennsylvania. John E. Patten—Lawyer.

Class of 1833 William H. Allen—Professor; President of Girard and Pennsylvania State College. Samuel H. Shepley—Pastor and Teacher.

Class of 1834 Cyrus Hamlin—President of Robert College, Con-

stantinople ; Professor ; President of Middlebury. Charles W. Thomas—Physician.

Class of 1835 Bbenezer Dole George L. Prentiss—Pastor and Professor.

Class of 1836 Nathan Cole—Clergyman and Editor. Jotham Donnell—Physician, State Senator.

Class of 1837

John J. Butler—Professor. Bryce M. Patten—Supt. State Institute of Blind,

Ky. ; Farmer. Class of 1838 Nathaniel L. Sawyer —Lawyer. Benjamin Mead—Professor.

Class of 1839

Ichabod Goodwin—Lawyer; Teacher; U. S. Civil Service. Benjamin A. G. Fuller—Lawyer. —

64 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

Class of 1840 John K. True—Teacher. Benjamin P. Chute

Class of 1841 Richard B. Thurston—Clergyman. William C. Nichols—Died in 1842.

Class of 1842 Henry H. Boody—Professor; Maine Senate; Maine

House of Representatives ; Banker . Samuel Trask—Lawyer and Merchant.

Class of 1843 George B. Little—Clergyman. John M. Mitchell—Clergyman.

Class of 1844 Henry K. Craig—Clergyman. Charles W. Goddard—Lawyer; Pres. State Senate; U. S. Consul Gen.; Judge of Superior Court; Professor.

Class of 1845 Moses M. Butler—Mayor of Portland; Maine House of Representatives. James H. Deering—Merchant.

Class of 1846 Charles A. Spofford—Lawyer; Maine Senate; Speaker Maine Legislature. Joseph C. Pickard—Professor.

Class of 1847 John C. Smith—Clergyman. William C. Marshall—Lawyer. REPORT OF DEAN 65

Class of 1848 Egbert C. Smyth—Professor in Theological Seminary. Edward W. Morton—Physician.

Class of 1849 Lincoln F. Emerson—Teacher. George A. Perkins—Professor and Clergyman.

Class of 1850 Charles C. Everett—Professor; Librarian; Clergy- man. Thomas R. Smith—Lawyer.

Class of 1851 William A. Packard—Professor. George A. Pollard—Clergyman.

Class of 1852 Joshua L. Chamberlain—Professor; President of Bowdoin; Major General U. S. Army; Governor of Maine; U. S. Surveyor Customs. John "W. Chickering—Clergyman and Professor.

Class of 1853 John B. Southgate—Clergyman. Melville W. Fuller—Lawyer; Chief Justice of the United States. Class of 1854 William L. Symonds—Literary Work. John F. Deane—Teacher and Lawyer.

Class of 1855 William L. Putnam—Lawyer; Judge U. S. Circuit Court. Charles Titcomb—Lawyer. 66 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

Class of 1856

Edwin B. Palmer—Clergyman; Chaplain in U. S. Army. Moses M. Robinson—Captain in Army and Lawyer.

Class of 1857 Robert M. Spearing—Officer in Confederate Army. Samuel C. Belcher—Captain and Major in Army; Lawyer. Class of 1858 Lysander Hill—Captain in U. S. Army; Lawyer; Judge Circuit Court. Sewall C. Charles—Died in War.

Class of 1859 Henry M. King—Clergyman.

Stephen J. Young—Professor ; Maine Senate.

Class of 1860 Nicholas E. Boyd—Clergyman.

Class of 1861 Wellington R. Cross—Clergyman.

Class of 1862 Edward N. Packard—Asst. Professor; Clergyman.

Class of 1863 Newman Smyth—Lieut. U. S. Army; Clergyman.

Class of 1864

Charles F. Libby—Lawyer ; Maine Senate ; President of American Bar Association. REPORT OF DEAN 67

Class of 1865 Moses C. Stone—Physician.

Class of 1866 John A. C. Fellows—Tutor.

Class of 1867 George T. Sewall—Lawyer.

Class of 1868 John A. Hinkley—Manufacturer.

Class of 1869 Oscar F. A. Greene—Professor; Maine Senate; Lawyer. Class of 1870 Purdus E. Melcher—Teacher; Life Insurance.

Class of 1871 Kingsbury Bachelder—Professor.

Class of 1872 Herbert Harris—Composer and Music Teacher.

Class of 1873 Augustus F. Moulton—Lawyer.

Class of 1874 Samuel V. Cole—Clergyman; President of Wheaton Seminary.

. Class of 1875 Edwin H. Hall—Professor.

Class of 1876 John A. Morrill—Lawyer. 68 bowdoin college

Class of 1877 George T. Little—Librarian.

Class of 1878 Barrett Potter—Lawyer; Maine Senate.

Class of 1879

James C. Tarbox—Lawyer ; Judge District Court.

Class of 1880 Frederick W. Hall—Lawyer.

Class of 1881 Charles H. Cutler—Clergyman.

Class of 1882

Melvin S. Holway—Lawyer.

Class of 1883 William A. Perkins—Teacher.

Class of 1884 Charles C. Torrey—Professor.

Class of 1885 Boyd Bartlett—Teacher.

Class of 1886 Frederick L. Smith—Teacher.

Class of 1887 Austin Cary—Forestry Expert.

Class of 1888

Albert W. Tolman—Asst. Professor ; Lawyer, Author. REPORT OF DEAN 69

Class op 1889 George T. Files—Professor.

Class of 1890 Warren R. Smith—Professor.

Class of 1891 Henry E. Cutts—Chemist.

Class of 1892 Henry C. Emery—Professor; Chairman Tariff Com- mission. Leon M. Fobes—Merchant. Harry F. Linscott—Professor. Earl B. Wood—Clergyman.

Class of 1893 George S. Chapin—Teacher.

Class of 1894 Edgar M. Simpson—Lawyer; Asst. Prof. U. of M. Law School. Class of 1895 Harvey W. Thayer—Preceptor, Princeton.

Class of 1896 Homer R. Blodgett—Business.

Class of 1897 Archie S. Harriman—Teacher.

Class of 1898 William W. Lawrence—Adjunct Professor in Columbia.

Class of 1899 Edward B. Chamberlain—Teacher. 70 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

Class of 1900 Clifford S. Bragdon—Teacher.

Class of 1901

Kenneth C. M. Sills—Professor ; Dean, Bowdoin College. Class of 1902 Ralph B. Stone—Instructor.

Class of 1903

Clement F. Robinson—Lawyer ; Sec. Maine Tax Com- mission. Class of 1904 Marshall P. Cram—Asst. Professor. Samuel T. Dana—U. S. Forest Service.

Conclusion

In concluding this, my first annual report, I wish to give expression to the debt that the College owes to the men who have during the last twenty years organized the work in the office so that now things are run smoothly and easily. To Professor William MacDonald, now at Brown, to Professor Files and to Professor Burnett (for- merly Registrars), a great deal of credit is due. The evolution of this administrative side of the College during the last twenty-five years would be a very interesting

study ; and a large amount of time must have been given to working out the petty details in so efficient a manner that whoever is in charge of the office now finds his task on the routine side comparatively easy. I wish also to say that although I have used many tables and statistics in this report, I feel very strongly that the most important part of the Dean's work consists of informal inter- views with the undergraduates.

Respectfully submitted,

KENNETH C. M. SILLS, Dean.

Brunswick, Maine, 10 May, 1911. Report of the Librarian of Bowdoin College

In accordance with the laws of the College, the librarian presents to the Visiting Committee his twenty- eighth annual report for the year ending 10 May, 1911.

Size and Growth The number of volumes now in the library, inclusive of 5,000 belonging to the Medical School of Maine, is 101,035. The accessions for the past twelve months have been 3,108; of these 1,245 were purchased at an average cost of $2.24 ; 31 were obtained by exchange ; 448 came from binding periodicals, and 1,384 were given by various donors. As heretofore the Appendix to this report gives an itemized statement of the growth of the collection during the year and its contents by the different classes in which it is arranged.

Purchases Among the purchases may be noted the Acts of the Privy Council of England 34v. completing to date the set presented to the library over seventy years ago by the Record Commission of Great Britain; the eleventh edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica ; the Cyclopedia of education and the Encyclopaedia of religion and ethics as far as these have been issued; Beilstein, Erganzunds- bande zum handbuch der chemie; Richter, Lexikon der kohlenstoffverbindungen ; Steinmeyer, Die a 1 1 h o c h- deutschen glossen ; Farrand, Records U. S. constitutional convention ; Gawin Douglas, Poetical works. 72 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

Gifts

Our largest gift of books was the chemical library of the late Professor Franklin C. Robinson, LL.D., presented by his widow. This contained upwards of 400 volumes, a considerable portion of which were, of course, duplicates. Another notable gift was the large collection of finely bound periodicals on electricity, numbering over 100 volumes, given by Charles L. Clarke, M.S., Class of 1875. These sets cover the period in which such great advances have been made in the applications of electricity and are a valued addition to resources for the historical study of science. From Miss Persis N. Andrews of Paris Hill the library has received nine volumes and 150 pamphlets and broadsides, and from Hubbard W. Bryant, Esq., of Portland, ten volumes and ninety pamphlets, each gift of service in rounding out our Maine Collection. Prof. George T. Files has given 23 volumes of the International studio. Professor Isaac B. Choate has given numerous volumes of current literature and General Thomas H. Hubbard many valued books on Arctic exploration. Several graduates never visit their Alma Mater without leaving some testimonial of their regard, usually with the injunction to say nothing about it, but the librarian cannot with propriety omit reference to the gift in money of Mr. William L. Black

of Hammonton, N. J., which has enabled the library to secure books otherwise beyond its reach.

New Book Funds

The library has this year for the first time enjoyed in part the income of four funds, given in previous years, and now invested together with others, under the head of Consolidated Library Funds. They are the Class of 1877 Fund, the Class of 1890 Fund, and the REPORT OF LIBRARIAN 73

Class of 1901 Fund, each approximately $1,000 in amount, and the Fiske Library Fund of $1,000, established by the will of Rev. John Orr Fiske, D.D., of the Class of 1837. A notable accession to our library funds is one of $5,000, established by the will of William Alfred Pack- ard, Ph.D., D.D., of the Class of 1851. This fund will bear his name. In accord with his wishes its income will be used "preferably for the purchase of such books as illustrate the Greek and Latin languages and liter- atures." The library deems it an honor that a son of Bowdoin's venerated librarian and professor of ancient languages should thus provide within its walls a memorial of the family name, both enduring in its character and helpful to future generations of college students.

Financial Statement

The contents of the itemized bills on file at the Treas- urer 's office are roughly classified below, to show the character of the expenditures and the sources of the income of the library. RECEIPTS Annual appropriation $1,500 00 Consolidated Library Funds 2,055 00 Hubbard Library Fund 2,000 00 Keading-Room Association 480 00 Gift of W. L. Black, Esq., Class of 1888 25 00

$6,060 00 EXPENDITURES Books $2,790 00 Periodicals and serials 580 00 Binding 500 00 Library supplies 290 00 74 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

Express and freight 115 00 Desk clerk 600 00 Janitor and supplies for building 600 00 Furniture 280 00 Repairs 150 00 Card catalogue 155 00

$6,060 00 Maintenance of the Library

For the maintenance of the library the librarian requests the same amount that has been at his disposal the past year, viz., the customary appropriation of $1,500 from the general income of the college, and the proceeds of the various library funds, the latter to be expended in accordance with the conditions under which they are held in trust. The income from the Hubbard Fund, the largest of these, was last year specifically appropriated as follows, janitor and supplies for the building $600, desk clerk $600, repairs and furniture $800. The same division is recommended for the ensuing year. It has been found by experience that the last mentioned sum is not too large for the expenditures demanded by a wise and far-sighted economy. By the delay of the manufacturers certain pieces of furniture ordered this spring were not received in time to be included in this year's account. For this reason the items mentioned in the table of expenditures do not aggregate the sum deemed necessary, while the amount spent for books is decidedly greater than in previous years. Catalogue There have been inserted in the catalogue this year 16,218 standard size cards. Of these 6,248 were for new accessions; 9,970 replaced small cards. Of the REPORT OF LIBRARIAN 75 cards added for new accessions 4,588 were bought of the Library of Congress, 413 were printed cards bought of the A. L. A. Publishing Board, and 1,247 were typewritten. Of the 9,970 cards which replaced small cards 3,514 were bought of the Library of Congress, and 6,456 were typewritten. Of these typewritten cards 2,630 were copied during the summer vacation by an extra assistant, and 3,714 were copied during the summer vacation and the college year by two student assistants. The last number would have been greater had the young men been able to give the same amount of time as in previous years. The decision, made in 1904, to change our catalogue to cards of standard size, has been indirectly justified the past year by the determination of the Harvard Uni- versity Library to do the same with its far greater and more elaborate catalogue. Harvard proposes to use printed cards entirely, employing as far as practicable, those already issued by the Library of Congress and the John Crerar Library. The cards thus* printed will be sold and this library has subscribed for a set relating to books printed in English. It is believed that this addition to our bibliographical resources will be warranted, especially in view of the generosity of the university library in loaning books to other institutions.

Quality versus Quantity This year our library has joined the number of those that have over 100,000 volumes. These books cover upwards of two miles of shelving. In bulk, at least, they furnish ample reading matter for the limited number of students and teachers for whom the library is primarily maintained. The librarian wishes these 100,- 000 books to be the best possible 100,000 for the college ;

^6 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

to own and use. To put the matter less ambitiously, he is striving to improve the quality of the collection under his charge. As far as is known the library has no bad books nor indeed any books that seemed useless at the time of their reception. Yet it is inevitable that, during the lapse of a century many of the most carefully selected purchases, and a considerable portion of the miscella- neous gifts of a thousand different donors, have ceased to serve the purpose for which they were bought or accepted. In certain departments these books by their number and bulk obscure, if they do not even conceal their more trustworthy companions of lesser age and dignity. It is, therefor^, proposed to enter upon a definite policy of segregation,—in some rare cases of entire removal from the library,—that will leave in the stack in each class and division only those volumes which reason and experience indicate as likely to be of service to present or future students and teachers. This proposed action is akin in priciple to that which places in the reference arid periodical rooms the twenty thousand volumes most useful to the undergraduates and each year replaces a hundred or more of these with better or more useful books. It is obvious that the cost of administration can be lessened as well as the convenience of our patrons increased, if certain classes of books rarely consulted, are compactly shelved in the accessible and fairly well lighted rooms of the basement of the library. The classes referred to may, in a general way. be char- acterized as those useful only to the student of the history of a science or of a subject, rather than of the science or of the subject itself. Such obviously are old text-books and treatises in the natural sciences and the applied arts, and superseded editions of standard authors. REPORT OF LIBRARIAN 77

Hand in hand with this segragation or removal of the- older books it is planned to purchase, if not already owned, and to indicate in the catalogue by special cards, the best books on the subject examined. A single illus- tration will make my meaning clear. The eleventh edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica is received this year and goes to the Reference Room. It displaces the- tenth edition which retires to the stack room. Here it finds a half shelf occupied by thirteen volumes of Alden's Manifold cyclopaedia of knowledge and language published in 1887-1889 and never completed. It was given us volume by volume at the time of publica- tion but has never been of recorded service. The Library of Congress has a set more complete than ours which can be borrowed in case of need and therefore I feel warranted in reclaiming the space occupied by this useless set for the increasing store of encyclopaedias kept for historical purposes.

GEORGE T. LITTLE, Librarian.

Hubbard Hall, 10 May, 1911. Report of the Librarian of the Medical School

The librarian of the Medical School of Maine sub- mits the following as his fourteenth annual report for the year ending 10 May, 1911. The library numbers 5,000 volumes. Duplicates to the same number as the accessions were permanently removed from the library. The volumes removed were mainly United States governmental reports of no service in this collection and of no pecuniary value. The accessions of the year have been 78 volumes, of which 48 were gifts and 30 were purchases. Foremost among the gifts should be mentioned sixteen volumes of the American Journal of Physiology and ten volumes of the American Journal of Anatomy, from Dr. Charles D. Smith. The New Hampshire medical society presented us with sixteen volumes of its Transactions. Dr. F. N. Whittier has continued his gifts of current periodicals and occasional papers. The purchases of the year include recent volumes of the Harvey society lectures; Peterson and Haines,

Text-book of legal medicine ; the latest edition of Clowes and Coleman, Quantitative chemical anlaysis; Polk's Medical register; Lippincott's New medical dictionary; and Ogden, Clinical examination of the urine. By the kind assistance of Dr. Walter E. Tobie our department of anatomy was made more complete by the purchase of the following: M'Lachlan, Applied anatomy, 4th edition; Piersol, Human anatomy; Bardeleben and REPORT OF LIBRARIAN 79

Haeckel, Atlas of applied human anatomy; Cunning-

ham, Text-book of anatomy, 3d edition ; Campbell, Text- book of surgical anatomy; and Quain, Elements of anatomy, 11th edition. The pamphlet entitled " Names and addresses of the living graduates and former students of the Medical School of Maine, chronologically arranged, with a geographical index," for which provision was made last year has been printed and distributed to the alumni. It contains 81 pages and includes the names of 886 graduates and 1028 former students. With it were sent printed blanks asking for a somewhat full biographical account of each individual. The librarian would here express his gratitude to those who have filled out and returned these blanks, and especially to those who have assisted him in tracing the former students, whose places of residence are in many cases unknown.

It is requested that the usual appropriation for books be made for the ensuing year and that, if possible, a similar amount be made available for the care and cata- loguing of the collection in the Medical Building at Portland. GEORGE T. LITTLE, Librarian.

Hubbard Hall, 10 May, 1911. APPENDIX

The Library as Classified, Showing Accessions for the

Period From May 1, 1910 to May 1, 1911

»4 T3 pj bfl "3 Divisions > O • l-H o in Z m o < H

Bibliography, 010 19 9 28 951 Library economy, 020 11 5 16 517 General encyclopaedias, 030 15 15 751 General collected essays, 040 10 10 33 General periodicals, 050 139 17 156 5,632 General societies, 060 1 1 165 Newspapers, 070 28 28 869 Special libraries, 080 367 Book rarities, 090 60 Philosophy, 100 10 1 11 217 Metaphysics, 110 36 Special metaphysical topics, 120 41 Mind and body, 130 4 1 5 233 Philosophical systems, 140 1 1 23 Psychology, 150 8 8 319 Logic, 160 1 1 2 76 Ethics, 170 20 4 24 671 Ancient philosophers, 180 5 5 51 Modern philosophers, 190 13 13 586 Religion, 200 14 10 24 1,623 Natural theology, 210 300 Bible, 220 26 6 32 1,683 Doctrinal theology, 230 7 2 9 882 Practical and devotional, 240 7 7 377 Homiletical, pastoral, parochial, 250 28 1 29 786 Church, institutions, work, 260 24 2 26 770 Religious history, 270 4 4 729 REPORT OF LIBRARIAN 81

Christian churches and sects, 280 14 4 18 819 Non- Christian religions, 290 4 2 6 216 Sociology, 300 37 37 661 Statistics, 310 2 3 5 607 Political science, 320 33 43 76 2,622 Political economy, 330 49 84 133 2,045 Law, 340 34 26 60 2,005 Administration, 350 39 63 102 1,535 Associations and institutions, 360 5 18 23 720 Education, 370 56 79 135 2,947 Commerce and communication, 380 15 63 78 1,016 Customs, costumes, folk lore, 390 2 2 155 Philology, 400 6 3 9 306 Comparative, 410 73 English, 420 8 8 309

German, 430 39 1 40 295 French, 440 4 4 174 Italian, 450 5 5 40 Spanish, 460 44 Latin, 470 5 2 7 318 Greek, 480 3 3 226 Minor languages, 490 134 Natural science, 500 18 14 32 2,080 Mathematics, 510 12 5 17 1,025 Astronomy, 520 6 11 17 1,010 Physics, 530 15 115 130 549 Chemistry, 540 15 159 174 785 Geology, 550 5 90 95 1,105 Paleontology, 560 1 1 53 Biology 570 5 18 23 472 Botany, 580 4 13 17 559 Zoology, 590 13 27 40 1,419 Useful Arts, 600 8 11 19 585 Medicine, 610 34 104 138 5,376 Engineering, 620 1 23 24 572 Agriculture, 630 1 64 65 811 Domestic economy, 640 1 1 27 Communication and commerce, 650 2 3 5 137 Chemical technology, 660 25 25 127 Manufactures, 670 2 9 11 76 Mechanic trades, 680 1 1 4 82 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

Building, 690 1 1 22 Fine arts, 700 5 25 30 398 Landscape gardening, 710 102 Architecture, 720 2 5 7 143 Sculpture, 730 3 3 107 Drawing, design, decoration, 740 49 Painting, 750 3 5 8 294 Engraving, 760 16 Photography, 770 4 4 48 Music, 780 1 3 4 124 Amusements, 790 2 8 10 346 Literature, 800 33 4 37 929 American, 810 91 19 110 3,701 English, 820 82 4 86 3,926 German, 830 57 3 60 2,078 French, 840 29 7 36 2,861 Italian, 850 34 34 638 Spanish, 860 1 1 209 Latin, 870 29 3 32 1,633 Greek, 880 18 2 20 1,238 Minor Languages, 890 187 History, 900 18 18 952 Geography and description, 910 61 33 94 4,438 Biography, 920 55 40 95 1,338 Ancient history, 930 7 1 8 592 Modern history, Europe, 940 32 32 2,679 Asia, 950 2 2 144 Africa, 960 74 North America, 970 48 38 86 1,692 South America, 980 81 Oceanica and polar regions, 990 1 4 5 82 Alumni collection, 2 6 8 1,219 Maine collection, 72 79 151 3,106 U. S. documents, 85 85 5,302 Report of the Curator of the Art Collections

To the President of Bowdoin College: The Curator of the Art Collections has the honor to submit the following report for the year ending April 30, 1911. The following additions have been made to the Art Collections by gift:

Gifts

Gold Coin of First French Republic, twenty-franc piece, twelfth year of the Republic. Given by Francis R. Upton, Esq., Bowd. '75.

Confederate Five-Dollar Bill, 1864. Given by R. M. Hubbard, Esq.

Two modern Italian coins. Given by Professor M. P. Cram. Chinese carved Ivory Card-case. Chinese carved Fan. Chinese eight-sided Shell Case, incised, silver-mounted. Steel Engraving of Samuel Moody, Esq. Given by Miss Susan P. Cary.

Worsted-work : Hagar and Ishmael, made in 1860 by Mrs. Amy B. Hoag. Given by Miss Ruth H. Heald, in memory of her nephew, Eugene Thomas Minott, Bowd. '98. Peucinian Society Badge of Chandler Robbins, M.D., Bowd. '15. Given by his daughter, Miss Harriett L. Robbins. 84 BOWDOIN COLLEGE

Oil Portrait of President William DeWitt Hyde, by John W. Alexander. Given by Alumni of the College.

Copy of Oil-Painting: Vuillefroy, "Return of the Herd," made by Mrs. Caleb Saunders. Bequeathed by Mrs. Saunders.

Photograph of Mrs. Annie Talbot Cole. Given by Mrs. Esther B. Talbot.

Loans

Porcelain: Two Spode Plates, six Cups and Saucers, Bowl, and Tea-pot. Two oldest Ginori Saucers, with landscape decoration. Two modern Ginori Cups and Saucers, white and gold. Lowestoft Plate. Loaned by Miss Harriet A. Shaw.

Oil Portrait of Franklin Richardson, Esq., by his Daughter, Miss Mary N. Richardson. Loaned by Miss Richardson.

Administration

The work of cleaning and repairing certain can- vases of the college collection has been continued by Mr. Albert E. Moore. The paintings concerned are Nos. 158, 201 and 349.

The wall-space in the Boyd Gallery is now nearly full,

and it seems necessary to limit the exhibition of copies of works of art in this room. The North Basement Room will furnish facilities for showing the collections of photographs and other illustrative material which the REPORT OF CURATOR OF ART COLLECTIONS 85 college now lacks, but could well use for its educational purposes. The Curator has given to undergraduates the usual series of explanatory talks on the Building and its contents. The number of those visiting the Art Building in the last calendar year is 8,041.

Very respectfully submitted,

HENRY JOHNSON, Curator.

Brunswick, May 1, 1911.

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