Andrej Pleterski

The Invisible Slavs

Župa in the “Prehistoric” Early Middle Ages

Ljubljana 2013 Contents

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 7 1.1. Invisible history ...... 7 1.2. Motivations ...... 7 The Slavs ...... 9 Župa ...... 9 Why the microregion of Bled ...... 12 1.3. Related research in the Eastern Alps and neighbouring areas ...... 13 1.4. Territory ...... 15

2. METHOD OF ANALYSIS ...... 17 2.1. Retrograde analysis of land cadastre ...... 18 2.1.1. Cadastral map ...... 19 2.1.2. Entering data into a cadastral map ...... 19 2.1.3. Reconstruction of the old land division ...... 23 2.1.4. Village plan ...... 26 2.1.5. Dendrogram of the village development ...... 27 2.2. Written sources ...... 27 2.3. Archaeological sources ...... 29

3.THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDIVIDUAL VILLAGES ...... 31 3.1 and Mužje ...... 31 3.2. ...... 40 3.3. Zgornje Bodešče and Spodnje Bodešče ...... 45 3.4. Višelnica ...... 55 3.5. ...... 58 3.6. Poljšica ...... 63 3.7. ...... 67 3.8. Spodnja ...... 71 3.9. Grad - Bled ...... 72 3.10. Koritno ...... 79 3.11. Grimšče/Rečica and the settlement at Pristava...... 81 3.12. Želeče and Zagorice ...... 88 3.13. Mlino and Zazer ...... 94 3.14. ...... 99 3.15. Selo ...... 101 3.16. Zgornja Bohinjska Bela ...... 104 3.17. and Zgornja Blejska Dobrava ...... 105 3.18. and ...... 108 3.19. ...... 110

4. LOCAL INHABITANTS OF BLED IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 11TH CENTURY ...... 113

5. LANDOWNERS IN THE BLED AREA FROM THE 11TH TO THE 15TH CENTURY ...... 117 5.1. The Reynman family ...... 118 5.2. The Seepacher family of Mlino ...... 124 5.3. The Grimšičar family ...... 125 5.4. The Kranschrot family ...... 126 5.5. The Families of Gorje ...... 127 5.6. The Lambergar family ...... 129 5.7. Other families ...... 130 5.8. Development ...... 131

6. EDLINGS OF THE 15TH CENTURY ...... 135

7. ŽUPANS OF THE BLED AREA FROM THE 12TH TO THE 15TH CENTURY ...... 139

8. MOUNTAIN PASTURES OF THE BLED AREA ...... 143

9. ROUTES IN THE BLED AREA ...... 151

10. LANDHOLDING AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BLED AREA ...... 155 10.1. The Bled area at the beginning of the th7 century ...... 155 10.2. From the 7th century to the third quarter of the 10th century ...... 158 10.2.a. The older settlement period in the th7 and 8th century ...... 158 10.2.b. The younger settlement period from the second half of the th8 century to the mid-9th century ...... 161 10.2.c. The youngest settlement period from the second half of the 9th century to the third quarter of the 10th century ...... 164 10.3. The second half of the 10th century ...... 168 10.4. The Bled area in the 11th century ...... 170 10.5. The Bled area in the 12th and 13th century ...... 173 10.6. The Bled area in the 14th and 15th century ...... 175

11. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION ...... 177 11.1. To believe or not to believe. Two archaeological tests ...... 177 11.2. General observations ...... 179 11.3. The original state of land division ...... 179 11.4. The Kosezes ...... 180 11.5. The fate of Župa Bled and its people ...... 181 11.6. Future trends ...... 182

12. NAMES, PLACES, SPECIAL WORDS ...... 183 Writing of personal names ...... 184 The meaning of names ...... 184 Special words ...... 189

13. REFERENCES...... 191 General abbreviations ...... 191 Archival sources ...... 191 Published written sources ...... 193 Bibliography ...... 193