100 years of World Wars and Post-War Regional Collaboration and Good Governance ―How to Make New World Order?― Edited by Kumiko Haba Science Council of Japan Aoyama Gakuin University, Kyoto University 100 years of World Wars and Post-War Regional Collaboration and Good Governance---How to Make New World Order?--- Edited by Kumiko Haba Science Council of Japan Aoyama Gakuin University, Kyoto University Constructed by Junichi Shibuya, Shixin Du and Nicholas Crenshaw Nakanishi Printing Co., Ltd. Shimodachiuri, Ogawa Higashi, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8048, Japan March 2020 Printed in Tokyo and Kyoto ©Kumiko Haba, and individual writers, 2020. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic means, including photocopying and recording, without permission. Photo by Wikimedia Commons Contents Introduction Kumiko HABA 1 Keynote Speech：Who constructs New World Orders? 1. The UN's Role within the Wider System of International Organizations Rector of UNU, David M. MALONE 3 2. The Role of the United States in the New Global Order Glen S. FUKUSHIMA 5 3. Afterimage of the Empire? --The Background of Brexit Yoichi KIBATA 7 4. China’s Belt and Road Initiative and its Regional and Global Implications Jin DU 15 ChapterⅠ: After World War I and the Inter-war period 1-1 Disarmament and Equilibrium between Two World Wars (1919-1939) Valdo FERRETTI 17 1-2 The Security of Southeast Europe in the first Inter-war Decade. "Greater Romania" between Conflicting Neighborhoods and Regional Alliances Claudiu-Lucian TOPOR 23 1-3 The Inevitable Revolution Miguel Ángel VECINO 31 1-4 Eiichi Shibusawa’s Support for International Society through the League of Nations Association of Japan Akiko IIMORI 38 i Chapter Ⅱ: Post-colonization in Europe and Asia 2-1 European Integration and Decolonization. From the Beginning to Yaoundé Treaty Alfredo CANAVERO 45 2-2 A Pattern of Collaboration: European Integration and Decolonization. From Yaoundé Treaty to Present Days French leadership and British concerns (1963-1971) Giulia LAMI 53 2-3 France, Decolonization and the Global South: France’s Struggle for a New World Order Tomoya KURODA 62 2-4 North Korea and Wars in Africa and Asia Satoru MIYAMOTO 72 Chapter Ⅲ: After Wars 100 years: How to Make New World Order: Politics 3-1 The United States’ Different Strategies of “New World Order" between Europe and Asia in the Postwar Period Kumiko HABA 80 3-2 ‘I’m a Nationalist’: American Nationalism and Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump J. Patrick BOYD 97 3-3 Do SAARC and BIMSTEC lead the World? ---Regional Collaboration in South Asia Pardeep Singh CHAUHAN 111 3-4 Constructing a new world order: The case for a post-crisis international settlement? Chris G. POPE 120 ii Chapter Ⅳ: After Wars 100 years: How to Make New World Order: Economics 4-1 New Principles for a Better EU Steven ROSEFIELDE and Bruno DALLAGO 138 4-2 The Belt and Road Initiative between China and the EU Bruno DALLAGO 157 4-3 Corporate and Civil Structure under State Capitalism in Russia Satoshi MIZOBATA and Hiroaki HAYASHI 163 4-4 Professional Associations’ Contribution into a New World Order Formation – The Case of Russia Olga BOBROVA 175 Chapter Ⅴ: Regional Collaboration and Good Governance 5-1 ASEAN’s Governance of Labor Migration: Progress of Institutionalization and Challenges Motoko SHUTO 180 5-2 Regional Collaboration in Europe and Asia; learning from the European Union Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSR) and the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) Soavapa NGAMPRAMUAN 191 5-3 The Belt and Road Initiative and China-Eastern European Relations - How Much the `New Type of International Relations` can achieve Shixin DU 202 5-4 Demand of Regional Cooperation in New World Order: Case Study of France and Germany towards EU Formation Focusing on Energy Security Akanksha SINGH 211 Biography 220 iii 100 years of World Wars and Post-War Regional Collaboration and Good Governance---How to Make “New World Order?" Integration vs. Disintegration under Globalization Tokyo Conference: Aoyama Gakuin University, Science Council of Japan, Kyoto Conference: Kyoto University March 16-17, and March 19. 2020 (Postponed by corona virus in 2020) Introduction/ Gist of this book and Gratitude Kumiko HABA The world is currently at a turning point. The 20th century was a century of world wars. Two world wars occurred, and the Cold War ruled the world after the two world wars. Amidst the post-war devastation, the European Community and European Union was formed in Europe; Europe has created peaceful governance by building economic collaboration, security institutions and establishing the rule of law. In Asia, ASEAN also pursued regional governance after WWII; however, in East Asia, the Divide and Rule Policy was introduced and it brought Cold War system, continuing until the contemporary period. Even in the early 21st century, there are many new Nationalisms in the contemporary world. Populism and xenophobia are spreading in Europe. There is a wave of rapid economic growth in rising countries, especially in China and India. Destabilization in search of democratization is spreading simultaneously in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. In this book, based on the three wars in the 20th century (WWI, WWII, Cold War), we examine what kind of regional institutionalization and regional governance have been built up in an attempt to avoid endless war and conflicts. We will examine and consider what kind of order is needed to stabilize the conflict regions among both Europe and Asia. The themes of both the Tokyo Conference and Kyoto Conference are to investigate and clarify how the countries that experienced the World Wars have considered regional coexistence in each period and each region and how to establish peace, stability and prosperity under institutions and rule of law. We need to investigate cautiously the 1 integration and disintegration under globalization. Disintegration and Mutual distrust have serious consequences in the world. Because of the spread of corona virus, we had to postpone of this important conference, but this corona virus pandemic is also a big international political and economic issue. We would like to investigate this situation calmly and objectively, and we must not panic, becoming nationalistic and skeptical against others through this issue; we need mutual understanding, not to fear and attack other peoples. We need to carefully watch people, media, government, and companies to understand how to behave during these important turning points, and not bring these phenomena to conflicts and wars. We deeply appreciate all participants, Keynote speakers, Dr. David M. Malone, Glen S. Fukushima, Yoichi Kibata, and Jin Du, and all presenters, chairs and commentators. Because of the sudden corona virus spread from January to March in 2020, we could not hold the important and large conferences in Tokyo: at Aoyama Gakuin University and SCJ (Science Council of Japan) and in Kyoto: at Kyoto University, but all participants, chairs, and commentators sincerely and kindly joined us, supported our conferences, wrote and sent us their interesting papers, although the time was very limited. We sincerely appreciate all kind of collaboration of the staff of Aoyama Gakuin University, the Science Council of Japan, and Kyoto University. We feel the greatest gratitude and appreciation for all of them. Thank you very much indeed. We profoundly appreciate especially Professor Satoshi Mizobata, Director of Economic Institute, Kyoto University, and CHIR (Committee for History of International Relations) Ex. Com. Members, especially Professor Alfredo Canavero, Giulia Lami, Dumitru Preda, Miguel Ángel Vecino, as well as the other members. Thank you very much, indeed, for joining and supporting our conferences and sending us papers. Last, but not least, we appreciate Dr. Shixin Du, Mr. Nicholas Crenshaw, and Associate Professor Jun-ichi Shibuya; without their help, we could not publish this Proceeding Book so quickly and tidily. Thank you very much, indeed. All of you, thank you very much! 2 Keynote Speech 100 years of World Wars and Post-war Regional Collaboration and Global Governance --Who constructs New World Orders?— The UN’s Role within the Wider System of International Organizations Dr. David M. MALONE Rector of the United Nations University; Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations (The introduction of Dr. David M Malone, in United Nation University) Prior to joining the United Nations University on 1 March 2013 (until 2023), Dr. David Malone served (2008–2013) as President of Canada’s International Development Research Centre, a leading global funding agency that supports policy-relevant research in the developing world. Dr. Malone had previously served as Canada’s Representative to the UN Economic and Social Council and as an Ambassador of Canada to the United Nations (1990– 1994); as Director General of the Policy, International Organizations and Global Issues Bureaus within Canada’s Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT, 1994–1998); as President of the International Peace Academy (now International Peace Institute), a New York-based independent research and policy development institution (1998–2004); as DFAIT Senior official on Global Issues (2004– 2006); and as Canada’s High Commissioner to India, and non-resident Ambassador to Bhutan and Nepal (2006–2008). Dr. Malone also has held research posts at the Economic Studies Program, Brookings Institution; Massey College, University of Toronto; and Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University. He has been a Guest Scholar and Adjunct Professor at Columbia University, and an Adjunct Professor at the New York University School of Law, with which he remains affiliated. He holds a BAA from l’École des Hautes Études Commerciales (Montreal); an Arabic Language Diploma from the American University (Cairo); an MPA from the Kennedy 3 School of Government, Harvard University; and a DPhil in International Relations from Oxford University.