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Chapitre 7. Inventaire Des Plantes Vasculaires De La Région De Beanka, Région Melaky, Ouest De Madagascar

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Chapitre 7. Inventaire Des Plantes Vasculaires De La Région De Beanka, Région Melaky, Ouest De Madagascar Chapitre 7. Inventaire des plantes vasculaires de la région de Beanka, Région Melaky, Ouest de Madagascar Laurent Gautier1, Ralph Bolliger1, Martin et Euphorbia. Ils s’écartent sensiblement de la Callmander1, 2, Mitia R. Hanitrarivo3, 4, Iacopo richesse floristique globale de Madagascar et Luino1, Louis Nusbaumer1, Pete Phillipson2, 5, témoignent d’une flore de forêt dense sèche du Luc Ranaivarisoa3, 4, Patrick Ranirison3, 4, Brice Domaine de l’Ouest. F. L. Rakotozafy3, 4, Nathalie Rasolofo1 & Jacquis 3) Plusieurs espèces excessivement rares ont été A. Tahinarivony3, 4 trouvées (Angraecum potamophilum, Tsingya 1Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la ville de bemarana et Euphorbia pirahazo) ; trois nouvelles Genève et Laboratoire de botanique systématique et espèces ont été déjà décrites sur la base du biodiversité de l’Université de Genève, Case Postale matériel analysé et de nombreuses autres sont 60, CH – 1292 Chambésy, Suisse présumées. Email : [email protected], [email protected]. 4) Malgré qu’une analyse phytogéographique ch, [email protected], iacopo.luino@ville- n’ait pas été réalisée à ce stade, nous pouvons ge.ch, [email protected], nathalie.rasolofo@ constater que plusieurs espèces des forêts ville-ge.ch humides des Domaines de l’Est, du Centre et du 2Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, Saint Louis, Sambirano ont été trouvées à Beanka. Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Email : [email protected] Ces faits confirment l’intérêt de la région sur 3Association Famelona, BP 3972, Antananarivo 101, le plan de la flore et prêchent en faveur de sa Madagascar conservation. Email : [email protected], ranaivoarisoaluc@ yahoo.fr, [email protected], [email protected], Mots clés : Madagascar, Beanka, flore, plantes [email protected] vasculaires, diversité 4Département de Biologie et Ecologie végétales de l’Université d’Antananarivo, BP 906, Antananarivo 101, Extended abstract Madagascar A checklist of the vascular plants of the Beanka Email : [email protected] Forest is proposed herein, which is based on 2326 5Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département herbarium specimens collected during a field mission de Systématique et Evolution, Phanérogamie, 16 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France in October 2009, and more extensive exploration from November 2011 to March 2012 and from November 2012 to April 2013. Although the identification of certain specimens remains on going (so far 78% of Résumé collections identified to species level), the following Un inventaire des plantes vasculaires de la région conclusions can be drawn: de Beanka est proposé. Il est basé sur 2326 récoltes 1) Floristic richness reaches 965 species in d’échantillons d’herbier. Malgré la nature encore 485 genera and 134 families. These notably partielle des identifications, nous pouvons déjà tirer high values can be explained by a diversity les conclusions suivantes : of basement rock, which includes limestone, 1) La richesse floristique se monte à 965 espèces sandstone, basalts, and white sands. réparties en 485 genres et 134 familles. Cette 2) The plant families that have the highest species valeur élevée peut s’expliquer par une diversité richness include: Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, des substrats : aux calcaires de la forêt s’ajoutent Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Apocynaceae, des végétations sur grès, basaltes et sables Acanthaceae, and Orchidaceae. blancs. 3) The plant genera that have the highest species 2) Les familles les plus riches en espèces sont les richness include: Grewia, Croton, Diospyros, Rubiaceae, les Fabaceae, les Euphorbiaceae, les Dioscorea, and Euphorbia. Malvaceae, les Apocynaceae, les Acanthaceae et 4) These proportions with respect to richest families les Orchidaceae, tandis que les genres les plus and genera differ significantly to the flora across riches sont Grewia, Croton, Diospyros, Dioscorea the island and indicate that the Beanka Forest Gautier, L., Bolliger, R., Callmander, M., Hanitrarivo, M. R., Luino, I., Nusbaumer, L., Phillipson, P., Ranaivarisoa, L., Ranirison, P., Rakotozafy, B. F. L., Rasolofo, N. & Tahinarivony, J. A. 2013. Inventaire des plantes vasculaires de la région de Beanka, Région Melaky, Ouest de Madagascar. Dans La forêt de Beanka, Région Melaky, Ouest de Madagascar, eds. S. M. Goodman, L. Gautier & M. J. Raherilalao. Malagasy Nature, 7: 127-160. 128 Gautier et al. : Inventaire des plantes vasculaires de la région de Beanka plant community is typical of the deciduous forests ils ne sont vraisemblablement soumis au feu of the Western Domain. qu’exceptionnellement. 5) Several notably rare species have been found Un inventaire floristique des plantes vasculaires in the Beanka Forest, which include Angraecum a été mené dans le but de chiffrer la richesse de potamophilum (Orchidaceae), Tsingya bemarana ces milieux, d’analyser leur flore et de fournir ainsi (Sapindaceae), and Euphorbia pirahazo les éléments nécessaire à une prise de décision en (Euphorbiaceae). matière de conservation. 6) Three new species to science have already been described based on specimens considered in Méthode this checklist, and numerous others have been Cet inventaire se base sur les 2326 échantillons confirmed and will be described in the future. de plantes vasculaires récoltés dans la forêt de 7) Although phytogeographical analysis has yet Beanka et ses environs immédiats. Ces échantillons to be conducted, several ombrophilous forest ont été récoltés au cours d’une première mission species of the Eastern, Central, and Sambirano menée par le Missouri Botanical Garden en octobre Domains have been found in the Beanka Forest. 2009 organisée par l’Association Vahatra, puis This conclusion is based on a cartographic study, au cours de deux campagnes de terrain, menées as well as a forest structural and floristic analysis, par les Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de presented in other chapters within this monograph. la Ville de Genève, en collaboration avec les More specifically, these studies revealed, under associations Famelona et Vahatra ainsi que particular topographic and substratum conditions, l’Université d’Antananarivo, de novembre 2011 à the existence of forest types with a significant mars 2012 et de novembre 2012 à avril 2013, cette proportion of evergreen species. The water seconde campagne ayant été initiée avec l’appui du regime and circulation patterns within the Beanka Missouri Botanical Garden. Par ces trois missions, karst seems to created localized environments l’essentiel de la saison de croissance des plantes a with reduced water stress during the dry season, été couverte, même s’il est possible que certaines which can explain the presence of certain zones espèces fleurissant à contre-saison n’aient pas été with distinctly moister conditions. trouvées en condition fertile et aient donc échappé à These different aspects confirm the importance of cet inventaire. the Beanka region in terms of its flora, which in turn underlines the significance of its conservation. Echantillonnage Key words: Madagascar, Beanka, flora, vascular Les prospections ont été réalisées à partir de six plants, diversity camps de base où les équipes résidaient entre 10 et 20 jours. Les premiers jours de chaque camp Introduction étaient consacrés à une prospection générale des milieux atteignables depuis le camp, afin d’apprécier La région de Beanka est située au nord du Bemaraha la variabilité de l’environnement pour orienter dans le prolongement de cette formation sur les travaux. Par la suite, une partie de l’équipe calcaires. La végétation dominante est une forêt prospectait plus en détail les milieux rencontrés tandis dense sèche décidue qui s’étend sur un axe Nord- que l’autre effectuait des relevés de végétations (voir Sud, avec plusieurs variantes détaillées ailleurs dans Rakotozafy et al., 2013). Ces trois types de travaux cet ouvrage. Cette forêt apparaît comme immune ont été l’occasion de récoltes d’échantillons. aux feux (Cano, 2012), vraisemblablement en raison d’un substrat largement rocheux. De part et d’autre, Récolte on trouve essentiellement des prairies secondaires soumises au pâturage et aux feux et des forêts Les récoltes ont été effectuées dans la mesure galeries. A l’est, les grès dominent. A l’ouest, au- du possible en six parts, portant sur des individus delà d’une bande de grès interrompue localement fertiles. Les données stationnelles usuelles ont par de grandes étendues de sables blancs, on été enregistrées ainsi que la position précise de la trouve une roche-mère basaltique (Andriamanga, récolte. Des photographies des individus prélevés 2012). Les sables blancs sont peuplés d’un fourré ont été prises dans la mesure du possible. Les diffus, mais leur périphérie abrite par endroits une récoltes ont été pressées, puis séchées à l’air chaud formation forestière. En l’absence de tapis herbacé, sur le terrain, à l’exception des récoltes menées par Gautier et al. : Inventaire des plantes vasculaires de la région de Beanka 129 le Missouri Botanical Garden qui ont été fixées à 2) Les morpho-espèces dont seule la famille est l’alcool et séchées de retour à Antananarivo. connue prennent le nom « Indet. 1 », « Indet. 2 », etc. Dans le décompte de la richesse de la famille, Partage des récoltes chacune de ces morpho-espèces est prise en compte. Sur les six parts récoltées, l’une a été déposée dans les herbiers nationaux de Madagascar : TAN et Les récoltes indéterminées qui n’ont pas pu être TEF (acronymes selon Holmgren et al., 1990). Les consultées à G lors de cette opération (récoltes autres ont été exportées à G, avant d’être distribuées effectuées à un seul exemplaire qui ne sont pas dans d’autres herbiers particulièrement actifs sur parvenues à G ou échantillons de la mission de 2009 l’étude de la flore de Madagascar (P, MO, K), mais non-inclus dans le prêt de P), sont mentionnées en également à d’autres institutions par le biais de dons petits caractères, mais ne sont pas considérées dans contre détermination. les décomptes. Il en va de même pour les récoltes dont le matériel était insuffisant pour pouvoir être Déterminations rattaché de manière certaine à une espèce ou une Les récoltes ont fait l’objet d’une première morpho-espèce.
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